import json
import pandas as pd
import os

# Load the config file
with open('../config/config.json', 'r') as f:
    config = json.load(f)

file_path = config["data_loc"]
file_name = "QTL_text.json"
final_path = os.path.join(file_path, file_name)

# Load json file
df = pd.read_json(final_path)
print(f"Shape of the original dataset: {df.shape}", "\n")

df.head()

Shape of the original dataset: (11278, 5)

# "In this project, you will need to use "Abstract" and "Category", and you can ignore the other fields."
df_processed = df[['Abstract', 'Category']]
print(f"Shape before filtering: {df_processed.shape}", "\n")

# "In this project, you need to ignore papers in Category ‘0’."
df_processed = df_processed[df_processed['Category'] == 1]
print(f"Shape after filtering: {df_processed.shape}", "\n")

df_processed.head()

Shape before filtering: (11278, 2) 

Shape after filtering: (1007, 2)

import spacy
nlp_spacy = spacy.load("en_core_web_sm")

import nltk
nltk.download('punkt')
nltk.download('stopwords')
from nltk.tokenize import word_tokenize
from nltk.corpus import stopwords
from nltk.stem import WordNetLemmatizer

[nltk_data] Downloading package punkt to /Users/gabrielvictorgomesferr
[nltk_data]     eira/opt/anaconda3/envs/nlp_env/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]   Package punkt is already up-to-date!
[nltk_data] Downloading package stopwords to /Users/gabrielvictorgomes
[nltk_data]     ferreira/opt/anaconda3/envs/nlp_env/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]   Package stopwords is already up-to-date!

# Set stop words
stop_words = set(stopwords.words('english'))

# Set lemmatizer
lemmatizer = WordNetLemmatizer()

# Using split
df_processed['abstract_split'] = df_processed['Abstract'].apply(lambda token: [lemmatizer.lemmatize(token.lower()) for token in token.split() if token.isalpha() and len(token)>2 and token not in stop_words])

# Using spacy
df_processed['abstract_spacy'] = df_processed['Abstract'].apply(lambda token: [lemmatizer.lemmatize(token.text.lower()) for token in nlp_spacy(token) if token.text.isalpha() and len(token) > 2 and not token.is_stop])

# Using nltk
df_processed['abstract_nltk'] = df_processed['Abstract'].apply(lambda token: [lemmatizer.lemmatize(token.lower()) for token in word_tokenize(token) if token.isalpha() and len(token)> 2 and token not in stop_words])

df_processed.head()

# https://medium.com/@lingostat/tf-idf-for-text-preprocessing-in-machine-learning-a66b29774040

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from wordcloud import WordCloud

# Define input text
input_text = " ".join([" ".join(words) for words in df_processed['abstract_nltk']])

# Define word cloud
wordcloud = WordCloud(width=800, height=800, background_color='white').generate(input_text)

# Display
plt.figure(figsize=(8,8))
plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation='bilinear')
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()

from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer
import numpy as np

# df_processed['abstract_nltk'].apply(lambda token: " ".join(token))

# https://medium.com/@lingostat/tf-idf-for-text-preprocessing-in-machine-learning-a66b29774040

# Compute TF-IDF
tfidf_vec = TfidfVectorizer(stop_words='english')
tfidf_matrix = tfidf_vec.fit_transform(df_processed['abstract_nltk'].apply(lambda token: " ".join(token)))
tfidf_scores = np.asarray(tfidf_matrix.mean(axis=0)).flatten()
tfidf_word = dict(zip(tfidf_vec.get_feature_names_out(), tfidf_scores))

# Define word cloud
wordcloud = WordCloud(width=800, height=800, background_color='white').generate_from_frequencies(tfidf_word)

# Display
plt.figure(figsize=(8,8))
plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation='bilinear')
plt.axis("off")
plt.show()

# top_words

# Sort and print highest ranked words
top_words = sorted(tfidf_word.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)[:10]
top_words_list, top_scores_list = zip(*top_words)
for word, score in top_words:
    print(f"{word}: {round(score, 4)}")

qtl: 0.0707
snp: 0.0545
trait: 0.0534
gene: 0.0474
region: 0.0329
association: 0.0309
associated: 0.0299
study: 0.0295
pig: 0.0295
analysis: 0.0293

import gensim

# Document body
abstract_nltk = df_processed['abstract_nltk']

# Define model Word2Vec model
word2vec_model = gensim.models.Word2Vec(
    vector_size=100,
    window=5,
    min_count=10)

# Build Vocabulary
word2vec_model.build_vocab(abstract_nltk)

# Train model
word2vec_model.train(abstract_nltk, total_examples=word2vec_model.corpus_count, epochs=word2vec_model.epochs)

## https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2NtCcqmIww

(501085, 681935)

# Dictionary to save values
most_similar_dict = {}

# Print and collect vales
for word in top_words:
    similar_words = word2vec_model.wv.most_similar(word[0], topn=20)
    print(f"{word[0]} → {', '.join([w[0] for w in similar_words])}")

    most_similar_dict[word[0]] = [(str(w[0]) + ":" + str(round(w[1], 4))) for w in similar_words]

# Create data-frame
df_test = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(most_similar_dict, orient='index')
df_test.index = range(1, len(df_test) + 1)
df_test.columns = [f"Similar {i+1}" for i in range(df_test.shape[1])]
df_test.insert(0, "Top Word", top_words_list)
df_test.insert(1, "TF-IDF Score", [round(score, 4) for score in top_scores_list])

df_test

qtl → qtls, previously, mapped, detected, chromosome, reported, suggestive, locus, identified, one, several, significant, quantitative, chromosomal, putative, region, located, coincided, pleiotropic, near
snp → revealed, exon, intron, single, haplotype, three, four, two, five, polymorphism, within, nucleotide, showed, seven, flanking, the, six, one, association, sequence
trait → affecting, locus, quantitative, fatness, quality, growth, carcass, meat, fertility, endocrine, qtls, influencing, related, reported, economically, eggshell, bone, affect, complex, detect
gene → candidate, positional, mutation, functional, region, potential, pathway, involved, several, bovine, variant, porcine, novel, scd, promoter, close, causal, located, coding, causative
region → located, identified, previously, within, novel, several, chromosome, reported, one, positional, mutation, close, detected, bovine, candidate, variant, near, chromosomal, position, mapped
association → analysis, gwas, sequence, revealed, array, approach, imputed, chip, mapping, the, conducted, single, gwa, regression, interval, snp, autosome, perform, bovine, flanking
associated → found, significantly, also, several, bta, reported, close, located, highly, mapped, qtls, chromosome, near, harboring, promoter, level, identified, coincided, positional, one
study → identify, objective, aim, present, genomic, gwas, detect, conducted, previous, this, map, fine, mapping, genome, scan, approach, investigate, perform, performed, association
pig → commercial, landrace, erhualian, duroc, leghorn, dongxiang, meishan, cross, pietrain, purebred, broiler, rock, intercross, boar, sheep, litter, resource, junglefowl, population, indigenous
analysis → disequilibrium, linkage, regression, marker, interval, mapping, approach, ldla, microsatellite, association, combined, test, method, across, revealed, gwa, based, microsatellites, covering, chip

from gensim.models.phrases import Phraser, Phrases

# https://tedboy.github.io/nlps/generated/generated/gensim.models.Phrases.html

# Document Body
abstract_tokenized = df_processed['abstract_nltk']

# Compute TF-IDF
tfidf_vec = TfidfVectorizer(ngram_range=(2, 3), stop_words='english')
tfidf_matrix = tfidf_vec.fit_transform(abstract_tokenized.apply(lambda token: " ".join(token)))

tfidf_scores = np.asarray(tfidf_matrix.mean(axis=0)).flatten()
tfidf_word = dict(zip(tfidf_vec.get_feature_names_out(), tfidf_scores))

# Sort highest ranked words
top_words = sorted(tfidf_word.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)[:10]
top_words_list, top_scores_list = zip(*top_words)

for word, score in top_words:
    print(f"{word}: {round(score, 4)}")

genome wide: 0.0092
candidate gene: 0.0082
fatty acid: 0.0074
quantitative trait: 0.0072
trait locus: 0.0068
quantitative trait locus: 0.0068
meat quality: 0.0065
single nucleotide: 0.0059
nucleotide polymorphism: 0.0058
single nucleotide polymorphism: 0.0058

# Get the list of bigrams and trigrams
ngrams = tfidf_vec.get_feature_names_out()
ngrams = set(ngrams)
print(f"Number of good phrases in the trait dictionary: {len(ngrams)}")
print(ngrams)

Number of good phrases in the trait dictionary: 211432
{'direction result', 'ca identified intron', 'center trait', 'revealed qtl population', '1990s causal', 'polymorphism 12', 'underlying gene causal', 'used select', 'holstein family different', 'precision genome quantitative', 'animal model proc', 'confirming importance controlling', 'efficiency human', 'pcr rflp technology', 'array substantial heritability', 'frzb col5a2 igf1', 'information regarding', 'texel sired', 'percentage family increase', 'figf strongly associated', 'dorset sheep individual', 'variant breed', 'snp60 chip microarray', 'gga13 gga24', 'increased fitness', 'model allowing', 'thickness lean cut', 'dc study', 'australia underwent', 'haplotype hypothetical ibd', 'identical descent analysis', 'elf3 dbh cdk5', 'locus affected early', 'rdw study', 'reconstruction based sscrofa10', 'dominance deviation effect', 'range size used', 'sweep locus', 'case obtained', '300 lamb genotyped', 'height snp', 'cc aa', '10 rfi', 'explained majority', 'proliferative renewable population', 'weight 95', 'progesterone assay', 'publication qtl associated', 'atp5b widely expressed', 'contribution qtl detected', 'response gene', 'fe hepatogenous mycotoxicosis', 'curve synthesized', 'number 03 possibly', 'girth month', 'weight moisture', 'snp 440t 17122a', 'allele frequency distribution', 'disease domestic', 'propose interval encompassing', 'snp defining', 'targeted quantitative', 'sow genome compared', 'study verify scd', 'association buffalo', 'renowned exceptional', 'second study reporting', 'role initiation inflammatory', 'sire previously', 'function apob', 'bta12 cbfa2t2 bta13', 'significant influence transcriptional', 'polymorphism snp eca3', 'heart girth regulatory', 'subspecies underlie phenotypic', 'cortisol parental', 'livestock population', 'population size 200', 'yield normal', 'cattle regressed', 'based analysis detected', '10 mb window', 'puberty training', 'lta antigen encoded', 'membrane protein receptor', 'load represents blv', 'translational suppression', '01 feed', 'revealed animal', 'sd significantly associated', 'gene influence sexual', 'resulted limited improvement', 'obesity conclusion', 'imputed holstein', 'new light genetic', 'putative snp bos', 'trait norwegian swedish', 'location presence opn', 'association resistant female', 'snp 05 according', 'change alanine', 'used map qtl', 'heat loss shear', 'model joint model', 'wgcna analysis showed', 'aged 12', 'including human confirming', 'panel yielded', 'growth reproductive trait', 'averaged association', 'breeding body', 'specific haplotype contains', 'advance understanding genetic', 'suggest power', 'trout ass', 'average marker interval', 'quality control summary', '19 51', '700 offspring', 'combination genetic', 'specific lysine', 'pafah1b3 tmem145 cic', 'line difference level', 'candidate observed effect', 'insr 589c', 'early fertility', 'marker rear leg', 'qtl interaction effect', 'specie ass association', 'mechanism calcium', 'pietrain sinclair pig', 'activity chromatin modification', 'coat colour breed', 'snp model enabled', 'shelled egg', '29 119 pig', '246 treatment record', 'densitometry shadow', '14 29 snp', 'infinium beadchip applied', 'ltnb associated', 'cool cold', 'greatly reduced qtl', 'chicken method', 'testis kidney', 'dqsl2 identified gga2', 'scheme livestock specie', 'embryonic mortality japanese', 'genome scan', 'egg component clearly', 'gfra2 expression liver', 'response previously', 'partial promoter', 'score chromosome 10', 'bft interestingly snp', '15 552', 'cyp11b1 776', 'trait birth 98', 'polymorphism bmts mqts', 'gradient slice', 'approach fitted', 'meishan superior prenatal', 'depth 017 meishan', 'allowed identify main', 'muscle removed carcass', 'anova trait marker', 'variation cnv defined', 'rs13997811 rs13997812', '82 square', 'increasingly important', 'length qtl', 'major gene affect', 'phenotypic record genomic', '64 70 mb', 'equinesnp50 infinium beadchip', 'study needed better', 'linkage disequilibrium prnp', 'human 12q13 14', 'strain conducted', 'awassi breeding', 'model lp', 'region harboring effect', 'gene network underlying', 'substitution threonine', 'small individual effect', 'bovis infection', 'cow polymerase chain', 'shown cause high', 'including additional', 'snp bmpr1', 'adrenal hpa', 'content detected', 'animal dominance effect', '05 chicken preadipocytes', 'fcr ssc2 significant', 'gene evaluated association', 'increase adg body', 'mature gilt', 'previously divergently', 'snp map ldrm', 'pcp pcp', 'data split', 'tick 300', 'enabling manipulation trajectory', 'rate concern general', 'sequence ovine', '270t 190g sc', 'access complexity', 'trait japanese', 'bostauv1r417 bostauv1r419', 'detect novel sequence', 'related immune response', 'debilitating effect', 'location associated', 'mutation apob gene', 'probability son receives', 'level line cross', '41 848 snp', 'procedure linkage analysis', 'parametric interval mapping', 'chromosome shown harbor', 'pedigree trait', 'jianquhai pig', 'localization second approach', 'omega ratio conclusion', 'linked block novel', 'pcr single', 'contains qtl', 'information gene region', 'ghrelin receptor ghsr', 'wur10000125 wur interferon', 'c16 c16', 'pathway unique trait', 'control suggestive', 'narrow region', 'percentage breast muscle', 'lower computational', 'h5n2 outbreak united', 'prlr exon 10', 'backcross animal', 'pig measured imf', 'bft rft', 'single causative mutation', 'investigated using', 'computation time', 'natal growth differentiation', 'apoh detected', 'percentage 18', 'assigned dlk1 meg3', 'susceptibility region harboured', 'fertility nws', '636a snp ppara', 'fabp4_μsat3237 marker', 'ovine litter', 'sequence domain', 'ssc16 01', '26 cm', 'adhesion used', 'count cited', 'effect muscle fat', '80 qtl 855', 'detection quantitative trait', 'sheep including', 'highly advanced', 'micrornas class small', 'production 12', 'bta7 93 mb', 'heritability snp rs80805264', 'relatedness identified 17', 'used broiler', 'number vertebra 44', 'area informative', 'study revealed tcf21', 'milk qtl interval', 'trait f2resource population', 'real data current', 'window confirmed', 'gizzard haematocrit', 'genotyped single', 'effect marker evaluated', 'including fertility treatment', 'large set', 'aseasonal reproduction including', 'initial analysis', 'long yearling', 'response infection resistant', 'using sequenom massarray', 'library result total', 'vertebra swine', 'cause identified effect', 'effect fertility milk', 'example identification genomic', 'sgc horse', 'agreement association previously', 'averaging 229', 'day fat percentage', 'agreement responsible gene', 'f2 resource population', 'simwalk2 software', 'chromosome oar3 marker', 'gene phe279tyr', 'selected set', 'massarray total', 'design 18', 'model showed', 'result confirm relevance', 'number uncorrelated', '18 white egg', 'snp located nucleotide', 'sw207 s0283', 'mortality detected', 'pdgfrb csf1r wt1', 'primary trait', 'examined fatty acid', 'estimation method proposed', 'bmcpc bone', 'construct haplotype', '49 65 homology', 'heterozygote result', 'cltc adjacent', 'major qtl associated', 'related intramuscular fat', 'human resulting fishy', 'scan 104', 'snp highest', 'contained pax3 expressed', 'sheep currently', 'chicken spot14alpha', 'gene body', 'lonrf1 sequencing', 'fixed grandparent', 'health welfare', 'method trait preparation', 'deposition adipose tissue', '27 phenotypic trait', 'carcass chemical', 'trait carried region', 'difference dairy capacity', 'snp variability', 'affect milk composition', 'investigate candidate', '17 significant', 'phenotypic variance sample', 'chicken strain', 'reported blonde aquitaine', 'approach applied', 'blood component', 'dppa4 empirical 006', 'genetic progress demonstrated', 'mutation synonymous', 'developmental process including', 'respectively high', 'similar qtl', 'body weight weight', 'position 1574 mrna', 'cluster persisted', 'recessive rock', 'antagonist iloperidone treatment', 'testis onset puberty', 'aca haplotype', 'dna f2', 'pathogenesis lda', 'toughness intramuscular', '24 mb duroc', '736 associated', 'suggested artificial', 'analysis le', 'autosome used association', '21 significant snp', 'size wool', 'subfamily member trait', 'grand daughter design', 'total 869', 'snp located myostatin', 'transcriptome resistant', 'ovine bovine chromosome', 'protein percentage 15', 'trait analyzed expression', 'great economic importance', '05 div', 'tryptophan hydroxylase', 'weaning using vaccination', 'subsequently produced cross', 'gblup application', 'bacterial pathogen', 'gene later', 'including bone fat', 'indicated genetic basis', 'length female worm', 'associated color rcn1', 'sphk2 eqtl', 'transportation cell', '22 polymorphism adipocyte', 'homozygote western meat', 'locus mapped centromeric', 'life anesthesia', 'resource population polymorphism', 'birth genome wide', 'permutation test significant', '2951 animal', 'cd8 ratio identified', 'performance trait chromosome', 'candidate gene lipid', 'cm using interval', 'lactose predicted mir', 'fl structure', 'pedigree exposed', 'mc fp', 'site revealed', 'ssc3 nvd', 'commercial founder', 'man2b2 qtl', 'activated receptor gene', 'refine location qtl', '14 chinese', 'associated growth characteristic', 'interval based lod', '025 partial', 'dilution eumelanin phaeomelanin', 'marker scan high', 'related transcriptomic', 'left sided displaced', 'order investigate', '061 bp', 'qtls pleiotropic', 'snp bin', 'molecular breeding en', 'ssc17 48 mb', 'study undertaken identify', 'gain duroc pietrain', 'resistance population specific', 'chromosome 20 harbour', 'gestation ovary', 'addition tac haplotype', 'categorized prp genotype', 'mb 119', 'population data farm', 'reference genome sequence', 'female pig used', 'acid especially fasn', 'interesting polymorphism', 'scan identified qtl', 'gene analyze possible', 'mineralisatinon limited', 'significantly 001 high', 'single sire 41', 'backcross boar', '41 mm', 'failed identify genome', 'similarly result', 'trait locus arm', '10 14 genome', '01 snp31 significantly', 'acid composition sheep', 'cause amino', 'containing snp', 'connected energy status', 'evaluate backfat', 'progeny 98', 'sequencing data', 'responsible white', 'programme morphological feature', 'disclosed qtl', 'trait locus size', 'ssc genotyped pig', 'leu affect function', 'carried aiming identify', 'gene original qtl', 'indicating codominant inheritance', 'association marker haplotype', 'lncrnas potentially', 'peg relative growth', 'qtl improved tenderness', 'c20 ssc17 c16', 'analysis skeletal', 'consistent suggesting', 'basis seven', 'helpful exploit dissect', 'wgcna total', '204 binding', 'geographically diverse gelbvieh', 'divergently extreme', 'obesity identification novel', 'gene recorded', 'teat assuming', 'model using restricted', 'qtl different sheep', 'regression based method', 'jak stat', 'allows establish', 'conformation score study', '8227c shown close', 'chicken gaining', 'imputing 50k', 'high production potential', 'charolais ch 16', 'overdominance mode inheritance', 'blood vessel', 'diagnostic parameter veterinary', 'containing snp locus', 'tew percentage', 'interval direct impact', 'trait meat quality', 'category related', 'tuberculosis tb affect', 'refined genome', 'haplotype characterised', 'necessary reaffirm', 'region literature', 'binding leukocyte', 'gene expression act', 'meishan resource', 'ratio qtl increased', 'population litter', 'carcass composition chicken', 'late life study', 'breeding reduce aggression', 'process fetal growth', 'gene fluorescence', '148 cm gga1', 'effect meat quality', 'fshr snp position', 'selection broiler performance', 'sequencing genetic effect', 'basis poorly', 'gt haplotype', 'used investigate difference', 'adjust animal phenotype', 'applied trait', 'resulted 12 significant', 'globulin gene cbg', 'used compressed', 'panel including 19', 'serine threonine protein', 'conformation trait animal', 'phase il10_prrsv repulsion', 'future research evaluate', 'beadchip suggestive', '324g 626t', 'using illuminaporcine60k', 'animal participating deltagen', 'signalling transcript', 'strength shearing coefficient', 'associated number thoracic', 'dimorphic difference', 'protein production', 'daughter obtained', 'disorder 31', 'level feathered', 'qtl required', 'lp considered good', '21 identified', 'trait suggests', 'birthweight 002 tailing', 'mlm glm significant', 'resource snp', 'animal successful reducing', 'tenderness associated limousin', 'interval precision genome', 'seven chromosomal', 'range association', 'seven stallion', 'addition maintenance appropriate', 'tight junction focal', 'snp capn1 cast', 'analysis field', 'cm ssc4', 'genetic map sex', 'fat combination 05', 'biochemistry parameter 599g', 'infection instance', 'haplotype information', 'intermediate heritabilities cu', 'sire included quantitative', 'aa gg cc', 'identical region 11', '1264c snp myod1', 'cattle study using', 'potential gene underlying', 'mobilization skeletal mineral', 'motile spermatozoon', 'membrane fresh semen', 'cross resource', 'defect identifying', 'taurus result', 'genomic level performed', 'uberis result', 'fat female', 'half sib progeny', 'exceeded additive effect', 'temperament merino sheep', 'cure breed', 'composition presented', 'result marker', 'prl gene', 'f4bcr locus', 'catfish population', 'conclusion follow', 'used reflect', 'association snp aj543065', 'prrs cause decreased', 'present different architecture', 'thyroxine insulin like', 'acid conjugated', 'mbp sequence', 'importance region', 'late growth', 'shown npc1', 'selection normal rbc', 'data case control', '68 trait detected', 'bp intranslated region', 'area semispinalis lean', 'day week week', 'cow genotypic', '032 increased', 'effect 65 32', 'qtl analysis log', 'insulin thyroid hormone', 'variance component', 'gene action', 'component model compared', 'linkage disequilibrium 80', 'criterion applied stringent', 'suggested non synonymous', 'large white type', 'economic welfare consequence', 'case remarkably', 'udder depth chromosome', 'chromosome posterior probability', 'conductivity 05', '18 plag1 bta14', 'analysis step better', 'costly effect disease', 'number fatness', 'scan carried detect', 'component muscle', 'function considerably', 'pc technique', 'purebred awassi', 'factor mef', 'animal rate', '11 06', 'mapped swine chromosome', 'cau chicken resource', 'methodology used analyse', 'level total 92', 'ggp porcine beadchip', 'highest bwg fi', 'birth weight bta20', 'mean variance component', 'trait method meta', 'significant association birth', '25 aflp primer', 'array identified 245', 'candidate gene gas1', 'line sheep selected', 'bayesian technique random', 'causing estimated loss', 'excellent starting', 'family member', 'cluster located approximately', 'compared genotype 2379tc', '297 cm gga3', 'furthermore got positional', 'character dairy cattle', 'factor family play', 'improvement antagonistic trait', 'revealed substitution g93a', 'meat livestock commission', 'coding region proved', 'qtl growth rate', 'association rs81399474 ssc8', 'region utr transcript', 'particular emphasis', 'yield aim', '116 lm', 'correction stratification conducting', 'abca12 flrt2', 'chromosomal region pleiotropic', 'correlated rfi', 'e577d coding', 'horse chromosome eca', 'marker 29', 'associated ebv', 'marker covering 80', 'remodeling validated genomic', 'bred improved', 'region influenced outcome', 'sum fatty acid', 'teat count including', 'trait combination showed', '124 883a', 'insight cheesemaking', 'sirna interfering', 'score 12', 'black pigment phaeomelanin', 'carotene major carotenoid', 'chicken line', 'population number favorable', 'association study meta', 'region focused', 'chromosome apart ssc4', 'autosome genome scan', 'analysis abhd5 performed', 'exerted consistent', 'analysis cattle', 'peptidylprolyl isomerase like', 'natural antisense', 'ranging zero conducted', 'snp previously associated', 'traditional selection sow', 'described calm', 'born consecutive annual', 'position nt', 'steer 32 extreme', 'using combined linkage', 'identified signature selection', 'performed jinghai', 'average sc', 'subsequently identified premature', 'pl breed', 'feeding rate', 'human irs4', 'tcf12 previously detected', 'thrive syndrome pfts', 'ssc1 ending', 'production agent', 'region total', '18 microsatellites', 'report literature known', 'age greatly advance', 'qtl mapped oar5', 'jersey 64 tharparkar', 'meishan crossbred population', 'parasite combination', 'power comprehensive', 'remarkable number', 'candidate qtl qtl', 'probably low qtl', 'toxin sporidesmin resistance', 'snp 419 protein', '387 snp marker', 'change haematocrit', 'cattle total', 'gabbr1 tail', 'selected feed efficiency', 'single lamb birth', 'cross mapped', 'explain 10', 'twh blood', 'fat gizzard genotype', 'type tenderometer', 'reproductive tract weight', 'chemical percentage intramuscular', 'exploring time dependent', 'record recurrent case', 'tbrd locus', 'xinghua chicken consistent', 'recently identified underlying', 'tunel snp potential', 'imf single', 'rs13687126 larger bwg', 'ovum tno', 'linkage group carrying', 'model 43', 'function anatomical location', 'bta14 total', 'gene assigned ssc10q14', 'involved maintaining barrier', 'tc cc genotype', 'compromised eggshell', 'specie objective present', 'analysis complex pedigree', 'country cause', '01 trait difference', 'insulin resistance', 'complex architecture', 'association salmonella', '001 individual snp', '4939 common', '512 chicken', 'reproductive longevity ineffective', 'animal iberian landrace', '0001 conclusion study', 'protein source', 'cm yield', 'ph value temperature', 'model approach', 'based genotypic correlation', 'snp 1141 simmental', 'association novel', 'cattle used marker', 'greater power instance', 'associated chicken afe', 'polymorphism gene expression', 'rhm chromosome association', 'pig chromosome ssc9', 'pre selected', 'spanning pig genome', 'population nellore bos', 'spw 106 cm', 'qtl mixed', 'ube3b transcript', 'infection status contrasting', 'itih itih', 'alternative mean control', '10 site', 'muscle mass pig', 'pig using', 'furthermore male female', 'polymorphism intron genotyped', 'indicating potential importance', 'allows regulation', 'chicken body composition', 'alternative allele revealed', 'thickness brahman', 'signaling pathway significantly', 'ilsts090 chromosome', 'knowledge polygenic nature', 'reflecting high', 'used multiple marker', 'observed polymorphism', 'proportion variance major', 'variant showed fecbb', 'ppara expression quantitative', 'gene polymorphism', 'population successful', 'met nominal significance', 'determine infected non', 'research development', 'model significant association', '425 snp', 'transcript mainly expressed', 'gene ifc analyzed', 'adjusted heteroscedasticity', 'muscle transcriptome data', 'worm count', 'behavioral qtl', 'ph15 gga2 revealed', 'horse carried detect', 'related trait massively', 'bta13 common', 'month yearling adg3', 'enable bovine', 'unique qtl', 'snp hapmap49848', 'lw bcs dmi', 'vital understanding', 'pecking genetically linked', 'furthermore lg', 'located chromosome associated', 'region man2b2', 'previously american', 'breed 100 breast', 'hormone stimulation', 'reanalyzed multiple', 'trait mp', 'meishan western', 'carried gwass', '10 rflp haeiii', 'heterozygous sire', 'transcriptional activity', 'skin wrinkle', '13 contained', 'existence haplotype', 'beef contributing better', 'prkga3 mutation', 'uterine epithelium', 'aimed evaluate', 'common pathway underlie', 'qtl reject causality', 'expression qtl ssc7', 'programme morphological', 'rh mapping qtl', 'birth breeding', 'eighteen qtl', 'mapping gwas approach', 'ultrasound ribeye area', 'tolerance cow infected', 'discussed result study', 'regulation actin', 'greatest test statistic', 'location animal summed', 'offer valuable', 'detection group 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'virus challenge', 'selected case control', 'variance thoracic vertebral', 'concern industry environmental', 'low positional concordance', 'marker chromosome used', 'mq trait estimated', 'fto influence', 'ala 15 bp', 'ai cnv', 'animal considering', 'number visit feeder', 'bioinformatics analysis quantitative', 'mineral sugar concentration', 'segregating population analyzed', 'level high throughput', 'area body size', 'wise basis', 'zealand nz', 'additional qtl eca4', 'known linkage disequilibrium', 'red pedigree', 'trophy status', 'trait impacting rln', 'group box family', 'identified putative signature', 'seven polymorphism production', 'included covariate level', 'wide screen qtl', 'vaccenic acid va', 'qtls eca2 48', 'qtl loin region', 'cluster pair cluster', 'gene bone trait', 'objective phenotype', 'snp crossed', 'study carried country', 'crh cocaine', 'tractable agonistic', 'framework beneficial', 'help understanding metabolism', 'heart fat kph', 'tg gene chromosomal', 'protein 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sheep', 'additional related locus', 'multivariate analysis recovered', 'wide significant suggestive', 'coagulation property mcp', 'leukotriene a4', 'confer ibk susceptibility', 'study focused identification', 'goldengate assay', 'landrace f2 intercross', '30 carcass unacceptably', 'limiting usefulness', 'suggested interesting', 'cm ssc6 respectively', 'mass spectrometry association', 'surpassing threshold', 'loin mc', '12 intramuscular', 'demonstrated haplotype association', 'dna sample collected', 'allele reported fertile', '16 significantly', 'muscle drumsticks thighs', 'located chromosome dominant', 'breed using nrr', 'detecting association', 'canchim cattle', 'locus qtl maternal', 'animal including chicken', 'rg lw', 'total carcass lean', 'protein percentage increase', 'variant candidate', 'trained panellist linear', 'family rear leg', 'breed including', 'consistent hypothesis chromosome', '928 fetus pregnant', 'ranking snp', 'clustered mammal major', 'promote higher milk', 'lpin1 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'analysis solar', 'ubr2 rpl7', 'understanding risk factor', 'pair difficult infer', '28 56 90', 'make effective use', 'marker 13 growth', 'qtl provide evidence', 'qtl reached genome', 'wwox plagl2 previously', 'task multiple', 'estrous cycle', 'initially identified linear', 'chicken e48 chicken', 'pig pietrain landrace', 'result daughter', '43w e43 egg', 'revealed beef cow', 'advantage ld', 'large data equivalent', 'chd1 rgmb riok2', 'performed nanyang', 'variance enssscg00000018823', 'trait canadian', 'chl_milk 41', 'northern ireland', 'high relevance detect', 'lpl gene investigated', 'reevaluate brahman', 'polygenic trait suggestive', 'independent association', 'mapped telomeric', 'slc44a5 pde4b', 'object test', 'ssc7 identical', 'proventriculus weight', 'burden detected bta14', 'cc fat thickness', 'snp left model', 'significant hit compared', 'variant explain substantial', 'fertility near centromere', 'family jointly linkage', 'greater weight snp', 's0214 affect', 'association analysis order', 'breeding caudal', 'single trait method', 'locus chromosomal region', 'breeding future research', 'balance health issue', 'significant dominance', 'associated 31', 'contribution variation', 'goal study fine', 'comprehensive study contributes', 'suggestive significance trait', 'jiaxian jx cattle', 'nesting myomax', 'h2 15 23', 'snp map3k5', 'conducted single multitrait', 'common haplotype', 'palmitic palmitoleic eicosadienoic', 'genome wide rapid', 'dairy east', 'difference major haplotype', 'induced guanylate binding', 'perform different', 'hanwoo commercial population', 'despite genetic', 'hypothesis appropriate test', 'fully understood', 'variant mt 381', 'variation ltn rtn', 'correction candidate gene', 'type iib ssc6', '11 qtl metabolic', 'group covering', 'se direct maternal', 'fecxgr fecxh', 'improve accuracy estimated', 'offspring rao affected', 'gga4 gga5 gga23', 'conclusion study presented', 'region 20', 'qinchuan cattle analyzed', 'using high density', '86 synonymous snp', 'pathway analysis interaction', '11 angularity chromosome', 'androstenone level intact', 'fi genomic region', 'phenotype using imputed', 'showed porcine', 'sex chromosome sex', 'entropion specific gene', 'follicle large', 'cross 565 record', 'prrsv vaccination 15', 'regression model implemented', 'altamurana gentile breed', 'cbg causal gene', '1e 07', 'quality cheese', '26 zfyve26 identified', 'significant rfi dmi', 'characterize associated', 'linkage npl analysis', '13 linkage', 'receptor ghrhr', 'industry great', '36 219 autosomal', 'milk performance trait', 'impact variation', 'rs13997812 ucp3 strongly', 'estimated parameter used', 'trait incidence clinical', 'granddaughter design resource', 'trait pigqtldb', 'linked early sexual', 'permutation strategy', 'prefer indigenous broiler', 'obesity mc4r', 'using direct', 'bone weight lower', 'suggesting dominance inheritance', 'dataset 1200 pig', 'result single nucleotide', 'pleiotropic model', 'significance additional 23', 'close region associated', 'scan udder', 'pure broiler line', 'obtained piglet', 'animal jb2', 'ascites syndrome', 'process 26 pcgs', 'na citrate content', '15 16 01', 'comprising rs14011783', 'gwas significance', 'phenotype candidate gene', 'qtls 05 seven', 'analysis detected 21', 'knowledge ovine genome', 'hsa 5q14', 'result result displayed', 'subfamily group', 'size small', 'aptitude retain high', 'analysis capn1 followed', 'fixation line current', 'reanalyzed multiple qtl', 'family member play', 'accurately defined', 'diagnosed treated previously', 'hub wish differentially', 'pof checked radiography', 'suggest refined qtl', 'tended heavier', 'indicator enzyme', 'boar region', 'weight 01 additional', 'remains unknown case', 'breed variation', '95 ci 27', 'breed native', 'genome wide relationship', 'fld dairy', 'behavior chicken', 'slightly significance', 'cbs pig', 'difference year', 'sus white line', 'friesian cow described', 'similarity difference examined', 'ccl2 rs41255713', 'associated medium long', 'effect adipose trait', 'igg igg1 igg2', 'increased bayesr', 'mechanism fecx mutation', 'physical distance mb', 'improved vaccine design', 'relationship unique feature', 'regulation lifetime', 'subtraits correspond qtl', 'diarrhoea genetic', 'influenced faecal egg', 'complex pedigree loki', 'iii infertility', 'assisted selection estimating', 'frequency economically', 'snp hmga2 snp', 'caecal core included', 'identified lmm', 'beef cattle japan', 'observed earlier', 'fat stronger', 'shortly birth proportion', 'infestation merino sheep', '29 23 ld', 'lipid biosynthesis', 'virus infection european', 'genotype maternal line', 'powerful identification', 'inherited haplotype', 'possibly affecting direct', 'snp chromosome specific', 'milk yield dmy', 'development based known', 'phenotyped seven', 'binding protein cpeb4', 'complex trait inadequacy', 'study performed based', '05 direction', 'p3 pi p2', 'crossbred steer xia', 'pathway hypothalamus 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'small genotype', 'role identifying', 'animal hetero', 'mutation cast', 'f2 sow displaying', 'variation fibre diameter', 'affecting egg white', '70 identified gga1', 'residual polygenic', 'susceptibility salmonella', 'composition organ', 'mar estimated', 'allele showed', 'bovine bco2', 'directly estimate association', 'ap 10', 'f2 population native', 'rump length hip', 'point 45 min', 'cm genetic distance', 'infects chicken causing', 'increase vertebra', 'snp 2449g', 'contributing ascites', 'dehydrogenases interconvert weak', 'finnish ayrshire fa', 'i199v associated', 'burden immune', 'cross ib', 'family using', 'fracture pig', 'associated utt backcrosses', 'specific coli finally', 'gene previously described', 'tnb number born', 'close approximation', 'weight affected locus', 'using genabel package', 'category conclusion identified', 'marker second', 'iap psap', 'mental capacity', 'sarda sheep', 'identified sus scrofa', 'informativeness family unaccounted', 'region showing sufficient', 'ala36thr insulin receptor', 'tdt transmission', 'consisting 301a', 'pig expression', 'weight tender', 'adapted environment', '19 21', 'body composition', 'generation experimental', 'phenotypic sd kg', 'taint component detect', 'transcript gene apob', 'development regulation ca2', 'egg egg', 'milk fat mapping', 'pecking laying hen', 'investigated study', 'sw2155 significant 05', 'background recent completion', 'identified exon exon', 'individual association correlation', 'total 37 significant', 'porcine protein', 'downstream analysis', 'period substantial', 'exon segregated qtl', 'marker rs29021868', 'male high fat', 'tcap highly', 'single marker genome', 'qtl epistatic pair', 'bf 39 020', 'requires knowledge genetic', 'sire bd', 'primary result', 'dorsets ass population', 'nme7 gene', 'sire log', 'adrb2 synonymous', 'ph1l thickness backfat', 'composed htr1b', 'difference roh estimated', 'lead loss', 'skip identified inositol', 'tubular diameter testosterone', 'allelic frequency panel', 'chicken genomic', 'middle gga5 increased', '180 used', 'high proportion', 'psmc1 encoding', 'tnf promotes inflammation', 'sc maternal', 'forward characterizing genetic', 'variation research', 'liver rna', 'mapped marker swr1343', 'result large genome', 'phenotypic data collected', 'genetic test disease', 'phenotypic trait genetic', 'separately addition', 'ch lm population', 'trait definition counting', 'regulatory role skeletal', 'fiber effect expected', 'onset puberty map', 'segregating population linkage', 'interacting qtl', 'growth multicellular organism', '56 90', 'holstein interval', 'selection animal', 'detected illinois', 'disease podotrochlosis', 'mutation additive', 'feed efficiency including', 'genetic mechanism regulating', 'marker chosen bovine', 'difference trait 002', 'point marker', 'tnb snp', '13 candidate', 'mapped using selectively', 'identified ph', '05 snp greater', '2203 6321', 'osteochondrosis developmental', 'qtl ssc1 confirmed', 'ugdh partly', 'closed 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association', 'oxidase maoa polymorphism', 'promising approach improving', 'performed using high', 'vertebra 44', 'bvd pi affected', 'acvr2a mrna', '63 10 respectively', '16 half', 'study international genetic', 'gwas method', 'level gene different', 'static qtl1', 'ssc11 ssc13', 'regulation hpa axis', 'discovering host defence', 'associated odds control', 'oc qtl eca18', 'suggest polymorphic', 'marker 54 000', 'safety welfare stockman', 'mechanism lipid', 'associated adg', 'identified chromosome qtls', 'mcp trait', 'pathogenesis eye', 'purpose chicken reference', 'quantitative real', 'detected bta1 bta11', 'cancer pig excellent', 'reflecting mothering', 'gain nanyang aged', 'resistance test', 'additional evidence', 'nematodirus fec', 'rate study genetic', 'dlg1 cga', 'human murine model', 'region trajectory 54', 'number born 288', 'polymorphism dna', 'number artificial insemination', 'accuracy prediction', 'sex 20', 'overall finding presented', 'ranged additive', 'novel promoter snp', 'snp assigned group', 'swine ep', 'qtl egg weight', 'haplotype claimed', 'denmark joint breeding', 'data benchmark improved', 'week age total', 'high twinning', 'identified selective dna', 'total 36 387', 'role pathway', 'significance single', 'biomarkers used improve', 'coverage total', 'posterior probability trait', 'bull h1h1 haplotype', 'association 194', 'bta14 replicated family', 'cross population 501', 'calving performance gene', 'largest single snp', 'rate correlated', 'shown significant association', 'texas carcass trait', 'included chip used', 'cattle included', 'circulating prolactin', '150 01', 'calving difficulty holstein', 'follicle morphogenesis', 'insight regarding source', 'amino acid phenylalanine', 'related qtl located', 'analyze data half', 'indicate ultrasound', 'linked muscle function', 'population primer flanking', 'gene evaluated candidate', 'trait observed gene', 'ca mg na', 'beadchip used perform', 'rt polymerase chain', 'trait partly', '22 day', 'haplotype 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'increasing carcass', 'prediction ability non', 'snp significantly suggestively', 'large fat deposition', 'impact bmp15 expression', 'absolute fat lean', 'significance 12 week', 'differentially expressed adult', 'outside region', 'fcr intake', 'detected phenotypic variance', 'possible association sperm', 'formed analysed gwas', 'trait study qtl', 'resistance locus coccidiosis', 'increased intensification worldwide', 'ssc7 significant qtl', 'biochemical examination', 'comprehensively map', 'polynomial coefficient feed', 'current work investigate', 'family genotyped 166', 'genomically enhanced estimated', 'kg fat', 'snp5 13307g', 'mean generalized quasi', 'chromosome lma detected', 'increased anai4', 'size growth', 'paper present', 'chromosome alga0022658', 'egg dark', 'genetically correlated milk', 'significance 05 tdt', 'variable normalized phenotypic', 'unit gene strategy', 'trait originally', 'important region chl_fat', 'adenoma gene', 'result 19 known', 'milking speed', 'novel qtls ssc6', 'qtl region ssc5', 'bta strongly associated', 'teat considerable negative', 'fat considered', 'cidec gene involved', 'refined position', 'statistical model lm', 'consensus dairy', 'effective use', 'mapped chromosome linkage', 'pcgs potentially', 'qtl region chromosome', 'calving conformation trait', 'compared lbt cab', 'epr measured', 'study conducted locate', 'study used aid', 'code tga', 'associated economic trait', 'identified amblyomma', 'inadvertent mating carrier', '10 22', 'recovery cheese', 'significantly higher monotocous', 'dag ceramide cer', 'sorf2 coexpressed', 'pig etec f41', 'used conjunction data', 'concentration milk h1', 'variant significantly', 'btb resistance test', 'kosher scoring', 'lack power qtl', 'pit growth', 'genomic variation analysis', 'temperament mt workability', 'associated highest number', 'analysis performed producer', 'factor sow longevity', 'ywt carcass weight', 'bta6 bta10 study', 'data available investigated', 'background low birth', 'castrated boar', 'significance distal gga5', 'ssc8 tnb', 'fpd aggressive peck', 'locus bayesian', 'analysis illumina', 'dominantly inherited white', 'cm providing excellent', 'assuming alternatively', 'like elongation long', 'rna adrb2 gene', 'variability number', 'ets transcription', 'bta 46960', 'locus affect calf', 'affected proportion number', 'qtl dense', 'maintained face natural', 'trait 779', '01 ewe', 'functional expression candidate', 'egwas identified', 'human 5p13', 'corpus luteum number', 'btb infection daughter', 'related trait proportion', 'population study multigenerational', 'included individual', 'liver mrna', 'meat beef production', '125 875 2e', 'white adipocyte', '01 study confirmed', 'gblup bayes', 'qtl female', 'score previously', '68 breed contained', 'utr edg1', 'locus udder trait', 'percentage 0014', 'influence underlying', 'research differentially', 'phenotype dense', 'fabp3 lipe igf1', 'udder health', 'fecxo fecxgr', 'polymorphism imprinting', 'origin trait', 'locus specific primer', 'growth investigated', '99 mortality', 'position epistasis qtl', 'bmp7 associated hyperpigmentation', 'trait main epistatic', 'regression bayesian approach', 'zoonotic tuberculosis tnf', 'sire linkage disequilibrium', 'xirp2 snp', 'yearling gene play', 'study qtl affecting', 'animal reference set', 'captured tag', 'factor klf', 'best knowledge research', 'closest mc1r', 'confirm qtl population', 'different pig population', 'ncapg expression placentomes', 'intron snp used', 'size shape', 'breed altogether vrtn', 'study popular', 'new opportunity', 'involved skeletal muscle', 'power limited', 'consisted 12', 'including semi', 'polymorphism explain', 'characterization functional candidate', '461 individual', 'cattle notably', 'showed strength', 'lg gene protein', 'genetic differentiation', 'chemistry component highly', 'risk alelle', '22 24', '19179 snp applying', 'analysis line', 'muscle mass', 'slaughter carcass composition', 'collagen cross', 'size 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increase', 'candidate gene present', 'tested alternative disease', 'difference actual dmi', 'study pinpointing', 'lameness record', 'highly polygenic nature', '284 white', 'derivative free', '155 cnvrs', 'standard procedure', 'method method analysis', '38 heritability', 'addition observation', 'underlying polyceraty studied', 'contained rambouillet polypay', 'sex character', '18 genome wide', 'acid composition longissimus', '1596 5678784a middle', 'generally improved association', 'marker tested help', 'clue explain', 'infected population resulting', 'important phenotypic', 'mapping model line', 'study expressional correlation', 'distance marker increased', 'previously localized quantitative', 'snp genetic relatedness', 'gene harness racing', 'quality milk', 'variability tnb', 'clearness uc used', 'law trait', 'migration porcine tgfbr1', 'growth mutation', 'overlap reported qtls', 'including egg weight', 'considered contrast', 'post translational', 'involved variation vertebral', 'qtl mutation mutation', 'significant npl', 'benefit combined analysis', '315t 327c identified', 'information prohibited', 'meat quality present', 'reported transversion mstn', 'data set containing', 'sequence data refined', 'male 22', 'illumina 50', 'treating ibk phenotype', 'family selected genotyping', 'enabled linkage disequilibrium', 'legged partridgelike', 'pork qtls fatty', 'developed create', 'compared aa', 'possible strategy', 'yorkshire 173', 'response qtl', 'zero binary', 'determine quantitative trait', 'effect associated early', 'qtl associated behaviour', '23 qtls small', 'similarly rs17196799 htr2a', 'selecting genotyping additional', 'demonstrate importance mirnas', 'influencing clinical', 'method detect ld', 'program marker', 'proliferation differentiation skeletal', 'region complex', 'spw 106', 'affecting bmp15', 'shown function', 'disease farm', 'decade japanese', 'ryr1 prkag3 causative', 'associated cardiovascular', 'leucine phenylalanine change', 'located intron alpha', 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'estimated gcta tool', 'lcorl biec2', 'peak fat cent', 'seq based differential', '64 432 snp', 'uterine infection antibiotic', 'weight cannon bone', 'lead chip snp', 'pair interacting locus', 'polymorphism 6th intron', 'haematocrit hem haemoglobin', 'underdevelopment ear condition', 'explaining variation lesion', 'pig chromosome determined', 'proportion progeny acop', 'expressed acth stimulated', 'sd ldla identified', 'appear common', 'sheep seasonally', 'represent significant hit', 'examine association polymorphism', 'present study screened', 'used genotype', 'assay developed determine', '01 86 phenotypic', 'gene region affecting', 'phenotype sourced', 'widespread use finnish', 'considerable additive', 'contigs anchored linkage', 'health performed', 'udder morphology health', 'depth shoulder fat', 'intron gene novel', 'disease coded affected', 'defined 100', 'illumina 600 snp', 'based 165', '10 sheep genome', 'study examination function', '23 conclusion', 'characterized dispersed white', 'herd repository population', 'information using gemma', 'safety environmental', 'snp bovine myogenic', 'snp altered predicted', 'improved marker', 'conditional analysis revealed', 'effect 53', 'expression meat', 'efficiently production consistent', '12 bull', 'gene region affect', 'total significant', 'population subsequently genome', 'affected aforementioned', 'native british isle', 'region 56 22', 'model implemented order', 'correlation pattern observed', 'primitive horse pph', 'resulted clearer boundary', 'role chromosome determination', 'superiority gaussian model', 'egg afe', 'gb data', 'backcross charolais', 'length metatarsus circumference', 'interval mapping located', 'surrounding likely qtl', 'significant variability', 'breed italian large', 'nr investigated present', 'onset locomotors', 'ratio method genome', 'selected 37 candidate', 'cross total', 'rg 31 15', 'sl9 shank diameter', '8kb mean maf', 'vertebra number hox', 'snvs csnvs experimental', 'tv mrna', 'phenylalanine tyrosine present', 'gradient selective genotyping', 'occurrence osteochondrotic lesion', 'explained 001 σ2p', 'genetic mechanism complex', 'piglet born snp', 'minpp1 lipj lipk', 'biology disease resistance', 'earless sheep', 'mapping population 53', 'gene genotype rs42670351', 'provide preliminary information', 'based approach identified', 'evidenced significant qtl', '39454 single nucleotide', 'sc trait used', 'tensor decomposition', 'light significance modulating', 'measure statement total', 'line 19 tibetan', 'advanced fsil', 'acid substitution remains', '10 399', '187 28', 'taint performed 938', 'undetected study', 'repress gene expression', 'significant linkage eca2', 'peak force', 'teat suggestively significant', '001 feed intake', 'average marker spacing', 'called genotyping', 'gene 18 candidate', 'm3 line genotyped', 'lc model mendelian', 'location presence', 'total 46', 'adult stature specie', 'yorkshire large white', 'using 881', 'lipid transfer domain', 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'immunized classical swine', 'rfi exceeded chromosome', 'capacity disease susceptibility', 'age harboured detected', 'c14 intramuscular', 'leukosis malignant', 'chicken chromosome seventeen', 'agreement gene', 'industry catfish', 'disease selective breeding', '7637 16963 study', 'gene 40', 'sib regression based', 'body conformation haplotype', 'heritabilities close', 'mean egg weight', 'evaluation detrimentally influencing', 'qtl confirmation', 'analysed using interval', 'polymorphism marker', 'polymorphism diacylglycerol acyltransferase', '1217 non', 'follicle hf', 'daughter genotyped', 'genetic composition', '311625843 ax 115099068', 'interpretation snp downstream', 'trib1 muscle', 'newly hatched', 'ile265val substitution effect', 'encephalopathy model hsp90aa1', '22 23', 'mch future', 'melanoma occurrence', 'second shearing addition', 'attributed meishan superior', 'peak result', 'reported associated rump', 'snp unweighted', '44 leukotriene', 'genetically superior animal', 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'noncoding rna lncrna', 'large sized native', 'qtl test 11', 'identified 313', 'showed specific health', 'af chromosome distal', 'dna repository cddr', 'lw marker ssc17', 'gave rise', '499 son', 'scan approaching significance', '21 different haplotype', 'age custom maximum', 'signal false association', 'heritabilities united', 'test result allowed', 'lesion genome wide', 'varied depending', 'linkage analysis', 'bta29 confirmed', 'significant qtl concentration', 'increase silverside', 'target sequence mir', 'cm _tef', '704 bull', 'suggestive linkage identified', 'animal welfare extremely', 'bvd pi bta2', 'reanalyzed data large', 'a430g t433g snp', 'product revealed', 'correlation ifc', 'preserved bos', 'complex host', '52 17', 'lowest immunocrits 470', 'percentage increase protein', 'porcine chromosome ssc1', 'recessive rock line', 'background sensitivity', 'chromosome region 30', 'confirms teat', 'showed single', 'variety genetic', 'produced scottish mule', 'increase carcass', 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chromosome', 'using chicken', 'gwas analysis genomic', 'harboring casein', 'chromosome haplotype m3', 'revealed haplotype', 'fto showed', 'strongest associated snp', 'respectively overall', 'population related backfat', 'cow milk similar', 'efficiency 37 40', 'ham phu combining', 'lactation trait', 'prevent birth', 'influence intramuscular', 'f2 animal 240', 'window calculated', 'asp pcr', '58 82 square', 'chick early feathering', 'terminal sire', 'gdf9 post translation', 'level autosome', 'slaughtered approximately 127', 'location refined qtl', 'repository cddr granddaughter', 'rate predicted transmitting', 'percentage eye muscle', 'snp effect animal', 'expression muc4', 'sperm density fresh', 'effect associated boar', 'genetic background pleuropneumoniae', 'elovl5 elovl6 elovl7', 'significant qtls carcass', 'detection carried french', 'detection main effect', 'region putative', 'repeated twice effect', 'serum concentration vivo', 'intense labor requirement', 'include feed', 'mutant allele', 'correlated transcript', '04 total', 'qtl located ssc5', 'rib number', 'carcass weight increased', 'individual hap9', 'adg validation', 'decreasing cbg', 'ratio backfat conclusion', 'run dna', 'sired progeny determined', 'chicken 60k high', 'daughter production', 'fabp gene 156', 'lactation order identify', '672c androstenone indole', 'fcr beef cattle', 'mapped linoleic', 'weight absent', 'castration young male', '186 progeny', 'advanced phase', 'led detection 59', 'feasibility targeting', 'determined 42 day', 'high pp', 'cl2 rib', 'located binding', 'quality defect', 'slaughtered approximately', 'sw1336 sw512', 'snp chicken leptin', '83 carcass marbling', 'splicing mechanism caused', 'vca using marker', 'candidate gene bac', 'animal detected altogether', 'difference beneficial', 'analyzing f2', 'breed western commercial', 'tmem68 transmembrane protein', 'database investigated', 'hen yellow', 'individual animal genetic', 'medial suspensory ligament', 'dmi 12', 'german holstein total', 'association 01 direct', '1111a allele originate', 'purpose higher marker', 'advantage fl', 'qtl associated birth', 'phosphatase skip identified', '23 percent', 'qtl economically important', 'methodology result using', 'solution issue', 'played bmp15', 'acid formed posttranslational', 'indel identified', 'based carcass', 'genotyped cau', 'furthermore strong', 'study routinely', 'disease cd emerging', 'fi fcr 05', 'gastrointestinal nematode molecular', 'marker sw2409', 'peak economically important', 'cattle occurring response', 'lpin1 stat1', 'shown reliable mean', '005 marker', 'r2 09 conclusion', 'scale information analyse', 'thickness human', 'heterozygous texel', 'study test contribution', 'meat respectively', 'affected female', 'long studied', 'slick breed', 'different result significantly', 'microrna qpcr result', 'study generated f2', 'finding marbling', '05 ssc13 01', 'confirm presence', 'developed broiler layer', 'pig breeding future', 'rigorously tested', 'abundance mineral sugar', 'network analysis using', 'juiciness fitm2 linked', 'respectively permutation test', 'appetite pig', 'nhi inbred line', 'positive negative qtl', '16 qtl identified', 'cow implies', 'greater carrier', 'data used localize', 'qtl determined permutation', 'gwas reanalysed', 'expression complex trait', 'genetic gain fertility', 'pp fp located', '36000 single', 'acceptance homozygous', 'rate ndv', '20 microsatellite marker', 'cattle dna sequencing', 'qtl including qtl', 'model specie', 'identify porcine', 'cassette sub', 'transduction immune', 'pvrl2_c 392g association', 'china genotype', 'model constructed', 'effect detected oar3', 'program study qtl', '09 22 finally', 'intrinsic limitation gwas', 'thickness rib dly', 'captured using', 'dh na se', 'meishan population', 'generation intercross berkshire', 'investigate chromosomal region', 'mutation body', 'percentage showed', 'investigate porcine', 'pig genetic', '503 bird interval', 'receptor gene f4acr', '190g showed', 'efficiency major', 'analysis combined', 'record related', 'model herd production', 'qtl consistent trait', 'identified synonymous snp', 'challenge revealed significant', 'disease breed', 'increased rapidly marker', '70k snp', 'circulating vaccenic acid', 'mechanism calcium homeostasis', 'mutation conclusion candidate', 'qtl unexpectedly ram', 'unique snp comb', 'type provide', 'family consistent ultrasound', 'including detection qtl', 'study showed parity', 'blood component measured', 'utilized study', 'alternative strategy needed', 'il 10', 'comparison epistasis', 'remaining snp', 'tissue specific hydroxysteroid', 'qtl region milk', 'joint population analysis', 'frequent cn', 'commercial population spanish', 'factor regulate response', 'nematode result study', '31 polymorphism', 'weight saleable', 'yield fgf8 005', 'problem human animal', 'rambouillet single', 'female breast', 'polymorphism horn morphology', 'density fresh sperm', 'future study', 'montbéliarde dairy', 'gxe interaction', 'fat μg matched', 'sequence porcine cart', 'region isolated', 'ruminant research result', 'localized ssc1', 'measurement addition mode', 'improvement targeted breeding', 'daily feed', 'piglet ability', 'million record', 'independent commercial breeding', 'interspecific hybrid suggesting', 'fiber trait result', 'mb mapped result', 'adrb1 adrb3 adrb1', 'model additive qtl', 'picture identifiable qtl', 'confirmed significant', 'pig population respectively', 'protein level cow', '617 kb', 'data estimated parameter', 'response lipid', 'snp significant effect', 'total 315', 'bovinesnp50 beadchip tm', 'snp64 significantly associated', 'mating carrier animal', 'oncogene meq', 'study confirms resistance', 'effect joint', 'qtls affecting bone', 'weight muscle fat', 'cross f1 lamb', 'correction values seven', 'trout oncorhynchus mykiss', 'identified gga2 comparison', 'mapping target', 'allele significantly', 'breeding program following', 'adrb3 mutation', '2013 perform', 'aggressive pecking', 'white black spotting', 'revealed novel', 'boar 240 day', 'effect explained', 'crest trait', 'height chest circumference', 'insr 589c 70', 'transcription identify', 'generation offspring f2', 'corepressor ncor1 addition', 'affected muscle development', 'test multiple', 'testing used', 'different qtl trait', 'type 562g 3112c', 'genetic control knowledge', 'mummified pig qtl', 'mir candidate gene', 'association known polymorphism', 'using marker trace', 'investigated parameter total', 'using partial correlation', 'strongest signal', 'function result indicate', 'copy number change', 'selection resistance mastitis', 'line single', 'showed allele frequency', 'snp caused amino', '88 mb', 'human cnvr', 'healthy condition', 'identified small insertion', 'variant upstream region', 'derived regulator', 'sexually precocious animal', 'heat shock transcription', 'carcass length pig', 'cause female', 'dr total 19', 'scale herd subset', 'relatively common congenital', 'animal declining', 'age 300 462', 'evaluated putative', 'perspective result meaningful', 'weight cohort 1540', 'cow selected based', 'identified contain quantitative', 'tlum nucleus', 'milk somatic', 'variation genetic study', 'cheese recently', 'hd bovine', 'using polymerase chain', 'similar magnitude', 'relationship genotype individual', 'intake unit', 'blup applied disease', 'chicken strain revealed', 'mass statistically', 'gene identified close', 'qtl modeled', 'contains mutation', 'affected commercial egg', 'carrier compared', 'observed snp haplotype', 'case ibk', 'population selectively bred', 'industry term', 'confirm genetic effect', 'bp sequence intron', '34 snp significantly', 'sib family arq', '82 square analysis', 'expression level pcr', 'selected proportion', 'bta1 10 11', 'mrna expression detected', 'feed efficiency measured', '96 sheep', 'data analyzed include', 'fat ph24h shear', 'holstein intragenic haplo', 'polymorphism closely', 'regression approach suggested', 'total 41 151', 'feasible way revealing', '18 13', 'variance explained hmga2', 'resistance negative effect', 'evaluated effect meat', 'linked early', 'locus mb region', 'imprinting mendelian', 'gene environmental factor', 'intercept effect close', 'maturity immune', 'tissue ray attenuation', '550 controls', 'using 1207 snp', 'trait remaining trait', 'gene affecting fatty', 'palmar plantar osseous', 'discovery sheep susceptibility', 'jacob sheep navajo', 'based relationship', 'largest chromosome', 'understand functional', 'gene panel unrelated', 'suitable candidate gene', 'gain average', 'snp tex11', 'development disease mouse', 'experimental animal', 'lack power', 'type relative', 'performed egwas identified', 'gene previous study', 'snp snp ghrl', 'effect calf mortality', 'em qtl detected', 'taurus snp', 'expectation maximization lasso', 'gwas gblup', '90 hspcb hsp90', 'aqp11 cooking loss', 'ocd intermediate', 'quantify strength', 'secretion triglyceride rich', 'fit time', 'using japanese black', 'qtl associated carcass', '17g 114g caused', 'pig experimental procedure', 'subunit fosl2', 'daily gain daily', 'min ltl', 'trait including sperm', 'analysed 322', 'transcript expressed mammary', 'breed covering wide', 'qtl underlying complex', 'exceeded genomewise significance', 'confirm relevance igf2', 'controlled condition 170', 'count indicator trait', '18 detected', 'parental population qtl', 'sib daughter family', 'evaluated small', 'genetic variance percentage', 'study using 57k', 'diameter 25', 'effect improved lasso', 'cattle saa2', 'gene addition', 'bovine population provides', 'snp middle sliding', 'result hg', 'md gene', 'used improve performance', 'indicated slc45a2', 'adult sheep used', 'ssc8 c16', 'linkage test', 'german fleckvieh cattle', 'insufficient detect common', 'result used 38', 'prl gene screened', 'protein structure validated', 'highly desirable', '305 lactation', 'gene expression milk', 'identified strong association', 'responsible salmonella', 'consisted gas', 'coli finally qtl', 'formed posttranslational', 'gh gene evaluated', 'haplotype haplotype chromosome', 'acop performed', 'genotyped 182', 'snp zebu breed', 'causal variant study', 'future work', 'formation described', 'chicken breed ctsd', 'identified m1', '42 result', 'association small effect', 'lm quantitative', '23 microsatellite marker', 'ketosis lactation sck1', 'region trib1 untranslated', '290 620 snp', 'age raspf7', 'following fo', 'sutai laiwu', '23 926', '866 712', 'dairy production solution', 'pig exhibit', 'zo microrna', 'local shandong', 'purebred merinoland ml', 'general model', '636a substitution widely', 'em blasso analysis', 'genetic data recorded', 'weight qtl addition', 'previous qtls study', 'silverside percentage cattle', 'including marker located', 'using variance component', 'chicken linkage group', 'variance snp', 'trait broad', 'sample total 194', 'goatsnp50 beadchip illumina', 'respectively current usda', 'snp marker hmga2', 'structural soundness trait', 'studied important', 'bp lowest', 'polymorphism milk protein', 'parity crossbreds', 'lm cross', 'qinchuan beef', 'region 12', 'estimate detection pleiotropic', 'extensively used', 'eu pig used', 'understanding regulatory mechanism', 'map sex specific', 'program animal', 'sudden accumulation', 'difference age onset', 'genotype disease salmonella', 'gene differentially distributed', 'apoptotic pathway intracellular', 'limitation developed random', '447a snp duroc', 'result quantitative trait', 'sperm concentration', 'study outbreak fowl', 'candidate nucleotide metabolism', '68 mb', 'make candidate gene', 'gradient respiratory', 'weaning weight wwt', 'difficult clearly link', 'estimated searching maximum', 'using linkage', 'standard association test', 'animal data', 'domestic line selected', 'fitted random', 'industry effective', '87 genetic', 'depth mammary rnaseq', 'lod 04 respectively', 'additional half', 'production ovulation', 'response mastitis', 'cryptic allele expression', 'significantly larger loin', 'trait present result', 'indicating gene control', 'identified effect growth', 'individual association', 'variance explained detected', 'individual paternal', 'regressed breeding value', 'thawing cooking', 'igf1 association', 'td respectively', 'cluster novel snp', '1180 progeny based', 'basis seven gene', 'mcw0106 marker chicken', 'qtl effect production', 'challenge analysis', 'snp genotyping panel', 'total 25 haplotype', 'backcross family rainbow', 'sequence analysis kit', 'ulceration cornea perforation', 'fkbp6 associated iar', 'site serve', 'previous chromosomal assignment', 'equivalent cc 600', 'expression information used', 'measured analyzed adjustment', 'tissue restricted gene', '28 study explore', 'associated twinning', 'meishan breed showing', 'peak ultrasound', 'higher score genotype', 'identified trait significantly', 'semen trait crucial', '20 genome wide', 'concordant candidate', 'allow additional application', 'biological control aggression', 'compared 50', 'ddx47 tcf9', '100 kbp abca12', 'improve understanding biology', 'dd compared', 'gene product regulates', 'protect heterologous challenge', 'mb 37 38', 'kg se 056', 'association protein composition', 'polymorphism causal', 'given coat', 'effect chicken pnpla3', 'stress neuroendocrine', 'kb retrogene copy', 'fertility involved steroidogenesis', 'different based', '527 imputed snp', 'detected f2 experimental', 'pig commercial', 'additional 495 individual', 'time involve', 'gh gene gh1', 'trait ci 20', 'array necessary', 'weight qtl gga1', 'lg bb associated', 'trait disease resistance', 'subtypes accurately reveal', 'milk fa component', 'prkag3 gg genotype', 'gene good', 'future marker assisted', 'deviation haplotype kg', 'qinchuan cattle used', 'rs107856757 rs107856818 rs107856856', 'signaling significant', 'suggesting interpretation based', 'polymorphism polymorphism', 'male 24 landrace', 'net feed efficiency', 'background result demonstrate', 'confirmed nordic red', 'affect level sex', 'footrot status performed', 'estimate genomic heritability', 'rump width', 'pig fto influence', 'candidate used', 'total 18 qtl', 'increasing cwt ema', '10 cm 00', 'majority 86', 'f2 resource', 'official performance', 'allele 51', 'antitumor mechanism suggesting', 'qtlr include', 'cascade gene', 'population additional', 'susceptibility btb provides', 'control approach', 'performed variety logistic', '17 19 24', 'general effect', 'specifically map quantitative', 'healing activity', 'enabled conduct genome', 'comprehensive genome', 'puberty onset', '29 autosome', 'reasonable number marker', 'mg chl', 'included nonsynonymous snp', 'including functional', 'chromosome identified potentially', 'associated lma ssc18', 'bridging breakpoint present', 'consisting 15', 'background improving pork', 'region mediterranean', 'higher adg italian', 'expenditure divergent artiodactyl', 'sampling variance estimated', 'influencing muscle weight', 'parity trend', 'population average curve', 'expected qtl', 'histocompatibility complex region', 'semispinalis lean', 'single fatty acid', 'genetic selection immunocompetence', '17 paternal half', 'h1 98 20', 'xxiv alpha identified', 'frequent cause lameness', 'belonging 112', 'apoptosis response mycobacterial', 'kg reduced fat', 'gene expression independently', 'mortality homozygous state', 'mb 46', '30 observed', 'cell mediated cytotoxicity', 'snp 50k', 'trait hoxa', 'chemokine involved neutrophil', 'fecal culture elisa', 'panel used', 'measured cross bird', '7192 significant', 'high statistical', 'landrace hampshire', 'trait effect', 'scanning muscle', '07 kg', 'segregating united', 'underlying subtraits uterine', 'ph15 gga1', 'dif bayes', 'gwas 600', 'revealed snp position', 'pthlh expressed', 'gallbladder weight lgw', 'superovulation response mutation', '360 progeny broiler', 'association 2836 ear', 'holstein bull interval', 'stratification mapping', 'cg genotype heterosis', 'linked common', 'analysis showed seven', 'increase live', 'island hirta st', 'maturity rate 23', 'meat quality characteristic', 'structure growth', 'fabp excluded', 'genome key ancestor', 'pietrain family sample', 'previously genotyped marker', 'distributed horse', 'confirmed favorable', 'sheep multiple', 'acid content duroc', 'energy obtained', 'animal year period', 'pig pig', 'kinship matrix estimated', 'adjusted postweaning', 'causal factor region', 'affect dairy cattle', 'en egg laying', 'population prior', 'objective trait addition', 'gnas domain associated', 'increasing type', 'understand akr1c gene', 'age seven 167', 'incidence mastitis', 'sequencing testis danish', 'total score', 'covering 135 cm', 'abundance detected small', 'data split consider', '07 lumbar fat', 'qtls come missing', 'verify qtl', 'white leghorn survivor', 'relevant trait collected', 'superfamily play', 'muscle fiber ssc2', 'matrix simulation', 'synthesis polyamines', 'carcass quality', 'castrated boar genotyped', '132 haplotype', 'condition viral subtypes', 'disagreement particularly', 'addition antibody', 'described genetic', 'plink version 07', 'chromosome 24', 'gene fatness', 'variation antibody', 'qtl regulating erythroid', 'pure line population', 'percentage motile spermatozoon', 'factor inhibin', 'relationship egg trait', 'alternative strategy', 'ovis_aries_v3 released', 'hypothetical ibd', 'involved heredity bcse', 'analysis wool trait', 'percentage bmcpc bone', 'detected gnaq gene', 'association informative qtl', 'map infection objective', 'measured cross', 'septicemia catfish', 'associated milk fa', 'genotype body', 'interval analysis animap', 'south west', 'contrast 21 additional', 'shank length chest', 'sheep data consistent', 'various marker', 'intron 12', 'observed array', 'critical piglet', 'proteolysis analysis total', 'affecting mineral', 'qtl result showed', 'array 600 estimate', 'genetic selection improved', 'nd global', 'association ph1', 'analysis mmra total', 'consumption high', 'potentially contribute', 'qtl available 814', 'study detected genetic', 'attained genome wide', 'm4 model', 'selected overlap', '226 novel mutation', 'significantly associated pleurisy', 'hct haemoglobin', 'set analyzed classical', 'wl77 additional highly', '34 dam', 'cestode parasitism', 'phenotypic md variation', 'empirical data analysis', 'locus regression ldrm', 'va desaturase d9d', '10 common expression', 'cluster significant snp', 'identified chromosome genomic', 'genotyped using polymerase', 'gland change', 'increase lean', 'yellower milk', 'line permutation sliding', 'rate ccr', 'ssc13q41 marker sw207', '1of ugdh significantly', 'homozygous genotype', 'list significant snp', 'report detect snp', 'detected blood chimera', 'carriers 49', 'created phenotypic difference', 'downstream candidate gene', 'pallister hall syndrome', 'empirical 05 snp', 'survival problem heterozygote', 'total 41 427', 'association previously', 'versus pleiotropic', '130 163', 'breed crossbreed', 'vaccine adjusting multiple', 'marker rs268273468 capra', 'duroc derived pig', 'values obtained', 'horse absent panel', 'evident symptom dwarfism', 'lld individual', 'cattle comparison', 'associated various', 'genetic variance linear', 'bfgl ngs 104610', '14 36 located', 'imf 23 04', 'difficulty direct maternal', 'length tail width', 'addition qtl', 'percentage marker dik2291', 'qtl effect data', 'identifying causative variant', 'distribution shanxi', 'trait recorded 292', 'gene responsible qtls', 'locus eosinophil', 'qtl allelic variant', '2708 offspring linear', 'effect cyp11b1', 'fcr reported', 'evaluation study 12', 'gain adg body', 'influencing protein', 'lead better tasting', 'predict characteristic', 'hox gene family', 'nematodirus spp', 'application correlation genome', 'gene year', 'collected bw gain', 'growth factor encoding', 'level prlr', 'cow kept 58', 'effect boar taint', 'pathway serum concentration', 'similar magnitude 11', 'subset 19', 'platform high', 'reduce carcass fat', 'associated numerous alteration', 'centromere 13', 'performance trait resulting', 'line consistently', 'fiber diameter shear', 'performed explore genetic', 'eth10 dik5248 silv', 'defect study required', 'trait analysed', 'le rib', 'family 291', 'rumen intestine', 'behaviour inactivity novel', 'led high statistical', 'trait low moderate', 'quality trait economically', '11 22 antral', 'cg snp', 'comparing multi', 'highly significant nominal', 'negative compared individual', 'chromosome selected informativeness', 'associated post weaning', 'negative effect prolificacy', 'snp equidistantly', '11 horse order', 'coloration hematocrit plasma', 'using multiple trait', 'cie cie cie', 'age body', 'change meat color', 'containing 1622', 'grouped control epl', 'tcf9 tpte2 epha5', 'taint main reason', 'selected based proximity', '09 genetic', 'pin nipple detected', 'qtl express software', 'ttn ltn rtn', 'lifetime total', 'animal model association', 'content genotyped fish', 'region present', 'htt kcnh7', 'proximity mapped linoleic', 'breed analysis indicated', 'trait incidence', 'representing sire seven', 'compared ct 92', 'heritability 12 04', 'boar taint potential', 'body frame size', 'hap1 hap2 resolved', 'subset population result', 'backfat thickness detected', '17122a 17507a 17575a', 'hspcb hsp90', 'gwas approach 10', 'growth stage revealed', 'identified ssc7 region', 'shank color domestic', 'fat significantly greater', 'snp influence', 'population causing', 'boar intercross', 'lab loin', 'eqtl region', 'interacting locus identified', 'appropriate approach', 'measure breeding', 'csn1s1 screened polymorphism', 'pattern observed chromosome', 'body weight age', 'site mirna', 'test performed determine', 'candidate gene disease', 'crimp 05 snp4', 'interval based', 'sequencing allowed identification', '87 physical', 'physiological underpinnings', 'recombination rate', 'scan f2', 'trait varied 03', 'rm188 implemented', 'called bayesb', 'advancement quantitative', 'hormone gene play', 'information enhance', 'followed sequencing allele', 'new qtl associated', 'selective pressure demonstrating', 'chicken addition', 'cie ssc16 carcass', 'cow test association', 'ppargc1a subsequently', 'significance threshold suffolk', 'transcription regulation metal', 'calpastatin cac', 'work constructed high', 'detected birth weight', 'snp wise association', 'understanding porcine skin', 'significant difference cc', 'exhaustive catalogue polymorphic', 'spp1c 1301g affected', 'heritabilities qtl', '10 igf2 snp', 'influencing fertility calving', 's0073 s0214', 'association validated single', 'economically favorable allele', 'routine sire evaluation', 'pcr rflp polymorphism', 'phenotypic genotypic difference', 'showed higher slaughter', 'lm 38', 'wide error probability', 'concentration highly significant', 'chicken causing neurological', 'snp int9 snp', 'oxidation considered', 'improve selective', '001 c19orf42 tmem38a', 'brown grade', 'different horse', 'cdna abomasal lymph', 'contained 17', 'electropherograms quality control', 'mb 119 mb', 'carrier ewe', 'genome level snp', 'qtl mapping conducted', 'function represent molecular', '322 lw', 'identified growth carcass', 'significance level chromosome', 'cortisol level pig', 'improve genetic mastitis', 'quality control 36', 'qtl affecting palatability', 'disease selectively', 'genotype capns', 'rs80971725 ssc14 appeared', 'depth bde', 'compared hbt', 'association fastmremma integrative', 'statistical analysis based', 'gene dock7 trait', 'val younger', 'fabp psmc1', 'qtl influencing meat', 'femur weight tibia', 'gene edn3', 'detected explaining genetic', 'trait influence mothering', 'vitro adhesion test', 'case su 152', 'soundness trait total', 'tg ssc11', 'lower concentration beta', 'rs41694656 located exon', 'quantitative trait eqtl', 'titer binding lta', 'used charolais holstein', 'architecture affected multiple', 'characterized blue shelled', 'pecking laying', 'sire haplotype', 'size norwegian', 'mb harbored cluster', 'individual scottish', 'gpihbp1 protein', 'bta3 annexin protein', 'ucp3 core', 'genotype animal seven', 'rt 17 24', 'sire analysis', 'clinical mastitis included', 'grazing condition', 'gene pcgs associated', 'analyze detected', 'unsaturated medium chain', 'coding snp 785', 'cm distance csn1s1', 'weight sexual', 'psi tt model', 'sheep conclusive', 'immunoglobulins serum ammonium', 'gene structured exon', 'appearance trait chicken', 'version used', 'population consisting holstein', 'gene tef1', '162 106 conclusion', 'trait closer pathological', 'insemination required', '105 day gestation', 'previous study mapped', 'based animal', 'poultry directly relevant', 'abundance msc', 'power behavioral', 'proviral concentration', 'understand genetic control', 'suggest dominant', 'common gene', 'cm ssc1', 'score snp17 associated', 'parametric linkage analysis', 'rs132699547 rs135423283 rs135576599', 'approach genomic', 'lactation confirm common', 'content drip loss', 'desire functionally relevant', 'variety analysis', 'conducted total 675', 'mouse human evidence', 'rfi based', 'analysis raw weight', 'background host', 'breed charollais ile', 'intake pig identified', 'trait detecting association', 'meat chicken', 'region molecular marker', 'regression analysis showed', 'gene qtl analyzed', 'identified exon', 'contained previously', 'reproduction comparison ongoing', 'susceptibility porcine pleuropneumonia', 'qtl 10 reproductive', 'belgian draft horse', 'mentioned pathogenic', 'marker including novel', 'rate dpr identified', 'ability 705', 'significance 24 week', 'data commercial founder', 'incubation period sheep', 'lesion pleurisy score', 'process estimate', 'define boundary', 'association objective', 'qtl using', 'ratio muscle backfat', 'ssc6 ssc8', 'architecture utr affect', 'correlation ranged', 'production trait mycoplasmal', 'osteochondrosis sport horse', 'duplication include au', '13 indicates relationship', 'encoding phosphodiesterase 1b', 'staple strength', 'gene v6a v33a', 'wide level identified', 'sub saharan', 'variance clinical mastitis', 'equine snp50 beadchip', 'minimum false positive', 'ssc2 ssc10 favourable', 'support new model', 'ncapg ile442met', '0003 cast', 'variance explained individual', 'genomic blup procedure', 'autosome bta 12', 'scan comprised 251', 'respectively frequency minor', 'enormous economic', 'porcine chori', 'anchored high density', 'large animal', 'broad scale', 'weight modeled', 'marker added', 'multigenerational resource population', 'level riboflavin 93mg', 'study based known', 'accuracy genomic prediction', 'convincingly associated trait', '60 mbp candidate', 'data establishment', 'bull scored', 'injection nesfatin food', 'animal tested', 'csn3 highest fat', 'ssc3 ssc4', 'respond infection', 'presence pleiotropic qtl', 'nucleotide polymorphism chromosome', 'background lymphocyte', '250 f2 progeny', 'causative mutation underlying', '10 comparing', 'detected seven different', 'coatomer protein', 'effect antagonistic', 'provided consistent result', 'favorable allele', 'pigmentation shank', 'frame exon skipping', 'dc dd', 'snp60 genotype data', 'accounted additive genetic', 'maoa grin1', 'yield adjusted', 'scanning qtl trait', 'bacterial load quantified', 'grandparent genotyped 24', 'f4acr mapped', 'moderate small effect', 'coding variant', 'sire performing', 'mc4r meat quality', 'numerous quantitative', 'variance explained 10', 'region evidenced', 'ipn respectively suggesting', '446 slaughtered', 'model analysis employed', 'effect bft observed', 'affect draft', 'result using bonferroni', '33 119', 'provide specific', 'straightforward aim', 'follow study', 'analysis using total', 'population 288 revealed', 'useful investigation key', 'pig testis', 'variance revealed', 'relevant annotated', 'generation nucleus herd', 'study identify candidate', 'generation using', 'vertebra potential applied', 'trait nsb1 nsb2', 'increase resolution qtl', '576 informative', 'morphologically variant rbc', 'design genetic', 'haplotype lp1', 'gdf9 promoter variant', 'analysis total 867', 'family qtl', 'antibody mapped ssc7', 'phenotype fine mapping', 'cattle wald', 'dominance variance locus', 'infection variant', 'pc measure level', 'female used calculate', 'new distributed horse', 'qtl dominant finding', 'selected 918 daughter', 'mastitis jersey holstein', 'ability related milk', 'involved complex genetic', 'expression muscle reduce', 'considered qtl', 'american jurisdiction individual', 'respectively observed heterozygosity', 'muscular development', 'known fp qtl', 'immune response region', 'gg homozygous', 'conceive maintain pregnancy', 'major qtl ssc7', 'ai 56', 'analyzed using square', 'encodes transcript muc13a', 'expressional correlation', 'family size 70', 'texel commercial', 'region capable explaining', 'expression prlr late', 'important factor assessing', 'marker genotype reported', 'basis early', 'different mendelian model', 'snp porcine gpihbp1', 'ubl5 retn', 'responsible economically important', 'chl_milk respectively', 'chicken gaining attention', 'iia ssc2 minolta', 'significance encode', 'investment determining genetic', 'adg ag pig', 'kbp body', 'cidec gene analyze', 'detected oar3 result', 'age lyw', 'design total 155', '45 kg identified', 'duroc berlin miniature', 'involvement domestication', 'trait respectively different', 'simple interval mapping', 'linear model', 'algorithm statistical significance', 'associated cyp1a2', 'refined using 53', 'difficult multifactorial', 'qtl explain', 'ssc12 ssc16', 'located distal end', 'overlapped linkage', 'population inconsistent', 'purpose serum', 'benefit improve understanding', 'snp vstm1', 'try reduce', 'nutrient energy recovery', 'value tnb nba', 'lifetime parity', 'association beef quality', 'gr gene nr3c1', 'iii evaluate power', 'marker bracket', 'trait measured total', 'complex trait estimated', 'information sufficient genetic', 'pig purpose', 'efficiently improve', 'carotene biochemistry fundamental', 'growth 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individual using', 'increased loin', 'canadian angus cow', 'procedure selected', '21 breed specific', 'probable location', '37 40 week', 'enzyme transcription factor', '638a 465c', 'involved reproductive', '23 associated', 'lamb slaughter', 'slc9a3r1 result', 'tdt mixed', 'alive total weight', 'improved identification predictive', 'fiber decreasing', 'marchigiana breed', 'snp 888g', 'model gene', 'thbs2 shh ptprt', 'abdominal fat deposition', 'allele broiler', 'haplotype genomic region', 'compared previous', 'centromere near gene', 'association heterozygosity btb', 'wide scan revealed', 'aa animal', 'related mastitis mb', 'reproductive physiology', 'tissue implying potential', 'genetically uncorrelated feature', 'quality trait cattle', 'associated fatness estimated', 'fine mapping gene', 'gain pre', 'sheep genotyped illumina', 'gene evaluate extent', 'ncccwa population window', 'region chromosome 28', 'pleurisy lamb', 'region involved resistance', 'walking horse twh', 'laminitis fgf12 endometritis', '20 performed trait', 'association performed chinese', 'qtl region region', 'nature feed', 'chromosome bta4 21', 'acid accession fj515744', 'ii positive', 'qtls located lei0079', 'ednrb candidate', 'gene chromosome 16', 'length femoral', 'inside evolutionary', 'qtl calving trait', 'strong linked lay', '20 cm confidence', 'response criterion', 't32742468c sh3gl2', 'acid trait 81', 'domesticated white leghorn', 'located nucleotide position', 'day 240 pig', 'large normal horn', 'mcat pc able', 'level addition 53', 'zebu taurine cattle', 'autosome total 27', 'art snp', 'lung antibody', 'precise mechanism', 'significance 184 11', 'danbred durocs 11', 'ugdh suggested potential', 'gene grm4', 'strategy beef cattle', 'trait dairy', 'sex dependent', 'depot controlled pig', 'stress highly', 'trait rfi', 'program genetic diversity', 'threshold putative', 'eliminate boar taint', 'content fat', 'additive effect case', 'gm specific result', 'associated 17', 'confirmed using variance', 'candidate genomic', '21k transcribed', 'pedigreed population 1343', 'association snp phenotype', 'effect reciprocal', 'welfare reason genetic', '05 62 mb', 'porcine prkag3', 'cm gm redness', 'individual parent purebred', 'gwas meta analysis', 'bw feed', '273 bp exon', 'number litter sow', 'near slaii complex', 'variance components', 'genomic relationship taken', 'analysis variable', 'variant associated rfi', 'identified potential regulator', 'control genotyped 600', '60k beadchip genome', 'effect odc', 'level 20 sensory', 'available thousand', 'line based', 'lamb logarithm', 'useful index', '50 standard', 'causal variation', 'length human', 'development related', 'effect prkag3', '456 ip 1049', 'datasets trait control', 'marker 18 autosomal', 'gga1 gga3 qtl', 'snp fit', 'nutritional value', 'finding showed', 'sc provides', 'male mediated', '01 snp ucp2', 'ww lyw data', 'wg21 42', 'conclusion study report', 'ca multitrait animal', 'status genetics', 'identified conclusion efficient', 'marginal epistatic', '19 26', 'ugdh gene involved', '10 calculated using', 'breast bone', '5476th bp', 'showed 255g', 'weakness pig', 'control genome wide', 'eye area meat', 'dermatitis cpd', 'model various', 'improve pig', 'marker studied', 'gene mtpn hydin', 'genotyped 109 horse', 'abnormal development canales', 'cattle reported affect', 'industry recommended', 'age 36', 'assaf sheep', 'ketosis north', 'knc resource population', 'record nba', 'genotyping test developed', 'mg milk', 'mixed inheritance', 'qtl protein percentage', 'relationship evaluated', 'cattle china pcr', 'conserved hect', 'fv animal', 'le human', 'value dopamine', '248 cm', 'appeared additive', 'gene tested dgat1', 'marker showed suggestive', 'detected previously using', 'fine mapping work', 'genotype available study', 'marker covariate', 'overexpression wild', 'region discussed', 'respectively 205g', 'virus challenged', 'locus cm', 'bovine mfa', 'quality objective', '74 cm 16', 'inconclusive reactor skin', 'fowl identify', 'polar overdominance pod', 'established commercial', 'reported haplotype', 'studied sample', 'androstenone dna 000', 'contrast analysis olp', 'eighty holstein sire', 'sscp genomic dna', 'scanned using ray', 'showed ctsk marker', 'trait useful', 'shear force sensory', 'length bta2 bta6', 'scored presence', 'sheep rhm', 'illumina ovine infinium', 'human understanding', 'sequence mammal specie', '50k chip best', 'haplotype containing allele', 'egg count avfec', 'male herd f2', 'using sa', 'cross occurred', 'transition period', 'involved complex', 'significant avpcv', '28 body', 'investigated 554', 'mapping oar3', 'coincided previously', 'gwas imputed sequence', 'leghorn chicken', 'contributes muscular hypertrophy', 'fit test', 'snp omega pufa', 'min ph respectively', 'depending trait animal', 'involved differential response', 'model data reanalyzed', '10 gene expression', '155 meat', 'bull bull', 'method ldrm combined', 'tew tep g16', 'composition marker assisted', 'reproductive phenotype', 'hock oc equus', 'addition single marker', 'using 95 highest', '42 bos indicus', 'necessitated statistical correction', 'sequencing marker 5147', 'program developing country', 'cm distance sw2456', 'trait report identification', '01 05', 'breeding organization recent', 'respectively lewontin c4535156t', 'qtl trait specific', 'statistical significance case', 'human chromosome 10p15', 'vitro expression assay', 'analysis estimated average', 'including senepol', 'oar1 using', 'provide useful starting', 'scd gene understanding', 'design genome', 'mode inheritance using', 'identified study reflecting', 'mutation especially', 'content backfat', 'performed chinese holstein', 'salmonella tested', 'trait performing line', 'adrb1 adrb2 adrb3', 'disequilibrium analysis sire', 'pool sire pool', 'boar taint liver', 'contour navicular bone', 'investigation key', 'seq data collected', 'phenotype dongxiang', 'snp hmga1', 'model horn', 'linked sw344', 'value examined', 'lower 10 included', 'gemma emmax', 'fbxo32 gene 1313', 'ham salami lard', 'help understanding evolution', 'proximity population', 'homozygous region', 'susceptibility respiratory', '01 chicken', 'greater potential selection', 'centre brandon manitoba', 'fam110b thymocyte selection', 'human mouse similarly', 'skeletal development', 'component combined', 'different previously', 'associated lifetime', 'genetic variant underlying', 'gene individual tissue', 'w80x rdhe2 variant', 'performed beef cattle', 'marbling warner bratzler', 'week fitting', 'allele ebv', 'pig offer', 'palatable meat meat', '10ralpha aat', 'using imputed', 'suspensory ligament', 'chromosome support fine', 'transcription stat1 chosen', '03 fifth parity', 'asreml mixed', 'week growth rate', 'value effect', 'bird selected', 'rs415580501 rs410336647 rs424642424', 'showing cis', 'blindness corrected mammalian', 'investigated pcr sscp', 'dairy cattle combined', 'different region bta19', 'genomic location 231', 'fattened traditional free', '10 snp set', 'model phenotypic information', 'cattle study fine', 'mtnr1b population', 'peak 42 61', 'establishment genetic', 'snp gene tryptophan', 'addition antibody generated', 'apolipoprotein related', 'health disease pattern', 'rdhe2 v33a variant', 'dtd bull principal', 'reveal oc', 'using control', 'gene prolactin', 'bp bta13', 'centering significant', 'consistent evidence', 'fat bone', 'single binary', 'pair qtl', 'chromosome 16 20', 'potentially unique', 'weak eggshell cause', 'teat recorded information', 'bta additional', 'tropical region ability', 'affecting sc family', '2327 progeny', 'conducted pph', 'qtl effect daily', 'sex percentage male', 'epistasis analysis', 'suggesting specific gene', 'homozygous fecx fecx', '387 cnvrs existing', 'imbalance potentially associated', 'segregating population significantly', 'selection achieve enhanced', 'support candidacy', 'variant region', 'rs41639155 candidate gene', 'yield showed moderate', 'genome mb', 'syntenic bovine chromosomal', 'parent genotyped', 'ham redness measured', 'included genotyped genotyped', 'exon intron flanking', 'epr chromosome', 'ep like', 'array using linear', 'gene network derived', 'determinant variation mammary', 'come missing qtl', '09 conclusion majority', 'end trajectory trait', 'loss data', 'qtl calf size', 'gland morphology sp5', 'sus scrofa production', 'animal segregating', 'paep dgat1', 'reproduction heterozygote', 'plin1 igf1r slc16a1', 'accompanied simultaneous', 'evidence allele', 'precise specific', 'detected pcr', 'broad qtl', 'cluster highly', 'detected bcdo2', 'casein bovine milk', 'chromosome harbouring qtl', 'confirmed jersey', 'qtl corresponding', 'corrected value 0000175', 'using 60 671', 'work investigated association', '9n carrier male', 'multiple mutation', 'increased understanding milk', 'indicating snp contributing', 'molecular marker', 'population interspecific hybrid', 'detection carried', 'estimate variation cast', 'signaling process key', 'increased trait', 'selected breed', 'prolificacy related', '12 chromosome posterior', 'protein c1qbp wild', 'underlying calving', '96 10 0001', 'fn424076 encompassing complete', 'threshold following trait', 'population individual lmh', 'snp f2 population', 'origin qtl', 'including publicly available', 'gene subfamily', 'marker ssc genotyped', 'structure cebpd', 'value loin detected', 'pig report', 'content reduce', 'variance minor difference', 'unit non return', 'resistance handful', 'close s0008 influence', 'nearly twice sample', 'trait pigqtldb study', 'equus callabus chromosome', 'analysis variety', 'distinct genomic', 'gene involved', 'internal organ later', 'population comprising 700', 'female worm', 'associated ultrasonic', 'detected haplotype', 'cm kilogram', 'cow 866', '16 19 22', 'complex host parasite', 'pparα bcl abo', 'locus behavioural index', 'selection improving qinchuan', 'studied 58 arq', 'resistant ascites susceptible', 'linked carcass', 'commercial pig production', 'trait used oc', 'phenotype pcp', 'loss using', 'bovine cheese', 'respectively variance', 'enzyme plasma', 'cebú romo cebú', 'likelihood method logarithm', 'cell cycle', 'diarrhea retarded growth', 'sequenced complete', 'chicken mhc 15', 'level 650 test', '34 647 499', 'serve proxy', 'holstein male calf', 'tenderness involved', 'trait exon', 'individual haplotype', 'arm influenced number', 'unassigned linkage', 'interbreed comparison', 'qtls phenotype especially', 'phe347ser exon', 'yield level fat', 'using additional', '21 qtl genomewide', 'analysis female reproductive', 'identified qtl candidate', 'ppargc1a atp', 'wild boar analysed', 'fn kinase non', 'infection variant tmem154', 'located candidate', 'result indicate haplotype', 'breed identification new', 'association chicken growth', 'marbling phenotypic data', 'recently human', 'predicting meat', 'snp rump length', 'including obesity foremost', 'required catabolism', 'direction allele substitution', 'wagyu cattle', 'calf strikingly', 'spot meat', 'containing hic1 transcription', 'mutation region large', 'correlated response artificial', 'allele determining resistance', 'thighs mapped gga1', 'expressed response', 'averaged map order', '99 003 trait', 'concentration progeny', 'selection associated high', 'evidence qtl trait', 'cattle respectively statistical', 'son dr', 'scan identified', 'f2 chicken resource', 'family aim determine', 'intron snp identified', 'individual chromosome', 'leg action', 'significantly group sow', 'variation lipid mrna', 'muscle performance eqtl', 'bta chromosome radiation', 'cattle cross population', 'research dairy herd', 'analyse phenotypic', 'information genetic architecture', 'process detected', 'absent 32', 'provide target region', 'bta14 birth weight', 'genotyped successively', 'syndrome pfts', 'qtl baseline leucocyte', 'assay refined locus', 'suggesting presence multiple', 'dcd contrast', 'development gene', 'admixture analysis', 'variety host including', 'involution effect', 'mb bta26 harbored', 'qtl region spanning', 'snp1 9815g', 'level fat deposition', 'related swine', 'distinct locus additionally', 'associated respectively', 'identified identified', 'pnominal value', 'method called meml', 'network suggests difference', 'service approach', 'exon mutation', 'previous study indicated', 'temperament qtl', 'background low', 'using porcinesnp60 beadchip', 'muscle transcriptomes', 'using lald successful', 'environment extreme', 'eye area animal', 'c14 index 84', 'gwas feed intake', '597 144 snp', 'chchd7 bta14 govern', 'lactose kg', 'assisted selection defect', 'coa acyl', 'custom genome 400k', 'included heart weight', 'destruction antigen elimination', 'gga4 locus located', 'predictive dna', 'qtls reported significantly', '919g associated', 'individual 15 individual', 'population consisting large', '770k genotyped snp', 'late feathering phenotype', 'virus suid', 'mutation intramuscular', 'potential opportunity tailor', 'productive life spl', 'transcription factor binding', 'obvious positional candidate', 'female body', 'highlight ednrb', 'mortality juvenile', 'test milk yield', '16 negative regulation', 'expressed quantitative', 'substantial public', 'key gene causal', 'glucagon insulin', 'present study provides', 'revealing complex', 'record fecl non', 'effect trait result', 'genome 11', 'package matrix eqtl', 'body condition', 'human infection', 'associated trait using', 'basis published', 'nucleotide sequence', 'result muscle', 'tail development gene', 'genetic background line', 'rfi associated increased', 'discovery 1574a', 'different method approach', 'white leghorn female', 'gene slco4c1', 'reveal genetic effect', 'snp associated 11', 'rs15675067 ghrl significantly', 'challenged chick genome', 'human liver muscle', 'threshold sq1', 'cell score using', 'maasai dorper sheep', 'acceptance homozygous genotype', 'successful implementation', 'based previous association', 'pathway gwa', 'ax 428357234', 'animal snp association', 'snp promoter 9657c', 'data unable refute', 'hit uncorrected 19', 'measured female difficult', 'using affected paternal', '480 sheep population', 'sequencing including', 'upstream group specific', 'analysis manchegas demonstrated', 'height debao', 'protein 80 rap80', '62 genome', 'maternal ability related', 'nanyang jiaxian luxi', '157 additional marker', 'cross mapped major', 'gene chromosome', 'gwas performed 38', 'intake dmi', 'post infection related', 'susceptibility gene', 'epistasis sex dimorphic', 'pig genome scan', 'qtl peak region', 'quality composition', 'accuracy prediction 02', 'revealed common positional', 'sample population 433', 'daughter analyzed', 'ahr candidate', 'progeny 522 sire', 'rate length', 'total single nucleotide', 'difference subspecies underlie', 'mapping study charolais', '46 cm 19', 'confirmed val', 'cattle holstein friesian', 'generation pedigree', 'tenderness identified', 'bft candidate gene', 'population genomic', 'uninfected pig experimental', 'content intramuscular', 'observed gluteus medius', 'weight analyzed 16', 'porcine ctsk gene', 'height associated snp', 'non reactors inconclusive', 'tgf gene', 'act major', 'intercross combination classical', 'new insight key', 'eye colour variability', 'gsk play', 'frequent snp frequent', 'data analysis selective', 'identified intercross divergent', 'muscle seven', 'observed illinois', 'compared reported pig', 'evaluated identify qtl', 'protein fabps', 'warmblood validation', 'variation ibk carcass', 'eye depigmented pattern', 'conclusion concerning', 'network scoring', 'change blood', 'function gene snp', 'using run6', 'described genetic marker', '20 noncoding intronic', 'beta carotene eccentrically', 'rasa aragonesa', 'year ca 16', 'conclusion differential', 'cnvs worth exploration', 'hen 762', 'resistance susceptibility porcine', 'content pork', 'age breast bone', 'differed ab 01', 'explained hmga2', 'associated antibody level', 'genotype tt', 'mtpap regulation function', 'defence haemolytic', 'assigned based size', 'ease bull genotyped', 'content imf method', 'riding ensure optimal', 'new qtl total', 'polymorphism occurs predicted', 'snp identify', 'fcr quantitative', 'boar increased', 'affect power', 'detected hdl ldl', 'genotyping design', 'important target trait', 'qtls 18 trait', 'detection snp candidate', 'indirectly affect economic', 'gwas expected improve', 'pattern scored extent', 'association production trait', 'impact economic', 'total 41 848', 'horse leisure', 'identify snp significantly', 'set 1255', 'term associated', 'trait used indirect', 'dgat1 maternal', 'including age egg', 'egg count fwec', 'purebred population', 'analysis studied', 'sample example', '1301g pleiotropic', '188 informative', 'analysis performed general', 'result consistent previous', 'ssc14 androstenone', '100 mg milk', 'ocd tibiotarsal joint', 'region detected gwas', 'lymphocyte binding leukocyte', 'juiciness marbling tenderness', 'set interacting locus', '163 marker employed', 'result suggest gc', '183 dna', 'yield 86 cm', 'igf1r showed', '21 22 mb', 'psmc1 encoding proteasome', 'field tested alternative', 'holstein conclusion study', 'sheep tm qtl', 'energy obtained linkage', 'nsb 10 nn', 'underlying genetics ovulation', 'ebv footrot', 'country combined datasets', 'exp 001', 'identified significant genomic', 'demonstrated significant suggestive', 'declare significance', 'ovis canadensis', 'parasitic nematode sheep', 'sheep expression', 'weight growth carcass', 'halpern implemented merlin', 'ultrasound measure trait', 'yorkshire breed', 'unique snp', 'white blood', 'locus best candidate', 'breed influence', 'comb analysis', 'recorded 288 white', '15 sib', 'gene mc1r', 'insight understanding risk', 'position 70', 'sheep aim study', 'overlapping marker', 'lipid metabolism dairy', 'ssc4 multitrait multi', 'dly population gene', 'ebv result', 'flanking region casein', 'associated ld', 'identify polymorphism region', 'macrophage tropic lentivirus', 'available phenotypic', 'molecular characterization', 'pooling used genotype', 'capn1 gene', 'population identify enriched', 'snp distributed chromosome', 'result suggest genotype', 'dramatically smaller testis', 'substitution 305 day', 'pathogen evolution remains', 'mapped present study', 'background availability high', 'circumference body mass', 'genotyping using', 'mastitis determinant', 'suggest transgressive', 'breed charolais', '76 genotype', 'possible influence', 'duodenum length leg', 'receptor 1b avpr1b', 'environment aa pig', 'best population', 'causal cholesterol', 'ampk involved feed', 'genome scan detect', 'single autosomal', 'ring finger protein', 'industry comprehensive gene', 'sow overall', 'snp discovered', 'previous scan qtls', 'additionally confirmed', 'detected close', 'city china snp', 'elucidating genetic', 'additionally mb', 'polymorphism snp ssc2', 'identified white', 'age individual', 'casein lactose', 'breed evidence provided', 'oxytocin receptor', 'mutation accounting', 'vca result different', 'small interval', 'appears feasible', 'intake gga1 feed', 'bdh2 bsp3', 'ldha lactate dehydrogenase', 'shown cause', 'diet agree previous', 'egg trait', 'fitness related trait', 'taste sourness fishy', 'unraveling causal', 'convenient strategy genetic', 'oc lesion genome', 'functional candidate', '85 versus', 'beef cattle looked', 'determination intercross population', 'snp bovine anxa9', 'accurately defined able', 'teat number consistently', 'transformed avfec', 'width size', 'suggest linked', 'british horse located', 'data heavily biased', 'mapped proximally vicinity', 'ontology associated genomic', 'genotype 5678784a snp', 'onset mapped', 'cast molecular', 'fat affect', 'host parasite evolution', 'snp t586c exon', 'ssc7 region vertnin', 'polymorphism rflp pcr', 'total 51 polymorphic', 'qtl gene related', 'enhancing genetic', 'ionotropic ampa gria1', 'specific snp', 'holstein milk yield', 'record animal', 'son dr used', 'genetic correlation trait', 'greater scd mrna', 'optimal uterine environment', 'bw70 05 fi', 'contained pax3', '65 70', 'spanning 97 kb', 'suggestive qtl greater', 'cattle using different', 'gastrointestinal parasite ectoparasitic', 'causative agent enzootic', 'oar18 texel', 'selected high low', 'effective selection locus', 'expression allow research', 'junken type genotyped', 'value derived', 'assumed known', 'discovery carried', 'population originating cross', 'potentially functional mutation', 'pig cg', 'analysis regressors', 'variation pig teat', 'belonging farm', 'employing emmax approach', 'result showed feasibility', 'cofactor used', 'cyp2e1 gene', 'gene trait including', 'snp rs41694656', 'improve genomic prediction', 'statistic evidence', 'sensitisation exposure', '826 individual', 'est affymetrix', 'human study polymorphism', 'growth phenotype discovery', 'coming backcross f2', 'immune trait response', 'linked severe', 'cow fertile', 'capacity whc', 'allele ssr ssa20', 'additional allele segregating', 'carcass length cervical', 'near centromere', 'prrs virus 18', 'rib dly', 'day insemination chromosome', 'distinguished based', 'regulation included transcription', 'microrna analysis', 'qtl influenced', 'analyzed based', 'correct population', 'shaping individual hpa', '668 female map', 'breed confirmed 690', 'frequency breed addition', 'total 40 137', 'translation breeding practice', 'influence age puberty', 'transfer domain mttp', 'method fine', 'deviation dyd originating', 'snp data detects', 'demonstrated different', 'carcass length width', 'measured improve', 'result detect', 'chromosome contains quantitative', 'behaviour beef cattle', 'powerful detecting', 'strongest association detected', 'suggestive level qtl', 'trait wgebv', 'il il 12', 'allele analyzed based', 'study advocate learning', 'interaction marker', 'structural peptide', 'region bta contained', 'particularly long chain', 'hg chicken contrast', 'qtl close s0082', 'association value', 'variance polymorphism', 'litter size parity', 'day older', 'selection result identify', '552 968', 'conformational pcr', 'potent inducer', 'selection altered', 'sw512 qtl', 'alteration influence relevant', 'pasture carcass', 'resistance detected difference', 'snp 131c good', '435aa 447gg', 'total 321', 'analysis family linkage', 'markedly second parity', 'transforming growth', 'polymorphism provide', '61 pig revealed', 'brain spleen addition', 'especially regard animal', 'tv splice', 'hen derived', 'developed map', 'molecule act binding', 'multiple role', 'disease reconvalescence chronic', 'experimental design involving', 'reproductive hormone neuronal', 'sh3pxd2b hmga2', 'central region', 'cow highly', 'effect pleiotropic', 'population animal genotype', 'bovine semen', 'locus frequentist multi', 'bone mapped', 'individual improved imf', 'assign genotype pedigree', 'polymorphism located utr', 'result provide cue', 'red white srb', 'single fatty', 'acid 0001', 'breed fst measured', 'significance additional', '20 phenotypic', 'conformation udder', 'analyses larger', 'controlling spread', 'piglet genome wide', 'temperament study sire', 'affecting subcutaneous fat', 'number additional significant', 'model indicated', 'trait important', 'fat cell', 'equine lgb1', 'composition site', 'using phenotypic', 'primary micrornas precursor', 'detected laboratory', 'estimated polygenic', 'draw final', 'animal production residual', 'background current', 'genetically linked', 'backcross eu eu', 'meishan synonymous substitution', 'detected detected qtl', 'modulate skeletal', 'ph24h total', 'experiment wise', 'rate risk', 'h2 2449c 2379c', 'based proteomics', 'detected explaining', 'indigenous sheep', 'effect cw qtl', 'influencing afe additionally', 'line cross model', 'number related', 'qtl position total', 'set 164', '05 effect polymorphism', 'shear feather', 'developmental hnrnpd', 'useful broiler breeding', 'tnfsf11 124', '587 7825 78', 'ggaluga348521 gga_rs16098446', 'pathogen receptor bind', 'included fixed', 'status determined ultrasound', 'troutlodge odd year', 'yielding total', 'analysed putative impact', 'trait map4k4 gene', 'method using snp', 'participate translational', 'known variant', 'mycobacterial infection significant', 'level evidenced', 'showed significant genetic', 'cattle population trait', 'trait overlapping peak', 'significance 96', 'action candidate region', 'addition applied', 'ripk2 knockout ripk2', '18 43', 'contain polymorphic', 'potential gp', 'disequilibrium genome wide', 'lgb2 gene respectively', 'beef improvement genome', 'salivary gland', 'acop chromosome', '28 used', 'associated high mobility', 'candidate locus mediating', 'including autosome pig', 'necessary clarify', 'gene closest gene', 'growth used localize', '848 snp', 'frequency number chinese', 'environmental factor examining', 'occurrence studied', 'qtl environment interaction', 'adjusted 0081', 'high resolution radiation', 'qtl performing multitrait', 'overtransmission infanticidal sow', 'dh dj', 'horse fold', 'population conducted multiple', 'gene mef2b rfxank', 'genetic variation population', 'detected scs qtl', 'analysis using imputed', 'yorkshire pig breed', 'trait ranged 07', 'region promoter intron', 'nematode remain major', 'showed male texelxmule', 'sensitivity sheep', 'cattle comparison performed', 'previously associated susceptibility', 'explain strong selection', 'network conclusion time', 'host genomic variation', '65 gestation', 'androstenone number', 'locus western', 'disappeared conditioned analysis', 'xia nan china', 'association 14 calving', 'identified current', 'ibsp mepe', 'rfi finding suggest', 'transcript gene', 'resulted lean', 'sd9 corrected bw9', 'subpopulation suggested', 'improving egg production', 'f2 intercross recently', 'currently implemented', 'efficiency allele', 'population 421 hen', 'metabolism inorganic', 'regarding pleuropneumoniae resistance', 'lactation curve characteristic', 'cattle breed dominantly', '22 harbor', 'segregation previously identified', 'shown include', 'nesfatin suppressed 001', 'arise compromised', 'performed analyze age', '00 ew', 'demonstrated proposed', 'ld c18', 'contour feather chicken', 'genotype meat', 'associated phenotype difference', 'included model', 'promising variant located', 'colt arabian', 'measured primary genome', 'sample collected sheep', 'infrared spectroscopy mir', 'feedlot using single', 'today high', 'using alpha', 'inspection live animal', 'cow genotype probability', 'association gene expression', 'model nominal value', 'mt respectively', '304 pig extreme', 'assay designed', '001 rfi 199', 'fertility result estimated', 'performed case control', 'expression performed', 'locus pig genome', 'position 49223', 'trait ranged', 'reported qtl similar', 'expressed qtl', '189 817', 'lie near', 'eighteen snp identified', 'selection signature identify', 'egg count conclusion', 'background major economic', '100 gestation ectopic', 'trait locus 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ifnar1', 'segregating status sire', 'probability 060 045', 'conformation linkage confirmed', 'gene research', 'fcr snp low', 'energy metabolism obesity', 'medium chain fatty', 'fl structural', 'ph showed', 'phu combining association', 'dna binding 0003677', 'dorsi muscle study', 'puberty data', 'ampk contributing', 'skin test regardless', 'map channel catfish', 'leghorn population quantitative', '10 genetic', 'tbg apoh comparative', 'weight genetic', 'breed indigenous bovine', 'iii harbouring steer', 'effector phenotypic variation', 'increase beef demand', 'related carcass performance', 'study identified region', '85 single', 'analyzed region', 'snp local', 'non coding region', 'pig interesting polymorphism', 'glm gga4', 'response measured time', 'resistance complex trait', 'feed conversion ratio', '10 thirty', 'associated incidence multiple', 'receptor mc4r', 'trait associated stress', 'affecting fetal growth', 'polymorphism snp rs400827589', 'strength alternative', 'pair explained residual', 'bone introduction', 'selection improve trait', 'clinical ulceration presence', 'cattle family snp', 'association prkag3', 'mc4r phkg1', 'metalloproteinase gene', 'region swine chromosome', 'translocated gene', 'eqtl 149 cis', 'specific candidate', 'chromosome forming network', 'meat percentage ratio', 'pair homeologues', 'coefficient determination', 'polymorphism genotyped', 'resource present', 'trait sum', 'association performed', 'production environment genetic', 'food intake pituitary', 'cattle production objective', 'approach using', 'level detected qtls', 'melanoma synthetic', 'status putative immunological', 'cytokine signalling', 'qtls eca2', 'prt region regional', 'validated independent', 'chromosome locus', 'network biological', 'qtls fact localize', 'valle del', 'function porcine', 'length coding region', 'using iberian landrace', 'model inflation', 'used increase power', 'warmblood horse tested', 'xp ehh', '259 bp', 'reinforces role', 'qtls candidate gene', 'population allele reached', 'gene respectively', 'content result', 'showed trans', '23 48', 'reported association', 'trait typically associated', 'consistent previous', 'level axis including', 'affect variation growth', 'mutant result amino', 'explain previous discrepancy', 'suggests gene', 'wise bayesian', 'antisense transcript', 'chr 10 16', 'regulated abdominal fat', 'gene necessary', 'snp defined passing', 'puberty conclusion', '13 refined', 'contains 777', 'genetic basis longitudinal', 'genotype marker', 'itih mrna', '150 174 mb', 'churra ewe belonging', 'qtl met nominal', 'ssc6 using', 'phenotypic variance contrary', 'difference bd provide', 'trait associated muscling', 'design genetic analysis', 'status 1644', 'placenta development response', 'lipoprotein constituent low', 'log 10 genotype', 'trait number pig', 'ttn detected autosome', 'usability furthermore german', 'qtls exceeded genome', 'fish 196', 'nsb1 later nsb2', 'candidate produce daughter', 'composition trait reconfirmed', 'form mbl', 'sheep using snp', 'variability direct', 'selection modify milk', 'mutation 81', 'interval qtl genomic', 'variant near znf389', 'primer combination', '65 tcf12', 'gene locus gene', 'parameter milk', '636a substitution', '90 observed decr1', 'evaluation conformation', 'snp empirical significance', 'consistently revealed', 'critical age weight', 'type influence', 'white composite line', '900 animal marker', 'traits spotted coat', 'marker affecting', 'parameter lm', 'progeny 98 radiographic', 'haplotype growth association', 'study shed light', 'low minor', 'genotypic frequency genetic', 'allele frequency tested', 'chicken fatty', 'allele 361', 'analysis breed qtl', 'chromosome angularity chromosome', 'challenge regime correcting', 'trait offspring', 'area rump fat', 'allele risk', '1317 cobb broiler', 'frequency determined chinese', 'cd dd genotype', 'se 02 06', 'second aim', 'chicken white', 'btau7 snp cast', 'response cattle', '412 used', 'respectively mutation associated', 'candidate gene lep', 'based linkage analysis', 'horn morphology', 'significant linkage association', 'mt remains', 'issue abortion', 'lower tabulated threshold', 'skin function', 'suggested molecular', 'hap2 resolved', 'pig 19', 'supported role vrtn', 'genetic diversity snp', 'phenotype daughter age', 'significantly associated daily', 'published genomewide association', 'snp associated igat', 'snp correlated chest', 'gene sixteen marker', 'chicken high density', 'candidate region chr1', '19 snp significant', 'metr retp averaged', '187 marker genotyped', 'ovine lactation curve', 'ptpn11 ssc14 increased', 'study identified single', 'using bayesian estimation', 'explained pve lead', 'c18 bta23', 'explaining high', 'association eye depigmented', 'longevity postmortem', 'model conducted', 'substitution mutation nucleotide', 'tissue necrosis', '001 flock', '37 depending', 'applied dna', 'intake bird current', 'trait spawn weight', 'breeding gene', 'belonging 22 breed', 'intron detected foki', 'difference spotted', 'human placenta umbilical', 'utero placental', 'selectable marker causal', 'significant 0001 03', 'div2 population result', 'recent result differential', 'ibk disease', 'quality data', 'association protein', 'analysed gene', 'lightness particularly animal', 'time qtl explains', 'analysis facilitated', 'polymorphism different', 'variance respectively annotated', 'coincide qtls', 'region identify putative', 'deviation calving trait', 'enveloped virus assembly', 'proportion loin', 'locus carcass', 'casein complex region', '17 349', 'group preliminary', 'provide information future', 'bola nc1', 'ancestry despite', 'genetic pathway', 'ssc3 ssc6', 'data 456', 'pi pietrain german', 'percentage carcass shank', 'family arq', 'applied 50k snp', 'egg dwarf layer', 'evaluated total snp', 'employed detect', 'analyse half sib', 'statistical significance calpain', 'important determine', 'mbp 10 snp', 'mapped present', 'polymorphism target', 'marker encompass likely', 'identified ssc12', 'parity 95 96', 'known main regulator', 'variance trait significant', 'corroborated oc risk', 'fertility different lr', 'associated incidence', 'qtl small proportion', 'significance threshold 47', 'table egg', 'window variance component', 'important qtl region', 'chromosome 23', 'cw cw 28', 'pathological feature', '41 dam resulting', 'multiple linked locus', 'weakness using qtl', 'su wld nicl', 'apoptosis variant', 'gga5 increased', 'kilda uk mapping', '21836 cattle gene', 'fertility deleterious', 'qtl maternal infanticide', 'production little known', 'acid profile cow', 'qtl sex interaction', 'searching minor', 'weight suggestive', 'related parameter 821', 'representation snp', 'beginning end lactation', 'pif1 experimental', 'csf1r wt1', 'abcg2 opn animal', 'stress infection instance', 'qtl cwt', 'common procedure linkage', 'estimate marker', 'independent analysis', 'understood study gwas', 'rainy dry', 'using large', 'sib family spanish', 'af qtl mutation', 'meat prkag3 024', 'meishan pig cnvrs', 'locus novel snp', 'increased 305 day', 'variation tested larger', 'imf confirmed', 'gene ontology suggested', '27 28 recfat', '4350 daughter 12', '20 wk', 'carcass trait assessed', 'behaviour phenotype underlying', 'deregressed proof adjustment', 'entire chicken chromosome', 'curve random genomic', 'gwas order identify', 'marked difference', 'similar commonly united', 'ryr1 lipe tgfb1', 'ssc3 remained', 'sw1856 chromosome', 'pervasive role internal', 'influence target gene', 'correction total 27', 'aggressive behaviour', 'estimation variance component', 'motif ef hand', 'protein 117 tmem117', 'gene bull 15', 'fat tissue fat', 'spef2 gene located', 'gene leucine', 'polymorphism sanger', 'effect confirmed favorable', 'endangered breed approximately', '12 single', '35 021 adg', 'surrounded marker fabp4snp2774c', 'poly length human', 'snp1 genotype aa', 'bull 591 988', 'composition detected bos', 'previous genome scan', 'trait considered including', 'qtl sow bf', 'expression investigation', 'difference identified', 'nominal 05', 'ti trait', 'conformation characteristic pig', 'associated multiple phenotype', 'migration porcine', '14 mb', 'result refining', 'sheep 67', 'resistance conclusion', 'jointly experiment statistical', 'dorsi muscle ld', 'kosher low', 'responsible polymorphism', 'flanking sequence identified', 'accumulation pig', 'panel tenderness respectively', 'c231t c34t', 'moving window snp', 'weight piglet born', 'variant concentration', 'qtl detection livestock', 'chicken poorly understood', 'performed using sequenom', 'breeding candidate produce', 'showed significant 01', 'clearly indicate bta29', '39 haplotype', 'identified inositol', '4mb bta14 cwt', 'presentation cellular structure', 'uterine function plscr4', 'composition resource population', 'snp ss411628932 ss411628936', 'locate causative variant', 'function mtnr1b', 'loin weight showed', 'unique powerful', 'population constructed', 'seven snp candidate', 'ssc15 ssc18', 'parity 01', 'transition exon', 'sequence high identity', 'assuming marginal additive', 'revealed 15 chromosome', 'linkage qtl mapping', 'gene ovulation', 'upstream bmp15 gene', 'marker 5147 nordic', 'region includes gene', 'parameter italian', 'calf genome wide', 'possible pairwise', 'umd genetic variance', 'snp microsatellites', 'total 15 235', 'lumbar bft marbling', 'disequilibrium combined', 'located 259 cm', 'background pleuropneumoniae resistance', 'qtl 16 ultrasound', 'equine guttural pouch', '18 19 coincided', 'significantly associated androstenone', 'herd subset', 'sequenced complete open', 'coldspot segregation', 'eqtls revealed', 'meg3 previously gtl2', 'ease pce', 'ss61512613 ss61530518 bta6', 'interval mapping program', 'cattle provides clear', 'major role growth', 'transcript short transcript', 'blanco orejinegro', 'selected lean fat', 'using sorf2 bait', 'meat production industry', 'yield postulated', 'phenotype supporting', 'mir206 level correlated', 'reducing economic loss', 'synthetic line', 'f2 pig pertaining', 'differently regulated paper', '05 150', 'chromosome ssc 13', 'variance usually retain', 'boar adipose tissue', 'genetics 01', 'testing scheme', 'gblub achieved', 'detected highly', '934 male', '66 individual breed', 'cart gene promising', '23 mb', 'change chinese', 'identified result present', 'f2 animal originating', 'bl 29 chest', 'sst_dg156121 362a ribeye', 'affecting 24 egg', '02 result suggest', 'carcass using analysis', '532 expression downregulated', 'cnvrs previous', 'trait biased', 'effect sc', 'support potentially', 'carcass significant association', 'genetically altering fatty', 'shared snp', 'genotype based', '02 term', 'gene product', 'average body weight', 'level weaning weight', 'mgst1 sel1l3', 'fatty acid fatty', 'infected individual subsequent', 'involvement vrtn gene', 'mutation tcf12', 'gene single', 'bpifb3 pck1 closely', 'close fasn gene', 'heritable cis', 'c18 monounsaturated fatty', 'population analysed', 'fcr specie study', 'linkage disequilibrium combined', 'skeletal muscle fat', 'attributed ovine chromosome', 'breed comprehensively increase', 'pathway analysis genome', 'suhuai pig slaughtered', 'background behavior', 'trait osteochondral lesion', 'approach exclusion lean', 'breed shared', 'pigmented pig genotyped', 'site eye muscle', 'assembly enabled', 'family 900 individual', 'chain reaction', '855 animal', 'sequence data combination', 'trait expand', 'bone trait proposed', 'impact prrs need', 'foot score', 'dimeric binding site', 'locus associated wool', 'background calving difficulty', 'step variation', 'elucidate gene', 'body measurement', 'qtl derived oh', 'study 562 pure', 'candidate gene inhba', 'total 107 294', 'thickness parameter', 'succinyl coa content', 'prl aa genotype', 'suggests selection', 'centromeric previously identified', 'component trait', 'mineral composition', 'statistical support 10', 'width positive negative', 'parametric curve', 'association fmo3', 'yield 10 kg', 'returned control level', 'evidence presence', 'polyphen software', '8111 marker window', 'encompass likely position', 'analysing multivariate mixed', 'determined sex chromosomal', 'small moderate genetic', '08 independent', '239 752 247', 'previously called gdf8', 'trait benefit implementation', 'comparing list', 'hypothalamus year round', 'analysed plink', 'axis sympathoadrenal sa', 'effect lepr allele', 'genetic analysis identify', 'gdf8 common alias', 'potentially useful model', 'mer foot', 'ovary detected', 'snp porcine myod1', 'population 195', 'nature distribution ex', 'located chicken chromosome', 'locus verified', 'chromosome 12 14', 'pulmonary artery', '01 trait', '337 fertile', 'tnp1 investigate genetic', '18 meat quality', 'defined suggesting', 'gallus chromosome gga', 'large scale identification', 'evidence increased', 'trait qtl ssc5', 'genomic association epistatic', 'girth month age', 'hypothesis testing conduct', 'size trait pig', 'snp obtained database', 'simmental crossbred nanyang', 'region potentially associated', 'cell polarity', 'small moderate', 'suggesting affect early', 'breed single strand', 'important livestock production', 'designated trait trait', 'ebv greater', 'fertility study dna', 'deformation chromosome 10', '29 affected aforementioned', 'dio3 gene', 'specifically map', 'wdr92 prokr1 etaa1', 'appeared beneficial', 'obesity mouse indicating', 'total 362 individual', 'calving trait observed', 'considered indicator udder', 'sign breathing', 'contained refseq', 'bringing behavioral', 'oar3 addition classical', 'taurus indicus breed', 'process lipid protein', 'identified bovine lactoferrin', 'small deformed horn', 'fat genome scan', 'analysis report wide', '36 387', 'herpes virus', '15 rhm analysis', 'herdmates lactation negative', 'acid 0002', 'control number corpus', 'suggested meat color', 'domestic line', 'needed confirm refine', 'genomic profiler panel', 'bonferroni corrected', 'bull paternal', 'number change', 'meat production meat', 'lead dna based', 'effect 86', 'important feature', 'identification underlying mutation', 'commercially relevant pig', 'position similar', 'higher percentage', 'udp glucose', 'chromosome test', 'hanoverian warmblood different', 'model fitting polygenic', 'type chicken complex', 'boar abnormal pork', 'peculiar pigmentation surrounding', 'qtls included previously', 'sd9 week', 'β1 chosen genotyped', 'trial pig', 'mg trait finding', 'microsatellite marker selected', 'hypothesis quantitative', 'genotyped represented resistant', 'substitution significant snp', 'synthesized precursor', 'affection statue ii', 'morphological trait', 'seen qtls', 'genome annotation', 'nr2f2 oas1', 'improvement example identification', 'variance 10 significant', 'trait complex trait', 'analysis anova', 'nutritional healthfulness', 'percentage palmitic palmitoleic', 'various tissue', 'pr calving difficulty', 'general approach allow', 'alpine sheep', 'highly conserved wnt', 'proposed potential', 'associated pt 12', 'variation cast', 'tolerance half sib', 'age intercross red', 'multiple gene study', 'polymorphism snp showed', 'qtl compared case', 'using functional', 'reduced significantly', 'comparative sequence', 'association weight', 'demonstrated genetic', 'common locus', 'composition awassi', 'confirm 13', 'host resistance gastrointestinal', 'infinium hd snp', 'intramuscular fat detected', 'bootstrap analysis', '20 harbour qtl', '900 143', 'lgw 94', 'qtl human rodent', 'rs320439526 implying', 'genotyped presence', 'result 50', 'gene investigated using', '16 single', 'present linkage', 'chromosome 12', 'gene 14 fell', 'data exemplarily population', 'mbp 10', 'meat quality tasting', 'information growth performance', 'hd 600k', 'meat respectively excluded', 'number locus moderate', 'resource population cross', 'demonstrated 27534932a polymorphism', 'result method possible', 'single snp chromosome', 'ulna radius bone', 'eth152 greatest test', 'gwas respectively', 'enssscg00000031548 associated adg', 'concentration association', 'identified reported previous', 'male sheep', 'data cpd 917', 'value csn1s1 main', 'dq1 significant', 'target form', 'mechanism metabolic', 'aid genetic improvement', 'diameter 90 sscx', 'objective objective present', 'haplotype based gwas', 'defined rate declining', 'generation haplotype', 'comparative mapping radiation', 'considered potentially', 'class large', 'qtls oar19', '21 day age', 'effort work', 'single pedigree 882', 'neaurp a213c', 'indicates information', 'mutation resulted arginine', 'content direct dna', 'tested selective', 'best derived debvs', '204 progeny comparative', '5147 nordic', 'derived iberian', 'hydrolase family protein', 'measured cleaned skeletal', 'approach approach', 'essential breeding conservation', 'chromosome ssc4 qtl', 'largest beef producer', 'analysis 000 signal', 'propagation survival salmonid', 'pathophysiological change', 'qtl ssc6', 'exposed experimental natural', '5678784a snp lower', 'dairy industry characteristic', '83 36 nanyang', 'colt quantitative', '05 indicate possible', '789 snp', 'breeding value btb', 'trait line chicken', 'pathogenesis lda german', 'important economic', 'region ssc17 influence', 'sheep chromosome gene', 'wide significance trait', 'salmonella colonization 61', 'dongxiang blue shelled', 'sheep used commercial', 'analysis commercial', 'linkage based analysis', 'sequencing sequence entire', 'aries chromosome', 'identified gga2 identified', 'agag h1h3 aggg', '32 day', '636a snp', 'hypothalamus adrenal hypothalamus', 'fat composition provide', 'significant examined trait', 'qtl m3 model', 'tnfα stimulation contrast', 'including 115', 'study customized affymetrix', 'associated pig', 'snp array rainbow', 'directional selection', 'snp3 strong', 'adjusted yearling weight', 'index pork', 'phenotypic selection', 'factor receptor igf1r', 'previous sire', 'genomic signal', 'background animal genetic', 'charolais german holstein', 'region explained 001', 'breeding scheme broiler', 'sexual maturation female', 'enzymatic activity affected', 'famous large', 'order detect snp', 'trait linear', 'using high', 'bta20 55', 'confirmation candidate identified', 'quality tasting', 'subclinical ketosis included', 'suggesting linkage disequilibrium', '48 phenotypic', 'potentially used', 'utr partly overlapping', '362 marker', 'effect larger sd', 'significance plasma cortisol', 'bta18 loc787057', 'longer significant chromosomewise', '038813 btb', 'based rs13997809 rs13997811', 'expression female', 'animal extreme end', 'gene affecting feed', 'predicted weight saleable', 'detected meishan', 'region daughter', 'oviposition afe weight', 'reflect water', '23 24 25', 'assistant selection', 'immune trait behave', 'shared significant', 'located 41 112', 'independent manner', 'analysis marker add', 'cell cycle body', 'highly regulated genetics', '426 snp distributed', 'carcass leg loin', '6b kdm6b', 'expression disease qtl', 'depth ld', 'plus non', 'level pig', 'previously derived', 'gene custom', 'mapping specific', 'cm ssc tn', 'yield result molecular', 'regulatory site', 'similar bw', 'select lamb', 'involved eye development', 'breed developed survive', 'narrowed confidence', 'advantage model', 'atg porcine', 'microsatellite marker sixteen', 'pair gene', 'spotted group', 'differentiation cell activation', 'pig defined combination', 'using larger', '590 holstein sire', 'later life detected', 'half sibling family', 'affect gonadotropic axis', 'based variance 10', 'lod score 129', 'alteration transcription factor', 'blup model', 'warmblood horse 17', 'implemented following', 'qtl multitude', 'percent bta1', '10 marker', 'deliver solution identifying', 'test day record', 'essential human nutrition', 'bmt sequence analysis', 'evolution genetic', 'line major histocompatibility', 'bta26 bta17 feet', '10k snp', '001 chromosome wide', 'polymorphism technique g162c', 'total muscle', 'approximately 12 cm', 'resistance susceptibility complex', 'cis regulatory', 'variability genetic', 'porcine chromosome ssc8', 'cre ionized', 'ovine infinium hd', 'allele enhances', 'trait detecting', 'improving lactation persistency', 'affecting lameness', 'event 1217 non', 'located near mc4r', 'appear generate', 'critical significant', 'fatty acid synthase', 'resulting copy', 'phenotype assessed', 'muscle damage', 'polymorphism gli3 gene', 'validation linkage disequilibrium', 'amplified sequenced', 'a868g located', 'chromosome 18', 'understanding porcine', 'birth ssc13', 'produce egg denser', 'cow analyzed daughter', 'recurrent laryngeal neuropathy', 'method qtlexpress total', 'respiratory problem pig', 'sib model', 'allele chromosome', 'rdw study provides', 'signature increased fitness', 'production trait qtl', 'cast gg genotype', 'endocrine trait bta', 'lym polymorphonuclear', 'investigate porcine lep', 'development candidate', 'consistently significant qtl', 'revealed qtl milk', 'combine detailed', 'white population pig', 'layer individual', 'different effect arg236his', 's0082 arm influenced', 'analysis addition existence', 'genotyped 180 microsatellite', 'prim holstein confirmed', 'selection immunocompetence', 'set interacting', '66e 04 012', '10 dcd', 'ssc reported previously', 'beadchip illumina san', 'model resulted', 'dorper sheep using', 'irf3 shown result', 'disequilibrium causative', 'small portion', '170 cm', 'cell distribution', 'cm novel', 'fat information', 'initially genotyped 125', '152 italian', 'pig breeding program', 'study possible chicken', 'related trait free', '10 week old', 'gene heg1 itgb5', 'assigned chromosome 14', 'identified potentially relate', 'study nrr', 'window explained genetic', 'genotyping ebv', 'reproductive trait greatly', 'plot chromosome sharper', 'containing cnv12 adjacent', 'affected level', 'period scrapie', 'rate potential', 'including large white', '22 associated difference', 'associated femur bone', 'covering 20 bovine', 'susceptibility parasite infection', 'expression primary', 'exon porcine', 'animal purebred', '10 snp', 'significantly increased prolificacy', 'replication shared', 'genome association mapping', 'genotyped seven polymorphic', 'consistent high quality', 'relevant structural biochemical', 'microsatellite marker white', 'size association significant', 'body weight bft', 'hm represented', 'yield composition', 'gene 156 junmu', 'observed rs43101491 snp', '51 phenotypic variance', 'detected heifers population', 'common disease dairy', 'length shl', 'sod1 gene', 'defined highly', '53 cm 11', 'distinguish different', 'loin breast', 'technological measurement', 'comparison including', 'reported submitted genbank', 'variance contrary', 'study previously reported', 'influence vertebra', 'rna 50', 'finding snp', 'genomic interval', 'managed dairy', 'meat derived', 'provides unique powerful', 'cluster smaller', 'weight continuous covariate', 'progesterone prior', 'responsible polymorphism milk', 'snp incomplete', 'cnvr potential', 'interval sw2456 sw1943', 'solely genetic', 'hh signaling', 'overall comprehensive study', 'dna marker related', 'intestine weight liw', 'intake dfi identified', 'bull genotype', 'understand complex', 'sw2456 sw1943', 'palmitoleic acid oleic', 'test day', 'snp nc_006091 1773t', 'medius gm', 'total 9919', 'qtl successfully located', 'bp chromosome microarray', 'map cluster', 'kunming city yuxi', 'potential founder', 'panel relevance', 'c18 1n9c saturated', 'different genotype exon', 'snp totally linked', 'using multiple position', 'demonstrated usefulness', 'pig breed genotyping', 'qtl syntenic', 'size performed', 'disease greatest impact', 'pathway phosphate', 'animal higher value', 'litter size result', 'scanning greater', 'showed progressive severe', '06 04 respectively', 'pmp2 plin1', 'gene information', 'snp located bta6', '68 70 cm', 'rna molecule', 'breed erhualian', 'biological indication consider', 'bta1 878 631', 'snp gga1 initially', 'actively contributes', 'igf2 using combined', 'slaughter glycolytic', 'possibility using genetic', 'hallmark finding blood', 'mutation called fecx', 'fatness different', 'association nba', 'confirms previous report', 'egg production demonstrate', 'arhgap39 gene participate', 'bta1 878', 'region serum antibody', 'poor growth', 'associated bone', 'identified commercial breeding', 'positively correlated 830', 'test combining social', 'select lamb 371', 'trait feather', 'adjusted version method', 'making difficult', 'dusp4 lifr ngef', 'regenerating islet derived', 'manure spite economic', 'ease performed', 'ifc analyzed', 'marker vrtn gene', 'rear view hind', 'small intestine liver', 'erythroid related', 'laryngeal neuropathy rln', 'nrr 56 90', 'sc using', 'lesion count recorded', 'comprising 31 large', 'selection sc provides', 'susceptibility ketosis', 'gdf9 protein', 'qtl determined', 'assigning genome', 'genomic marker structure', 'limited marker', 'snp mapping corresponding', 'snp marker prioritized', 'derived significantly associated', 'record response', 'construction association analysis', 'chromosome largest number', 'sheep artificial', 'identified qtl btas', 'showed large', 'homozygote culled', 'new vision', 'containing 61', 'protein yield somatic', 'sugar concentration gene', 'production decreased growth', '41 427', 'analysis conducted 12th', 'result cd46', 'progeny tested nordic', '1606 gene association', 'snp array 600', 'disease model high', 'kit close s0069', 'lactation sck2', 'uk trait', '10718g 10841g 10893a', 'evaluated included', 'including bovine', 'qtl identified chromosome', '240 horse', 'reactor skin', 'qtl wing mapped', 'snp impact', 'approach implemented genabel', 'bayes heritabilities resistance', 'pedigree likelihood', '5000 animal', 'declared significant using', 'effect 11 13', 'regulation male reproduction', 'suggestive qtl low', 'high risk', 'welfare issue world', 'linkage disequilibrium analysis', 'cm tg', 'le abundant', 'contortus genome scan', 'associated reproductive', 'identify gene underlying', 'qtl genotypic', 'scd gene completely', 'genotype 2449gc higher', 'model achieved reliable', 'reported affect ovulation', 'inverse gross feed', 'calf dam snp', 'tool study', 'ww yearling weight', 'exp 001 phenotypic', 'support future research', 'blue marc iii', 'sheep polymerase', 'increase litter', 'milk performance', 'protein like glutamate', 'sd imf 68', 'snp non', 'variance investigated', 'observed increase', 'correlation 84 indicating', 'reported dsn', 'mbl2 detected testis', 'snp multiple', 'allele corresponds sd', 'day calving insemination', 'pivotal role animal', 'fertility qtl qtl', 'equcab assembly eca9', 'evidence genetic variation', 'selection milk', 'muscle growth fat', 'analysis comb dataset', 'differently calm', 'trait frequency twin', 'breeding programme nematode', 'observed association body', 'reproductive role', '582 canadian angus', 'affecting carcass weight', 'muscle cell ldha', 'f2 experimental family', 'microsatellites 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larger', 'heterozygous ewe', 'substitution effect cw', 'defined qtl 750', 'animal milk production', 'wise bayesian analysis', 'elimination analysis', '27 seven corroborate', 'concordance region associated', 'gwas gene', 'sharing best', 'significant correlation loin', 'combined haplotype constructed', 'gene lacking', 'snp haplotype effect', 'alternative classical', 'qtls c18', 'study 60', 'allele lp', 'map3k11 result classified', 'commercial population snp', 'poor tissue perfusion', 'precursor mirnas', 'snp located bta11', 'measure genetic merit', 'circumference lod chr', 'af320998 433c', 'apolipoprotein related high', '36 different transcript', 'trait region identified', 'variance respectively', 'sib pair', 'associated autosomal', 'sire swedish', 'weight bft total', 'construct gcg agg', 'cut yield', 'milk chl_milk', 'signature selection region', 'bil creatinine cre', 'indicate combined', 'solution identifying', 'pira ghr', '29 sire 298', 'possible breed specific', 'line md resistant', 'showed biological', 'meat quality relative', 'natural selection', 'red cell', 'trait phenotype contribute', 'network reconstructed', '47 95', 'cattle data set', 'limited number marker', '11 cm female', 'snp assay radiographic', 'based 29 autosome', '1540 hanwoo', 'hel9 cssm47 interval', 'sheath irs', 'effect sexual', 'composite recently developed', 'rtn absolute', 'predictive dna marker', 'chromosome explaining 19', 'resolution observe clear', 'level marbling', 'employ ige', 'feathering 14', 'syndrome prrs', 'semispinalis area', 'reported qtl seminiferous', 'aat showed', 'gene located fpdmeta', 'inheritance mode growth', 'female reproduction overlapping', 'genotype showed bird', 'aiming controlling eradicating', 'study roan phenotype', 'group inter strain', 'chicken commercial broiler', 'qtl analysis innate', 'using dominance deviation', '07 lower yield', 'chol ppn0', 'utt additionally used', 'favorable effect', 'linked qtl', 'individual dose', '16 haplotype identified', 'ibh genotype', 'fcr offer', 'variation gr', 'cattle reported', 'ar qtl', 'evidenced segregation mutation', 'intron statistical', 'locus molecular trait', 'observed locus', 'propagation survival', '000001 pair wise', 'wide level additional', 'known farrowing viable', 'gene deserve exploration', 'change arg315cys', 'animal dairy production', 'background peroxisome proliferator', 'capn1_rs81358667g casp3_rs319658214g', 'gene centric', '012 large', 'result qinchuan cattle', 'fcr 05 conclusion', 'study furthermore', 'erhualian specific', 'number vertebra detected', 'pig gwas', 'application sequence', 'independent influential grand', 'human overlapping qtls', 'marbling 001 adg', 'new insight understanding', 'identify snp consequently', 'mbl2 gene', 'testing remaining', 'cross large white', 'fm244720 400c', 'minimization false', 'crossbred bull', 'covariate trait effect', 'data fat', 'iib fiber', 'disequilibrium mutation affecting', '13 calving service', 'qtls fa', 'breeding value computed', 'indicating potential effect', 'panel 16', 'dupi mycoplasma', 'pufa longissimus muscle', 'based classical', 'distal chicken chromosome', 'receive allele dam', 'day 35', 'carrying single copy', 'unl population negative', 'peak 110', 'expression characteristic different', 'record performance growth', 'sequence novel', 'use marker', '327c proven', 'estimated residual considered', 'variant highly', 'gene transcriptional factor', 'medius saturated fatty', 'generation result', 'level pcr restriction', 'seen individual response', '05 qtl', 'study successfully identified', 'mutation growth hormone', 'fat content oleic', 'included panel genetic', 'bta 88', 'order aa ab', 'based strategy', 'polymorphism genotyped 368', 'acvr2a associated anai4', 'yield population', 'intron 25858322c snp', 'cause economic loss', 'used chromosome wide', 'reduce production', 'foc count', 'middle detectable impact', 'eca 20', 'mb likely', 'qtl segregating parental', 'incidence gg', 'identification phenotype conclude', 'st8sia4 fam174a chd1', 'gene approach low', 'slc27a3 diacylglycerol acyltransferase', 'chicken snp respectively', 'fed dairy', 'program challenging', 'used igf2', 'using producer recorded', 'weight identified 10', 'qtl bta fourteen', 'rate line', 'detected chromosome 16', 'region harbouring cart', 'study microsatellite', 'qtl genome scan', 'indicating intensive selection', 'farm animal myostatin', 'gland correlated post', 'reported mc4r different', 'nm parity', 'estimated cyp11b1', 'analyzed f2 population', 'trait result experiment', 'cattle reported time', 'specificity protein', 'generation surprising qtl', 'sow linked antagonistic', 'retained genome', 'growth qtl detected', 'lifetime productivity using', 'promoter variant designated', 'population related phenotype', 'developmental growth multicellular', 'advantageous molecular marker', 'analysis resulted disappearance', 'assessed rao', 'snp clustered 570', 'a497g c635t missense', 'harbor gene allele', 'qtl model additionally', 'implemented identify promising', 'identified examined association', 'progeny experimental animal', 'hampshire landrace family', 'genotype lower', 'line body weight', 'qtl sexual maturity', 'rflp pcr cofi', 'igf1r bwg', 'cow bta14 bta17', 'disorder animal', '57 13', 'moiety type motif', 'confirm vrtn', 'gene analysed using', 'mb 46 cm', 'significant locus ssc12', 'growth rate detected', 'previous detected', 'algorithm series', 'indel genotyped 11', 'cow adjusted non', 'fibroblast growth', 'sequence homology yeast', 'showed overtransmission infanticidal', 'value imf', 'offspring genome', 'liver autosomal', 'porcine igf2 region', 'wide significance pathway', 'approximately 900 kb', 'ulceration cutaneous', 'validated additional', 'process identification', 'significant qtls bf', 'intron acsl1 gene', '12 trait qtl', 'confirms resistance hpai', 'partitioning potential', 'ssc13 01', 'shoulder ham cut', 'effect mutation', 'accounted random', 'qtl scan muscle', 'annotation performed sus', 'depending host parasite', 'testis role organ', 'size 505', 'snp weighted single', 'explained 10 genetic', 'importance swine industry', 'motif 313 bp', 'grew faster pre', 'trait described', '444 cow milk', '12 25', '40 657 snp', 'resides pseudogene parental', 'directly whirling', 'putative qtl bta7', 'obtained family', 'genetic marker improved', '24 demonstrated significant', 'development guide', 'estimated effect qtl', 'exon 10', 'pc slope', 'including additional case', 'selection gene transcriptional', 'proximity region', 'cow validated 23', 'snp3 snp64', '20 half', 'bull 334', 'decreasing feed', 'initiation protein synthesis', '109 microsatellite', 'affected lp1 lp2', '16 case 25', 'editing 41', 'behavioral test', 'jersey dj', 'rest genome phenotypic', 'controlled point mutation', 'loss decreased', 'sb pig', 'ssc6 ssc8 ssc11', 'strong genomic signal', 'hanwoo steer 220', 'industry underlying', 'orthopaedic disease occurs', 'survival twinning', 'k88 strain locus', 'protein percentage somatic', 'sample bw collected', 'total 321 animal', 'chromosomewise significance fat', 'treated quantitative trait', 'region adl0201', 'acvr2a induced dose', 'associated 56', 'using muscle transcriptome', 'qtl ssc1', 'chromosome utilized', 'kinase gene csnk1g3', 'production reduces feed', 'normalised box', 'dairy cattle genomic', 'determined chinese', 'predictive snp using', 'mutation flavin containing', 'located upstream transcription', 'body dilution', 'widely distributed breed', 'transformed using', 'group specific', 'rate sow increased', 'rate 17 28', 'protein 0007', 'chromosome near position', 'production trait collected', 'sequence lalba_g', 'size control', 'developmental stage involve', 'marker scd haplotype', 'polypay crossbred', 'yield peak protein', '22 quantitative', 'reported previous literature', '20 cm primary', '300 ssc7 genome', 'chip commercial hanwoo', '000031 combined', 'major determining', 'snp array seven', 'large commercial', 'rao affected', 'development functioning musculoskeletal', 'day 46', 'difference divergent', 'loss using genome', '30 105', 'homeostasis chinese', 'characterise biological function', 'cm qtl mapped', 'hybrid bovine breed', 'slow achieved', 'exon ppargc1a gene', '21 46', 'line different background', 'ibd score variance', 'regression method chromosome', 'moderate effect', 'development little', 'lactate dehydrogenase', 'repeated ai', 'resistance conformation', 'erhualian pig study', 'revised qtl', 'replication association', 'furthermore identified transcription', 'characteristic result', 'acid composition region', 'fleckvieh holstein', 'located flanking region', '20 fine map', 'developmental anomaly', 'stillp born alive', 'feature pig', 'values 031', 'warranted improve', 'qinchuan cattle using', 'year egg', 'est bi596262', 'intake growth result', 'associated calving', 'cmi chicken', 'covering oar3 oar11', 'lc qtl', 'data obtained 752', 'fatness phenotype', 'significant multi faceted', 'snp60 beadchips', 'knc large color', 'min semimembranosus', '17 different', 'region qtl affecting', 'holstein nrr56 nrr90', 'responsible immune', 'result result single', 'size birth adult', 'analysis quick', 'pinpoint dna maker', 'serpina6 gene', 'production level detect', 'data previous', 'challenge facing dairy', 'f0 68', 'genetic correlation additive', 'factor rao', 'major haplotype 15', 'mean genomic estimated', 'pork meat', 'work professor', 'segregate udder health', 'inflammatory response dairy', 'volume number', 'model pedigree', 'receptor sorcs2', 'qtl use linkage', 'cow confirmed mln', 'characteristic performed', 'mapping candidate', 'qtl position accounted', 'b2 fayoumi line', '469 snp', 'based following finding', 'non castrated boar', 'association genotype economic', '502 cm', 'comparison progeny inherited', 'revealed chromosome ti', '11 yr abdominal', 'cd ab', 'built detect', 'majority genetic variation', 'relationship family reanalyzed', 'level calculated using', 'expression ppard ear', 'derived bac', 'fe key trait', 'gamete correlated', 'rflp analysis haeiii', 'month yearling', 'wide high', 'mutation valine gtc', 'artificial insemination horse', 'obtained crossing duroc', 'particular ss61514555 showed', '1730t significant', 'architecture associated obesity', 'close proximity population', 'effect predicted', 'layer chicken line', 'peptide fmdv previous', 'chromosome 19 genomewide', 'lymph node recovered', 'coloured breed 10', 'collected monthly', 'data offer possibility', 'associated qtl intramuscular', '667 f2 pig', 'gene ph', 'trait absolute', 'cattle influenced qtl', 'laid specific age', 'pathogen challenge', 'harbouring significantly associated', 'hiv ovine lentivirus', 'efficiency population 186', 'representing 11', 'mean sib progeny', 'impact variant', 'level linkage', 'associated nipple', 'region associated host', 'locus fertility near', 'joints fetlock hock', 'term calcium ion', 'efficient cattle maintain', 'genotype based 50', 'rs16469410 overall result', 'weak bone male', 'gene hampered identification', 'bovine cd46', 'ranged 11', 'breeding strategy improvement', 'percent ssc12 cie', 'ass utility genomic', 'ca 44', 'snp located cluster', 'tgf β1 chosen', 'significant 10 snp', 'allele frequency determination', 'female difficult', 'specific single lactation', 'spot14 thrsp', 'linoleic acid significantly', 'level using run6', 'assigned group attempt', 'thickness aft reduced', 'trait plag1 ncapg', 'regulating hematological trait', 'effect meg3', 'holding capacity 05', 'association coincide', 'encoding protein involved', 'cbg production', 'contribution region susceptibility', 'mcmc method data', 'qtl model random', 'respectively identified using', 'lamb detailed carcass', '100 95 06', 'trait proposed potential', 'high heritability estimate', '30k 30 105', 'showed expression', 'production product amplified', 'demonstrated chromosomal', 'random regression allows', 'screening databank', 'sib family map', 'pasture carcass weight', 'including 657', 'sampling dna animal', 'snp3 snp4', 'eliminate defect selection', '20 56 cm', 'qtl provide', 'lymphet haemocyanin antigen', 'fertility trait pig', 'established genetic', 'correlated post', 'flavor beneficial', 'pleiotropy allowed', 'halfsib model combined', 'based estimated breeding', 'chromosome 10', 'disease cause', 'ph 24h identified', 'previous discovery', 'associated oar6', 'including complete', 'seasonal oestrous sheep', 'observed ibk susceptibility', 'snp region 26', '50 80', 'suggest deviant haplotype', '155 184', 'piglet born tnb', 'pigmentation trait mammal', 'cross duroc', 'picture emerged', 'total 557', 'hcr artificial insemination', 'osteogenesis cell', 'mortality prevalent modern', 'gene lepr', 'study ovine', 'detected porcine', 'result work', 'balancing selection', 'marker genotyped population', 'beginning 1995', 'decrease pco2 glucose', 'autosome analyzed association', '01 locus', 'complex trait identifying', 'measured backfat', 'human nutrition fat', 'snpeff sift', 'resource population linkage', 'containing annotated gene', 'retention color', 'data pig', 'microsatellite locus pcr', 'selecting chinese advantage', 'establish novel molecular', 'dna dosage est', 'aim genotyped missense', 'difference cc tc', 'insight gdf9', 'sperm parameter', 'locus accounted', 'weight phenotypic', 'tbc1d24 directional', 'demonstrated aa', 'angus calf sire', 'cooked meat rate', 'useful resource analysis', 'concern bighorn', 'model genotyping', 'differential expression nudt7', 'effect tibiotarsal breaking', 'determination semen', 'improving feed', 'qinchuan cattle cattle', 'wise 05', 'normal function', 'immune defence haemolytic', 'body weight lcorl', 'inference region', 'evaluation data useful', '68 sd growth', 'gene analyze', 'quality trait association', 'sex dependent effect', 'mammal notably', 'significance detected', 'light genomic', 'background date', 'approximately mid way', 'analyzed 464 steer', '20 chromosomal', 'genotype dc lower', 'live weight body', 'mdh1 snp', 'myh1 myh2 myh4', 'chromosome 11 chromosome', 'eca 4q', 'apparent age immune', 'value irrespective oh', 'selected sequencing', 'objective study detect', 'discovery rate resulted', 'han sheep 05', 'mapping single', 'neuronal change', 'association study polymorphism', 'strongly associated fat', 'vertebra rib reside', 'genetic model line', 'identified set 736', 'animal finding improves', 'information additional', 'investigation necessary', 'phenotype sourced chromosome', 'demonstrated bovine', 'region adg qtls', 'signalling pathway', 'established crossing outbred', 'bw ww dwg', '105 snp 38', '18 month', 'strategy improve horse', 'gwas inform', 'score order', 'subjectively assessed farmer', 'weight gwas', 'loss reproduction', 'percent additive dominance', 'cm kosambi ovine', 'fe complex phenotype', 'important trait study', 'interleukin 1a il', 'selected gwas', 'immune cell', 'trait hanwoo beef', 'emaciation growth', 'bb result suggest', 'metabolic disease pig', 'glu alb glo', 'qtl maximum ratio', 'variability genetic control', 'muscle low marbled', 'scrapie sheep', 'heart kidney', 'initially forthcoming', 'f18 receptor gene', 'lamb order', '34 grandsire family', 'snp window group', 'water disease bcwd', 'created crossing', 'calpain capn1', '240 observation 5643', 'conformation addition', 'snp esr1', 'fa composition phenotype', 'established step variation', 'snp haplotype bmp7', 'molecular relevance', 'apob gene used', 'color tenderness ultimate', 'broader genetic context', 'efficiency measured feed', 'increase sample size', 'shown increase', 'data previous genome', 'underlying disease dynamic', 'challenge infected pasture', '19 tibetan hen', 'lm aa gg', 'snp iberian landrace', 'interval chromosome', 'arena test isolation', 'cognition neurotism second', 'rs41694646 associated', 'weight growth plasma', 'qtl associated studied', 'decreased mean corpuscular', 'genetic background epistatic', 'force measurement', 'likely domestication', 'tlr9_tt coupling', 'extreme inbred', 'phenotype mixed model', 'snp slaughter indicator', 'correlated fecundity assessed', 'confirmed val dataset', 'snp source', 'performance body', 'strongest evidence association', 'birth bbl report', 'gene affecting fcr', 'leghorn inbred', 'performed 139', 'study 296 bp', 'averaging 61 07', 'adaptive immune', 'undetermined requires', 'cent peak snp', 'model fixed', 'expression skip', 'intronic snp marker', 'relatively low frequency', '33 71 genetic', 'generated non', 'little overlap', 'ag genotype', 'mutation cause', 'day δ2 lma', 'earlobe color rhode', 'fmo3 polymorphism flavour', 'subsequent analysis significantly', 'densely connected indicates', 'lutea ssc', 'peak region chromosome', 'modest number animal', 'map contigs anchored', 'candidate identified snp', 'protein kinase play', 'production commercial hanwoo', 'variation form single', '92 average', 'confirmed litter size', 'jaw length suggestive', 'sample chi square', 'slaughtering animal chemical', 'study routinely used', 'qtl position pair', 'milk processed rec', 'percentage pp', 'genotyping array', 'orexigenic factor implicated', '1000 2000 kb', 'c14 subcutaneous adipose', 'known pathway present', 'data set snv', 'score 45', 'distribution 10 average', 'conception rate ercr', 'variability mitf gene', 'qtl localized trait', 'growing pig gilt', 'using 190 microsatellite', 'scan genetic parameter', 'length 481 cm', '83 guernsey 50', 'trait detected resource', 'trait shear force', 'previously identified ib', 'frequency 10 snp', 'higher incidence 18', 'cannon circumstance maximum', 'wide selection', 'challenge response chicken', 'south african', 'texture stearic acid', 'understand pathway critical', 'reported breed chromosome', 'muscle excluded', 'variation ovine myostatin', 'regression approach obvious', 'sire commercial', 'factor inhibin βa', 'selection associated numerous', 'unknown fetal', 'f1 resource', 'sex management contemporary', 'sperm quality trait', 'gga5 gga23 gg27', 'population snp', 'trait 003 meat', '67 total', 'new functional hypothesis', 'order identify predictor', 'genotyped ovine hd', 'intramuscular fat ssc12', 'snp60v1 beadchip', 'water holding capacity', 'founder hen', 'dgat1 polymorphism', 'width hw', 'suggest genotype h2h2', '1979 8209 1791', 'coloured horse 70', 'higher 01 lamb', 'pp respectively total', 'interval narrowed', 'ti open field', 'major qtl esc', '10841g 10893a', 'study search functional', 'source reprogen', 'effort implementation breeding', 'exceeded chromosome', 'genotyped 600 chicken', 'snp xirp2 gene', 'study molecular background', 'bta20 key', 'population australian', 'prkag2 difference transcript', '05 obtained family', 'litter size cross', 'f2 dupi', 'fertility uncover', 'dehydrogenase ehhadh', 'chromosome candidate', 'respiratory disease', 'variance σ2p make', 'published result western', '314 f2 generation', 'association bmts', 'analysis solar software', 'deformed canales', 'term mainly', 'cm maximum region', 'sequence indicated significant', 'determine qtl caused', 'identify genetic determinant', 'revealed tcf21 gene', 'marker lipid', 'mapped livestock location', 'population protein', 'causal snp', 'polygenic effect fitted', 'horn breed', 'advocate learning ability', 'map genetic', '47 dam', 'week analysis', 'study provide information', 'thickness pre', 'soga1 mas1', 'balanced frequency il8', 'weight evisceration weight', 'white landrace breed', 'gene significant variant', 'sc 192', 'efficacy strategy used', 'present study lead', 'qtl methodology', 'analysing f2', 'site variation identified', 'ch 16', 'qtl beef tenderness', 'sample horse', 'male specific map', 'cnvrs compared', 'npas2 ciart', 'breed significant effect', 'chronic diarrhea retarded', 'codon bovine', '29 different', '57 retn 1473g', 'function swine', 'protein fat trait', 'remained significant bonferroni', 'size conducted', 'derived milk', 'positive qtl', 'fowl cholera pm', 'translation breeding', 'unselected trait', 'trait expensive difficult', 'data single boar', 'linkage disequilibrium result', 'navicular bone', 'included trafd1', 'intake pietrain', 'phenotype related growth', 'higher ph redness', 'using univariate regression', 'rs14011776 igf1r', 'identified common', 'harboring qtl', 'fat trait analyzed', 'economic societal benefit', 'spl culling rate', 'predicted affect', 'defining animal', 'characterized blue', 'marker outperformed microsatellites', 'genomic region selected', 'marker pair high', 'ph metabolism', 'potential application future', 'somatotropic axis', 'indicated snp completely', 'effect divergent', '796 cow', '1182 nellore', 'line direct selection', 'order mm mm', 'selected based gene', 'qtl rad', 'approach genetic', 'vrtn variant significantly', 'novel single', 'ibk beef cattle', 'general approach', 'dependent variable interval', 'male pig produce', 'gene potential effect', 'underlies observed', 'udder inverted teat', 'according linkage rh', 'mortality japanese', 'greatest pew h2h2', 'variant using kegg', 'fully linked lep', 'showed genetic factor', 'minor haplotype frequency', 'applied qtl detection', 'ccp procedure sequential', 'snp annotated', 'disease livestock continues', '05 associated leg', '891 cow uw', '29 32', 'based high density', 'postreceptor mechanism', 'relative number fat', 'effect behavioural index', 'analysis half', 'snp suggestively', 'gene evidenced', 'muscle comparing', 'function biological process', 'pad covariate', 'seven chromosome', 'snp individually attain', 'postreceptor mechanism aim', 'snp specifically regulating', 'applied fst hapflk', 'vaccination available discovering', 'montbéliarde breed result', 'pig breed polymorphism', 'frame generating premature', 'despite trade', 'h1 101', 'protein mean daily', 'ppn0 945 190', 'polygenic model model', 'obesity snp', 'cell ratio', 'associated decrease protein', 'fatty acid winter', 'trait ssc1 12', '63 bp', 'improving parameter related', 'trait employing panel', 'allele log 10', 'association conducted genome', 'assuming marginal epistatic', 'level observed sow', 'breed respectively study', 'mt article', 'interval milk', 'sample cohort used', 'additional marker significant', 'near callipyge carwell', '86 83 80', 'protein phosphatase non', 'exon 14 2002c', 'molecular polymorphism texel', '461 chicken n301', 'rflp assay', 'calf 38', 'quality using generation', 'provided extensive', '77 00 ew', 'fat reserve', 'identified total 12', 'version 07 significant', 'increasing allele', 'mutation located', 'observed large', 'scan gwa analysis', 'located eca1 eca8', 'gene segregated', 'f1 dam sire', 'map previously detected', 'gga1 region', 'showing 27534932a', 'genetic effect result', 'investigate igf2 substitution', 'study expressional', 'expression regulation ntn1', 'resistance energy', '0001 ssc15', 'desaturase scd circulating', 'clearly complex genetic', 'polyceraty presence', 'property carcass composition', 'objective research', 'paratuberculosis map cause', 'fecal egg count', 'high negative', '127 junmu', 'snp negligible', 'synthesis compared region', 'resource population phenotyped', 'total weight landrace', 'molecular ecology', 'using image analysis', 'region bone morphogenetic', 'dgat1 a232k', 'trait concluded 11', 'region copy number', 'respectively seven snp', 'specific manner mypn', 'present work aimed', 'study 16', '358 768 996', 'constructed 23 microsatellite', 'jb1 560 animal', 'loss dairy', 'architecture variability', 'contribute change rfi', 'development high density', '1043 1013 genotyped', 'carcass weight highly', 'ssc9 ssc13 ssc17', 'influence average', 'qtl direct effect', 'trait 56 body', '38 candidate gene', 'ag gg based', 'considerable variability immune', 'association ultrasound', 'control density', 'effect obtained using', 'region associated hornless', 'principal finding using', 'trait revealed chromosome', 'qtl eqtl mapping', 'frequent metabolic', '50 qtl using', 'qtl result', '1111g snp', 'snp rxra', 'ssc8 region ssc14', 'thickness moisture', 'ax 428357234 bta', 'decline different', 'respectively olfactory', 'heat dissipation', 'content confirmed rna', 'development cell proliferation', 'qtl refined', 'vacaria fecg flock', 'increase reporter activity', 'mutation responsible', 'mrna expressed', 'association snp fertility', 'commercial large', 'defect time point', 'regulation ntn1', 'gene considered candidate', 'splice acceptor site', 'consisting 15 grandsires', 'suggest fabp4g 3691g', 'indicator mhc located', 'marker analyze', 'novel interacting', 'association joint', 'intragenic variant', 'ability lamb year', 'qtl affecting bone', 'mcw241 surrounding', 'chromosome 23 detected', 'black cattle aimed', 'partial correlation information', 'commercial line locus', 'subclinical ketosis lactation', 'mirna expression', 'resistant scottish blackface', 'significant additive dominance', '97 mb', 'effect fst', 'gt haplotype appeared', 'phenotyped kyphosis mb', 'utr partly', '50 53 cm', '62 cm 129', 'analysis 183 microsatellite', 'granddaughter design including', 'collected weaning', 'filtering leaving genotype', 'described parasite', 'discovered trait total', 'i_ra solute', 'selection decrease vartnb', 'rs424642424 significant', 'assay regulatory', 'revealed additive effect', 'snp explain 14', '10 additional', 'structure certain', 'variability objective present', 'leg disorder fld', 'current study advocate', 'function layer need', '50 65 versus', 'examine effect scd', 'molecular breeding value', 'unknown short', 'informative microsatellites linkage', 'good agreement', 'comparison qtl vs', 'presented result described', 'swine production litter', '890 784', 'genotyped gwas revealed', 'effect chromosome protein', 'additive effect approximately', 'analysed 1395 pig', 'expression meg3', 'fish reach market', 'local environment raised', 'juiciness fat moisture', 'mm 23 mm', 'qtl chromosome 27', 'consistent segregation', 'qtl m2 model', 'prediction expression data', 'pig snp located', '34 36 mb', 'accounted fitting', 'luciferase activity ins', '318 polymorphic', 'gene involved bone', 'utrs respectively mrna', 'model backward', '26 used perform', 'rs42091426 mb', 'lipid content beef', 'thousand 919 snp', 'bayesian model selection', 'drd4 distal', 'fitness related', 'locus landrace', 'mean ultrasound', 'length allele', 'result detected 24', 'livestock commission', 'ct genotyped', 'association tested 20', 'effect cw', 'result using genome', 'increase postnatal', 'aim study screen', 'approach using maximum', 'different group', 'western world bovine', 'design assigned', 'tibiotarsal humeral strength', 'employing emmax', 'genotyped 40 646', 'glycine rich protein', 'ascertain snp', 'sample allele frequency', 'gene hsd17b6 sdr9c7', 'hypothesis allele', 'hypothesis future', 'component adaptive', 'populations genomewide association', 'bms1724 bm7209 position', 'ratio oleic', 'service conception', 'weight age 43w', 'exon cause', 'novel avfec', 'qtl detected gelbvieh', 'prolactin mixed 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'18 rfi indicated', '13 allele', 'fat detected', 'gene parameter', '207 262 bp', 'synthesis metabolism total', '277 microsatellite', 'calf offspring', 'cattle behavior', 'ai industry identify', 'region responsible immune', 'confirming qtl region', '05 etec', '53 sd haem', 'individual tail sufficient', 'main cause economic', 'using illuminaporcine60k bead', 'variation gene surrounding', 'approached significant', 'qtl eggshell', 'cd83 responsible', 'segment help', 'population segregation qtl', 'ca estimating', 'located inside evolutionary', 'main qtl', 'gwas analysis animal', 'correlated transcript revealed', 'simulation study showed', '805g snp effect', '062 093 linear', 'count caecum', 'imf located chromosome', 'pietrain german large', 'heritable trait study', 'stage involve different', 'loss percentage significant', 'keyhole limpet', 'rhode island', 'pleuropneumonia increased incidence', 'respectively genetic variance', 'confirms leucocyte trait', 'array univariate', 'generation possible', 'investigate positional', 'vip receptor', 'pig 106 sire', 'common distinct genomic', 'skin thickness ssc4', 'illumina porcinesnp60 genotyping', 'growth development', 'grm1 pol mbd5', 'mammal diverse', 'coverage measured backfat', 'optimize management', 'pig showing', 'muscle compared', 'matrix individual computed', 'considerable nonsignificant', 'region subtraits retained', 'defense enteric pathogen', 'percentage level slope', 'backcross ibmap related', 'fat carcass', 'differentiation adipocytes gene', 'estimated based snp', 'extremely relevant efficient', 'genome scan f1', 'construct framework', 'analysis defined qtl', 'eca2 10 26', '10 juiciness', 'heritability estimate erhualian', 'result commercial breed', 'host genome', 'pathway ultimately', 'confidence interval making', 'map capn1', 'haplotype improved', 'marbling japanese black', 'spawn weight', 'disorder present', 'weinberg disequilibrium 01', 'associated lma bft', 'polymorphism resulted', 'qtl dairy', 'ireland united kingdom', 'background ketosis dairy', 'ebv somatic', 'micrornas class', 'identical descent sharing', '05 removal', 'combination trait', 'different assumed genetic', 'parturition recorded', 'probability trait total', 'substitution effect 269', 'glmm cbat', 'body weight identified', 'variation bodyweight gain', 'reported polymorphism located', '777k snp', 'ncapg chromosome associated', 'receptor type sry', 'multibreed analysis clearly', 'taste panel tenderness', 'shared hcr1', 'genabel using 46', 'design bull genotyped', 'cow sweden objective', 'chchd7 bta14', 'intron3 g3072a substitution', 'qtl region predicted', 'number embryo ne', 'trichuris faecal egg', 'wgs 2515', 'result confirmed emmax', 'lung gender', 'ldl concentration 190', 'average number lifetime', 'observed disease incidence', 'expression polymorphism possibly', 'genetic interaction evident', 'architecture salmonella', 'colocalize qtl providing', 'snp mc4r', 'study physiological', 'observed suggesting qtl', 'variation mineral content', 'regulation proliferation', 'area width', 'factor play important', 'development muscle', 'infectious disease relies', 'ssc2 ssc16', 'junken type', 'ld ssc4 104', 'implication prospective fine', 'pm imputed genome', 'human suitable', 'tick counted suggesting', 'desirable avoid', 'ucp2 gene complete', 'nil polymorphic', 'snp 25 candidate', 'consumer meat processing', 'callipyge locus analyzed', 'additionally 17 significant', 'close zero binary', 'examined f2 cross', 'detailed milk composition', 'investigate qtl', 'parameterized fit', 'confirm previous', 'painful lower', 'study investigate gc', 'cm apart', 'formation unique amino', 'located snp8 snp14', 'qtl breast', 'measure lameness', 'important consumer', 'marbling standard bm', 'yorkshire pig total', 'study demonstrated', 'precocity used', 'explore qtl', 'cm ssc6 spw', 'demographic event shaping', 'fiber trait 160', 'chromosome eca upstream', 'carcass trait purebred', 'value obtained', 'consequence missense deduced', 'polydactly phenotype mouse', 'trait expressing weight', 'known atrogin', 'tb phenotype', 'oocysts eimeria', 'pattern genetic', 'including bovinesnp50', 'gene locus determined', 'friesian 927', 'bird antibody titre', '05 n202', 'drum thigh percentage', 'heritabilities se direct', 'product quality changing', 'analysis slc35a3', 'outbred rainbow trout', 'underlying pleiotropic', '10 level', 'worm egg', 'selection region', 'showed effect', 'revealed genetic architecture', 'variation milk production', 'age identified marker', 'condition component responded', 'disease progression', 'ltn right rtn', 'population identify complex', 'respectively chromosme wide', 'luciferase reporter', 'investigated pleiotropy growth', 'status sire', 'pietrain extent founder', 's0283 pinpoint', 'exposure human polygenic', 'loss fiber type', 'qtl confirmed 442', 'subgroup 332 lamb', 'crossing genetically', 'stat1 sorbs1 nfkb2', 'tnb vartnb', 'development function', 'significant association meat', 'including qtl imprinting', 'gene bta14', 'assigned highly significant', 'mbl2 porcine mbl', 'facilitates identification rare', 'linkage qtl analysis', 'sire s1', 'varies breed moderately', 'decrease dtd curve', 'human animal used', 'hypothalamus duodenum', 'presence genome', 'approximately 190 commercial', 'site paired', 'animal breeding genetic', 'used estimate snp', 'pig total 26', 'allele negative effect', '55 significant', 'considered pl', 'reported temperament qtl', 'disequilibrium 01', 'based approach locus', 'ap transcription factor', 'achieve objective', 'single strand conformation', 'responsible gene characterized', 'provided good starting', 'sphingomyelin sm phosphatidylcholine', 'discordant result single', 'identify snp associated', 'monte carlo mcmc', 'slaughtered near target', 'revealed sixteen', 'usage hypothesized', 'chromosome rfi qtl', 'conducted parallel similar', 'entrepelado iberian variety', 'refined genomic', 'area curve', 'ssc11 c20 ssc17', 'schreb decreased feed', 'total 28', 'using pcr rflp', 'year egg layer', 'mapping variance component', 'confidence determine smaller', 'marker revealed 35', 'red qinchuan hucklebone', 'multibreed gwas larger', 'significant snp obtained', 'chicken mapped', 'acid c14', 'quality trait using', 'level subjected', 'nominal value 10', 'total variance imf', 'variance dataset', 'cation important', '45 phenotypic', 'ag genotype defined', 'challenge designated trait', 'individual fed', 'using genomic relationship', '60 90 120', 'selected population 1171', 'analysis using', 'known qtls', 'cow ability cheese', 'revealed distinct', 'lamb extreme', 'background defect number', 'gene loc781182 002', 'described earlier', 'weight weight carcass', 'effect genotype trait', 'result showed compared', 'exogenous acvr2a induced', 'effect considered', 'hoxd gene critical', 'disease pig represent', 'genetic variation trait', 'control feed', 'investigated 30 ram', 'selection study needed', 'trait markedly', 'incidence lda german', 'predictor performance', 'shown rt qpcr', 'included following lipid', 'used parentage testing', 'simultaneous selection', 'pleiotropic conformed', 'capacity uc', 'reached level suggestive', 'trait production level', 'resistance susceptible', 'mutation untranslated region', 'utilized reconstruct', 'significant locus', 'accumulation fluid', 'chr 20', 'concluded 11 distinct', 'epithelial bend', 'degree dairy', 'research included estimating', 'california classified', 'effect sl9', 'genetic basis fetal', '954 animal used', 'light research', 'gb used conduct', 'linoleic acid 18', 'estimated significant lod', 'weight esw yolk', 'population finland', 'interacting disk protein', 'dissecans ocd genome', 'percentage correlated', 'a80v significant', 'meat quality analysis', 'weight rvtv', 'dna variant coding', 'gestation length 13', 'region multivariate approach', '284 white plymouth', 'association analysis marker', 'population run6 genome', 'supported literature', 'sire gestation length', 'including marker', 'intron fkbp5 gene', 'qtl allele observed', 'insemination ai cnv', 'lactate lac', 'region bta20 55', 'trout line', 'trait unselected population', 'holstein cow test', 'region oar 12', 'genotypings performed', 'chromosomal family combination', 'ldla genome wide', 'close myod1 involved', 'energy status cell', 'german fleckvieh', 'observed conclusion', 'appears major qtl', 'polymorphism snp surpassed', 'calving service bta', 'fitted overall', 'loin ph', 'significantly associated spleen', 'economically important trait', 'color longissimus thoracis', 'trait calving ease', 'bred ram', 'qtl chromosome significant', 'vaccination challenge', 'snp70 beadchip performed', 'localized oar11 commercial', 'ebv 177 sow', 'represent important qtl', 'prrsv free environment', '3290c thr1097asp allele', 'applied granddaughter', 'trait pig founder', 'sheep completed', 'snp segregating', 'fkbp6 mutation', 'weight measured f2', 'focused exclusively gga1', 'imf longissmus', 'report multibreed', 'snp64 representing major', 'beadchip performed gwa', 'increasing carcass body', 'using illumina equine', 'quality high proportion', 'architecture sexual ornament', '000 animal dairy', 'putative snp marker', 'model twinning dichotomous', 'snp set total', 'infection antibiotic placed', 'protein yield', 'swiss jersey 64', 'suggest snp gdf5', 'hap3 05', 'test mendelian mode', '060 016 polymorphism', 'gene flanking', 'study prompted', 'total 515 bull', 'fat content trait', '16 landrace boar', '688 gene', 'data candidate gene', '05 respectively conclusion', '76 355', 'dominant qtl bodyweight', 'revealed heterozygous snp', 'quality product objective', 'populations genomewide', 'mutation litter size', 'proposed list', 'mammary specific', 'independent finally', 'linkage npl', 'using ct', 'cost prompt', 'blackheaded mutton deutsches', 'region chromosome selected', 'backfat chromosome', 'snp chip', 'reactivity human', 'far known influence', 'f2 pig carrying', 'round lambing identification', 'quality measured', 'area significantly influenced', 'category include', 'protein xirp2', 'complex longitudinal', 'qtl tibia weight', 'variance 91 12', 'acid trans vaccenic', 'map qtl economic', '447g allele', 'variation divergent adult', 'snp significant chromosome', 'qtl detected testicular', 'marker sw2409 sw839', 'pcr technique obtained', 'analysis interval sscs', 'mitf candidate', 'encephalopathy clinical mastitis', 'unaffected animal', 'hatched chick', 'snp flanking', 'present study 135', 'iowa state university', 'provide evidence effect', 'rate correction snp', 'affected shank length', 'strong statistical support', 'illumina usa', 'f2 population polymorphism', 'phu 05 incidence', 'cryptic allele study', 'sire calving', 'fraction qtl appears', 'substitution c1924t significant', 'beef breed snp', 'black beef cattle', 'suggest gc gene', 'regarding modification', 'po2 base', 'statistically significant association', 'marker disease resistance', 'enhances 18', 'record management raleigh', 'consequence led raised', 'using representative', 'duroc pig studied', 'yolk formation', 'weight milk', 'bta6 bta9', '05 animal set', 'proof adjustment', 'likelihood score', 'oestrous sheep significantly', 'expression level porcine', 'variance control fewer', 'early late', 'trait evaluation snp', 'nineteen qtlrs', 'weight measurement female', 'detected individual family', 'data included high', 'group complex', 'gene enrichment analysis', 'test previously', 'significance set 28', 'cmp trait able', 'primarily exclusively little', 'stratification analyzed', 'data 11 horse', 'association study 10', 'testing analysis conducted', 'limousin cross', 'detection livestock', 'chicken material', 'quality phenotype available', 'confirmed application', 'qtl distal', 'repeat strong', '251 253 259', '24 marker', '572 progeny', 'evidence effect disease', 'wg pwg', 'polymorphism linked quantitative', 'increase heritability 28', '114 iberian landrace', 'estimate additive genetic', 'beef cattle producer', 'contributes number', 'correction multiple comparison', 'nw conducted using', 'wagyu limousin breed', 'analysis confirms variation', 'detected snp snp', 'sire half', 'contained fkbp5 gene', 'pool constructed based', 'elucidate function anxa10', 'assessed finding suggests', 'mb galnt13 xin', 'search result public', '10 analysed data', 'deeper pedigree', 'family size', 'pair position using', 'related gene bola', 'set cft equation', 'gene deduced', 'analyzed chromosome', 'protein 49 65', 'animal model incorporating', 'number analysis using', 'excluded totaling', 'significant level addition', 'emmax approach combination', 'consists 212', 'correlated positively pc1', 'recent l1 insertion', 'pig breed world', 'lma performed 328', 'corrected value 057', 'greatly reproductive', 'chr locus synteny', 'qtl responsible 11', 'fertility growth discerned', 'family total', 'gene selected genotyped', 'signalling socs2 plexinc1', 'bb ab', 'level allergen specific', 'lesion type', 'dimension fat lm', 'overlap region identified', 'proposed polygenic inheritance', 'resistance gastro', 'qtl located major', 'qtl accomplish', 'gwas identified variant', 'reverse transcriptase quantitative', 'result identified 17', 'egg laying intensity', 'population qtl affecting', 'involved hair', 'significant association observed', 'attraction lymphocyte binding', 'lipid accretion suggestive', 'explained observed phenotypic', '20 cm interval', '19 27', 'furthermore significance', 'response mechanism', 'region 100', 'result important implication', 'status specificity qtl', 'total 770 000', 'linear model perform', '371 v371m', 'model genotype obtained', 'effect snp explained', 'gb used', 'intron acsl1', 'tbg genotype covariates', 'combining significant', 'defined combination', 'perform ssgwas', 'include leg', 'reached 105 kg', 'clinical chemical', 'tc e2', 'tt 93 ng', 'pig industry effect', 'mastitis production', 'suggest prkag2 mature', 'genetic variation lead', 'trait 719', 'probability quantitative', 'weaning estrus', 'contraction furthermore pathway', 'affecting bl', 'genome scan udder', 'parity gilt', 'rs137673193 significantly', 'steer bull exhibited', 'quality thesis pig', 'health economy mean', 'observed 928g', 'window region harbored', 'bull significant effect', 'replacement cost decade', 'related mastitis udder', 'gene relevant total', '10718g 10936g', 'expression imbalance', '20 10', 'signalling molecule considered', 'cloned homologous', 'network associated mastitis', 'selected feed', 'different transcript', 'grazing faecal sample', 'microsatellite marker arranged', 'scd thrsp gene', 'classified fat cover', 'mb addition single', 'tested dgat1 tg', 'factor belonging transforming', 'significantly 0001 associated', 'body length', 'deviation resulted', 'fabp4_μsat3237 qtl', 'evidence twinning rate', 'range foetal', 'family 191 genotyped', 'work trait related', 'qtl model multiple', '119 33 119', 'tumour formation', 'specie nematode', 'corrected phenotype somatic', 'screen exploited', 'syndrome virus', 'associated cwt 001', 'wise significant snp', '98 family', 'chromosome shown significantly', 'value 19', 'dairy cattle production', 'determination radiologic change', 'breed common genome', 'genetic variation locus', 'relating glycolytic potential', 'ass population difference', 'correlation body weight', 'association irf3', 'meishan data', 'location unadjusted analysis', 'identity mammalian abcg2', 'gene screened single', 'relatively recent', 'evident symptom', 'qtl effect reported', 'dairy dorset', 'quality trait 18', 'effect observed prkag3', 'hsd17b14 addition', '960 f2 progeny', 'seminiferous tubular diameter', 'primary immune response', 'process metabolic', 'genome trait fat', 'beadchip available 272', 'mixed model 12', 'despite relevance information', 'level 01', 'piedmontese angus', 'study functional', 'insight biology lp', 'marker pig chromosome', 'study validate', '3533t 3691g', 'data coli', 'beef age', 'reduction variance explained', 'itih snp itih', 'lascs scs', 'polymorphism neuroendocrine', 'scd snp rs41623887', 'jacob sheep', 'used genome association', 'greater marker', 'growth reproductive', 'mass egg production', 'defined ibd', 'fasn ankh explained', 'unsaturation index enriched', '3α hin1i mspi', 'study soay domestic', '10b wnt10b differentially', 'yield percentage composition', 'higher cab castrated', 'individual bonferroni corrected', 'wisconsin uw daughter', 'retn ryr1', 'lonrf1 uncovered', 'bovine chromosome 19', 'vitamin result', 'origin roan', 'md hd', 'enzyme involved fatty', 'direct calving trait', 'background heat stress', 'suggestive 05 qtl', '1018 bp', 'c10 lauric', 'microsatellite bm1500', 'population 743', 'adaptive immune taking', 'variant using genome', 'indicator region', 'igf2 gene detectable', '23 32', 'established marker', 'chromosome chest width', 'production trait cattle', 'generation snp', '239 warmblood', 'result strongly support', 'unless stated', '14 15 16', 'lamb carcass', 'finding independent population', 'gene genetic effect', '12 3020a', 'influence beta', 'sw322 sw607', 'obtained crossing shamo', 'based breeding', 'breeding program weighted', 'high throughput chip', 'extreme male', 'specific coagulase', 'trait dairy cattle', '442 met', 'cell score fat', 'dominance effect generally', 'mapping interval progeny', 'marker sperm', 'pp primarily', 'phosphate isomerase protein', 'sire commercial dam', 'involved fatty', 'beadchip immune', 'error probability 013', 'phenotyped shear', 'progeny qtl corresponding', 'evaluation project', 'quality genotype indicated', 'ggaz glm', 'inner root sheath', 'reveal polymorphism total', 'showed time qtl', 'swine chromosome ssc6', 'gene underlying growth', 'use higher density', 'wrinkle development', 'health burden addition', 'mortality face mdv', 'tibia 82 control', '24 association 18', 'feather pecking using', 'pde4b1 pde4b3 contain', 'cattle includes frequent', 'affected lp1', 'allow pork producer', 'binding site transcription', 'locus valuable', 'information identify haplotype', 'ease strong', 'muscularity improved', 'carotene dioxygenase', 'control design', 'selected model', 'associated higher growth', 'multi trait test', 'taking place', 'gga2 mapped', 'snp rs29018921', 'cm used chromosome', 'association term', 'genetic mechanism correlated', 'berkshire duroc breed', 'study significantly associated', 'carcass weight conformation', 'identify causative mutation', 'important tropical', 'carried firstly potential', '327c 562g 3112c', 'cd bl hw', 'construct milk dna', 'difference growth', 'determinant dairy cattle', 'abt 31 21', 'difference bos taurus', 'conclude 928g', 'identified ssc1 76', 'oxytocin signaling', '231 sire grandsire', 'marker used confirm', 'animal linkage analysis', 'associated specific milk', 'eu large', 'performance reduce time', 'affect gonadotropic', 'invading parasite conclusion', 'represents complete genome', 'tissue northeast agricultural', 'gain backfat', 'marking maximum likelihood', 'gr hypothalamus combined', 'effect male female', 'regulatory sequence major', 'refined analysis', 'living animal population', 'range phenotype result', 'adipocytokine il 1a', 'associated studied trait', 'substitution effect validation', 'selective sweep qtl', '01 fat', 'occurrence clinical', 'feed intake unexpected', 'using video', 'putative role demographic', 'involved growth', 'respectively accurate small', 'slco4c1 st8sia4 fam174a', 'red dr', 'girth regulatory region', 'public acceptance', 'developmental qtl chromosome', 'detected linkage', 'detected rt 24', 'level using specialized', 'fecl non carrier', 'optimum performance far', 'chromosome ssc3 01', 'total analyzed 39', 'affected paternal half', 'mineral essential', 'white sow', 'mrna level higher', 'sheep lead accurate', 'trait bmt animal', 'cpg island association', 'value btb susceptibility', 'pig sire base', 'summary previously', 'large number record', 'individual improved', 'exon 21 confirmed', 'related bw70 fcr', '12 corresponded', 'association total 52', 'underlying qtl2 slc9a3r1', 'signature study', 'function simulation', 'ovum polymorphism', 'model fat', 'porcine f2 crosses', '29 46 hanoverian', 'rib bft average', 'secondary effect resulting', 'change lactation', 'candidate snp enrichment', 'alternative disease', 'segregation additional qtl', 'affect tenderness commercial', 'property crossbred pig', 'study conducted genome', 'highly parallel bovinesnp50', 'bull pool dna', '35 56', 'f2 population using', 'infrared spectrometry evidence', 'selective genomic scan', 'ssc7 significant', 'bta6 differing unambiguously', 'friesian jersey', 'present associated', 'backfat thickness bf', 'factor myf qtl', 'high incidence', 'measurement 350 male', 'reduced calf', 'considered deformed', 'aggressive peck', 'insertion analysed', 'principally focused', 'resource population derived', 'respectively result present', 'identified using', 'siw cm ssc4', 'acute thermal challenge', 'allele increased age', 'improvement program laboratory', 'test result bta', 'used set significance', 'confidence possible breed', 'showed striking variation', 'significant qtls eca2', 'ca binding', 'age bird measured', '3000 year ago', 'genetic correlation number', 'designing primer', 'social reproductive', 'increasing decrease dtd', 'regulating age', 'test model used', '74 snp detected', 'allele lp given', 'color parameter', 'muscle fiber trait', 'respectively snp affecting', 'pcr reaction', 'complete association', 'protein lactose yield', 'specific lysine residue', 'year australia host', 'increased mastitis', 'aflp band family', 'associated maternal stillbirth', 'gene bioinformatics', 'insight muscle mass', 'marker mapping', 'marker assisted', 'trans eqtl region', 'derived variant', 'population specific association', 'urine milk causing', 'associated rfi danish', 'respectively 21 significant', 'comb color 20', 'angus 176', 'epistatic interaction contributing', 'hatch adulthood', 'genetic architecture vertebral', 'composition trait', 'work facilitated', 'enabled enlarge', 'term related', 'genome difficult clearly', 'production industry', 'target mitigating effect', 'association analysis reveal', 'comparison wise error', 'animal threshold model', 'sow conclusion data', 'allow differentiation', 'ripk2 identify', 'observed difference ram', 'signifies presence underlying', 'chromosome 15 significant', 'metabolism qtl', 'underlying acop', '2015 breeding', 'unique f2', 'haplotype polymorphism apob', 'identification 58', '01 qtl ssc1', 'number genbank dq474064', 'weight birth month', 'gene associated different', 'chromosome qtls qtl', 'ucr2 pde4b2 contains', '510 awassi', 'region fixed', 'enriched reactome', 'mlc carcass', 'cell differentiation process', 'related muscularity', 'tuberculosis btb susceptibility', 'conclusion conclusion', 'making interpretation genome', 'sequencing result', '57 cm pig', 'memorial field', 'milk trait', 'largest effect proportion', 'bird active shackle', 'rs29021868 rs110061498', 'landrace herd', 'merino maternal', '10 14 18', 'region conclusion', 'pedigree individual', 'nervous sheep snp', 'genetic parameter female', 'diameter different', 'qtl marbling mar', 'colour pig predisposes', 'poultry production', 'ability approach fit', 'indicator trait', 'construction evaluate effect', 'trait nucleotide marker', 'milk gwas discover', 'outbred rainbow', 'skin fold', 'utility genomic', 'originates polish holstein', 'bta27 multitrait', 'distribution qtl position', 'rare variant', 'allele increase comb', 'spanned 24', 'chromosome 18 71', 'relationship matrix phenotype', 'weight 26 28', 'data combination', 'indicated slc45a2 chromosome', 'holstein cattle milk', 'farrowing reduced', 'g142a t12495c snp', 'mapped wk', '63 sixteen chromosome', 'vartnb located gene', '0e 07 additional', 'breadth 12', 'array genomically', 'showed trait heritable', 'new partial', 'encodes rate', 'swiss cow', 'snp variability tnb', 'number known gene', 'regulate process', 'significant value based', 'statistic position 26', 'hsa1 95', 'assumed eu pig', 'including arid1a', 'qtl analysis qtl', 'interval identified positional', 'approach regression', 'weight covariable univariate', 'autosome chromosome new', 'performed explore', '06 ew', 'intra mammary', 'furthermore significant snp', 'relevant ssc8', 'analysis log', 'depth 017', '14 significantly differentially', '17 18 explained', 'resistance map accurately', 'warrant genotyping', 'result refine mapped', 'myod family', 'association study collection', 'affect newly', 'period oar18 detected', 'riboflavin content', '01 padmscs', 'maasai breed developed', 'searched genome sequence', 'separate gene close', '10 sick cow', 'mutation ser15ile', 'china consumer', 'content 60', 'carried considering window', 'fasn peroxisome proliferator', 'related body height', 'revealed powerful target', '24 single nucleotide', 'order gene linked', 'infection instance study', 'rgs4 dbh maoa', 'indicated variance', 'mb chicken', 'riboflavin little known', '15 udder', 'apex2 gene', 'association snp vstm1', 'association analysis conducted', 'refine number position', 'ssc2 13', 'array seven', 'disorder ii', 'cattle breed', 'ontology interaction discussed', 'milk production healthy', 'development pathway', 'significant difference year', 'chemical residue tarnish', 'locus conclusion', 'identified displayed', 'taurus association growth', 'trait response', 'suspensory ligament contrast', 'genetic breeding', 'accuracy observed disease', 'greater parameterization', 'gland cause significant', 'ile442met ncapg protein', 'threshold qtl detection', 'genotypic probability computed', 'promotes inflammation induces', 'association a868g carcass', 'total 42 manchega', 'teat count enhance', 'varying size', 'buffalo encodes putative', 'underlying snp', 'help identify', 'compressed mixed', 'tsp direct', 'contained genetic variant', 'conclusion total 276', 'increase growth', 'provide preliminary evidence', 'aimed verify polymorphism', 'qtl ssc5 ssc8', 'future genome', 'interferon gamma', 'significant effect fatty', 'additional microsatellites chromosome', 'region gene sire', 'used genome sequence', 'gene known involvement', 'genomic resource present', 'colour evolution', 'erectness major', 'swine chromosome resequenced', 'ryanodin receptor ryr1', 'circumference quality', 'kg 115', '12 24', 'genome partitioning', 'mb genotyping', 'brsv specific', '50 cm', '860 chicken', 'test contribution microarray', '50k bovine bead', 'mapped eqtl potential', 'association contribution genetic', 'ram british commercial', 'making property', 'produced f1 family', 'showing nonzero', 'snp eca10 represent', 'profile important indicator', 'sheep goat susceptibility', 'thickness effect commonly', 'weight 01', 'hormone play important', 'color color score', 'set 400 berkshire', 'marker causative genetic', '58 member', 'tenthrib qtl', 'probability associated change', 'large validation', 'covariance regional genomic', 'based lactation stage', '25 phenotypic', 'strategy evoke', 'close osteopontin gene', 'confirmed snp haplotype', 'linked birth weight', 'comprised 260', 'list 536', 'qtl initially', 'measured identified 85', 'sd 018', 'selection growth induce', 'cheesemaking property enhance', 'line etiologic', 'little research date', 'orthopedics severity', 'genomic novo sequencing', 'growth immune response', 'hatchability ha', 'bone cartilage development', 'trait model survey', 'close promoted candidate', 'breeding value prediction', 'test time determine', 'used quality', 'morphogenesis effect', 'conductivity qtl', 'pig goal', 'primarily affected causative', 'normality dna', '279 transcript trait', 'familiar unfamiliar animal', 'different lei0258 allele', 'suggest fabp psmc1', 'mediates vertebrate hedgehog', 'offspring survival', 'region gene act', 'intake trait rarely', 'infer additional genetic', 'rare modern', 'accurately reveal interaction', 'minzhu sow period', 'mortality economic', 'result support possible', 'resulting copy wild', 'interaction let', 'qtl ssc8 consistent', 'early pregnancy', 'combined comb', 'bf bf', 'used pseudophenotypes', 'imf accretion independently', 'genome regression approach', 'growth discerned', 'strength genotype associated', 'included analysis linkage', 'milk production knowledge', 'cby1 limk2', 'fcr genotyped using', 'quality nutritive value', 'point significant', 'backcross pedigree previously', 'trait analyzed sa', 'long term individual', 'phenotypic variance addition', 'resistance newly identified', 'trait estimated compared', 'trait future breeding', '131 hd 1052', 'window additive genetic', 'expression performed using', 'suhuai sh', 'human mitochondrial', 'identification genomic', 'identified snp based', 'ubf qtl indicating', 'carried region growth', '22 qtl accounted', 'included faecal egg', 'reduce aggression', 'gwas end point', 'quality trait objective', 'wise level significant', 'genetic diagnostic marker', 'association particularly', 'relate association', 'worldwide considerable', 'substitution acylcoa', 'located confidence interval', 'conducted multiple', 'seventy snp trait', 'gene conclusion present', 'bta 22 sire', 'chromosome somatic', 'wrinkle uneven concave', 'st kilda uk', 'eca3 affect body', '01 immunocrit value', 'incorporated using single', 'accretion feed intake', 'backfat thickness bft1', 'damage response innate', 'secondary haemonchus contortus', 'variant concordant', 'decrease average', 'increase fecundity', 'polymorphism located undiscovered', 'element harness', 'observation demonstrate', 'segregating f41 adhesion', 'early later', '164a 928g', 'significantly affected probability', 'effect iga level', 'dominant result total', 'small notable', 'estimate 29 46', 'affect live', 'reactivity 20 generation', 'locus association snp', 'application commercial', 'fat imf minolta', 'herewith investigated genetic', 'line result qtl', 'reached highest multipoint', 'potentially amenable', 'sire serum', '45 day ssc6', 'region detected', 'phosphoribosyltransferase oligodendrocyte', 'pig husbandry breeding', 'respiratory disease infectious', '125 marker', 'far important', 'f2 hen cross', 'property crossbred', 'stress exposure physical', 'used realize genome', 'particular suggest gene', 'comparison quantitative', 'program lameness index', 'ssc13 84', 'bull bull station', 'mutation 200', 'morphs maintained face', 'unreplicated identify', 'sscx snp assigned', 'inra broiler line', 'ratio cd4 cd8', 'addition understanding', 'temperament study', '11 12 17', 'gwas component', 'qtl corresponding human', 'important role immune', 'controlling gin infection', 'described associated appetite', '115 marker genotyped', 'promoter acaca gene', 'variant located promoter', 'cattle important safety', '01 parity', 'explaining large fraction', 'important role control', 'excluded gene qtl', 'region intronic', 'polymorphism gene current', 'igf1 kdm5a gene', 'degenerative neural', 'different morphological', 'red 126', '22 61 49', 'analysis region yielded', 'dik5248 silv', 'usefulness modelling epistasis', 'variation fat', 'count mscc complex', 'influence single nucleotide', 'tnfrsf11a zcchc2 phlpp1', 'calf size adult', '17 02', 'ldl receptor present', 'qtl utilised marker', 'ssc14 encodes enzyme', 'genotype 2379cc', 'genotyped 34 microsatellite', 'day ungulate wild', 'future livestock', 'causal variant responsible', 'effect previously', 'nearby candidate', 'fold adult bull', 'assay liver', 'impairment certain', 'rs110527224 rs42766480', 'segregating purebred', '30 25', '126 876', 'using set', 'detection association', 'interval mapping method', 'concentration main mineral', 'identified provides evidence', 'promising region located', 'gene scd1', 'family bcwd selected', 'university wisconsin uw', 'autophagy critical step', 'process wish network', 'polymorphism snp nr6a1', 'selected fat deposition', '31 mb syntenic', 'count fec collected', 'ssc1 12 contained', 'individual lmh', 'trait population 123', 'associated congenital', '50 increase growth', 'klf family zinc', 'concentration snp rs109663724', 'difference actual', 'impact human health', 'disease cattle', 'interval 21', '12 fatty', 'trait estimate effect', 'promoter function', 'association bcdo2 9367', 'attributed scd gene', 'analysis pedigree difference', 'concentration 950 copies', 'sixteen putative qtl', '269 microsatellite', 'occurs horse livestock', 'gtf2ird1 utrn tmem138', 'boar taint undesirable', 'eye area pig', 'vrq susceptible', 'testing famt', '02 sire', 'adapted breed comprehensively', 'cd body slope', 'hg chicken meat', 'prolonged expression skip', 'detection 200 significant', 'group derived crossing', 'meishan breed large', 'score compared lw', 'public acceptance investigate', 'significant snp nearby', 'using separate', 'causing wider', 'gene emerging', 'variant underlie genetic', 'developing country use', '20 total qtl', 'gompertz parameter', 'secondary tertiary', 'variant help genetic', 'causing muscle', 'fabp 127 junmu', 'snp effect weighted', 'inositol polyphosphate', 'genotyped 600k', 'linkage prnp qtl', 'characterization qtls fact', 'multiple testing genomic', 'growth factor tgfβ', 'laminitis fgf12', 'landrace pig respectively', 'ssc12 mb', 'detected 600 cnv', 'pair provides', 'animal august', '149 89 mb', '55 rest genome', 'survivor control analyzed', 'limited expressed', 'development fat metabolism', 'solute carrier organic', 'effect trajectory characterized', 'hw qtl segregating', 'combination classified', 'method grammar', 'trait permutation', 'sequence identified 12', 'including chloride', 'site showed good', 'result allowed', 'fat yield uw', 'near myostatin gene', 'snp identified exon', 'trait genetically related', 'respectively qtl ph', 'weight ww daily', 'fprs detection', 'trait performed nanyang', 'inhibition myostatin', 'genomic region discussion', 'culture large', 'high low weight', 'snp created', 'subsequently 634 single', '672 son fa', 'background delineating', 'binding protein siva1', 'seven eighty snp', 'hwe 000001 pair', 'utrn tmem138 dpyd', 'alter protein product', 'composition located pig', 'high indexing', 'start site 1001t', 'inheritance soay', 'snp gene 14k', 'variant foxp1', 'intron fifth exon', 'respectively chromosome', 'character chromosome angularity', 'selection criterion pig', 'pigment inhibiting allele', 'addition method', 'chromosomal region attained', 'tag snp dna', 'value temperature', 'segment chicken chromosome', '058 001 chi2', 'lipid metabolism mammal', 'ovine mstn sequence', 'depends power', 'presence carcass', 'significant signal chromosome', 'using illumina 60', 'ease direct', 'mapping feed intake', '12 suggestive locus', '150 435a', 'occurrence osteochondrosis selected', 'region controlling tick', '0120 significant comparison', 'trait feather crested', 'regulation lascs', 'used 203 microsatellite', 'process endochondral ossification', 'genotyped initially', 'offer new', 'milk yield adjusted', 'study contribute identify', 'validate previously discovered', 'zn mg', 'trait protein fat', 'group approximately', 'porcine cast', 'qtl fat yield', 'ham capable', 'rfi located bta', 'test day somatic', 'estimate 35 large', 'result hepatic transcriptome', 'mdfi gnmt', 'footrot score molecular', 'analysis single snp', 'qtls meat', 'expression positional candidate', 'danish red family', 'bull trait', 'region prlr', 'assessed rao related', '28 window identified', 'snp corrected', 'narrowed cm resulting', 'spaced gga5 qtl', 'component restricted', 'includes transcription factor', 'respectively rt pcr', 'variation adg genotyping', 'category pigmented', 'phosphorus concentration polymorphism', 'amino acids cattle', 'position lm', 'extensively studied farm', 'higher risk', 'value 0e', '490 purebred', 'population approach identify', 'lightness redness', 'spanned cm', 'deregressed analysis', '216 hanoverian stallion', 'alteration physiology', '33 snp identified', '266 bp additionally', 'transcription factor recognition', 'inbred line leghorn', 'snp included', 'microsatellite marker ssc', 'crossing breed commercial', 'cysteine glycine rich', '0013 remaining', 'detected cebpd', 'pic ranged 2768', 'regulated steroid', 'drd3 drd4 significantly', 'vertebra mammalian specie', 'multivariate analysis provided', 'haematological parameter measured', '93 bovine', 'calcium level', 'despite depth', 'ct bird', 'haem score qtl', 'economy growth differentiate', 'genomic dna 1362', 'structure certain animal', 'mass pig', 'gli2 identified', 'ssc3 13', 'blonde aquitaine', 'adaptation required egg', 'reduced association seen', 'pig addition', 'igf1 igf2 lep', 'fabp4 characterized associated', 'focusing chromosomal region', '071 004 286', 'significantly suggestively associated', 'overlap snp group', 'infanticide extreme', 'trait significant variability', '10718g 10893a', 'cattle snp 440t', 'muscle finding provide', 'lamb homozygous lepr', 'qtl explained 17', 'leg health longer', 'variation mammalian genome', 'distribution haplotype', 'breed propose', '44 mb', 'revealed significant snp', 'clearly suggest zbtb38', 'pleasure horse horse', 'significantly associated backfat', 'including body', 'result opposing', 'chromosomal region responsible', 'subsequent study', 'polymorphism 31 polymorphism', 'variance corresponding', 'chromosomewise genomewise', 'snp significant imprinting', 'cw chromosome', 'bta1 bta11', '01 decreased fp', 'weight qtls significant', 'metabolism mb', 'sustained release hormone', '1894 multiparous', 'characterise novel dna', 'disorder method applied', 'iib ssc14 relative', 'haemonchus contortus trichostrongylus', 'sample bw', 'different founder breed', 'order clearly identify', 'region interval snp8', 'biochemical process including', 'sc holstein cattle', 'account small', 'african cattle', 'depends pathogen factor', 'ggaz data', 'study identified', 'quality characteristic', 'ultimate ph muscle', 'virus peptide fmdv', 'presence significant quantitative', '001 single nucleotide', 'mspi polymorphism', 'disequilibrium breed haplotype', '26 28 sharp', 'expression sox', 'genetic architecture antibody', 'mouse cattle', '24 27', '38 unaffected', '43 accomplished 10', 'difficulty dcd maternal', 'showed hgd', 'coldspot 34', 'decr1 substitution 160g', 'explore effect', 'la performed', 'accounting 12', 'weight passive immune', 'qtl analysis infection', 'evaluated previously high', 'incorporating effect', 'addition applied proposed', 'sex intramuscular', 'different lr lw', 'additional source', 'qinchuan beef cattle', 'associated variation fatty', 'fabp4 mapped', 'diplotypes h3h7', '321c microsatellite bm1500', 'report suggestive', 'harboring known immunity', 'inside region identified', '996 972 phenotypic', 'variance respectively meishan', 'gene resulted', 'grade carcass', 'rest breed multitrait', 'chip total', 'forming binding', 'male female animal', 'ssc4 region 19', 'muscle specific promoter', 'assay indicated gh', 'production trait population', 'acid initial', 'conclusion pparg cebpa', 'ovlv control', 'size trait commercial', 'analysis genotypic', 'gene presence eqtl', '13 reached', 'gallus gallus location', 'german angus', 'slope equal', 'approach used result', 'phenotypically extreme chicken', 'weight chromosome', 'beadchip possible', 'economy growth', 'considered essential', 'tenth rib', 'enriched gwas', '012 genome wide', 'igf2 located conditioned', 'totally 83', '001 interbreed', 'pak prediction equation', 'used identify association', 'rps6ka2 figf', 'chromosome 24 locus', 'body weight feed', 'bovine gene', 'cbfa2t2 bta13', 'thickness loin mc', 'snp2 9924c untranslated', 'italian holstein italian', 'gene structured', '05 snp07 exhibited', 'position 55', 'located upstream lcorl', 'used evidence', 'compared unaffected calf', 'aa ab ac', 'production reduce carcass', 'score locus affecting', 'fra chinese', 'torsional strength test', '13 month', 'requires knowledge', 'feasibility using new', 'breed quantitative', 'human und', 'marker recombination occurred', 'qingyu pig subjected', 'main candidate', 'make animal resistant', 'locus tested departure', 'intron 20', 'significantly associated ocd', 'comparison dam suggest', 'gene dach1 located', 'observation qtl report', 'detected meishan cross', 'pulmonary disease asthma', 'analysis confirmed significant', 'virus mdv md', 'algorithm help complete', 'trait applying', 'gene increasing litter', 'identification common', 'fec necropsied', 'trait 105 snp', 'originate finnish landrace', 'trait result confirmed', 'quality trait future', 'detect 12 quantitative', 'cornea occur', 'second outbreak respectively', 'marker 18 snp', 'slaughter ultrasonic', 'content composition trait', 'known red meat', 'research screened', 'weight drumsticks', 'mdh1 snp ssc3', 'frequency pparγ', 'present commercial', 'intake efficiency', 'genetic variability trait', '60 mbp', 'thickness bft loin', 'resistance disease crossed', 'analysis milk fat', 'phenotypic trait including', 'increase cost meat', 'lfec0 lfec1', 'lald conducted accurately', 'examined positional', 'study recent', 'pathway includes rock', 'generate statistic', 'fourfold identified', 'life 11 cm', 'scenario single step', 'sequence based gwas', 'regulated development porcine', '119 33 cm', 'trait heterozygote diplotype', '27 cattle', 'arr allele analysis', 'constructed sire marker', 'proteolysis assessment', 'discovered linked gene', 'car detected', 'mapped swine', 'pspl3 exon', 'swine breeding', 'lamb responding gastrointestinal', 'ancestor used', 'polygenic control', 'duroc founder animal', 'estimated 123', 'genome furthermore utilized', 'snp lactation stage', 'single grandsire family', 'structure forecasting', 'similarity 73 member', 'sperm motility thawed', 'confidence interval qtl', 'selection strategy qtl', 'chromosome wide snp', 'md gene irg1', '93 96 myoglobin', '24 harbour qtl', 'recombination marker genotyped', 'biological pathway peroxisome', 'equine genetic', 'regarding chemical residue', 'proliferator activated', 'population soay sheep', 'sheep multiparous sheep', 'apoh pedf slco1b3', 'qinchuan cattle missense', 'rate homozygous lower', 'squared value identified', 'bone male high', 'functional domain', 'identified qtl positive', 'conclusion pparg', 'f2 population 000', 'threshold identified total', 'total unsaturated', 'association ultrasound marbling', 'qtl position bta04', 'acth stimulated', 'breed expression genome', '23 vertebra probably', 'reproduction trait', 'microrna mir', 'specific enzyme protein', '16 ultrasound', 'gene actually', 'hoxd cluster', 'qtl commercial pig', '61 transition', 'effect position', 'locus allow accurate', 'seven rainbow trout', 'snp mainly gene', 'internally comparing opposite', 'qtls detected qtl', 'increased prolificacy', 'identified frequency mutant', 'perform genome', 'provides starting', 'se 01 yw', 'shedding good', 'chip marker', 'pathogenic influenza', 'trait literature overlapping', 'starting point fine', 'ssc5 coq9 ssc6', '83 mb significant', 'pig extreme', 'suffolk lamb used', 'formation primarily affect', 'uni multiple qtl', 'gene fat1 qtl', 'pregnant non', 'located ssc5', 'successfully verified', 'equally distributed 29', 'thirds qtl', 'localized 200', '40 16 20', 'identified 688', 'sequencing ng data', 'ssc qtl', 'afe important production', 'pre requisite', 'cattle bos indicus', '696 animal 16', 'marker association using', 'intake unit gain', 'role embryo survival', 'mixed inheritance animal', 'screened genetic polymorphism', 'qtls backfat thickness', 'cm fine mapped', 'result microsatellite', 'practice beneficial', 'affected stallion', 'equation derived', 'combination 23 total', 'revealed strong phylogeographic', 'utt qtl', 'sperm parameter dfi', '532 genotyped', 'additionally bird', 'gwas regional heritability', 'obesity related disease', 'water ion soluble', 'confirmed nesfatin regulate', 'simultaneous dimensional search', 'force region', 'afe bioinformatics analysis', 'observed family', 'resistance trait', 'haplotype 13', 'non reactors', 'male reproductive trait', 'direction previously identified', '462 day egg', 'swine industry enabling', 'grandparent white duroc', 'pcr association', 'ability pta 1287', 'oxygenated series', 'showing genome', 'decrease false', '493 753 total', 'provides valuable', 'design using mixed', 'extent r2 linkage', 'carcass analysis suggest', 'c16 content', 'method nineteen', 'cm 129 cm', 'disease resistance improved', 'bone density', '51 mb region', 'locus qtl contain', '243 sweden uasms2', 'likelihood technique iii', 'breeding use', 'clinical mastitis lie', 'mb conclusion', 'reduce excessive fat', 'treated missing', 'content cp', 'size qtl acted', '44 672', 'reported meat quality', 'contributed observed', 'involvement cns', 'us_m ssc2 ssc3', 'qtls ssc10 ulceration', 'adipocyte fatty', 'variation numerous qtl', 'especially jinghai yellow', 'conclusion validated marker', 'locus low moderate', 'pig anal atresia', 'provided needed', 'effect allelic substitution', 'fetal growth carcass', 'identified ssc', 'boundary candidate gene', 'region positional candidate', 'pi bta2 marker', 'estimated result', 'adjacent known qtl', 'architecture female ornament', 'ebv single', 'leucocyte phenotype showed', 'animal health', 'used marker assisted', 'additional case control', 'included xuelong xl', 'study suggest significant', 'qtl heritable inverted', 'region domestic', 'growth process beef', 'selective neutrality reduced', 'regression method applied', 'mtpap mitochondrial', 'thawed sperm motility', 'bf shown', 'including grb14', 'c14 study demonstrated', 'multi locus association', 'allele association analysis', 'marbling recorded', 'mutation g489a asp224asn', 'response lp tnfα', 'associated ketosis', 'remained association analysis', 'form basis analysis', 'study shank length', 'variation cv', 'cattle selection animal', 'ghr gene', 'c18 rs320439526 implying', 'predicted herd', 'identified segregating', 'tissue following', 'influenced selection', '10 49 gga24', 'different rao', 'pla2g7 gene previously', 'analysis workshop', 'plag1 lyn wwox', 'heifer pregnant', 'trajectory 54', 'abomasal lymph', 'normal ahr cn', 'significant association rao', '14 25 region', 'prevalence 46', 'fleckvieh bta5', 'observed disease', 'fraction dyd variance', 'protein percentage italian', 'snp window explained', 'inverse number insemination', 'snp particular', 'associated reproduction population', 'incidence 18 human', 'solving direct', 'tibia trait', 'additive dominance dominance', 'content estimated sum', 'quality including ph', 'type allele greater', 'associated cortisol', 'bone length', 'csrnp1 park7 mff', 'plink performed', 'plumage black', 'weight pancreas weight', 'trait swine result', 'status dlk1', 'comparing allele frequency', 'body conformation index', 'underlie important quantitative', 'validate marker unrelated', 'mb centromeric previously', 'allele ay487830', 'erhualian pig highest', 'understanding resistance important', 'bmp15 play', 'wide association using', 'compared regressing rfi', 'contained 13', 'human mouse conclusion', 'information result', 'milk protein confirmed', 'multi trait model', 'scanning qtl', 'ssc6 position 60', '25 cm used', 'acid phenotypic', 'oc significant association', 'permit establishment genetic', 'contains positional candidate', 'genetics hematological trait', 'paper reduced faecal', '39 261 italian', 'imf detected', 'virus strain', 'interestingly chromosomal', 'including snp31', 'pig sscrofa10 obvious', 'growth rate linear', 'identify potential genomic', 'analysis berkshirexyorkshire', '480 purebreed', 'length shortens autumn', 'analysis conducted used', 'controlling trait', 'dataset addition', 'yorkshire resource population', 'prevented conclusive', 'kidney small intestine', 'body weight 10', 'human chromosome 19', '83 database analyzed', 'mutation a455g a497g', 'sequence leptin', 'trait using simple', 'karan fry', 'size genotyping', '03 association', 'snp rs14491030 causing', 'pathway suggesting importance', 'ncapg ile442met locus', 'content trait qtls', 'content muscle fat', 'gene investigation revealed', 'holstein friesian hf', 'humeral breaking strength', 'model position chromosome', 'power lower', 'susceptibility paratuberculosis', 'maternal information', 'production improvement', 'signaling skeletal', 'qtls protein', '31 phenotype', 'preovulatory ovarian follicle', 'confirm qtl twinning', 'animal categorized', 'possible reduce', 'wnt3 gh gene', 'industry increasing', 'animal genotyped porcine', 'determinism trait', 'like glutamate', 'muscle qtl', '417 female animal', 'power 99', 'finally using', '462 canadian', '600k snp panel', 'technological trait', 'background reproductive performance', 'allele texel sheep', 'closely linked marker', 'subunit phosphorylase kinase', 'tgs cholesterol chol', 'approach combine genotyping', 'age sample genotyped', 'affecting different', 'index aim study', 'potential utilization gene', '18 snp', 'acid composition important', 'possible generate', 'related trait lightness', 'natural condition infection', 'related trait conducted', 'prokr1 etaa1', 'report limited', 'snp reached genome', 'utilized development novel', 'marbling 12 cold', 'average piglet birth', 'observed carcass', 'responsible reproduction', 'microsatellites snp', 'pork result prkag3', 'ema 05', 'cattle using 194', 'size normal horned', 'resource applied mapping', 'measured battery', 'genotype used association', 'marbling qtl cm', 'case control analysis', 'effect 433a allele', '325 japanese', '83 genetic variance', 'verified generation sequencing', '694 966 depending', 'gene based', 'haplotype obtained', 'locus qtl 22', 'acid saturated', 'problem rainbow', 'desaturase included additional', 'prompt geneticist', 'gene variant located', 'placental blood flow', 'detected association agreement', 'possible ibh usually', 'heritabilities wg42 vl', 'significantly affect fatty', 'ndufaf6 tns1', 'cow informative microsatellites', 'determining resistance susceptible', '360 cm respectively', 'sc located dach1', '24 transversions 16', 'p17 involved regulation', 'rnaseq data separate', 'employed screen', 'phenotype mixed', 'study validate association', 'thoracic vertebra rib', 'trait covariates', 'addition pedigree trait', 'individual parent', 'hw trait study', 'le involved conformation', 'set complex trait', 'luciferase assay revealed', 'inheritance model analysis', 'sow 05', 'develops utero', 'sequence data exemplarily', 'aimed verify', '42 cm 84', 'gr 93 42', 'weight 23 87', 'ranged 88 37', 'method using deterministic', 'breeding program based', 'ampk involved', 'meat color score', 'kr6 kr9', 'status bone mineralization', 'acid skeletal muscle', 'coincide result identified', 'resulted significantly', 'new hampshire', 'concentration ppn0', 'evidence increased understanding', '562g 3112c', 'variant gene expand', 'berkshire yorkshire population', 'cm 16 41', 'length female', 'human rat', 'liver mrna rt', 'trait relative', 'allele piedmontese allele', 'gwas imply effect', 'developed aim', 'difference proportion cell', 'respectively a80v significant', 'small number marker', 'trait presented', 'wide association conducted', 'different mode inheritance', 'eci2 pcyt2 dcxr', 'variant gene mechanism', 'qtl identified pig', 'model different data', 'resequencing gdf9 point', 'leakage water ion', 'additionally order provide', 'snp panel chinese', 'breeding camkmt gene', 'development body hair', 'moisture content genotyped', '55 70 70', 'described pigqtl', 'genotyped 800', 'mastitis detected', 'model cmlm perform', 'different breed', 'highlight candidate', 'detected ssc6 f2', 'imputed illumina bovinehd', 'associated snp included', 'c18 located', 'candidate gene oc', 'production explore contribution', 'important class', 'network form', 'accounted 73 59', 'snp3_t snp43_g fixed', 'number following', 'gene expression significantly', 'neuroendocrine production', 'bird intercross line', 'including fecbb fecge', 'previously reported meat', 'pb heritability se', 'udder body leg', 'ssc6 ssc11 ssc14', 'characteristic decisive', 'strong favourable genetic', 'snp suited development', '58 single nucleotide', 'model mendelian', 'gene prss2', 'inconclusive reactor', 'mapping accurate', 'trait result demonstrate', 'fatness color', 'qtl different resistance', 'phenotype directly', 'comparison 48', 'cortisol response way', 'enhance host resistance', 'fertility qtl', 'phenotype showed prediction', 'gene znf608', 'induces intron retention', 'prevalence identify susceptibility', 'australian lamb confirm', 'based previous', 'imprinted alternatively', 'conclusion snp used', 'score 11 immune', 'measured f2 population', 'variant tox high', 'member genotyped 313', 'variation evolutionary benefit', 'marker total 55', 'polymorphism snp deposited', 'quality genotype conclusion', 'genetic region explaining', 'different breed 10', 'bp downstream s554331', 'exmoor pony highly', 'bta23 gene good', 'ld site low', 'map qtl twinning', 'modeling entire', 'identified outbreak analysis', 'ucr2 amino', 'position estimated effect', 'study enrichment', 'study estimate allele', 'health issue', 'mapped head', 'snp caspase', '50 13 52', 'hormone neuronal change', 'modest underlying', 'ear used', 'aaa caa', 'motif promoter', 'wildtype red junglefowl', '0652 respectively observed', 'affect ujumqin', 'confirms resistance', 'phenotype derived milk', 'testosterone concentration', 'rate evaluated', 'shown lysosomal proteinase', 'nuclear hormone receptor', 'rs13849381 significantly', 'trait locus composition', 'primiparous cow', 'sc genotype', 'called marbling 12', 'step approach implemented', 'meat trait intramuscular', 'rs41694646 associated 05', 'f2 crossbreds meishan', 'hw lea', 'snp additive', 'different genetic model', '2327 progeny tested', 'closely associated qtl', 'hypothalamus gene', 'genotype iowa', 'family allele', 'numerous qtl complex', 'background better', 'gpat3 cyp2r1', 'qtl area overlapping', 'snp adgtest partly', 'cost decade', 'yorkshire pig ancestry', '43722547a polymorphism significantly', 'broiler heat', 'chromosome associated', 'significantly better body', '19 half sib', 'cie yellowness meat', 'effect error estimated', 'sheep sheep heterozygous', 'analyzed growth fat', 'better collagen', 'background strain c57bl', 'expression markedly reduced', 'area backfat thickness', 'sperm 105', 'power qtl design', '81 screened', 'role implantation', 'bind regulate dlg1', '80 tissue', 'difference strength', 'map tissue', 'qtl 14 growth', 'multibreed experiment', 'population challenge modified', 'day record 189', '12 week 05', 'selection allow significant', 'cnvs rao', 'trafficking data', 'low used', 'detected internal', 'resistance locus', 'complete identification gene', 'applied determine', 'mapping precision shared', 'yield 032 association', 'heritability component score', 'commercial suffolk', 'imf influence flavor', 'affect homeostasis fat', 'week static', 'selection trait result', 'association study detected', 'cattle study identified', 'population linkage', 'control genome', 'statistical computing vienna', 'background mastitis', 'vaccination plasma', 'controlling density contour', 'elongation ratio', 'breed favorable', 'selected genomic region', 'joint leg chump', 'yield protein concentration', 'family trait used', 'seven qtls reported', 'association individual snp', 'subset 161', 'generation commercial broiler', 'gene fabp4 mapped', 'previously associated stature', 'snp tested sole', 'study conduct', 'mutation region', 'correction snp mapping', 'obtained linkage disequilibrium', 'control animal genotyped', 'snp 11040379c confers', 'erbb3 kitlg lef1', 'conformation trait', 'vary degree', 'cured product distinct', 'danish holstein cattle', 'expression genetic effect', 'crossbred beef animal', 'genetic effect averaged', 'superfamily member documented', 'revealed y7f', 'identified commercial finisher', 'seventeen genomic', 'hu sheep nos3', 'aata occurred', 'significant qtl ssc7', 'component determining cost', 'data marker', 'tissue regulation', 'chicken genotyping array', 'taint qtl', 'composition detected', 'genotype 2449gg genotype', 'association ce', 'dairy sire used', 'effective method selection', 'sib population', 'increased structural fragility', 'mapped distal', 'related trait', 'reported function gene', 'greatest impact animal', 'level viral load', 'longitudinal model', 'second breeding', 'high marbled', 'trait including additive', 'location growth qtl', 'chinese holstein result', 'weight hatch time', 'test qtdt', '14 cm spanning', 'index interleukin', 'effect compression', 'detected prim', 'haplotype odc', 'conformation trait related', 'evident aim', 'function widespread', 'artificial insemination ai', 'respectively breadth', 'significance threshold unless', 'correlated suggesting', 'useful reference candidate', 'pinkeye bacterial', 'indigenous sheep investigate', 'snp alga0022658', 'position model result', 'unique snp combined', 'comprising rs14011783 rs14011780', 'atp5b gene', 'marketplace previous', 'dq848681 8227c', 'meishan european pietrain', 'dd genome', 'permuted datasets trait', 'cy rec measure', 'protein lactose lg', 'kept constant', 'occurred frequency 40', '45 gene', 'set 28 10', 'gene amplified', 'population ndei', 'useful maker', 'seventy male calf', 'calving trait furthermore', 'phenotypic variance σ2p', 'exon partial', 'ass population', 'used produce offspring', 'gene associated qtl', 'genetic variability involved', 'record 556 second', 'swiss dairy cattle', 'endothelial differentiation', 'age accounted', 'conclusion pooling strategy', 'approximately 50', 'formation white red', 'variant fshr gene', 'promising candidate', 'important ocular', 'suggestive genetic association', 'association 66', 'teladorsagia circumcincta', 'mc4r 208 792', 'background serum lipid', 'analysis 24 snp', '100 kbp body', 'qtl region ltnb', 'suggest study discover', 'agreement ncccwa genetic', 'diameter 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'prkag3 i199v locus', '39 07', 'pietrain landrace', 'association gwa analysis', '534 f2 hen', 'period received grass', 'sow year lsy', 'herpesvirus md virus', 'canales sesamoidales dc', 'study suggest polymorphism', 'chicken h5h5', 'association analysis highlighted', '445t xirp2 15', 'consisting holstein', '14 new', 'chromosome oar3 largest', 'sire gene genotyped', 'chinese breed', 'fy casein gene', 'resequenced kb fabp5', 'ewe evaluated', 'lr age', 'segment 50 80', 'fat yield bta14', 'progeny based', 'chromosome mb apart', 'component captured using', 'main reason castration', 'specific mineral bovine', 'variation observed ibk', '416 significant', 'describes mapping genetic', 'lp respective lactation', 'trait cytological metabolic', 'important disease swine', 'broiler line based', 'lacking pig', 'cnvrs overlapping 53', 'effect cross synthetic', 'parity 06 ratio', 'relationship quantitative trait', 'live carcass', 'strong polygenic background', 'implying selection', 'consistent 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'detrimentally influencing female', 'qtl analysis examine', 'correlated trait number', 'gpihbp1 mrna expression', 'ssc5 coq9', 'provide opportunity improving', '14 associated effect', 'pleiotropic qtls controlling', 'characterise variability', 'phenotypic variance total', 'enable bovine improvement', 'gene analyzed association', 'dusp6 gene', 'heterozygosity used', '205 adjusted', 'allele individual', 'kdm5a gene strong', 'prnp gene marker', 'selected 96', 'kg tended associated', 'ovine 50k snp', 'meta analysis used', '180 amino', 'fraction basophil', 'mainly localized ssc1', 'population effect greater', 'marker panel far', 'population used measure', 'phenotypic data fat', 'family swedish', 'effect 05 ph', 'bm number', 'gga4 tibia width', 'respectively important quantitative', 'approach exclusion', 'variance imf', 'ear size chromosome', '13 27 qtl', 'new microsatellite marker', 'effect qtl body', 'reaction restriction fragment', 'fertility peak', 'based genotypic', 'animal rapid', 'density porcine snp', '13 18 marker', 'fat heavyweight', 'kcnip4 gja5 cbfb', 'lep gene sequencing', 'qtl lipid', 'understand knowledge genetic', 'chromosome 14 10', 'cis 18 trans', '33 marker', 'omy16 additional suggestive', 'constructed 50 924', 'second step aimed', '01 conclusion qtl', 'square method used', 'domestic pig 19', 'significantly correlated fatty', '31 chromosome', '26 95', 'static qtl1 chromosome', 'underlying fat', 'interaction evident aim', 'genotyped 158 crossbred', 'location chromosome', 'thigh marker added', 'age 10 11', 'located proximity gene', 'respectively candidate', 'study report using', 'association body', 'ssc9 fmo5', 'cattle totally', 'bamei association', 'showed phenotypic', 'total seven', 'suggest primary function', 'trapezius lean', 'fertility study examination', 'growing commercial broiler', 'stage parity', '42 35 23', 'program incorporating', 'correlated effect', 'annotation analysis used', 'genome scan qtl', 'past study', 'offspring evaluated', 'illness aim', 'detected sequencing lepr', 'common country significant', 'cross breed cattle', '19 chicken chromosome', 'cow derived genotype', 'interval le cm', 'union set 856', 'antral follicle count', '19 bp upstream', 'f2 population objective', '5305c affect milk', 'second peak region', 'pufa content accelerate', 'factor mitf', 'chicken genotyped using', 'genome wise error', 'massarray matrix', 'duroc boar evaluated', 'linking cortical', '279phe used increase', 'gene highly significantly', 'affected fat yield', 'test investigated joints', 'block formed additionally', 'transcript enriched', 'study expression', 'effect cnvs likely', 'locus mapping outbreed', 'fitness accelerating', 'stress response end', 'region regional', 'chromosome gga1', 'statistical analysis linear', 'unfavorable allele', 'german large white', 'polymorphism covering', 'resource population genome', 'asp582gly 3290c', 'accumulate large genotype', 'background aim identify', 'function result', 'conclusion study', 'indication region', '419 protein', 'provide information new', 'respectively total 36', 'help avoid tt', 'additional evidence mutation', 'white individual 531', 'measured steer series', 'critical target', 'association fertility study', 'hucklebone width breed', 'predominantly teladorsagia circumcincta', 'snp fdr portion', 'model search tumor', 'identified single', 'cacna1s traf2 rela', 'cattle shown', 'pair detected', 'mb qtl equine', 'infection fecal', 'ct gg', 'cassette abc', 'cla included', 'ebv reliability taken', 'composition quantitative trait', 'cm 10 cm', 'length bta2', 's2 qtls significant', 'effective reduction', 'value gebvs converted', 'polymorphic genotype differentially', 'necessary refine', 'shearing oar11 weight', 'comparison syntenic est', 'dairy product', 'copb1 gene', 'data used linkage', 'white alpine', 'region harboring relevant', 'red family', 'harbor non synonymous', 'trait mammary', 'association second comprised', 'eradicating disease', 'exploited diagnose predict', 'principal finding genome', 'qtl trait conclusion', 'body blood', 'ssc11 qtl', 'genome thirteen marker', 'porcinesnp60 beadchip 62', 'npl analysis maternal', 'cattle susceptibility btb', 'heritable 40', 'comparable callipyge', 'snp detected dhps', 'contribute increasing', 'fowl white plymouth', 'mirnas precursor mirnas', 'response variable genome', 'population end', 'cluster formed using', 'assay result showed', '91 10 198', 'muscular development gene', 'normande bta01', 'suggested author difficulty', 'region bta6 snp', 'gpat4 revealed', 'exert effect', 'showing association', 'ab aa sow', 'generation inter', 'approach considered complementary', 'relatively small fraction', 'snp perfect linkage', '2283 2065', 'limited expressed late', 'snp bovine genome', 'genotype differ', 'chicken experimental cross', 'heterozygote disadvantage region', 'qtl bta 14', 'significant qtl parasite', 'sequence 916 variation', 'disease 700 kb', 'qtl revealed boar', 'unaffected half siblings', 'level explaining phenotypic', 'remixed new group', 'population thousand', 'thickness association analysis', 'family segregating', 'superior tt gg', 'area lumbar bft', 'inheritance included fixed', 'fescue infected', 'exact localization qtl', 'maintaining barrier', '05 fi', 'account 54', 'potential regulatory function', 'sm ssc3 ph', 'af bm trait', 'mir 27a gene', '22 locus shared', 'marker covering chromosome', 'different genome', 'complexity underpins horn', '10936g haplotype', 'overlapped qtls', 'stallion fertility aim', 'ewe egypt correlate', 'age yearling', 'upregulated downregulated', 'used growth curve', 'causal variant using', 'mammary gland present', 'body slope', 'detected conclude polymorphism', 'whey protein lg', 'larger lma', 'including retained', 'fabp4 gene', '22 putative quantitative', 'marker porcine trait', 'cell remain', 'present day commercial', 'used deviation mean', 'analysis indicated substitution', 'body weight determination', 'acid accession', 'region genome associated', 'dj total 787', 'polymorphism qtl', 'result qtl', 'performance genome scan', 'computerized tomography', 'bmt qc jx', 'colonization cattle new', 'marker trait analysed', 'highly associated horse', 'risk fetlock', 'cooperative research centre', 'genetics temperament', 'property enhance direct', '05 similarly haplotype', 'hind leg meat', 'lead snp 10', 'chronic inflammatory', 'gd higher dh', 'marker complete', 'recent qtl gene', 'indicative alteration morphology', 'ibd score', 'showing genome wise', 'measurement pig population', '04 qtl', 'gh locus trait', 'created used ci', 'qtl outbred commercial', 'research focused genetic', 'resistance susceptible allele', 'ssc8 chromosomewise significant', 'intercross population chinese', 'sequencing exon intron', 'increase mycobacterium', 'allele snp3_t', 'strong candidate factor', 'test asp298asn primarily', 'indicator trait udder', 'kinase ripk2', 'bta14 key chromosome', 'virus long', 'adrb2 gene generally', 'approximately 15', 'expected affect bone', 'sow significant difference', 'bta14 revealed', '1293c 1311t', 'gene covering', 'broiler study investigated', 'major minor suggests', 'seven popular', '25 qtl interval', 'phenotype genotype based', 'analysis demonstrated', 'qtl described', 'effect backfat thickness', 'cow daughter 11', 'sib analysis multiple', 'acid 0001 0125', 'novel polymorphism', 'pi pietrain', 'frame encoding', 'kinase amp', 'estrus ovulation', 'sharing data possibly', '21 22 24', 'research differentially expressed', 'number teat nte', 'identified brown swiss', 'strongyles genus', 'report complete genome', 'using 012 large', 'function regulation', '05 fabp', 'hormone hypothalamic pituitary', 'region sire homozygous', 'prolificacy qtl', 'irs4 considered positional', 'carcass trait allele', 'polymorphic line showed', 'candidate milk protein', 'affecting raw firmness', 'trait economically significant', '5240a 5305c affect', 'ebv litter size', 'grade pale', 'category pathway like', 'nsb1 nsb2 possible', 'significant 05', 'significant snp based', 'weight shin', 'chromosome including genome', 'growth tail wing', 'training set increased', 'test asp298asn', 'used linkage analysis', 'progeny difference computed', 'respectively iv', 'pi compared age', 'sampling method method', 'transcript level skeletal', 'integrated map provides', 'polymorphism information content', 'largely different', 'synonymous snp snp', 'variation underlying variation', 'useful dissecting complex', 'adrenal gland correlated', 'dna sequencing technology', '758 40', 'left significant', '1570 primiparous cow', 'supplementary marker', 'average piglet litter', 'lean bf', 'genetic source', 'cm 05 quantitative', 'breeding pregnancy status', 'explore genetic mechanism', 'week highest', 'cow germany', 'snp located immediately', 'steer sire', 'identified similar region', '60 61', 'strategy disease currently', 'thrive syndrome', 'breeding feature', 'showed association', 'consistent strong', 'considered genome snp', 'dmy protein', 'rat pig', '1410 day', 'research provide', 'study spanish purebred', 'total 461 individual', 'log10p 68 breed', 'metabolism imprinting effect', 'provides advantageous', 'semen ph value', 'insemination station', 'subunit related', 'salmonid aquaculture', 'gpt female report', 'seven eighty', 'factor central', 'interval qtl elovl6', 'bovine gli3 gene', 'fcr genotyped', 'marker level', 'lowest 16 high', 'use eth10 genotype', 'efficiency improving', 'rfi useful', 'related trait chicken', 'ssc1 confirmed', 'weight qtls', 'yield liveweight differ', 'dam backcross bc1', 'training set 820', '01 snp pair', 'hematological parameter hematological', 'nominal significance effect', 'time point candidate', 'variance respectively study', 'day ssc6', 'dataset 1200', 'genomic estimated', 'provides alternative complementary', 'qtls meat color', 'peak peak tolerance', 'data enabled estimate', 'effect additional', 'snp calling rate', 'respectively chromosome region', 'atf areb6 substitution', '100 breast', 'focused detecting', 'multivariate univariate approach', 'contributor genetic variance', 'level map', 'egg laid specific', 'model result quality', 'sire included', 'tmw percentage cw', 'interpreted carefully result', 'level largest', 'values 071', 'cattle specimen mutant', 'infestation body weight', 'set step size', 'fat fatty', 'association chromosome highly', 'livestock breeding', 'measure hatch adulthood', 'higher cc significant', 'sheep conducting gwas', 'elisa test led', 'insight novel', 'allele enhanced growth', 'mtnr1a gene 420', 'comparing survival', 'region bta11 contains', 'evaluation strongly considered', 'twice sample size', 'ontology medical subject', '600 estimate genomic', 'trait single', '486 steer', 'marbling difference', '18 related', 'intercross slow growing', 'detected joint', 'effect weighted single', 'number af549499', 'sequencing bovine', 'showed molecular function', 'backfat thickness ib', 'locus pleiotropic favorable', 'v33a snp genotype', 'including plag1 lyn', 'response klh experimental', '20 line', '47 sd imf', 'distance using dbsnp', 'dosage est', 'population 12 gilt', 'pork tenderness use', 'source qtl', 'cow average', 'stearic fatty', 'identified gene module', 'analysis trait gene', 'grazing communal', 'pit selected', 'height important', 'respectively higher', 'snp marker used', 'underling variation', 'chromosome used improve', 'reported novel qtl', 'trait implying growth', '777 962', 'map position major', 'nppc mthfr', 'gene identified contribute', 'likely exhibit', 'derived genotype association', 'overall balance', 'qtl common hm', '05 compared aa', 'affecting growth meat', 'motility parameter', 'detected different leg', 'snp selected included', '62 163 single', 'snp fm244720 400c', 'conducted fy body', 'genetic variation bd', 'puberty selected genome', 'remain underexplored study', 'concluded gene 13', 'variation offer', 'genotyping beadchip based', 'ifl interval', 'located primary micrornas', 'encyclopedia gene genome', 'multivariate qtl detection', 'population seven snp', 'fine map bta17', 'mechanism hopefully', 'count conclusion result', 'trait completed', 'snp perform genome', 'beef cattle', 'polymorphic locus significantly', 'similarity carora', 'foundation investigation identify', 'mtdfreml initially', 'majority european', 'predicted transcription', 'stw small', 'animal conclusion association', 'junglefowl intercross', 'sc support', 'ier5l cpt1a sucla2', 'predicted high damaging', 'gene effect hairy', 'ssc2 ssc7', 'slc39a7 10 different', 'line earlier published', 'spanish churra', '48 allele 49', 'immunised 40', 'identified association single', 'standard refined', 'acylcoa diacylglycerol', 'microsatellite marker examined', 'gene strongly', 'proportion additive', 'gene annotation', 'shift probe', 'source human salmonella', 'resource population based', 'ros0025 marker individual', 'micrornas precursor', 'independent validation', 'performed trait breed', 'snp based association', '05 additional', 'dpp6 dipeptidyl peptidase', 'act putative', 'compare qtl', 'animal carrying haplotype', 'exercise ischemia', 'quality trait serum', '387 single', 'trait locus genome', 'share causative', 'strain 28 day', 'analyzed 38 trait', '13 suggestive', 'better quality', 'belgian warmblood horse', 'phenotype data', 'intake body weight', 'association analysis estimate', 'genetic difference wagyu', 'character chromosome', 'useful information investigation', 'generation energy growth', 'important role pathway', 'potential provide', 'corroborated oc', 'chromosome oar influencing', '26 single', 'data applicable', 'identified resulting non', 'suggested npffr2', 'yield cumulative', 'bovine mastitis exception', 'marker selection boar', 'viral clearance', 'flavin containing', 'respectively kegg circadian', 'including sp1 creb', 'sh3 domain grb2', 'recombination rate marker', 'genome wide qtl', 'linear measurement', 'hypothesized gene pathway', 'serum biochemistry', '7258 bp mitf', 'fto ryr1 lipe', '49 691', 'genotype 337', 'identified 28 significant', 'rnf38 trim14 nan', 'tenderness omega', '15 py', 'seven genome chromosome', 'trait measured 987', '2058 italian', 'sire belonging', '46960 genome', 'probably reflecting effect', 'genomic effect influence', 'qtl identified previously', 'key player', 'like odour', 'cnv region cnvrs', 'scrapie infected animal', 'meishan population 333', 'gabrb2 gabrb3 hsf1', 'selection reached gene', 'later nsb2 parity', 'qtl region bone', 'shh lmbr1', 'data adjusted systematic', 'effect androstenone', 'trait black white', 'examination using', 'approach includes', 'modified granddaughter design', 'mapped french', 'qtl analysis epistatic', 'pebp4 significant', 'scc log transformation', 'coli etec major', 'fcr method', '30 standard deviation', 'half individual', 'respectively intramuscular fat', 'ntn1 consistent', 'gga2 related bl', 'bw important', 'bovine gnas domain', 'linkage 51', 'revealed region multiple', 'routine vaccination', 'located promoter region', 'previously described nonsynonymous', 'set genotyped', 'sample pedigreed jersey', 'haplotype group', 'pak1 aqp11', 'reproductive function searched', 'abomasal ph', 'effect snp rs29018921', 'gene enhancing', 'corresponds human', 'coding swine heat', 'aquitaine breed suggests', 'breed detect snp', 'drum thigh gizzard', 'following trait body', 'polymorphism associated', 'study involving', 'staphylococci staphylococcus aureus', 'trait human animal', 'vimentin support role', 'aimed identify genetic', 'bta 28', 'lactation concentration milk', 'casein allowing', '10 additive dominant', 'meat characteristic indigenous', 'qtl eca7 genome', 'unambiguously regarding', 'total 739', 'adg midpoint metabolic', 'qtl analysis provide', '56 kg 021', 'circumference ssc17', 'holstein cattle influenced', 'fold ridge', '10 haplotype', 'best nonlinear model', 'contributes identification', 'carcass weight evisceration', 'effect breed', 'study aimed identifying', 'variance polyunsaturated', 'phenotype association milk', 'landrace yorkshire hybrid', 'bcse lead insight', 'prrsv infection result', 'yorkshire pig strategically', 'recorded grader', '10 reggiana', 'gain adg nellore', 'genotyped 250 genetic', 'intramuscular fat deposition', 'bulge20 bm81124 marker', 'carcass analysed', '46w e46', 'previously reported gwa', 'identified gene promising', 'cm previously', 'staining indirect', 'bta6 identified snp', 'chromosome 14 quantitative', 'index measured association', 'ggaz conclusion', 'accuracy bayesian approach', 'informative marker poorly', 'correlation parity 77', 'gpe cycle vii', 'susceptibility swine ep', 'qtl 18 affecting', 'addition 11', 'dairy cow characterized', 'inherited mstn', 'blup fourteen window', 'morphology altered', 'propose polar overdominance', 'tropical subtropical', 'suggested effect adjacent', 'concentration cattle different', '01 lower age', 'respectively snp gene', 'related myogenesis', 'remaining animal 12', 'study association mutation', 'microsatellites representing', 'qtl ssc12', 'breed applied', 'jointly contribute', 'identification candidate gene', 'qtl alkaline phosphatase', '10 suggests', 'gene scube3 kdr', 'mapping method family', 'chicken 17', 'sensorial technological measurement', 'red comb', 'group inter', 'outcome reflect', 'relevant association decr1', 'rg 08 13', 'period allow', 'trait confirm presence', 'decrease number candidate', '08 homozygous', 'canchim zebu cow', 'associated hcr1 tbrd', 'r2 mb', 'early feathering study', 'function reported', 'acid 784', 'quality analysis', 'variation variation', '002 dominance effect', 'hopefully possibility', 'associated effect muscle', 'duroc breed differ', 'color distant', 'pp estimated breeding', 'teat udder score', 'resource population originating', 'interaction trait milk', 'dc lower', 'locus contributing height', 'stat signaling natural', 'confirmed finding gwas', 'heritable dh dj', 'trait detected 57', 'eukaryotic translation initiation', 'discovery rate 32', 'million test', 'sequence heterogeneous stock', 'lactalbumin lalba', 'quality pedigree imqp', 'age 46w e46', 'identified 93', 'mammalian fetal growth', 'pathogen recognized presence', 'pig significant pod', 'data improve', 'north american dairy', '16 rao susceptible', 'role adipocyte differentiation', 'record individual', 'regressed coefficient', 'sire higher percentage', 'association study gwass', 'array 02 03', 'effect population window', 'ion gradient biological', 'different genotype infection', 'femur humerus', 'production nordic red', 'chicken carcass population', 'gene affect important', '40 substitution effect', 'effect polymorphism', 'animal weighed body', 'rest breed', 'c14 index c18', 'ncapg encoding non', 'strong qtl effect', 'pair sibs broiler', 'study gwas bone', 'genotyped heifer', 'effective ma requires', 'improved predictability', '108 mb', 'matrix metalloproteinase', 'mll estimated using', 'awassi ewe polymerase', 'assist search', 'explain additive', 'pcr rflp method', 'rtmb ensbtag00000037306 mirna', 'cm fy', 'milk mineral', 'mapped position', 'specie different', 'rate genomewide', 'older bull time', 'marker resulted discovery', 'measured included hot', 'control total', 'dhps catalyzes step', 'regulatory mutation summary', 'sib family available', 'snp card15 gene', 'yield ingenuity', 'affect milk mineral', 'growth rate 22', 'gg genotyped', 'stage genome wide', '175 ng', 'kb containing gene', 'acting complex multi', 'chicken fatness muscle', 'associated vl identified', 'selected common', 'marker holstein population', 'extract protein', 'fatness trait result', 'contractile type relative', 'intragenic region', 'pleiotropic effect backfat', 'activity calpastatin cac', 'effect included additive', 'marker bta04', '34 874', 'australian selection index', 'existence host', 'line different susceptibility', 'phenotype tolerance', 'ifn gamma', '19 51 phenotypic', 'association fastmremma', 'attraction lymphocyte', 'numerous candidate', 'structure ignore', 'klh experimental', 'injury pathological event', 'production trait investigated', 'data experiment', 'heterogeneous effect', 'acid group', 'health received', 'use microsatellite data', 'fabp mutation chicken', 'breeding quantitative trait', 'allele bw', 'ewe bluefaced', 'weight bft respectively', 'allele production', 'outside qtl ci', 'acaca gene directly', 'myadm family', 'unrelated pig 15', 'length loin', 'spp1 promoter', 'ssc region quantitative', 'trait seven growth', 'algorithm genoprob association', 'polymorphism 32386957a', 'tiling array', 'arg236his influenced', 'allele jianquhai', 'homeostasis reproduction', 'combined datasets global', 'human spi2 serpina1', 'heterozygous heifer pregnancy', 'untapped resource important', 'addition systematic effect', '55 located', 'chromosome 05 explained', 'cy milk nutrient', 'effect lactoglobulin', 'estimated substitution', 'longissimus thoracis nellore', 'estimated using information', 'data 60 snp', 'significant snp direct', 'unbiased predictor single', 'ontology pathway enrichment', 'vertebrate genetic', 'behaviour promote', 'model using estimated', 'pig line', '5274g located intron', 'based carcass meat', 'common syndrome poor', 'genomic prediction value', 'rs41642251 highly associated', 'design allowed comparison', 'identify presence', 'gene previously associated', 'type genotype wt', 'contribute marker', 'analyzed israeli holstein', '22 suggesting', 'knowledge gene influence', 'located downstream stem', 'precursor gc', 'effect response', 'animal lower 15', 'day 14', 'lcorl indicating possible', 'promoted candidate', 'pathogen specificity', 'pi 79 calf', 'death significantly enriched', 'traditionally breeding', 'qtl web', 'oar analyzed', 'starting point identification', 'best estimate', 'qtl located cm', 'segment bovine chromosome', 'gga13 gga24 qtl', 'gland compared', 'junglefowl selected gene', 'using 670', 'inflammatory response influence', 'cell related', 'probability equal', 'analysis based', 'follicle h3h3 potential', 'seven phenotype selected', 'lactation average', 'suggests allele substitution', '10 allele substitution', 'model cutaneous', 'lead blindness affected', 'pale 17 medium', 'attributable individual autosome', 'associated fishy', 'climate female reproduction', 'disequilibrium 80', 'set eca18', '12 showed significant', 'prag1 lonrf1', '27a gene large', 'approximately 200 kb', '630 kb interval', 'required application marker', 'line major', 'transcription factor associated', 'complex polygenic trait', 'genomic signal chromosome', 'ultrasonographic pathological bacteriological', '0001 future', '39 720', 'gene sequencing', 'reaffirm small', 'reached gene significant', 'sequence data qtl', 'breed jiaxian red', 'harboring variation affecting', 'haplotype landrace linkage', 'estimate variance component', 'introduction scd single', 'infection specie knowledge', 'set corrected value', 'variation affecting level', 'bonferroni correction line', '56 682 individual', 'eca4 10 south', 'value 0000175 backfat', 'landrace breed using', 'ghr phe279tyr mutation', 'wide significant threshold', 'detected progeny belgian', 'node used quantitatively', 'chosen sire', 'associated myristic palmitic', 'efficiency despite', 'existence correlated', 'fertility measured', 'leghorn dongxiang reciprocal', 'sentrin specific', '30 kg result', 'oculocerebrofacial syndrome', 'significant suggestive qtl', 'result mlm used', 'higher score', 'unl commercial', 'swine result study', 'camkmt gene significantly', '12 phenotypic', 'variance holstein', 'shared breed production', 'body wfe negative', 'priority ai industry', 'based normal', 'drd4 fragment mapped', 'composition trait furthermore', 'segregate selected line', 'confirm importance previously', 'important basis', 'map intron2 plag1', 'acsm5 mgll identified', 'white red earlobe', 'ssc1 key positional', 'detected correlated', '68 28', 'enrichment revealed', 'important objective study', 'pig chromosome ssc8', 'rate trait wise', '36 cm gga1', '160 adjusted', 'mastitis resistance early', 'grandprogeny 306', 'meat dairy', 'dly way cross', 'simultaneously powerful approach', 'dyd variance attributable', 'inducible promoter activity', 'snp statistical false', 'anthelmintic rapidly', 'additionally cbg', 'ph ssc3 dressing', '47 60 10', 'effect fit', 'milk 59e', 'sire qtl detected', 'including microsatellite sequence', 'complex dairy', 'relationship genotype phenotype', 'chromosome lfec', 'region conditional', 'experiment experiment ii', 'cm downstream s0008', 'axiom hd', 'marker associated fatty', '20 cla', 'weight chromosome number', '494a boar taint', 'identified 16 chromosome', 'gh1 lep', 'marker information understand', 'sequence isoform', 'ssc7 showed significant', 'lamb weight taken', 'dam unrelated highly', 'recorded square', 'estimate weight', 'chromosome relatively consistent', 'suggestive linkage fat', '000 signal', 'snp60 beadchip performed', 'information studying qtls', 'pig study refines', 'snp 180', 'contain qtl gene', 'enriched pathway includes', 'grass pasture based', 'tested useful', 'tissue respectively', 'finding confirmed', 'snp insulin like', 'contagious oncogenic', 'capacity uc line', 'method context', 'year count', 'dfiadj trait', 'correlation disease controlling', 'detected mapped', 'dominance snp', 'ewe 01 05', 'ssc1 confirmed previous', 'haemoglobin content mchc', '502 allele', 'problem heavy', 'swine result', 'chip data', 'separately mixed model', 'trait gamete highly', 'sequencing containing', 'tbrd gwaa compared', 'diplotype associated', 'growth development male', 'kd103 001 exp', 'variant respectively rt', 'wld common', 'complaint including', 'disease impacted propagation', 'metabolism gene', 'china order identify', 'disease resistance far', 'grade fat', 'qtl bta located', 'help better dna', 'furthermore determine', 'dairy record', 'function identified potential', 'population university', 'inhba close', 'growth development mammal', 'sample followed antibiotic', 'scan retained', 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fatty', 'panel snp', 'fertility directly reflect', 'catalytic lobe domain', 'ltnb shown expressed', 'observed 05', 'model based approach', '001 exceeded 01', 'mb snp window', 'related f2', 'gene giving consistent', 'determine increased', 'associated respectively annotated', 'content variation', 'tract characteristic moderate', 'wound brings', 'short bp', 'supernumerary teat', 'intensive selection efficient', 'identified tanzania', 'great variability degree', 'tissue different nutrition', 'dna f2 animal', 'contributing polyceraty', 'analyzed different snp', 'covered 2282 cm', 'chromosome initial', 'important trait increase', 'porcine adipose mesenchymal', '15 suggestive qtl', 'meat trait gushi', 'partridgelike current qtl', 'acid summer', '38 mb region', 'suggested toll like', '1287 1036', 'ibd probability qtl', 'consequently speculated difference', 'ssc10 sscx', 'research aimed', 'basis analysis mean', 'human multigenic', 'aim study genotype', 'breed fleckvieh bta5', 'qtl significance using', 'present sample 108', '15 chromosome', '53 58', 'reported mammalian', 'assisted laser', 'horse selected genotyping', 'importantly 15118683c', 'cross 93 21', 'genome extension putative', 'semimembranosus muscle analysis', 'family reanalyzed data', 'substitution effect', 'assessment carcass conformation', 'pig test hypothesis', 'total muscle fiber', 'multiple linked qtl', '71 characterized gene', 'gene bos', 'locus lean', '35 bf', 'associated hct', 'mass nonrandomly', 'analysis identified roh', 'assumption single', 'cnvrs 50 total', 'cow including 225', 'gga6 gga8 gga9', 'selection region detected', 'sex specific analysis', 'weight qtls interestingly', 'limb bone ssc7', '032 proportion', 'weight 19 carcass', 'change blood chemistry', 'bone mineralization', 'ontology p2rx3', 'joint genome scan', 'oviduct 01 result', 'gene dgat1', 'conducted explore genetic', 'genetic basis growth', 'revealed major cluster', 'germany common fattening', 'process complex longitudinal', 'ff qtl bta02', 'increased number', 'qtl located ssc2', 'gelbvieh hereford', 'estimating relevant genetic', 'marker rfi', 'region neurl1 bta26', 'cattle led discover', 'breeding addition various', 'chosen based minor', 'expression analysis study', 'smd mcmc', 'care taken postulated', 'pvuii frequency', 'weight bone', 'ssc15 qtl', 'population validate association', 'lamb carrying copy', '10 marker mapping', '05 71', 'androstenone regional heritability', '10 explained 62', 'adg3 month yearling', '802 non', 'provides substantial', 'architecture hairy', '10329c intronic variation', 'ovulation rate noire', 'mypn eca1 specific', 'contrast single snp', 'fat adg', 'general low', 'texture trait', 'snp 12', 'based qtl map', 'ctsd gene', 'objective test', 'population 05 bt', 'bivariate analysis traditional', 'boar high level', 'mean age', 'proventriculus gizzard weight', 'composition mapped', 'located mb', 'african animal', 'mixed model association', 'explained 17 phenotypic', 'used current study', 'bull deregressed used', 'ram heterozygous', 'snp fm244720', 'ability chicken', 'trait scale', 'fetal placentomes different', 'fat accumulation indicating', 'volume ssc15 ejaculation', 'reported mammalian specie', '17 cm mean', 'brain function', 'utr flanking', 'osteochondrosis selected 32', 'sensory trait confirmed', 'mb chromosome alga0022658', 'detected sla', 'region fabp4 polymorphism', 'region single', 'identification utilization potential', 'trait affecting porcine', 'generally improved', 'gwas identify potential', 'breed white leghorn', 'mortem ph decline', 'oxct1 finding', 'result qtl 001', 'locus qtl fetlock', '13 21 overlap', 'combine detailed phenotypic', 'cell score used', 'infection related control', 'mef2 myotubes indicated', 'technology provide', 'exceeded genomewise', '17 36 gwa', 'previously developed aim', 'positive correction', 'despite normal', 'affect body size', 'background feed', '12 subclinical ketosis', 'higher adfi adg', 'hepatogenous mycotoxicosis', 'texel animal half', 'variance vf2 respectively', 'based snp 14', 'scan detected 77', 'qtl region rt', 'based meishan allele', 'help complete identification', 'yield fat', 'mb bos', 'lect2 bl trafficking', 'differed 05', 'population size larger', 'unrelated yellow meat', 'understanding genetics ultimately', 'involving different', 'variant 2088 bp', 'cm2 specific', 'studied screening ssc4', 'acid significant snp', 'behavior trait located', 'f2 crosses', 'rfi 28e 06', 'snp resulting gwa', 'analysis ldla identified', 'element binding', 'estimate fertility', 'qtl influencing carcass', 'determined vitro adhesion', 'indicator immune function', 'pufa content milk', 'prevalence rate linked', 'gas narrow range', 'dependent genetic interaction', 'affect broiler carcass', 'mrna expressed mastitis', 'database snp annotation', 'bioinformatics survey', 'offspring outbred', 'costly laborious collect', 'total 54', 'body length heart', 'infection wg', 'background beef cattle', 'covering exon downstream', 'fl partially', 'study help better', 'genotype secondary', 'frequent developmental', 'qtl allele contributed', 'offer possibility study', 'specific observed considerable', 'behaviour performed genome', 'muscle ltm respectively', 'data suggests domestication', 'genotyped genome initially', 'detected significant region', 'enables development', 'duroc large', 'german holstein', 'osteochondrosis lesion examined', 'significantly associated pneumonic', 'wide high density', 'mlk 940', 'family denaturing', 'rorc adult tissue', 'contribute host response', '59 mb ssc6', 'binding cassette abc', 'higher total number', 'disequilibrium block significantly', 'different lactation stage', 'post mortem result', 'cow including', 'located hox', 'tissue development represented', 'breeding industry', 'h1h5 diplotype rt', 'analysis chinese', 'spanning mb respectively', 'light finding', '39a revealed', 'toughness increased variation', 'birth 05 bb', '100 cfu', 'analysed correlated', 'gene let', 'sahiwal famous', 'scan using paternal', 'cadps proposed influence', 'southwest asia', 'medius skeletal muscle', 'glycogen related trait', 'angus charolais limousin', 'conductivity accounting', 'haplotype construction association', 'different selection history', 'bovinesnp50 assay', '05 affected chicory', 'value backcross ewe', 'fat cell different', 'consistent strong effect', '18 trans eqtl', 'gga mir 1658', 'population rdhe2 v6a', 'native broiler breed', 'size parity large', 'breeding farm 2010', 'gene underlie', 'effect candidate', 'pattern snts cattle', 'vs non', 'poorly understood mammal', 'time periods tb', '380 coding', '76 60', 'mastitis genotype', 'bves slc3a2 revealed', 'snp located near', '01 15 24', '25 52', 'marker chromosome additional', 'exon fabp mutation', 'percent chromosome fat', 'phenotype directionally associated', 'bone development', 'particular emphasis placed', 'produced reciprocal cross', 'snp dressing percentage', 'associated loin depth', 'extended approximately', 'obtained analysis', 'qtl distal gga5', 'immunocrits 5312', 'resistance originated', 'hand energy', 'sw520 ratio leg', 'analysis data belclare', '12 dam', 'transition exon rflp', 'dairy sheep', 'reached economic', 'gain ssc1', 'marker bms2508 family', 'shelled chicken genotyped', 'infanticide occurs sow', 'differentiation pathway', 'time genome', 'genotype retinoic', '02 18 ld', 'c14 jb1 jb2', 'ear erectness', 'snp50 snp70 beadchip', 'phenotype breed', 'development mammal variation', 'trait analysed using', 'arl4a snx13 gene', 'lactate dehydrogenase copb1', 'demonstrated associated', 'controlling shank', 'mb remained', 'linkage ldl analysis', 'respiratory disease finding', 'span 30 cm', 'study result expressed', 'control complex', 'response mh tt', 'rna expression suggesting', '19 identification qtl', 'matrix gblup', 'good conservation human', 'tnp1 gene common', 'cm 18 49', 'confirmed involvement', 'segregating commercial large', 'significant experiment wise', 'narrow position causal', 'methodology showed mutation', 'pathway retinol', 'use snp', 'hypothesis ovine', 'balance fatty', 'iberian variety reciprocal', 'etec major', 'sire 389 776', 'proliferation promoted serum', 'gga5 qtl detection', 'panel different', 'analysis suggestive qtl', 'combined dataset', 'distinct tandem repeat', 'investigate region identify', 'boar taint strong', 'development melanoma peak', 'uncastrated male', 'case revealed region', 'mixed breed population', 'significant additive effect', '70 cm contains', 'approximately 95 angus', 'stronger marker trait', 'individual identified', 'total genome', 'strongly supported', 'localization demonstrated linkage', 'distal region ssc4', '521 snp', 'cow mainly located', 'casein gene', 'high 19', 'presence 61 quantitative', 'genotyped chicken', 'sc individual genotype', 'boar fertility essential', '14 new half', 'region lp', 'selection antagonistic correlation', 'percentage 20', 'plasma remained', '4b pde4b anoctamin', 'mastitis resistance identified', 'population additive', 'gene osteoporosis chicken', 'hap9 taat', 'identify polymorphism associated', 'seven new marker', 'allele id locus', 'gene qtl associated', 'count keds', 'ratio fcr calculated', 'allocate 122', 'candidate gene 45', '10 13 constant', 'production lean', 'ssc7 additive similar', 'region plasma', 'qtl 22 chromosome', 'near pleiotropic qtl', 'compared female result', 'snp card15', 'role mastitis resistance', '13 based', '1031 chinese indigenous', '16 epistatic pair', 'qtn fat', 'qtls 18', 'sc family investigated', 'hen outbreak', 'interaction milk', 'level 35e 05', 'dsn performed genome', 'regional heritability mapping', 'industry underlying genetic', 'pregnancy 18', 'rate female fertility', 'effect backfat loin', 'span genetic', 'addition identified new', '1648 1799', 'used define phenotype', 'control method', 'analysis high', 'linkage map covering', 'used provided', 'www gridqtl org', 'perception feed smell', 'detection association analysis', 'inter intramuscular', 'method control salmonella', 'c1843t mutation ryanodine', '406 genotyped', 'days 96', 'equine chromosome 12', 'lamb season', 'element shown', 'eqtls associated low', 'informativeness different linkage', 'research total seven', 'located 28', 'female measured bw', '100 kb segment', 'intron porcine pou1f1', 'detect genome', 'trial animal weighed', 'ld gm trait', 'polymorphic locus association', 'cyp21a2 candidate', '14 mapped', 'family duroc pig', 'polymorphic marker', 'population gwas single', 'illumina 50k', 'structure navicular bone', 'network network', 'combination 05 pertaining', 'variant haplotype sequence', '11 immune', 'divided category', 'commonly identified traditional', 'oncorhynchus mykiss explained', 'chicken shown individual', 'phu ph decline', 'qtl bone', 'reproductive tract uterine', 'long driving', 'ssc8 strongest statistical', 'efficient mixed', 'trait achieve gwas', 'unrelated sheep', 'insr observed result', 'study using mixed', 'region genome quantitative', 'life milk persistency', 'biased farm management', 'seven chromosomal region', 'snp result model', 'v33a mutation', '18 consequently proportion', 'hybridization analysis defined', 'boar expression', 'mapping positional cloning', 'threonine kinase ripk2', 'information analyse causative', 'daily yield fat', 'muscular fatty', 'meat percentage', 'individual aa ab', 'associated phu polymorphism', 'downstream gene', 'high effect', '13 642 snp', 'genetic method npl', 'indigenous bovine', 'genetic improvement production', 'selection beef marbling', 'reduce concentration undesirable', 'histochemical muscle characterization', 'estimation maximum likelihood', 'efficiency pig', 'backfat 21 76', 'work validated', 'gene detection implementing', 'objective study compare', 'based method using', 'enrichment analysis included', 'generation red', 'sheep trait included', 'rate discordant', 'factor including', 'likelihood method correction', 'candidate quantitative trait', 'chromosome 70 megabase', 'social economic', 'gestation length', 'using radiographic', '192 individual', 'joint intragenic polymorphism', '239 752', 'tick resistance carried', 'study pure line', 'sheep genome identified', 'γ3 subunit prkag3', 'biological practical relevance', 'αs1 αs2', 'variation knuckle biceps', 'offspring identified', 'association analysis perform', 'estimate posterior standard', 'study combine data', 'affecting resistance cm', 'cb heritability', 'effect beef', 'infection significant', 'kinsella ranch', 'effect trait trait', 'profile include', 'marker evenly distributed', 'marbled steer', 'contribution study', 'ncbi polymorphism level', 'help improve', 'mirna key modulators', 'b1 cross 02', 'glycogen synthesis skeletal', 'known mechanism underlying', 'linkage map zebrafish', 'linked gene trappc9', 'approximately 175', 'concentration fitting variant', 'point mcm6', 'sire genome', 'weekly basis 1064', 'model general linear', 'bta11 region', 'cell decreased', 'hybrid panel linkage', 'luxi xianan population', 'expressing f4', 'mapped le', 'especially complex', 'bird selected homozygosity', 'emotional reactivity 20', 'trait linked', 'fm hock hm', 'result confirm bcwd', 'content distinct fraction', 'result identified snp', 'igf2 mutation segregating', 'region discussion analysis', 'important increase', 'sow number born', 'iga level', 'genotyping quantitative trait', 'expression muscle effect', 'rs81476910 rs81405825 ssc8', 'stress neuroendocrine production', 'cellular energy', 'mentioned cattle population', 'dam resulting 360', 'parity evaluated', 'age result provide', 'rflp association analysis', 'method gene ontology', 'genotyped effort test', 'breed dominantly', 'derived foot', 'ucp3 strongly associated', 'qtlmap software', 'factor signalling', 'ifcifc abt', 'searched fkbp6', 'calpain capn3 gene', 'model applied correction', '916 variation study', 'variation immune', '242t likely causal', 'cattle indicating potential', 'pietrain pi', 'conductivity meat color', 'allele microsatellite', 'using data 4376', '21 different', 'strong support major', 'gene mb flanking', 'search fitting', 'litter chromosome', 'scan qtl affecting', 'specific cn isoforms', 'evaluate excretion', 'gga5 af qtl', 'cis cis12', 'scrofa production', '01 dd', 'difference genotype capns', 'versus af', 'mainly observed', 'gene present qtl', '000 female', 'twinning rate 05', 'association 54k', 'analysis employing', 'height heart', 'process early', 'confirmed previous', 'existence gh1', 'gene contained refined', 'location management', 'moderate high heritability', 'ldlrad3 known', 'belonging nordic red', 'snp associated bodyweight', 'fa composition meat', 'green yellow white', 'locus shared', 'wish network', 'epistasis bco2', '62 mm qtl', 'performance infected individual', '136 gh cow', 'thickness daily gain', 'cow carrying mutant', 'beijing chicken', 'load adg', 'gwa study 329', 'statistic 13', 'mediterranean country le', 'large white 353', 'greater cc', '05 qtl identified', 'fiber type composition', 'heritability imf estimated', 'mb 10', 'weight stw small', '985 bos', 'network derived', '01 chromosome wise', 'slc6a3 clptm1l', '05 shank diameter', 'percentage lmp', 'effect locus potentially', '16 eqtls trans', 'bb genotype suggested', 'analysis investigated', 'melanoma susceptibility candidate', 'breed analyzed', 'linkage based method', 'ap fertility', 'significance qtl', 'snp 001 0001', 'trait term detection', 'validated single', 'gene known cause', 'previously introduced', 'variance population epistasis', 'cell score occurrence', 'increased feed intake', 'chicken reciprocal', 'mc1r allele determines', 'exposure infective', 'joint 74', 'knowledge qtl segregating', 'regulating synthesis polyamines', 'specific rbc', 'g1829t associated', 'associated adult', 'detect putative', 'teat qtl', '0072 0231 finally', '672 single nucleotide', 'indication association', 'fat yield kg', 'evaluate association novel', 'hematological trait detected', 'effects model', 'underlying variation litter', 'ld generation study', '28 480', 'eye height loin', 'derived standard prediction', 'dna allowed', 'difference birth weight', 'snp pnominal', 'suggested identified candidate', 'receptor trait related', '1332 animal', 'dna fragment', 'showing ucp3 core', 'shoulder meat 009', 'effect haplotype snp', 'joint model joint', 'measured blood', 'region aim identify', 'function provide', 'ssc affect', 'study gwas included', 'variant predicted haplotype', 'condition crossbred swine', 'mitigating effect mdv', 'heat treated peak', 'associated milk fat', 'lumbar vertebra trait', 'gene igf1 examined', 'ovine chip f1', 't1952a stearoyl', 'significant 01 genetic', 'suggests unknown', 'trait qtl using', 'physiological stress response', 'protein epidermal', 'mb horse chromosome', 'qtl underlie milk', 'boar mated', 'region identified eca', 'mykiss recent', 'region addition based', '660 gene', 'trait chicken unique', 'revealed positional', 'affected 47', 'lamb significantly deeper', 'study using snp', 'influence fat depth', 'research commercial flock', 'snp associated', 'separately result daily', 'breeding season vacaria', 'chromosome ssc2 ssc4', 'coding region cebpa', 'body wfe detected', 'respectively a80v', 'assessed longissimus semi', 'kb gene', 'adipose fat', 'signaling behavior conclusion', 'bta14 bta18 lw', 'indicating pleiotropic effect', 'snp related', 'understand eye', 'poultry result', 'expressed pmsg hcg', 'fabp haeiii', 'selection sire', 'fifth lumbar vertebra', 'qtl genotype progeny', 'dominant finding reveal', 'population implying complex', 'investigated new', 'located lei0079 ros0025', 'susceptibility mycobacterium', 'genetic improvement growth', 'likeness respectively snp', 'polymorphism detected chromosome', 'different ptm form', 'data 235 second', 'dwg purebred crossbred', 'segregating crossbred pig', 'total exon1', 'gene resolution qtl', 'animal stratified', 'weight test', 'beta carotene content', 'previous snp', 'mapping qtl', 'rate interval', 'condition management especially', 'point analysis family', 'high productivity multibreed', 'meishan synonymous', 'highest snp 5239c', 'obesity insulin', 'region ssc14', 'puberty remain', 'variance polymorphism fto', 'chromosome bos taurus', 'box family', 'acid sfa', 'myh2 myh3 myh13', 'available study', 'seven day starting', 'qtl including detection', 'tract uterine horn', 'trait testicular weight', 'resulted refined', 'affect mastitis dairy', 'population ssc3 ssc4', 'emotional social behavior', 'hatch heart', 'practice rely animal', 'host response gastrointestinal', 'time varied quantitative', '3kb region ank1', 'carcass quality composition', 'cross issued', 'protein bmps play', '20 bovine', 'born spring 2005', 'cm gga3', 'qtl identified ssc1', 'microsatellites qtl eca2', 'region opn', 'landrace finnsheep', 'effect antagonistic correlation', 'confirmed litter', 'positive require validation', 'spectrometry association', 'fat related quantitative', '50k assay', 'post natal growth', 'generation iberian', 'report direct', 'measured age sample', 'eca raspf7 specific', '11 12 13', 'holstein bull daughter', 'matrix snp', 'process change', 'architecture livestock identifying', 'prolificacy attributed', 'usda usmarc linkage', '05 obtained', '272 f2', 'population asian pig', 'protein fubp3 myosin', '000001 pair', 'chromosome accounted additive', 'using 16', 'regarding source', 'mutation alter encoded', 'accumulation pig objective', 'random coefficient parametric', 'hen associated', 'study improves knowledge', 'result clearly indicate', 'ether extraction method', 'including senepol carora', 'phenotype mapped', 'associated iar stallion', 'chromosome genome', 'concern low moderate', 'obtained similarity marker', 'regulating acsm5 fo', 'fat meat proportion', 'barring recessive', 'experiment showed litter', 'snp marker genome', 'region associated studied', 'using double', 'urea lactose', '47 casein', 'mutation ryanodine receptor', '14 associated map', 'aberrant transcript induces', 'based david', 'dna technology genetic', 'associated rfi component', 'dpr productive life', 'effect gwas', 'association sensory technological', 'representing 29 chromosome', '01 multiple testing', 'approximately mo age', 'estimate significance', 'zfat positional', 'competent adult', 'pb a11471g', 'qtl strongly related', 'multiple european', 'weight substantial phenotypic', 'lesion examined histologically', 'significantly le abundant', 'genetic distance population', 'bw13 respectively', 'embryo hypothesized', 'increase number', 'ph color distant', 'deposition trait 13', 'biology mttp biology', 'chl_fat chl_milk 41', 'way 15 chromosomal', 'size trait egg', 'linkage disequilibrium filtering', 'inra design confirmed', 'earlier detected scs', 'nt963 located coding', 'canadian ayrshire', 'selection ma meat', 'selection achieve', 'vf2 growth 10', 'day cattle production', 'population investigated association', 'production period egg', 'fcr contribute', 'proc mixed procedure', 'susceptibility coccidiosis', 'qtl joint analysis', 'difficulty characterizing infection', 'time period lactation', 'c18 c18 1n9c', 'gga1 11 12', 'level extended family', 'percent snp', 'slc6a4 serotonin receptor', 'weight bmw thigh', 'qtl considered potential', 'associated fat trait', 'pigmentation snp', 'qtl explains', 'associated ocd confirmation', 'stress responsive neuroendocrine', 'weight candidate', 'method mrna', 'important meat processing', 'discovery validation population', 'domain 15 card15', 'phenotype sheep advanced', 'marker assistant selection', 'evaluation project gonzales', 'quality trait number', 'square mean', 'vstm1 significant', 'month radiographic examination', 'markers chromosome', 'likely represent quantitative', 'nucleotide 12978', 'incidence rate ibk', 'serve marker genomic', 'result histopathological', 'approach varied level', 'born total weight', 'effect syntenic', 'large game', 'based approach chromosome', 'pedigree used genome', 'causal gene melanoma', 'tick burden', 'breed single multi', 'trait individual belonging', 'variety trait cattle', 'muscle yield phenotype', 'pig diet', 'trait response variable', 'hmga2 2836', 'study current work', 'kg wide', 'result provide insight', 'british breed', 'segregating population family', 'region annotated intergenic', 'ultrasound carcass data', 'low coverage sequencing', 'efficiency growth fcr', '585 progeny produced', 'allele f94l segregating', 'qtl successfully verified', 'aquaculture industry aim', 'conclusive especially complex', 'acrosome integrity rate', 'decreased trait', 'genetic component modified', 'infection grazing', 'detected individual', 'bred lineage', 'development entropion', 'dominant effect', 'individual wt 99', 'peap bta14', 'white cattle uk', 'utilized detect', 'sub family member', 'red maasai providing', 'genetic potential', 'reep4 texel', 'test effect pleiotropic', 'gene including transcription', 'gene associated adiposity', '23 duroc 32', 'pleurisy additional', 'gene sequence exon', 'genetically linked fp', 'exon poll dorset', 'combined genotype data', 'conducted hypothesis single', 'membrane protein transcription', 'activity nr6a1 corepressors', 'fertility ayrshire', 'motif multiple', 'share high', 'snp identified allele', 'linear combination', 'phenotype genetic effect', 'igf2 qtl maternal', 'oc fetlock hock', 'decreased performance', 'population 578 bull', 'expressed qtl affecting', 'trait test hypothesis', 'linkage group orientation', 'estimated using linear', 'trait drawn', '21 30 associated', 'previously described candidate', 'relative 433c allele', 'shearing coefficient', '50 000 snp', 'snp classified genotype', 'analysis extended pedigree', 'mb bft', 'es regulating transcript', 'mediated cytotoxicity osteoclast', 'reproductive longevity', 'diplotype h7h7 smallest', 'genomic region gene', 'genetic difference subspecies', 'length candidate', 'protein lack domain', '45 78 cm', 'fmp ifr imf', 'purpose german', 'allele log', 'threshold model', 'genotype daily', 'porcine microsomal', 'performed ssc1', 'allelic recessive dominant', 'study expression nucb2', 'effect ovine ghrhr', 'areb6 substitution g93a', 'abnormal sperm frequency', 'offspring spanning', 'meishan boar significantly', 'result variation', 'imprinted qtl epistatic', 'score 39', '16 identified previously', 'shackle line', 'mc fcs intramuscular', 'human genomic', 'evidence better', 'kell blood group', 'network biological process', 'pinpoint area', 'gene expression microrna', 'effect genotype', 'cm confirmed', 'higher opn level', 'genotyping carried using', 'region located chromosome', 'weight ywt carcass', '600k snp array', '13 posterior quantitative', 'central injection nesfatin', 'population 298 f2', 'qtl affecting fertility', '335 kg 11', 'region rxrg sdhc', 'ppn0 924 family', 'lw breed high', 'chromosome detected strong', 'size pelibuey sheep', 'outbred strain rainbow', 'locus position established', 'digestive function', 'sex compared female', 'protein sugar', 'knc bird genotyped', 'trait evaluated using', 'cross linking cortical', 'result hanwoo beef', 'genotyping platform study', 'fertility event', 'wide snp associated', 'disease number stage', 'indicator level metabolic', 'utilize natural variation', 'value resistance', 'animal squares mendelian', 'pig f41', 'number ttn', 'value impact', 'family 72 piglet', '2nd 3rd lactation', 'coincided previously reported', 'carcass trait detected', 'nm_213910 612a exon', 'bta17 imputed 777', '56 nonreturn rate', 'gibbs sampling', 'redness texture fatty', 'carcass weight longissimus', 'snp bta13', '057 612 difference', 'need validated', 'showed mtpap', 'expression study analyzes', '431 interations 349', 'broiler meat', 'identified chromosome 27', 'microsatellite marker 355', 'research ma bone', 'number genomic', 'respectively regarding', '10 snp located', 'containing g4b', 'ctsd useful candidate', 'genomic resource', 'affect progression', 'sa regression module', 'litter size farm', 'association investigate', 'gland using pooled', 'behavior dtd', 'mirna gene significantly', 'snp identified study', 'highlighted number significant', '924 snp', 'plausible causative mutation', 'homeostasis tetra', '05 conclusion follow', 'parental animal allowed', 'univariate mixed inheritance', 'mapping identification candidate', '000 teladorsagia', '31 carcass composition', 'important role value', 'improving animal welfare', 'observed independent', 'susceptibility complex', 'resulting 32', 'cattle provided strong', 'thirty putative', 'indigenous chicken khorasan', '998 columbia polypay', '2002c exon 14', 'attitude copy number', 'boar snp bmpr1', 'likewise scs sd', 'bind myod', 'influence ear', '166 pig obtained', 'gene understanding', 'ejaculated volume', 'model age slaughter', 'puberty age knowledge', 'provide fundamental evidence', 'texel charollais', 'qtls detected reproduction', 'second population approach', 'selection appropriate approach', 'lowered fat', '29 bovine autosomal', 'performed using gibbs', 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manner vaccination', '05 ex fabp', 'association discrepancy', 'abt 99', 'significant veterinary', 'pathway rfi furthermore', 'variation applies', 'white chinese erhualian', 'son fa', 'depth commercial', 'gl difference', 'favorable lower', 'analysis network analysis', 'f2 population rt', 'extended general', 'showed high correlation', '149876507 bft locus', 'unequal variance marker', 'snp chip illumina', 'trait ssc8 ssc13', 'blood sample', 'network cluster correlated', 'observed maternal chromosome', 'loss inflate false', 'pedigree containing 16', 'model phenotypic', 'analysis npl previous', 'hatch time dq', 'line greater', 'expression sensitive stimulation', 'parity produced', 'pathway suggests gene', 'factor 4α', 'eu eu', 'number reciprocally imprinted', '804 holstein friesian', 'result suggest polymorphism', 'detected additional', '14 24', 'seven new', 'nba piglets birth', 'revealed gene involved', 'snp analyzed individually', 'decarboxylase expected', 'bco breast color', 'total population size', 'allele muscling', 'challenged cow', 'glmm regression', 'cross animal genotyped', 'sigma rump fat', 'analysis additive', 'animal gene', 'monitored infection vaccination', 'phenotypic variance cmp', 'comprising 700 offspring', 'gga3 gga5 qtl', 'dgat1 significant', 'density 600k', 'snp completely linked', '1990s report used', 'regard birth weight', 'using likelihood ratio', 'resistance identified', 'different stage disease', 'chest circumference cannon', '739 pig included', 'model using seq', 'cross korean', 'duroc qtl region', 'chromosome pleiotropic', 'estimate association 54k', 'indel mutation g13781_13782del', 'located previously detected', 'cure breed difference', 'shown mutation', 'chromosome region close', 'detected 63', 'expectation qtl', 'snp chemokine gene', 'french danish dairy', 'score moderate', 'sire base', 'chromosome large', 'blackheaded mutton', 'trait especially motility', 'cattle specie', '81 screened marker', 'based combined', 'protein fat', 'entropion provide', 'gradient slice approach', 'mutant result', 'yield body', 'qtl involved chromosome', 'test novel', 'forecast superovulation', 'leucocyte trait distinct', '45 sm 47', 'bw55 generated', 'finding confirm', 'affect production', 'rib dly population', 'clinical subclinical', 'number major gene', 'fcr phase', 'marbling inferred', 'mature weight maturity', 'qtl twinning ovulation', 'nm seven promising', 'site low suggesting', 'paternal igf2', 'estimated loss', 'kyoto encyclopedia gene', 'ssc8 ssc10 ssc12', 'level feathered foot', 'number trait 130', 'window 11', 'employed association', 'qib fatty', 'chi2 118', 'fourfold analysing', 'utilized ass', 'drip loss kera', 'current population', 'charolais breed meat', 'layer data', 'recorded 1990s report', 'significant snp impact', 'additional marker genotyped', 'affecting number corpus', 'ahr placental rell1', 'myofiber density 05', '47 qtl', 'yield generally', 'breed identify qtl', 'effect 32 selected', 'particularly negative consequence', 'implemented using sus', 'relevant additive', 'le genomic variation', 'bird aa', 'animal model twinning', 'epr chromosome 11', 'f12 generation inter', 'loss ph', 'revealed 31 significant', 'variability iberian', 'variance chromosome wide', 'variation 32 68', 'study gwas based', 'zcchc2 phlpp1', 'high low uterus', 'bta14 bta20 respectively', 'phe347ser exon 46547859c', 'ssc8 01', 'described reinforce', 'junglefowl domestic line', 'associated daily bw', 'including plag1', 'emphasis placed', '485 individual survivor', 'chromosome condensation protein', 'polymorphic evenly distributed', 'measured expression', 'le predicted', 'cwt marbling score', 'derive feature', 'individual confidence', 'chromosomal region understanding', 'continuing threat', 'qtl population result', 'data 72', 'trait including piglet', 'measurement regarding', '296 54 tentatively', 'literature method', 'total 1213', '90 day suggesting', 'teat absolute', 'qtl mapping project', 'tract density relative', 'meat deposition', 'cost animal', 'qtl behavioural index', 'region utr flanking', 'used examine', 'percentage intramuscular', 'selection scheme order', 'line analyzed line', 'exon ile159val mapped', 'gene affecting percentage', 'higher rao affected', 'similar study stratified', 'lipoteichoic acid', 'identified ssc1', 'level map infection', 'proof adjustment familial', 'elucidate associated effect', 'significance snp', '06 tibia width', 'affect pigmentation dairy', 'function muscle development', 'controlled prnp gene', 'snp milk', 'toxicosis common', 'insight genomic regulation', 'located bta 82', 'italian brown swiss', 'complete genome scan', 'mb surrounding significant', 'arrival genome', 'qtl lysozyme concentration', 'cattle year birth', 'signal ultimately identified', 'marker interval bm4621', 'snp 03 10', 'antigen sla large', 'cm gga5', 'descendant original', 'multibreed genome', 'human mammal', 'number stillborn nsb', 'horse pch', 'investigated recessively inherited', 'associated increased milk', 'weight generally', 'lysosomal proteinase', '23 ld', 'significant snp phenotype', 'work date identify', 'study investigate', 'boar danish', 'confirm result obtained', '144 gene', '10 total genetic', 'marker myod1_75', 'ltnb lnba', 'development muscle growth', 'investigated putative', 'pleuropneumoniae resistance challenged', 'gene cloned', 'population body weight', 'individual ca genotype', 'growth fcr 01', 'likely affect', '15 chromosomal region', 'prioritized used genomic', 'associate region bta29', 'recording wbsf', 'brief 146 significant', 'girth 12', 'micrornas mirna', 'qtl effect cw', 'rhm analysis ixodid', 'snp chip hd', 'snp daily dmi', 'mean sib', 'capn3 thyroglobulin tg', 'architecture dynamic', '15 16 qtl', 'uterine capacity', 'response modulation', 'sd ldla', 'significant association maml3', 'approach greater', 'identified 22 polymorphism', 'number significant principal', 'breed require confirmation', 'observing low correlation', 'sire mixed model', 'meat quality', 'detected bta6', 'measured leg', 'test number tumor', 'expression il8', 'resistance originated red', 'range tissue pde4b1', 'manage disease', 'following trait chromosome', 'bta20 16', 'ewe heterozygous', 'cow represented training', 'mechanism high prolificacy', 'enriched associated variant', 'qtl elovl6', 'cow characterized high', 'window comprised', 'segregate haplotype balanced', '18 lm', 'high 989 low', 'susceptibility clinical subclinical', 'gene detected gene', 'detect statistical', 'pathway rfi using', 'slow growing', 'effect gene transcription', 'combined fact', 'snp chromosome 16', 'weight muscle density', 'protein altered bmp15', 'likely exhibit pathogen', '05 10 03', 'marker evenly', 'chromosome seven', 'cattle breeding mastitis', 'influence production', 'metabolism polymorphism', 'genotype effectiveness', 'finding presented provide', 'method trait', 'behavioral response different', 'nh nr dj', 'ucp1 potential', 'asga0094812 intron', 'sire minor', 'increasing number finnish', 'identified marker candidate', 'haplotype substitution effect', '801 total', 'chromosomal region chromosome', 'mapping family confirmed', 'pig significant snp', 'linkage scan carried', 'beadchip data', 'constructed using findhap', 'rest genome', '162 horse selected', 'qtl afe detected', 'ucp2 generally reduced', 'fish farming specie', 'genome wide quantitative', 'individual zero', 'zebu composite animal', 'data 29', 'expedite genetic progress', 'score binomial trait', 'leghorn female 361', 'ff test', 'trait collected used', 'clinical sign separately', 'greater 20', 'japanese breed', 'performance marker', 'wnt7b hmx1 fgfr3', 'mbp bos taurus', 'validate candidate gene', 'carcass weight respectively', 'transcription level gene', 'orthologous imprinted region', 'coded adrb1 adrb2', 'identify causative gene', 'weight qtl cw', 'snp dominance', 'fatness 1750', 'chromosome previously reported', 'different morphs', 'qtl analyzed', 'refinement qtl position', 'snp remained animal', 'ssc4 ssc6 ssc11', 'frequency fit', 'important litter', 'likeness respectively', 'region 660 gene', 'tt genotype bull', 'ld declined', 'attack piglet using', 'eqtl reverse', 'sheep adaptability climatic', 'scd region molecular', 'sequence share 80', 'harbored 124 86', 'associated md resistance', 'population interaction', 'analysis estimate', 'information unavailable', 'feather shorter', 'kg 01', 'h2h2 positive molecular', 'selective breeding gene', 'infection holstein paternal', 'domain cradd suppressor', 'nutrition condition', 'affect carcass', 'fat depth', 'dq474064 dq474068', 'demonstrated genomic region', 'day age ww', '03 ssc7 ssc13', 'qtl limb', 'sesn2 rab4b snp', 'snp genotype greater', 'included total 214', 'used perform genotype', 'labor traditional', 'significant italian', 'af bm gga5', 'chromosome chosen study', 'showed distinct effect', 'pref progesterone receptor', 'fish representing', 'coded healthy', 'evolution sexual', 'landrace pig performing', 'trait milk ph', 'analyze 16 german', 'genotyped 50k', 'number teat left', '17 qtl main', 'ipn resistant yn', 'associated c18 intramuscular', 'gene actually provide', 'romosinuano sharing higher', 'holstein sire 427', 'allow significant gain', 'daughter stillbirth', '10 cm described', 'mutation common', 'bootstrap confidence interval', 'scd region', 'kera associated', 'accumulation homozygous', 'stability cis natural', 'tmem154 nominal', 'qtl associated na', 'mineral tissue partly', 'ability tolerate', 'chromosome evidence quantitative', 'distinction confidence', 'allele 64', 'mm dominance', 'selection commercial broiler', 'allele exist calving', 'cow udder', '42 002 dominance', 'polymorphism significant', 'analysis implemented compared', 'bovine il8 promoter', 'content ppn0', '85 kg', 'used berkshire', 'obtained used estimate', 'animal explained', 'significantly associated lower', 'significantly greater', '001 eye', '361 bp highest', 'interval 500', 'rt pcr analysis', 'cell score analysis', 'study gwas improve', 'result highly significant', 'chicken afe', 'phosphate phospholipid', 'selection trait', 'used wilmink curve', 'white rest breed', '11 qtls significant', 'snp reaching suggestive', 'measured 1033 animal', 'trait association analysis', 'decreased 05 summary', 'measurement tenderness texture', 'level triglyceride', 'affecting androstenone', 'disequilibrium test tdt', 'enzyme regulating', 'declined 15', 'yield bta4 snp', 'ultrasonically measured fat', '16 11', 'known map', 'aim present', 'effect mstn genotype', 'summary 28 18', 'host tb', 'selecting healthier', 'inflammatory immune', 'fifth parity genetic', 'annotating phenotypic', 'crossed genome', '14 milk yield', 'linolenic linoleic', 'threshold glmm', 'association snp chromosome', 'compound snp', '167 genotyped awassi', 'superior growth trait', 'developed crossing', 'reduced fitness sex', 'revealed total 51', 'corresponding nutrient processed', 'second qtl 19', 'family major', 'position revealed microsatellite', '8044 1956', 'rln risk suggesting', 'perform qtl', 'benefit understanding porcine', 'serum faecal sample', 'carcass fatness simultaneously', 'acid metabolism stearoyl', 'intron variant association', 'threshold cut', 'sow performed genome', 'function tcap', 'pelo identified vol', 'refined 180 kb', 'sheep animal heterozygous', 'tnp1 bull', 'panel 250', 'antagonistic trait', 'width puberty', 'relationship lr', 'haplotype association height', 'estimate narrow', 'drps pre', 'associated seven female', 'study carried gwass', 'suite novel', 'total 21 chromosome', '104610 104 mbp', 'haplotype obtained using', 'snp located btx', 'upregulated day birth', 'shank girth 12', 'pair porcine', 'udder structure canadian', 'improvement ema', 'multiple testing correction', 'ssc ssc12 semen', 'cnvs rao susceptibility', 'economic important', 'contrast gwas fertility', 'average 32 million', 'associated occurrence', 'boar eliminated', 'le genomic', 'transport homeostasis platelet', 'day earlier', '17g 114g', 'e1 cyp2e1', 'study qtl express', 'favourable genetic', 'slightly lower values', 'validate genetic', '20 noncoding', 'rjf domesticated white', 'sex interaction affected', 'detection mapping', 'largely contributed', 'trait examined included', 'day non return', 'polymorphism sequencing analysis', '18 information 30', 'genetic locus putatively', '24 postmortem sensory', 'improvement immune capacity', 'region potentially affecting', 'including major histocompatibility', 'chronological change', 'phenotype human', 'breed rhenish', 'cast 373', 'sheep association analysis', 'disequilibrium association', '05 taken result', 'stress exposure', 'mxp 169', 'qtl localized marker', 'lactation record association', 'fleckvieh bta5 microsatellite', 'associated carcass quality', 'analysis lep 1387c', 'analysis ldla carcass', 'epididymal weight ssc7', 'german qtl project', 'significant association rs81399474', 'produce 314', 'chromosome mean', 'content tt significant', 'diagnostics causal', 'chromosome 10 strongly', 'pathogenic avian', 'interval bovine', 'type etec', 'content sheep', 'power gwas significant', 'oar18 gene encodes', 'test weight average', 'tm qtl evaluated', 'homolog trib1 locus', 'analyse candidate region', 'polymorphism snp available', 'italian landrace population', 'cyp21 3911t skatole', 'e2 169 c57r', 'finally qtl', 'parameter nineteen snp', 'family revealed', 'fat width detected', 'pufa content', 'total 106 snp', 'ewe various', '641 3733', 'glycosylated forming', 'increase disease', 'produce offspring', '05 001 respectively', 'breed berkshire 153', 'underlying polymorphism ryr1', 'divergent phenotype resistance', 'employed eighteen', '466 134 bp', 'genotype ab', 'allele taurine breed', 'threshold model conducted', 'awassi merino', 'threshold 05', 'associated cmi', 'difference 35', 'seven chromosome region', 'oc associated snp', 'reproductive genetics', 'association distinct phenotypic', 'considered good candidate', 'regulation haematocrit', 'involved microtia', 'large economic impact', 'specie variation mammalian', 'underlying retp metr', 'total observed phenotypic', 'suggest fabp4', 'reaction iar', 'yield bta 13', 'individual genotyped', 'recruitment domain', 'participate regulation', 'clinical mastitis dairy', 'imf duroc recessive', 'model inflation factor', 'gg showed higher', 'sequence imputation used', 'combined analysis independent', 'fatty acids', 'increased 10', 'cattle significant', 'bta6 bta21 putatively', 'described initially pig', 'gas identified chromosome', 'showed higher dressed', 'wide report genetics', 'accounting 95 total', 'additional marker showed', 'piebaldism holstein immunological', 'relevance igf2', 'significant cutoff value', 'subsequent batch 412', 'conducted explore', '776 dgat1 549', 'carcass trait examined', 'test located genome', 'weight ranging 30', 'identified 235 362', 'lower fresh sperm', 'higher semimembranosus muscle', '12 dgat1', 'elongase related', 'applied combination interval', 'including newly studied', 'salmonella resistance commercial', 'cause boar taint', 'developmental effect', 'parental line previous', 'identify silico approach', 'weight moderate', 'liver mbl1 expressed', 'effect 20', 'fishy odour fmo3', 'representing extreme', 'relationship volume concentration', 'gc mrna', 'respectively male advantage', '12 04 shank', '1387c lepr', 'detected gm associated', 'gfra2 0038 allele', '322 thoroughbreds', 'focused consistently identified', 'sib variance', 'control summary 28', 'herd life informative', 'advance genomic', 'produced 300', 'snp bovinesnp50 beadchip', 'nellore cattle phenotypic', 'variance component genetic', 'processed rec recfat', 'body length phenotype', '70k ggp', 'qtl ssc3 based', '020 snp used', 'function human developmental', 'improvement marker', 'lp data', 'effect genotype bpi', 'androstenone sex pheromone', 'polymorphism related cattle', 'superior female fertility', 'variable detection growth', 'united kingdom netherlands', 'reaction qpcr analyse', 'gene covered exon', 'previously known mutation', 'holding capacity 96', 'theory anova 25', 'addition family specific', 'quality fatness carcass', 'rt higher', '330 suhuai pig', 'region distributed sixteen', 'sheep evolved', 'studied important influence', 'decr1 polymorphism conservative', 'kinase adaptor nyap2', 'offspring comprised 940', '55 cm', '001 94 snp', 'selected footrot', 'quality mc4r', 'control 277 individual', 'bco2 w80x rdhe2', 'gas influenced multiple', 'signal significant genetic', 'significance conclusion', 'morphological score', 'result useful future', 'available underlying genetic', 'association microsatellite marker', 'cast 155 meat', 'lipid qtl', 'putative lethal haplotype', 'previously classified', 'cis 11 cis', 'cm longer', 'haplotype cwt', 'melanocortin receptor agonist', 'molecule responsible', 'showed chromosome probably', 'line birds', '16 estimated allele', 'small moderate heritability', 'dif bayes option', 'detect time', 'holstein grandsires 33', 'cc 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'ankyrin gene', 'ssc17 fine', 'oar3 result strongly', 'growth fatness confirmed', '05 mutation', 'mutation failed', 'g93a identified', 'distal end sus', '49 day', 'analyze age egg', 'result showed high', 'information analysis', 'background maternal', 'frequency weak', 'marker evaluated', 'detected comparison wise', 'sequence intron', 'ease service sire', 'total 54 342', 'indicated c34t', 'western diet milk', '20 23 26', 'trait internal organ', 'qtl analysis clinical', 'applied disentangle genetic', 'cell score snp', 'influencing milk production', 'rate genotyped effort', 'tmem154 gene', 'cofactor atgl stimulating', 'qtldb database', 'successfully located bos', 'wood model considered', 'oar3 marker', 'dna binding', 'genetic covariance', 'production trait snp', 'novel promising', 'study multi', 'screening 129 ayrshire', 'disequilibrium distance', 'animal qtl', '23 26 27', 'particular region', 'rs132865003 rs134340637 rs41919992', 'elongase elovl6', 'similar breed specific', '17 04', 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'environmental exposure', 'genotyped imputed', 'tested bull prim', 'associated muscling', 'development primary follicle', 'pattern prme pre', 'environmental region significantly', 'gene acsm5 crot', 'reproductive longevity utilized', 'dissection complex', 'downregulated known', 'joint separate', 'flanking region scrapie', 'contrast enrichment analysis', 'cost production feed', 'showed significant value', 'gene gas1', '13 27 phenotypic', 'genetic mastitis resistance', 'suggestive snp region', 'thoroughbred relatively recent', 'disease disease severity', 'trait selected using', 'using white duroc', 'qtl peak defined', 'snp rs80805264', 'like odour affecting', 'fertility animal', 'tissue consistent', 'herc2 map3k', 'estrogen receptor growth', 'population discovered missense', 'disorder present human', 'qtl directly exploited', 'stage sum', 'grin1 gabrb2', 'intron published', 'focused bmp7', 'mnb 209', 'prediction accuracy observed', 'lung lowest', 'group located genomic', 'model 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'perineum region respectively', 'mediates effect', 'trait locus position', 'detailed understanding gene', 'ectopic expression porcine', 'location 231', 'marker qtl ssc3', 'schreb decreased', 'genbank dq494488 dq494490', 'farming specie temperate', 'carried map causal', 'defined marker pde4b', 'elucidate molecular basis', 'underlying locus affect', 'test led identification', 'igf2 wild', 'region responsible', 'scan conducted 18', 'imf producing', 'underlying major qtl', 'different underlying', 'syndrome virus prrsv', 'variation exterior', 'ph ssc1', 'generation performed fp', 'derived bac containing', 'effect number', 'related behavioral trait', 'technique qtl', 'mutant ube3b', '15 chromosome leucocyte', 'effect ilsts098', 'cstf1 c20orf43', 'resistance identified genomic', 'suggests polymorphism gene', 'cm sc', 'f2 charolais german', '24 qtl explains', 'zero ppn0 90', 'detected significantly', 'main effect 13', 'percent 44 significant', '38 sd 33', 'effect nba gene', 'model kcnb1 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'breed 0e', 'chicken enhance', 'high level skatole', 'lt minolta duroc', 'result demonstrate effect', 'aldbsscg0000001928 expression', 'static developmental', 'contributing season', 'detection significance', 'chromosome sscx', 'mineralized salt ad', 'decrease age 110', 'process furthermore important', 'dairy trait', 'significant snp c14', 'trait 14', 't314c detected', '10 result', 'wealth knowledge complex', 'quality replicated', 'qtl analysis suggestive', 'significantly decrease', 'increased susceptibility diabetes', 'low lactation concentration', 'data genetic evaluation', 'order ass ability', 'qtl coincided previously', 'increase growth obese', 'chain analysis different', 'testing animal', 'logarithm value', 'trait bighorn', 'hepatogenous mycotoxicosis sheep', 'trait separately mixed', 'egg weight recent', 'specific gene', 'potentially improve understanding', 'showed association saturated', 'analysis consistently', 'ontology showed', 'qtl using 600', 'mitochondrial fusion process', 'gene linkage prnp', '19 porcine', 'absolute value dif', 'west african', 'integrity paternal broiler', '15079217delc rs723240647 coding', 'location confidence interval', 'locus 82 88', 'identified 40', 'aforementioned technology investigated', 'polymorphism result 17122a', 'protein level identified', 'group respectively', 'including total 1213', 'knott regression analysis', 'haplotype substitution similar', 'genetic parameter performed', 'goat cattle controversial', 'roh analysis', 'major fraction', '0009 lean percentage', 'percentage saturated', 'low heritability major', 'sample cohort', '07 lw androstenone', 'agent enzootic bovine', 'different family', 'landrace 13', 'map2k6 participate gonadotropin', 'animal better', 'different bco2 genotype', 'calving ease animal', 'trait required animal', '312 microsatellites', '768 cbs pig', 'qtl length limb', 'snp scd', 'sire evaluation', 'sow genotyped 194', 'provide starting point', 'cpm gene contains', 'criticized risk factor', 'based nil 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stage', 'known promising candidate', 'region using gene', 'additive genomic effect', '23 showed experiment', 'repeat cg nucleotide', 'permutation 100', 'highly heritable trait', '5746 holstein friesian', 'omy 17 jointly', 'rt polymerase', 'mt involved biologically', 'sw1953 18 04', 'allele appeared desirable', 'bw 35 42', 'challenge revealed', 'improvement current elite', 'genome wide efficient', 'qtl ranged nitrogen', 'gga gga1 gga4', 'hampered identification qtls', 'fat1 region statistical', 'production body', 'strongly affecting backfat', 'nutrition fat content', '570 712 snp', 'cc dc 01', 'control variety', '24 ph', 'csn3 gene', 'unique haplotype identified', 'ld adjusted', 'interesting result', 'deletion variant near', 'specific channel catfish', 'collectively 21 candidate', 'genome scan cpd', 'explained single snp', 'rfi bf goal', 'count explored', 'evaluate association carcass', 'immunocrits 470 litter', 'kinase signaling skeletal', 'increasing country', 'size cm region', 'fasn acetyl', 'utilized milk', 'cm resolution', 'analysis polygenic', 'epistatic effect epistasis', 'horse study examined', 'protein sp1', 'step elongation cycle', 'locus significantly', '12 static qtl', 'atp5b large', 'similar occasionally', 'chromosome japanese', 'set 820 snp', 'haplotype breed', 'season analysis used', 'known genotype', 'threonine acc alanine', 'crossbreed respectively', 'tested son 297', 'lumbar bft', 'suggestive lod 35', 'indicated haplotype formed', 'meishan pig single', 'corpus lutea number', 'range phenotype diabetes', 'connection variation fatty', '50k genotype various', 'carried chicken', 'pietrain pig ppara', 'mating parent', 'corresponds critical region', 'cast located chromosome', 'holstein qtl identified', 'differ footrot resistance', 'index enriched platelet', 'fat moisture content', 'using local', 'revealed highly significant', 'family offspring sire', 'corresponding development melanoma', 'present possible', 'lead better understanding', 'western pig finding', 'wise level permutation', '009 increased', 'shank growth different', 'harboured qtls production', '14 informative', 'lean muscle', 'classical breed cross', '79 significant', 'univariate outbred', 'required advantage', 'aspect social', 'feeding fasting consumption', 'leg weakness pig', 'increase pulmonary', 'effect harvest', 'determine qtl segregating', 'snp analysis', 'gga1 affecting', 'polymorphism snp significantly', 'closely linked dio3', 'tested bvd pi', 'trait showed', 'faecal tissue', 'novel avfec qtl', 'ssc dfi bf', 'tail fat development', 'association significance locus', 'consisting snp respectively', 'distal play important', 'snp myadm', 'hematocrit rectal temperature', 'association body mass', 'explained 27 18', 'telomeric end', 'single trait mapping', 'gland extract', 'snp scd region', 'candidate gene modulating', 'capacity 96', 'effect detected', 'length mass', 'element piii transcript', 'pooling strategy', 'ppargc1a subsequently haplotype', 'locus behavioural', 'history breed fatness', 'tt ebpβ transcription', '28 trait', 'difference ability', 'step control infection', 'applicable selective breeding', 'total particularly', 'detected utr restriction', 'transformed trait', 'trait making', 'confirmed generation', '118 119 33', 'preliminary evidence individual', 'cause increase 43', 'muscle growth result', 'imf important', 'new family', 'strategy proposed', 'wisconsin herd', '158 bp', 'fcr broiler identification', 'selected genome', 'effect 1574a allele', 'tb outcome disease', 'difference cattle breed', 'effect lepr polymorphism', 'developing footrot', 'early pregnancy ep', 'human salmonella infection', 'residual feed intake', '01 additional ssc1', 'cow high resistance', 'trait investigated holstein', 'qtl haplotype analysis', 'alter bmp5 interaction', '92 553 haplotype', 'information adg', 'tailing weight 009', 'trait prkag3 region', 'previous detected chromosome', 'model carried cm', 'sgc horse using', '16 weight', 'related severity ovlv', 'longitudinal approach able', 'egfr candidate', 'growth mammal', 'high genomic', 'mutation influence', 'feather peck', 'study revealed overlap', 'analysis revealed qtl', 'tenderness qtl pressure', 'line 60 snp', 'unknown homeologous', 'defined locus', 'incorporation genomic information', 'regression slaughter', 'life bta2 lrp1b', 'mnb209 span genetic', 'ssc6 significant', 's26449 random', 'd2 receptor drd2', 'crimp detected 28', 'based duroc', '572 progeny test', 'correlated drip loss', 'fast growth', 'fine mapped potential', 'include quantitative', 'qtl 05 located', 'growth trait utilized', 'placenta selected analysis', 'response tonic immobility', 'score average instron', 'cebpa gene detected', 'testosterone estrogen confirming', 'concentration holstein allele', 'locus extensive search', '12 finding', 'related milk', 'extended 58 informative', '80k single nucleotide', 'commercial pig breeding', 'putative link il8', 'myogenic factor', 'calculated single qtl', 'called vacaria fecg', 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variance', 'responsible breed specific', 'number ssc9 result', 'muscle ssc8', 'gene dgat1 insig1', 'facilitated access raw', 'luciferase assay performed', 'twice effect', 'apoptosis protein', 'csfv lysozyme', '49 significant', 'qtl exerted', 'trait expressed animal', 'differing historical geographical', 'permutation significance', 'gwas sheep', 'beadchip 911', 'composition porcine intramuscular', 'divergent german', 'bta1 qtl', 'lay preliminary', 'ass level', 'quasi likelihood score', 'cow polymerase', 'according compound', 'axiom pig1', 'property dairy', 'improved mapping resolution', 'gallus chromosome 10', 'parity experiment', 'compared rfi fewer', 'modified animal', 'structure analyzed', 'holstein suggesting', 'production skin lesion', 'effect qtl apparent', 'detected confirmed sequencing', 'factor implication', 'related fertility production', 'fit data', 'validated marker', 'qtl proximal', 'line paper', 'available sample revealed', 'age important trait', 'cattle susceptible ectoparasite', 'longissimus dorsi rna', 'site identified', 'tenderness connective', 'ssc1 study confirmed', 'including trait', 'suggesting polygenic trait', 'indicator trait faecal', 'microsatellite snp', 'gwas identified qtl', 'confirm previous study', 'hypothalamus pituitary ovary', 'cm3 qtl affecting', '1387c lep', 'identified contain', 'score qtl ph', 'population effect genotype', 'study gwas longitudinal', 'pc measure', 'number animal', 'approximately trait genetic', 'making identification', 'showed novel', 'rolling eyelid', 'individual lobe number', 'cull cow carcass', '333 birds sex', 'encompassed pign kiaa1468', 'wide allocated autosomal', 'snp negligible frequency', '500 domestic sheep', 'daughter holstein', 'pin nipple', 'cm 360', 'human infection mycobacterium', 'fifth parity', '817 cow adjusted', 'nhi white leghorn', 'qtl effect founder', 'called fecx', 'opening way gene', 'tbx5 rbm19', 'association milk', 'mscc kit association', 'line study', 'eqtl potential effect', 'map manager', 'rab28 myogenic induction', 'dressing percentage myostatin', 'selection bmts', 'carcass trait performed', 'clarified unclear', 'curve assist understanding', 'susceptibility region', 'per1 per2', 'snp haplotype comprising', 'strongyles fec', '34 phenotype', 'pig 106', 'increasing functional', 'technology genetic selection', 'result total', 'fibre diameter', 'tested significant', 'discovering qtl', 'trait 37', 'breed classical gwas', 'iberian meishan sow', 'included model 20', 'tissue snp', '11 snp', 'layer hen', 'family csn1s1 promoter', 'breed addition 43', 'trait significant imprinting', 'score respectively', 'snp duroc pig', 'associated gr', 'particular snp ars', 'gwa analysis milk', 'association rs81399474', 'fat number pig', 'dongxiang chicken result', 'hay familial', '331 backcross', 'limited power detect', '543bp open', 'molecular characterization potential', 'korean native', 'rm006 developed', 'genetic variation marker', 'source associated ap', 'frequency determined', 'wise level association', 'histocompatibility complex congenic', 'variability functional role', 'low blup value', 'meat carcass trait', 'replacement leucine phenylalanine', 'vaccination biosecurity', 'inhaled stable', 'broiler breeding program', 'high apparent', 'brazil largest', 'association ap', 'affecting meat color', 'potentially relevant annotated', 'trait investigated 106', 'gene examined strongest', 'chromosome qtl segregated', 'omy325uog significantly', 'range 199', 'simulated variance function', 'count platelet', 'bioinformatics pipeline', 'region predicted', 'homolog dlk2 modulates', 'chromosomal significance threshold', 'strength vitro', 'clean greasy', 'support association lepr', 'swedish maternal line', 'gene appeared', 'mechanism underlying metabolic', 'detected 17 different', 'sensor quality control', 'metabolism pde4b involved', '135 cm selected', 'milk detected cow', 'solution overcome', 'growth adult', 'taint strong', '10 effect estimated', 'cell surface', 'chromosome region showing', 'gene related growth', 'paulo goiás march', '37 04', 'determining concentration', 'genetic variance birth', 'receptor growth', 'black cattle sire', 'chicken chromosome suggestive', 'heifer estimate dominance', 'fcb128 rm356 oar', 'recently detected feed', 'follicular igf2 expression', 'conformation promising variant', 'considerably improved', 'affect bone cartilage', 'snp locus located', 'mastitis mapped', 'suggested potential pathway', 'detected sla region', 'including residual', 'variant hydrolase domain', 'near slaii', 'trait overlapped', 'shank typically yellow', 'use gene expression', 'common expression', '12 week age', '56 s2 65', 'progeny testing used', 'colour evident', 'snp gemma emmax', 'gastrointestinal parasitic', 'cl 24269 additive', 'stature strength genetic', 'northern hybridisation liver', 'common abnormality bovine', 'procedure sequential', '1959 potential', 'identify quantify strength', 'beadchip illumina pig', 'consequence differential', 'microrna gga mir', 'microsatellite marker covering', 'region containing qtl', 'genome control immune', 'defined selective', 'mycobacterial infection aim', 'bf shown sensitive', 'based calpain', '1752816097 exon', 'fertile stallion obvious', 'snp 100 1000', 'framework daughter', 'observed earlier growth', 'population commercial dam', 'quality taken', 'tnb compared', 'perform gwas identify', 'yield index', 'derived macrophage result', 'background teat development', 'identify molecular marker', 'test snp tph2', 'performed using 100', 'importance provides support', 'parameter derived', 'porcine genome qtl', 'analysis conducted outbreak', 'candidate influence vertebra', 'genotyped 373 swiss', 'breed linkage analysis', 'dataset consisted record', '566g intron non', '420458 high quality', 'trial heritability estimate', 'different time production', 'composition variability iberian', 'identified 20', 'age chest girth', 'cancer pig', 'meishan breed single', 'generation advanced', 'csfv lysozyme concentration', '466 134', 'disease swine', 'location family likely', 'qtl included cv', 'lost influence behavioural', 'ovine gene 878bp', 'gene bw', 'meat quality metabolic', 'important adverse effect', 'program validating', 'reported resistant', 'rat mouse', 'spacing approximately', 'measured association', 'evidence association porcine', 'snp position 74', 'control approach used', 'cross model applied', 'replicated family significant', 'female used', 'protein lipid', 'weight cwt commercial', 'p13k akt signaling', 'reproductive hormone', 'founder line', 'gene bw bw', 'map based study', 'utr association production', 'genetically determined mapping', 'commercial elisa', 'level gene', 'phenotypic data 353', 'process wish', 'range parasite', 'sib family comprising', 'individual test', 'carried qtl', 'phenotypic genetic variance', 'identified chromosome lfec', 'regulator relevant', 'homolog dlk2', 'study rectal', 'variation affect', 'downstream region', '32 pathway trappc9', 'densely spaced average', 'inheritance 31', 'yearling height bta', 'european asian miniature', '16 deletion insertion', 'study embryonic', 'improved performance trait', 'primiparous cow genetic', 'association milk trait', 'regulated common', 'h3h3 diplotype highest', '10 18 region', 'product major', 'haplotype 34 common', 'mqts aim study', 'cv located functional', 'trait analysis reduced', 'vast majority', 'population boost', 'embryo associated', 'body length hip', 'regression genomic', 'candidate polymorphism', 'identified seven coding', 'value fatty', 'regulate expression gene', 'total qtl exceeded', 'sire grandsire genetic', 'snp selected quality', 'study consistent qtl', 'development objective', 'adjustment multiple', 'bwt 10 partial', 'specific effect multivariate', 'increased decreased iii', 'notably analysis highlighted', 'extreme form', 'body measured 21', '127 microsatellites', 'small genetical', 'allele allele', 'region scrapie incubation', 'aberration malnutrition potentially', 'sheep snp genotyped', 'luxi breed', 'skin furthermore', 'regarding direct', 'noncoding intronic', 'commercial variety white', 'phenotype time evident', 'spatial structure change', 'individual survivor control', 'investigated effect dgat1', 'age laying', 'g840327c gnrh gene', 'associated 15', 'insemination bull distributed', 'mammalian fetal', 'hoxd gene', 'identified angiopoietin pathway', 'different farm', 'value pre breeding', 'analysis regional genomic', 'used finland indicated', 'congenital entropion specific', 'qtl parameter', 'unraveling complex', 'component analysis implemented', 'large number significant', 'determine fatty acid', 'offspring refine', 'significantly associated relative', 'lfec detected', 'mir206 micrornas mirnas', 'explain genetic mechanism', 'autosomal heritability analysis', 'conducted longissimus fat', 'genotypic model jph1', '54 carcass weight', 'parameter derive new', 'genotype rs13687126', 'footrot resistance method', 'field tested', 'involved control feed', 'value studied population', 'axis critical target', 'cystic ovary', '05 ac cow', 'total population result', 'increase supply', 'aim study evaluate', 'ulceration interfering', 'qtl visualization', 'chromosome region contained', 'progeny difference', 'estimated multi trait', 'characterised progressive debilitation', 'known breast', 'seriously economic', 'infection status', '43 gp', 'qtl old', 'shrinkage estimation', 'qtl peak md', 'highlight comprehensive', '221 cow', 'chromosome adjust', 'improved map', 'line divergent phenotype', 'ripk2 snp', 'complex bola', 'identified 10 chromosome', '45080228c 45080335c changed', 'allele multi', 'controlled single autosomal', 'new single', '10 43', 'sacrificial custom praying', 'composition pork', 'provide relevant', 'plw duroc pietrain', 'size important indicator', 'genotyped 172 microsatellite', 'decreased subcutaneous', 'selected qtl', 'variance small breed', 'genotyped generation linkage', 'sequenced genome', 'proving trait feasible', 'gg higher sc', '876 montbéliarde cow', 'ratio blood', 'mstn af320998', 'regional analysis', 'bta 19', '19 detected chr', 'conducted 12', 'different impact growth', '5a specific', 'breed population', 'frequency 26 united', 'genotype snp time', 'cross presented using', 'ldl2 corrected', 'region associated ketosis', 'intergenic region genome', 'immune trait play', 'enlarged sample', 'design body', 'correspond identified previously', 'snp associated respectively', 'analyzed 464', 'parameter trait', 'binding nuclear protein', 'proc mixed loin', 'region utr respectively', 'gene bovine tuberculosis', 'finally prominent', 'position second', 'mapped different region', 'csrnp1 park7', 'microsatellites conducted identify', 'chinese erhualian', 'result gilt', 'peak md', 'influence mt article', 'weight haplotype', 'region including brd2', 'gene 35 snp', 'sample 201 chinese', 'mechanism phenotypic', 'plxnc1 addition', 'imposed trait', 'maximum marker bms1724', 'teat important trait', 'investigation arm ssc4', 'region similar qtl', 'involving missing', 'difference bos', 'data male', '55 located directly', 'implied spot14alpha', 'case ocd', 'using matrix assisted', 'albeit age class', 'gene mterf2 rtbc', 'data bc', '29 using genome', 'serpina1 serpin', 'approach suggested', 'novel qtl confirmed', 'yield diplotypes', 'challenged ndv heat', 'assembly gene ontology', 'globe especially', 'mastitis free control', 'suggested qtl bw', 'weight 70 05', 'analysis able', 'adck4 rear', 'rhm approach chromosomal', '426 angus brangus', '421 hen', 'hypothalamus reduced', 'linked obtained', 'loss result study', 'using microarray gene', 'weight death red', 'yield deviation data', 'independent study shown', 'selection decision studied', 'cross species comparison', 'trait adjacent', 'yield lactation kg', 'genetic background increase', 'individual produced f1', 'column critical', 'growth rate ndv', 'recovered 14days post', 'evaluated independent replication', 'snp significant pathway', 'suggested foki', 'trait neonatal sheep', 'assessed sheep', 'pregnancy parturition comparative', 'included 1260 individual', 'trait locus linkage', 'locus implying commonality', 'bw70 lower fcr', 'gene indicate', 'based sift', 'respectively study aimed', 'retained placenta harbored', 'backfat intramuscular fatty', 'ins ins genotype', 'eqtls value', 'sib pair porcine', 'individual joint', 'cm _ldha_79', 'total 356 microsatellites', '13 eqtls', 'powerful canine result', 'statistic proportion variance', 'segregating texel family', 'controversial main', 'analysis original', 'study quantitative trait', 'created based sire', 'loss lm', 'altogether 26', 'microsatellites 13 single', 'study understand genetic', 'solid coloured horse', 'weight segregating large', 'collected worm egg', 'bovine mapping 10k', 'gene bp', 'agonistic gregarious factor', 'sheep farming', '11 enzymatic', 'threshold unless', '47 interesting', 'holstein resulted', 'variety reciprocal', 'lg growth used', 'broiler population sire', 'fam174a chd1', 'respect pleiotropy order', 'lead advancement pork', '2002c causality', 'vrq vrq result', 'entire male pig', 'make difficult', 'emotional reaction bird', 'study 854', '569 significantly associated', 'routinely accumulated used', 'phenotypic variation observed', 'derived comparison reduced', 'alternatively locus cause', 'carora variation', 'fact common', 'collected data', 'family 245', 'occurs prolonged', 'population braunvieh', 'trait pig genomic', 'variant causal cause', 'protein production near', 'coding snvs', 'interval snp', 'analysis available', 'gene network contributing', 'dissecans ocd intermediate', 'korean cattle bonferroni', 'region associated fertility', 'epithelial cell vivo', 'illumina bovinesnp50 assay', 'spef2 gene associated', 'ld regression 1536', 'lipid trait half', 'recognized pre ensembl', 'approach locus bta5', 'effect sex', 'signaling activity', 'qtl fertility', 'fully explored fish', 'bull genotyped 169', 'concentration boar taint', 'su wld', 'metabolism obesity', 'polymorphism snp 42', 'gene genetic', 'region showed modest', 'searched silico snp', 'range postmortem', 'calf identified sign', 'promoter region explored', 'selection reduce prevalence', 'critical piglet survival', 'tnfsf11 gene 79', 'value dif bayes', 'kg phenotypic', 'low level ld', 'despite enhanced post', 'consistent original line', 'regard number magnitude', 'ovarian function melanogenesis', 'hind leg yield', 'spp1 casein kappa', 'trait low false', 'serum viremia 21', 'population different single', 'genotyped 135 crossbred', 'line 290 progeny', '10 snp sliding', 'leaving genotype', 'sliding window gebv', 'sensory organoleptic', '139 microsatellite', 'genetic group derived', 'bta1 31', 'day record thi', 'program initiate effort', 'tmem154 nominal 10', 'gp influenced trait', 'used 12 trait', 'characterized evaluated', 'composition trait measurement', 'reaction amplicons sequenced', 'intake feed conversion', 'trait locus present', 'available multitrait group', 'genome 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prophylaxis', '98 10 genomewide', 'merino cross', 'anterior snp fdr', 'verified multiple', 'sire production carcass', 'study 230', 'resistance tick heritable', 'number weaned', 'swedish dairy cattle', 'coding snp putative', 'trait btax', 'body weight 71', 'contortus consecutive', 'identified 05 lc', 'epistasis shown', 'snp31 strongly linked', 'lamb animal', 'haplotype spotted non', 'identified 13 eqtls', 'sc region', 'minor role fe', 'preadipocytes overexpression', 'second qtl', 'based rest genome', 'stratification conducting', 'relevantly associated novo', '25 milk', 'sult1a1 cyp2e1 conclusion', 'using marker associated', 'oar18 detected', 'analyzed animal', 'wide fixation coefficient', 'dependent effect addition', 'overlapped marker interval', 'korean cattle hanwoo', 'qtl adjacent', 'status using', 'pig resource', 'bp associated', 'search candidate calving', 'closest gene loc102164072', 'previously detected qtl', 'figf tgf', 'qtl express 33', 'testing aid breeding', 'swine family 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association', 'supported permutation tree', 'pi p2 negatively', 'elovl6 gene positional', 'focused young', 'partly common', 'genetic regulation locus', 'physiological response stress', 'birth weight postnatal', 'confirmed cm confidence', 'sc linked qtl', 'data detected population', 'controlled prp', 'identified 598 animal', '45 190 half', 'cluster bta11 peap', 'model ridge', 'animal available protein', 'earliest gwa', 'reproduction trait performance', 'fat deposition gene', 'heritable inverted teat', 'explored method', 'performance common', 'university western australia', 'snp analysis additive', 'model snp phenylalanine', 'average drip loss', 'year birth haplotype', 'previous study opn', 'case identification', 'symptom oc', 'analysis probesets expression', 'polymorphism present map4k4', 'identified highly', 'marker identify', 'associated skeletal', 'slanting length pelvic', 'advance high', 'good eggshell quality', 'trait measured vivo', 'revealed 61', 'differentiation isolated', 'multifaceted protein', 'ssc6 result', 'disease resistance challenging', 'reported qtls fertility', 'individual descended breeding', 'estimate traditional fertility', 'fine mapping study', 'multiple cattle population', 'chicken reference', 'fmo5 esr1 higher', 'card15 gene susceptibility', 'qtl directly', 'ssc2q indicates', 'beneficial able use', 'apob synthesized', 'muscle compact', 'resistance buffalo', '21 qtl significance', 'generation meishan', 'metabolic acidosis common', 'mixed model based', 'ram divergent', 'transcript agreement reporter', 'pietrain allele meishan', 'beadchip data used', 'qtl analysing', 'array gwa', 'boar analyzed detect', 'cattle gene collected', 'region explaining 28', 'changing photoperiod', 'incidence degree assistance', 'refined 20', 'missense mutation 1148g', 'association analysis suggests', 'solid coloured breed', '277 microsatellite marker', 'lean meat fat', 'trait covering', 'indirectly resulted', 'respectively marker largest', 'ahr cn', 'qtlr tested association', 'creates target site', 'array substantial', 'redness ultimate', 'teat malformation cattle', 'dairy cattle osteopontin', '305 day 590', '38 mb draft', 'described comparison', '79 calf', 'indicator aggression', 'transduction insulin secretion', 'genetic marker adipose', 'trait study gwas', 'length correlated', 'greater variability', 'snp empirical', 'plan possible', 'region close', 'sc production trait', 'study result mlma', 'km time multiple', '10 chromosome 11', 'background feather pecking', 'region 125 846', 'eggshell color egg', 'association analysis finding', 'human resulting', 'parental line dna', 'weight difference', 'confirmed major effect', 'gene correlated lipid', 'sequence containing', 'testing gwas 10', 'affected 21', 'analysis offer additional', 'human relevant', 'beadchip 412 993', 'sampling heritability', 'mediate function melatonin', 'width chromosome', 'major qtls', 'trait measured', 'challenge protozoan', 'cow haplotype tggaca', 'intron nup210', 'informative snp revealed', 'lactate glucose tri', 'significant percentage additive', 'snp simultaneously random', 'sequence coding', 'coloured breed', '76e 07 90e', 'region bovine ankyrin', 'age covariate', 'new marker identified', 'scope selecting pig', 'maturation fast', 'independently bft', 'genotype maternal', 'synthase fasn', 'known associated body', 'association detected qtl', 'chicken plumage color', 'imprinting effect genotypic', 'preliminary framework identify', 'amplicons encompassing', 'trait ovine bovine', 'romanov texel f2', 'sustain normal', 'procedure cattle', 'litter size genotype', 'generation study', 'born alive iberian', 'width cw chest', 'gene slc37a1', 'showed founder', 'density snp map', 'gene interaction incorporated', 'group member', 'qtl fine mapping', 'estimated using weighted', 'used sustainable manner', 'platelet related', 'steer evidence', 'muscle development yield', 'colt quantitative trait', 'taint liver tissue', 'csfv serum', 'moved away', 'high cost 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'trait affected', 'selected chromosome', 'acid composition dairy', 'gne cplx1', 'qtl different meat', 'significantly deeper measured', 'trait pathway network', 'study previous publication', 'identification gene associated', 'sc h2', 'chinese dairy cattle', 'haplotype distribution', 'recently relatively large', 'associated decrease', '37 04 shank', 'weight triglyceride level', 'marker total', '05 genome', 'difficulty dcd', 'potentially relate semen', 'mortality categorical', 'interaction observed', 'based variance explained', 'pasture fed beef', 'deviation phenotypic variance', 'score water holding', '304 pig', 'meat purpose study', 'association dgat1 lys232ala', 'load vl', 'weight mmwt', '29 different flock', 'included 172 microsatellite', 'assaf sheep using', 'information characterization slc39a7', 'relevant association', 'ensembl cattle qtldb', 'cw detected', 'exposure mouldy', 'potential application marker', 'cm contains gene', 'difference fatness trait', 'different phenotype', 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breed', 'day age included', 'inherited 10 case', 'population conclusion pirm', 'second significant region', 'cow genetic potential', 'testis danish cross', 'fto fat', 'time lower longer', 'total 81 gene', 'locus previously', 'gene predicted', 'aa 116 lm', 'factor receptor ngfr', 'scd gpat4 fasn', 'egg laying make', 'gwas 44 milk', 'pattern muscle different', 'individual using truly', 'cut backfat', 'parasitological trait model', 'trait obtain information', 'understand function', 'prl peroxisome', 'anaemia control candidate', 'near acsl4', 'confidence interval le', 'cryptic causal relationship', '149 85 149', 'genome scan white', 'greatest pbm diplotype', 'panellist linear', 'low marbled high', 'categorized 802', 'ascites incidence modern', 'finding suggesting conservation', 'pig diverse', 'superior meat quality', 'fcr2 genotyped using', 'removing significant snp', 'virulent response stress', 'independence group association', 'associated tenderness', 'temporal stage conclusions', 'dry genotyped', 'number sick', 'based available evidence', 'total saturated', 'carcass reduced growth', 'antibody response vaccination', 'age 110 kg', 'largely contributed variability', 'fshr gene investigated', 'significantly remarkable', 'sheep growth trait', 'outbreak total 420458', 'ranged 2768', '1829t coding sequence', 'variance 29', 'pose increased', 'csn3 variance analysis', 'analysis validated presence', 'intron revealed', 'site showed', '27 significant qtl', 'aim research gain', 'present previous', 'skatole sperm count', 'performed linkage disequilibrium', 'variation require investigation', 'lepr leprot dnajc6', 'explained qtls ranged', 'explaining phenotypic', '198 bta20 03', 'scurs female normal', 'unknown association', 'accumulation necrotic', 'intron revealed computer', '31 007 bta26', 'expression detected testis', 'joint located equine', '65 99', 'qtl m4', 'lod bmd', 'qtl developmental qtl', 'qtls ssc7 comparative', 'affect scrapie incubation', 'rate identified meishan', 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'herpesvirus suhvi porcine', 'regulation appetite', '44 mb qtl', 'region controlling', 'effect suggesting dominance', 'israeli holstein sire', 'qtl detection carried', 'biological positional', 'potentially causative', 'element target site', '938 phenotyped individual', 'strong leg foot', 'pair homeologues duplicated', 'abnormal oocyte morphology', 'imputation based association', 'measured map', '05 linkage', 'resistance milking', '424 single', 'analyze endometrial gene', 'linkage japanese', 'estimate breed analysis', 'include modifier dc', 'recycle calving', 'sire addition', 'backfat bmp2', 'effect adjacent', 'affecting weekly shank', '46 70', 'brahman influence increased', 'test performed resulting', 'ca analysis performed', 'altered lipid content', 'identified result', 'estimated genomic heritability', 'gene peptidylprolyl isomerase', 'temperament flock selected', 'routine vaccination biosecurity', 'n301 bw 49', 'cofi rflp respectively', 'crested head comb', 'piglet 334', 'gene sus 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allowed identification', 'indicated tcap play', 'technological property meat', 'position using microsatellite', '533 217_79', 'in7 g162c', 'originate finnish', 'phenotypic evolution', 'low minor allele', 'report assay regulatory', 'partial imprinting', 'height native british', 'detected analysed data', 'type trait studied', 'vaccine efficacy', 'different background', 'a19 cyp2a19 sulfotransferases', 'dna markers', 'weaning average daily', 'grade 87 cm', 'value illumina porcinesnp60', 'stratification analyzed data', 'spanning 34 cm', 'famt define subtypes', 'peak height', 'identified underlying', 'dihomo gamma', 'snp 19', 'slaughter linear', 'data cross qtl', 'known microtia observed', 'portion body', 'interaction calcium', 'factor heterosis', 'control aim', 'detected altering', 'bovine chromosome concordant', 'e46 egg production', 'process birth', 'variance component susceptibility', 'evidence provided', 'haplotype sire 20', 'qtl negative data', '28 total phenotypic', 'conclusion 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receptor', 'genetic resource study', 'elisa sample', 'provide useful', '54 mb associated', 'related phenotype evaluated', 'cgmp pathway', 'setd7 liver', 'association 05 detected', 'compared pcp pcp', '133 marker', 'phosphorylated form ampk', 'using 139', 'reach statistical significance', 'dairy cattle productivity', 'abdominal fat af', 'interval ci 13', '10 66 mbp', 'locus collected explained', 'method refined position', 'v33a mutation bco2', 'protein ucp1', 'significant experiment', 'nsb number', 'expression physiology result', 'specific pcr kasp', 'utilised marker assisted', 'effect growth feed', 'different feeding', 'showed higher score', 'respectively gga4 qtl', 'susceptibility date', 'pig excellent', 'read sample total', 'promoter region studied', 'lifr ngef', 'generally significant 12', 'role fat', 'resistance cd predictive', 'deregressed analysis statistical', 'level higher semimembranosus', 'ssc12 associated 45', 'imaging technology ray', 'ng androstenone', 'f2 chicken', 'total 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'beneficial characterize candidate', 'showed effect behavioural', 'suhvi porcine', 'weight egg oviposition', 'affecting trait enhances', 'determinant lipopolysaccharide', 'food security', 'potentially genetic', 'seventeen genomic segment', 'vicinity gene encoding', 'process involved development', '160g 437g silent', 'metallic non', 'muscular fiber type', 'cm 28', '214 including', 'controlled 10 level', 'elucidating underlying genetic', 'bovine snp array', 'fmo5 cyp21 esr1', 'suggests time novel', '300 kb', 'muscle different age', 'possible qtl', '33 qtl parent', 'trait diacylglycerol acyltransferase', 'growth fat trait', 'f2 cross', 'swiss cow used', 'chicken liver weight', 'daughter design association', 'tail formation essential', 'uchl1 adjacent rs81399474', 'line used derive', 'partly consistent', 'overlap previously reported', 'chromosome revealed', 'cnv study', 'mirna precursor', 'avfec arcsine transformed', 'weight lw', 'holstein bull', 'growth qtl observed', 'ncbi polymorphism', 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age 457', 'gene potential region', 'market weight 110', 'haplotype result presented', 'living pedigree 588', 'variant white', 'linked feathering', 'leg mapped', 'snp bta2', 'forest rf analysis', 'sdccag3 hu', 'expression differing mendelian', 'allelic form sequence', 'genotype 200 shetland', 'milk yield body', 'gene phenotypic trait', 'ensembl snp window', 'recombination marker', 'vrtn gene associated', 'protein fubp3', 'localized location', 'kera lyz non', 'tested computer', '05 taken', 'modified live classical', 'analysis performed fitting', 'intramuscular fat 01', 'framework carry genomic', 'modern pig distantly', 'omy17 omy9', 'confirmed quantitative trait', 'reported highlighted', 'using daughter', 'component method determined', 'gene polymorphism linked', 'cell western commercial', 'enable effective', '100 000 permutation', 'marker regression frequentist', 'buffalo cattle consist', 'linear model glm', 'proportionally large', 'en conclusion en', 'composition meat quality', 'relevance affect', 'dgat1 reproduction trait', 'nh breed highest', 'affect profitability dairy', 'thickness shoulder loin', 'type suffolk', 'weakness resulting', 'gene hypothalamus', '10 marker chromosome', 'associated chest', 'dorsi 45', 'selection pressure bacterial', 'stage qpcr', 'susceptible mated', '25 29 34', 'abc6 abc10 contribute', 'combination eqtl', 'according linear', 'approach 95 bayes', 'stress level', '33 cm', 'multivariate qtl', 'meat production sheep', 'scan radiological', 'animal microsatellites spanning', 'polymerase gene play', 'composition purpose', 'strain rainbow trout', 'cnvs 18', 'time dependent', 'purpose cattle', 'polymorphism covering autosomal', 'rs109663724 rs132699547', 'respectively buffalo', 'fecgt present', 'f4 fimbria', 'assisted selection breeding', 'sheep benefit', 'sus scrofa data', 'rate predisposition', 'industry blv proviral', 'sire respectively', 'animal marker used', 'domain containing', 'abw contribute', 'exon5 significantly', 'necessary ascertain snp', 'salmonella potential', 'marker intervals maximum', 'snp fit logistic', 'conclusion absence', 'role feed', 'association detected chromosome', 'il8 h2 increased', 'infectious disease usually', 'angle chromosome qtl', 'animal temperament', 'behaviour trait assessed', 'generally significant', 'tick burden bta14', 'ca zn mg', 'sequence used linkage', 'causative mutation nearby', 'correspondence effect', 'pleiotropic aa 116', 'trait resulted', 'semen quality trait', 'quality trait based', 'exon plin1 gene', 'ontology analysis pathway', 'eqtl modulating', 'collect genetic', 'refers recombination', 'snp ars', 'antagonistic association muc4', 'used popular', 'animal record', 'snp detected chromosome', 'danish dairy breed', 'note identified qtl', 'result trial heritability', 'aa associated increased', 'detected single snp', 'body size trait', 'area body', 'trait association pparc1a', 'family completely', 'gene target gene', 'test statistic calculated', 'snp 108 gene', '13 bb710', 'fully explored', 'hb level leucocyte', 'force measurement assessed', 'unknown applied', 'gene hmga1 ssc15', 'suggesting variation locus', 'scanned 127', 'gga3 abdominal', 'identify genes', 'locus pointing conserved', 'udder inverted', 'sd growth', 'variety phenotypic', 'limpet hemocyanin', 'mapping analysis', 'rln risk associated', 'obesity marker', 'important lowly heritable', 'program reported result', 'bwg fcr 05', '27534932a polymorphism tnf', 'size type beard', 'compared daughter', 'property addition', 'mapping genome', 'average sc productivity', 'increase dmy', 'amino acid hgd', 'pb way crossbred', 'gpt 143 horse', 'identified snp close', 'targeted breeding program', 'rxfp2 shown additive', 'linear model analysis', 'snp detected igf1', 'seminological motility parameter', 'region fourteen chromosome', 'subcutaneous adipose', 'vaccenic acid based', 'weight growth gga1', 'number haplotype 34', 'identified chromosomal subregions', 'lamb associated significantly', 'respectively gg ga', 'effect gender age', 'conducted group', 'animal 166', 'locus reproductive trait', 'mastitis somatic cell', '27 microsatellites mean', 'map3k5 nrac ntng1', 'result step', 'genotype greater random', 'qtl large number', '1049 alp 439', 'incidence polymorphism bovine', 'data set genome', 'inferred sequenced', 'pathway retinol metabolism', 'population result considerable', 'significance threshold', 'breed allele respectively', 'hereford cattle', 'genomic regulation', 'taken study', 'snp ssc1 disappeared', 'sheep isolated', 'heritabilities se', 'mqts 05 combined', 'selection commercial line', 'consumer genotyped 497', 'increase detection power', 'inflate false', 'developed world', 'qtl region qtl', 'trait chinese erhualian', 'based linear', 'snp 667 f2', 'significant cause', 'impact milk performance', 'type enzyme', 'uncorrelated feature', 'previous study present', 'diarrhoea neonatal', 'agreed gene localization', 'prevention critical', 'analyze milk', 'fundamental development process', 'people adolescent particular', 'inflammatory process', 'respectively statistical', 'homozygotic genotype snp3', 'pi population dupi', 'different compare haplotype', 'underlie fat', 'dgat1 232ala', 'head width', 'genotype pedigree imputation', 'preventing mastitis', 'linked severe disease', 'putative qtl eca', 'finding benefit', 'allelic peeling', 'expression level correlated', 'pig ppara', 'btas 11', 'dscam ssc', 'pork conducted', '433c allele phenotypic', 'backfat weight bfw', 'pedigreed male', 'disequilibrium analysis indicated', '01 fine mapping', 'lld individual marker', 'survivor control genotyped', 'linkage minimum false', '01 consequently', 'showed deletion', 'snp10 xr_027435 snp12', 'significantly associated somatic', 'number single', 'gpat4 18', 'report literature', 'genotyped additional', 'pcr sscp pcr', 'sheep artificial selection', 'refined locus 100', 'second pc slope', '10 different region', 'identifying causal gene', 'assisted selection carcass', 'beadchip available', 'isoforms usage hypothesized', 'association myostatin variant', 'molecular mechanism simultaneously', 'underlie response invasion', 'complex bradyzoites immunoglobulin', 'selection criterion breeding', 'human cart', 'area lma', 'birth nm', 'different diagnostic test', 'likelihood analysis', 'decreased growth performance', 'determination udder', 'plag1 lyn', 'region ldla 13', '90 kg', '69 acted additively', 'cloning rt', 'cortisol production gene', 'qtl effect arrival', 'regulatory element promoter', '43 13', 'using 105', 'promoter strength', '2002c exon', 'breed european asian', 'mapped half', 'human domperidone', 'larger independent', 'fish 58', 'green yellow', 'c16 finally targeted', 'genome f2', 'quality control total', 'picture quantitative', 'region genetic', 'reported facilitate', 'position associated variant', 'reporter gene', 'weight partly overlap', 'phenotype chromosome association', 'determine new genomic', 'equcab2 marker', 'phenotypic variation somatic', 'intragenic haplo', 'exposure infective agent', 'endometrial gene expression', 'chi 28 18321523', 'ssc1 ssc2 ssc16', 'ssc8 small interval', 'lge22c19w28_e50c23 linkage group', '548 artificial insemination', 'qtl region pig', 'status indicating', 'regulating virus replication', 'present study fine', 'development new therapeutic', 'stepwise conditional analysis', 'region associated clearance', 'mapped numerous porcine', 'forecasting result', 'expression mature', 'gene ph postmortem', 'reporting literature liberal', 'phenotype segregating breed', 'type etec including', 'alzheimer different', '18 kgf', 'lipid trait contrast', '11 fold', 'acrs method novel', '483 cow', 'utero week', 'level determined', '3rd lactation', 'chromosome followed empirical', 'able identify number', 'loss reproductive efficiency', 'peptide derived', 'program mixed linear', 'qtl significant pleiotropic', 'significant result number', 'gene environmental', 'maximum likelihood procedure', 'animal functional mutation', 'parity anai4', 'tested difference', 'conserved functionally', 'study carried identify', 'black spotting', '258 ewe', 'involving 390 duroc', 'snp 442', 'generated order', 'strongly supported muc13', '43 unaffected', 'different score principal', 'snp suggests trait', 'chromosome 27 previously', 'population 2229', 'whirling disease phenotype', 'f1 f2 982', '617 animal distributed', 'suggesting breed analysis', 'chicken breed line', 'identified chromosome wide', 'eimeria cestode parasitism', 'bayes highlight', 'weighted single', 'gene play important', 'ssc8 54567459 ssc11', 'yellow colored', 'holstein nordic red', 'non risk mating', 'ssc9 fmo5 pig', 'factor grouped', 'different genotype significantly', 'snp meeting', 'study body weight', '30 ssc5 ssc6', 'significant association coincide', 'interval position', 'encoding 1839 amino', 'gene genotype', 'chicken 05 furthermore', 'chromosome controlling', 'imported western country', 'racing integrity', '2799g adrb3', 'weight body weight', 'interaction exist', '14 lastly', '119 mb', 'lie region', 'robust multiple', 'association eye', 'highly significant genome', '305 day', 'chicken arian', 'contributing season lambing', 'trait consideration total', 'similarly 10', 'change asp glu', 'support mcp signal', 'host tb phenotype', 'acid variant rdhe2', 'used study allele', 'white pig qtl', 'metabolism derived', 'wide 05', 'larger number animal', 'haplotype important', 'observed vrtn genotype', 'separate model', 'itih itih snp', 'qtl osteochondrosis', 'age class', 'total bone proportion', '298 gilt', 'difference expression level', 'environment random', 'similar subcutaneous fat', 'exceeded threshold chromosome', 'region characterized high', 'reproductive performance beef', 'new evidence', 'tibia fbmd', 'analysis study', 'cage layer accounted', 'hatch metatarsus', 'caseous caecal', 'shown associated', 'fatty acid similar', 'carcass unacceptably', 'animal point breed', 'globulin cbg proposed', 'p2 negatively', 'mechanism involving downregulation', 'concentration typically observed', 'swine qtl', 'trait identified likely', 'srb breed haplotype', 'trait protein', 'weight segregating', 'metabolism pathway affecting', 'study identified fine', 'blackface suffolk texel', 'tool identification putative', 'white outbred', 'play negative', 'statistic profile', 'sheep litter', 'rtmb ensbtag00000037306', 'suggest significant challenge', 'concluded cnvs', 'incidence boar', 'protein 15 bmp', 'list human und', 'polymorphism located position', 'suitable candidate genomic', 'background feed efficiency', 'identifying seven snp', 'gg genotype frequency', 'fat content composition', 'dj pd', 'used proposed candidate', 'strong association litter', 'advance genomics provide', 'l3 abomasal lymph', 'perspiration like urine', 'influencing resistance mdv', 'based available', 'locus trait association', 'eca3 requires validation', 'including metatarsus length', 'functional milk', 'variation growth rate', 'current work aimed', 'testing additive imprinting', 'fa composition detected', 'growing chinese', 'applied second scan', 'main regulator', 'carcass trait used', 'wasting vaccine prevent', 'chromosome 10 16', 'mstn gene mutation', 'quality attribute flavor', 'volume distribution width', 'snp module', 'data commercial norwegian', 'porcinesnp60 beadchip evaluated', 'cm confirmed slc9a3r1', '269 kg', '16 17 19', 'dgkz sod2', 'dlgap1 bind regulate', 'region remained', 'quality human', 'ssc7 01 ssc8', 'associated somatic', 'newly hatched chick', 'involved rao candidate', 'starting point identify', 'bf150 qtl', 'count mscc', 'decade genetic', '815 34 056', 'porcine skin thickness', 'help better understand', 'polymorphism associated meat', 'verification sequencing complete', '05 birth', 'testing conduct', 'control cow matched', 'type noninfectious', 'ssc16 carcass', 'secretion lh greater', 'sf3b1 associated lma', 'udder depth udder', 'moving average logp', 'important lp', 'translated region', 'sheep showing', 'gastrointestinal nematode main', 'lg variant', 'population long', 'trait litter size', 'architecture particularly', 'depth segregating', 'finding novel candidate', 'enzyme yolk', 'snp qc explained', 'snp maximally', 'important trait main', 'trout aquaculture affect', 'fec qtl', 'tcp11 spata31e1', 'chicken meat lightness', 'qtl concerned adult', 'vertnin genotype significantly', 'extreme approximate', 'effect identification', 'proportion casein total', 'complex index', 'model based regression', 'causing boar taint', 'steer total 24', '27 029', 'disequilibrium analysis previously', 'combination bioinformatics', 'marker genomic region', '16 01', 'used fine mapping', 'activating protein 24', 'white meishan breed', 'distal microsatellite', '86 f3 128', 'mortem ph24', 'important influence chicken', 'specific covariate trait', 'classified rflp restriction', 'estimate connective', 'stature sta milk', 'carrying copy tm', 'based test', 'indicate single intronic', 'accuracy addition', 'trait significant additionally', 'significance field linkage', 'ph phu', 'domain containing g4b', 'associated qtl cryptic', 'duroc meishan cross', 'comprised measurement live', 'chromosome 16 qtls', 'protein mttp', 'heat cycle seven', 'conclusion finding indicate', 'controlling eradicating', 'virulent wk', '57k snp', 'revealed gsk', 'birth sow', 'calving ease important', 'common disorder', 'animal high meat', 'dominant result', 'predictive genetic potential', 'value interestingly', 'combined 17', 'adgtest partly', 'included 510 f2', 'yield milk peak', 'lr iberian', 'pathological feature melim', 'development swine facial', 'gene collected ensembl', 'management raleigh', 'parturition comparative', '636a luciferase assay', 'pufa content 01', 'level dtd', 'mating holstein', 'mapping interval', 'inflation factor quantile', 'test 05 association', 'association general population', 'compared 23 explained', 'chi 16', 'mapped involved typing', 'region affecting', 'rfi snp', 'hu sheep body', 'nucleotide polymorphism intronic', 'signature selection overlapped', 'include interferon', 'trait pig breeding', 'coding functional snp', 'cohort trait', 'indole snp esr1', 'associated sexually dimorphic', 'c12 c14 group', 'site located', 'oar19 snp', 'host genetics', 'gr adrenal', 'protection development market', 'herd age', 'scan osteochondrosis oc', 'grammar gamma genomic', 'ltm respectively 54', 'mttp biology', 'sire chosen', 'multiple position model', 'controlling overall', 'based test aa', 'chromosome xinghua', 'selected reduced seasonality', '78 half', 'interaction snp hub', 'ham ham weight', 'using marker individual', 'muscling fatness chromosome', 'sequencing coding', '85 bull', 'insemination icf range', 'qtl mapped higher', 'fish population result', 'cattle interaction mt', 'decreased mln expression', 'snp useful', 'fy fat percentage', 'frequency used genome', 'database added information', 'maremmana breed data', 'age 01 result', 'myh3 rear', 'detected related candidate', 'gluc gga26 significant', 'liver gfra2 influence', 'bco2 aa genotype', 'sample resulted', 'significantly interacted sex', 'using 416', '05 shank', '62 genome wide', 'eqtl slc37a1 peak', '12q23 located', 'aim high density', 'categorized different', 'reported quantitative', 'fsil design seventy', 'bta10 mb', 'practice knowledge genetic', 'post weaning piglet', 'fatty acid binding', 'study convincing', '58 cm marker', 'applying univariate sire', 'individual descended', '14 16 18', '39 additive', 'f2 animal respectively', 'genotyping array snp', 'cm tgla303', 'castrated shortly birth', '140 day lamb', 'height newly', 'qtl detected economic', 'c16 content c18', 'eca7 genome', 'haemonchus contortus double', 'inferred genomic estimated', 'distributed marker', 'number causative', 'interleukin 1a', 'parent purebred', 'ph1 adjusted 0972', 'predominantly teladorsagia', '1689 precocious', 'learning ability memory', 'detected igf1', 'step grammar', 'individual bonferroni', 'lys232ala ghr', 'length sire', 'score adjusted', 'suggest skip', 'sc available', 'family breed', 'low input result', 'gga3 beard', 'detected family rear', '61 used', 'prediction primal', 'collected 620 fish', 'consistently revealed genome', 'level genetic covariance', 'variation affecting production', 'combined linkage linkage', '64a associated', 'apoh pedf', 'genotype effect rdhe2', 'haplotype total 25', 'total 76', 'haplotype segregate selected', 'muscle important', 'meat color trait', 'similar marker density', 'software respectively', 'lesion pleurisy new', 'mortality birth', 'ssc nonparametric', 'signal attributed', 'rrn3 asap1 identified', 'subfertility single nucleotide', 'bone strength endosteal', 'total 160', 'snp consequently', '2061t protein', 'change haematocrit following', 'cnv overlapping', 'approximately 17 day', 'genotyping larger', 'offspring evaluated 11', 'androstenone addition cyb5a', 'maternal offspring', 'analyzed avai', 'including 13', 'ho explained', 'individual 20', 'conducted 10', 'dosed sheep', 'composition growth feed', 'expression crucial', 'strongly affected lm', 'cheese ability', 'absence homozygous mutant', 'indicated distinct', 'greater luciferase', 'chr used', 'covering wide', 'content new', 'effect polymorphism identified', 'used alter fatty', 'polyunsaturated fatty', 'qtl map obtained', 'varied population', '90 cm 129', 'generation increased uterine', 'frame encoding 1839', 'production limited', 'underlie variation', '11 15 26', 'important genomic region', 'containing kndc1 tfn', 'treatment record', 'test regardless', 'parameter lightness', 'gain accuracy compared', 'locus bta5 bta6', 'snp chromosome 19', 'colubriformis animal resource', 'harboring relevant', 'analysis physical location', 'polymorphism intron', 'chicken performed genome', 'critical embryonic', 'role mitochondrial fusion', 'selected footrot phenotyped', '32 detected additive', 'codon aberrant transcript', 'comparative mapping revealed', 'productivity creole', 'conducted stage genome', 'record estimated', 'including candidate gene', 'fecx 28 85', 'candidate single nucleotide', 'perturbed mdv', 'myostatin gene contributes', 'lymphocyte ratio', 'matrix included', 'association known', '04 respectively genetic', 'different f1', 'experiment crossed population', 'include bta13 gnas', 'awassi ewe', 'ontology term revealed', 'associated bw 10', 'haplotype substitution', 'condition current study', 'dominance snp model', 'kyphosis vertebra count', 'trait snp gene', 'corrected principal', 'qtl ssc2q', 'variant chromosome', 'learning ability', 'lung 572 progeny', 'region 591', 'cm 80 cm', 'later generation haplotype', 'rear leg', '16 significant dominance', 'associated bw49', 'gwas analysis revealed', 'ovinesnp50 chip result', 'role determining resistance', 'corrected value 10e', '001 phenotypic variance', 'indicated rs14657336', 'steer snp e2', '68 f1', 'environment additional', 'qtl ssc15 strong', 'generation family', 'background toll', 'peak detected 84', 'outbred f2 analysis', 'rate 01 chromosome', 'meat quality mq', 'peck delivered', 'polymorphism snp ear', 'possible verify', 'sire tm', 'platelet volume 29', 'resulted special variant', 'genotype total 9919', 'line altering existing', 'successful qtl', 'sw316 s0003', '42 day age', 'stage disease model', 'pdgfra protein percentage', 'bta located 88', 'subclinical ketosis', 'generally significantly higher', 'multivariate analysis identified', 'survival reported phenotypic', 'potentially relevant', 'genome scanned', 'mutation paternally imprinted', 'reported connection bone', 'sw1608 qtls', 'showed quantitative trait', 'locomotion affected individual', 'cdh13 enrichment analysis', 'micrornas precursor micrornas', 'effect intramuscular', 'consisted na', 'scan qtl significant', 'account specific feature', 'growth cartilage develop', 'map phenotype important', 'qtl corpus', '498 bp', 'adipose tissue located', 'usually retain trait', 'composition distal arm', 'provided extensive evidence', 'total 512 f2', 'study investigate method', '05 15 235', 'prediction blup genome', 'qtl 001', 'single snp moderate', '0001 summary', 'independent dataset', 'infection pig', 'effect dressed carcass', 'polymorphic information content', 'gga4 associated early', 'allele specific binding', 'breed significant epistasis', 'qtl pedigree', 'fabp respectively intramuscular', 'epididymal weight', 'association polymorphism bmts', 'breed differential', 'selected genotyping additional', 'selection beef', 'jersey derived allele', 'line new hampshire', 'mapping report using', 'vrq vrq sheep', 'average spacing 15cm', 'gland tested variant', 'intergenic region bta3', 'promising influencing', 'tool result', '858 971', 'marker phenotype', 'differentiation mammary', 'affecting location', 'close kit pig', 'bms1724 bm7209', 'order facilitate breeding', 'ssc1 ssc4', 'animal research center', 'major haplotype minor', 'c14 indication', 'finnish ayrshire', 'total 459', 'total 137 marker', 'accuracy time', 'allele frequency pool', 'characterised progressive', 'allele selection 435', 'debvs trait', 'pedigree replicated', 'oar2 18', 'level continuous objective', 'genetic effect analyzed', 'hapflk approach fat', 'involving 183 microsatellite', 'previously detected chromosome', 'relationship detected multibreed', 'erhualian sow gene', 'metabolism insulin', 'gene ontology term', 'dilution mutation charolais', 'analysed positional candidate', 'dietary quality heavy', '81 cm', 'analyzed result', 'variance milk fever', 'number rn', 'variance genomic', 'mechanism heat', 'data multivariate', 'cow genotyped', 'growth il2', 'beta lactoglobulin milk', 'counting random', 'infection including anti', 'snp arranged distinct', 'suggests plumage coloration', 'effect fitted additive', 'economic impact marginal', 'mir 224', 'cause embryonic', 's2 65', 'milk whey', 'cnv expression variation', '14 16 chromosomal', 'gene influenced milk', 'stallion offspring', 'model testing additive', 'vary asian', 'ssc13 trait phenotypic', 'genotype substantial economic', 'protease senp5', 'imf single locus', 'relatively small number', 'originated red', 'independent design', 'effort identification underlying', 'causal polymorphism', 'sire gene', 'gg genotype rs13687126', 'conducted predicted', 'callipyge locus cm', 'breeder aim improve', 'significance identified chromosome', 'additive effect calf', 'failed identify', 'ssc16 hdl hdl', 'gwas analysis identified', 'trait mapped', 'process term', 'calving difficulty perinatal', 'virus objective', 'prrsv infection', 'method identified seven', 'quality trait experimental', 'affecting pheromone previously', 'bayescπ approach', 'proximity bonferroni correction', 'showed dominance', 'crucial role protection', 'a59v microsatellite', 'leisure competitive', 'unique significant snp', 'measured 1420 day', 'different specie genome', 'designate incidence', 'study significant association', 'heterozygote disadvantage', '109g bms833 middle', 'beef cattle determine', 'trait reported chromosome', 'analysis 500', 'shear force taste', 'gene completely linked', 'nematode infection moderately', '1730a e577d coding', 'progeny ovine', 'chosen genotyping half', '0058 detected', 'acc alanine gcc', 'set sub group', 'intake important', 'expected number', 'opn recognized', 'variation body size', 'cavity pericardium advance', 'possibly involved maintaining', 'detected testicular', 'cattle snp', 'analysis data came', 'shedding 75', 'knowledge location function', 'mechanism underlying biological', 'annexin a10', 'rs132865003 rs133498277', 'experiment extend', 'aa genotype yellower', 'divided f8 f10', 'activity compared allele', 'chromosome marker', 'litter size smaller', 'semen trait', 'window explaining largest', 'beadchip identify', 'bta 18 detected', 'pecker different', 'harbour potentially', 'significantly associated locus', 'day calving', 'ibp4 gene encodes', 'region studied ascertain', 'sire inheriting positive', 'association fatty', 'directly cooperation', 'influence ph24h', 'family german qtl', 'programme result', 'response prrs', 'inbred breed', 'program gene cloning', 'score measured', 'project implemented', 'chromosome 25', 'osteochondral lesion ryr', 'effect 435a 447', 'age constant', 'development tcap expression', 'different leg conformation', 'source observed contribute', 'group desaturation index', 'qtl upper', 'belly backcross lamb', 'retp respectively', 'analysis showed mutation', 'effect error', 'trait linked milk', 'rate responsible exceptional', 'leptin useful physiological', 'set qtl detected', 'antibody igg1', 'variation purpose study', 'large set locus', 'level allelic substitution', 'associated increased ratio', '36 respectively', 'selection specifically', 'milk lalba protein', 'longissimus dorsi 45', 'spondin inhibitor apoptosis', 't3 snp associated', 'genotyped larger population', 'analysis gene involved', 'utilization potential', 'incidence modern', 'boars association', 'chip gwa', 'cattle association analysis', 'commercial pure', 'approach identify qtl', 'crosses generated founder', 'acop rapidly reduces', 'revealed consistent', 'meat arises', 'trait 167', 'carried snp', 'affecting curve', 'step identifying', 'blood gas', 'key trait pig', 'located sal1 locus', 'mutation affect reproductive', 'chromosome 28 influence', 'genotype rs13997812', 'mapping precision improve', 'seven cluster identified', 'standard number', 'carcass presented', 'examined biomarkers disease', 'current sample', 'throughput snp', 'founder intercross high', 'elovl6 533c associated', 'significant marker dh', 'holstein result snp', '215 bp large', 'haplotype analysed effect', 'trait nelore breed', 'addition technical factor', 'individual genotype', 'using porcine', 'importance adipocytokine', 'le half', 'rfi haplotype', 'length variation', 'effect nested sire', 'born mule ewe', 'receptor substrate', 'chosen significant variation', 'adg 857', 'identify genetic factor', 'ghr gene causative', 'ovlv susceptibility objective', '20 purebred', 'polymorphism lda', 'pathway testing association', 'cyst heritability', 'test lrt', 'region chromosome associated', 'relative female sib', 'animal quality control', 'continuous phenotype deepen', '183 informative microsatellites', 'androgen fewer sertoli', 'snp rs41694646 associated', 'response detected trait', 'population 320 chinese', 'bb genotype', 'taste tenderness critical', 'snp insulin', 'serum igg', 'rate suggests', 'provide direct biological', 'trotter thoroughbred low', 'value identify possible', 'involved esc resistance', 'group gga1 12', 'haplotype percentage', 'pig chromosome ssc1', 'cell volume decline', 'sensory nutritional', 'level fecx', 'mc4r lep fabp', 'manner specific', 'substitution prkag3 unknown', 'c14 snp', 'evaluated yield force', 'frequency significant 01', 'cross 02', 'nutrient curd', 'pm multiple', 'weakness trait detected', 'collectively explained 14', 'chain na', 'choice snp significantly', 'ldla analysis result', 'humerus end fore', 'estimated 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'6200 animal', 'collected japan', 'teat nte result', 'vitro commercial', 'better bone genotype', 'previous study line', 'ifc abt', 'commonly identified', 'gene epigenetically', 'snp evaluated association', 'drip loss lyz', 'based phenotypic record', 'semi evisceration weight', 'including qtl paternal', '433 animal frequency', 'control model respectively', 'population gain 638', 'study naturally exposed', 'snp snp respectively', 'evolution wild', 'promising haplotype', 'proposed procedure', '17 20', 'linkage family', 'associated component', 'mapping locus', 'uncoupling protein ucp2', 'mhc pathway significantly', 'region marker inra40', 'curve approach approach', 'known atrogin subunit', 'ssa20 19nuig sire', '2p14 17', 'genetic effect sequencing', 'stage identified 15', 'height mctp1', 'detected snp located', 'trait concluded', 'breed dna sequence', 'work needed uncover', 'order evaluate number', 'associated host', 'quality snp used', 'change g150r', 'mucus biosynthesis association', 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transcript', 'diet increased', 'phenotype 720', 'gene addressed', 'sequencing 18', 'lean ebv', 'qtl moisture content', 'bta2 bta29 common', 'controlling sla allele', 'obtained previous qtl', 'pig pertaining', 'animal produced association', 'model bayes used', 'productive life bta2', 'total leucocyte', 'fasn hapmap26001 btc', 'level 53 snp', 'comparative mapping', 'exon boundary proximal', 'fatness related', 'control experimental population', 'significant snp asga0009814', 'association study displayed', 'enhance genetic', 'analyzed association 14', 'sanger sequencing', 'data using pc1', 'ileum ratio proventriculus', 'acid caproic', 'correction substructure', 'influenced underlying', 'qtl detected 19', 'fec packed cell', 'imf tested', '186 twinning 29', 'rate 24', 'snp ss61512613 ss61530518', 'rock background', 'kilogram lamb', 'threshold 47', 'genotype single qtl', 'fads2 polymorphism srebf1', 'nematodirus strongyles fec', 'main haplotype constructed', '225 marker', 'bta 11', 'holstein cow highly', 'infection growing pig', 'using 50k snp', 'snps 06', 'teat located close', 'mitosis apoptosis study', 'meat drip', 'piglet weaning ssc3', 'ifc changing abt', 'locus affecting breaking', 'fertility trait genome', 'related trait time', 'harbor promising candidate', 'systematic environmental', 'model spontaneous melanoma', 'trait benefit improve', 'trait specific depends', 'ultraviolet radiation acop', 'reported churra', 'pak1 aqp11 cooking', 'platform used tool', 'nz romney lamb', 't4 study gwas', '0001 carcass gizzard', 'growth rate result', 'rao candidate gene', 'population chinese western', 'width group', 'association analysis revealed', 'mln candidate lda', 'used genotype italian', 'sh pig', 'hypothesis confirm', 'holstein bull association', 'benefit marker assisted', 'model better', 'gain residual', 'bait chicken growth', 'vital role development', 'parent f0', 'lipid associated', 'prrsv determine', 'hap3 hap3', 'significant 12 week', '106779 strongly associated', 'breeding work', 'discovery rate values', 'productive enzootic area', 'block 20 mb', 'bta 15 located', 'study screened single', 'qtl aseasonal reproduction', 'influenza hpai outbreak', 'rl 0314', 'genotype select gt', 'analysis performed dtd', 'heterozygote advantage', 'season lastly', 'global food', 'teat count result', 'important epigenetic phenomenon', 'cm centimorgan ssc1', 'using additional molecular', 'sample unknown breed', 'genotype probability', 'concern hepatic', 'locus qtl thoracic', 'pig industry severe', 'related high density', 'gwas augmented values', 'role based finding', '21 24 26', 'release hormone associated', 'protein superior', 'trait bovine', '20 29 cofactor', 'qtl mapped line', 'reached maximum', 'surrounding mstn associated', 'fat trait clearest', 'putative impact milk', 'locomotors problem', 'respiratory health score', 'result single model', 'financial loss', 'selected fe', 'colour ssc5', 'lead identification additional', 'mapped locus cm', 'alga0092396 35', 'effect snp significant', 'analysis identified 222', 'decr1 core', 'milk performance 37', 'present significant', 'rs43101493 rs43101485', 'brown commercial', 'phenotype consisted', 'haplotype effect 62', 'ebv significant experimental', 'acting ci', 'junmu white swine', 'informative microsatellite marker', 'performance progeny', 'family parental pig', 'fmp ifr', 'fat content correlated', 'sw344 distance', '72 measurement musculus', 'data fertility treatment', 'wide level 01', 'natural selection previous', 'identify predictor carcass', 'microsatellite marker microsatellite', 'background teat', 'specific expression qtl', '600 ag', 'logarithmic bacterial count', 'genetic distance', 'host novel', 'gene search polymorphism', 'location bves ssc1', 'cfu intolerant 10', 'state resistance variation', 'green bluish', 'biological role', 'study internal', 'result showed p3', 'context study', 'lei0079 ros0025', 'region 38', 'genomic variability objective', 'snp 55g significantly', 'population bring', 'leukocyte cell derived', 'gene calpastatin', 'puberty earlier', 'mass spectrometry maldi', 'associated mt', 'select marker linkage', 'enabling comparison', 'verified 30 informative', '000 permutation performed', 'qtls fatness growth', 'pparγ nuclear hormone', 'identified approach identify', 'fayoumi used present', 'slaughter pig', 'thickness qtl influence', 'qinchuan cattle population', 'bft lumbar bft', 'allele commercial', 'showed strongly', 'snp map', 'population male', 'qtl peak included', 'validation marker', 'introgress leaner meishan', 'nematode predominantly teladorsagia', 'substitution effect 18', 'recombination breakpoints', 'epidemiologic study showed', 'dupi population', 'achieved linkage haplotype', 'clock inclusion snp', 'validated candidate nba', 'jersey respectively', '2196t genotype tt', 'shearing oar11', 'size ewe mrna', 'normal phenotype', 'region udder health', 'intracellular transport', 'candidate gene body', 'genomic position', 'scored extent', 'composite line', 'gene association result', 'growth factor igf1', 'fungal toxin', 'organic anion transporter', 'variable proposed model', 'horn characteristic', 'entrepelado iberian', 'population impute', 'gdf9 protein strong', 'diarrhoea significant proportion', 'accelerate reduction boar', 'position beta lactoglobulin', 'closely linked major', 'mechanism diarrhoea', 'resided known qtl', '143 horse arabian', 'decade numerous qtls', 'cross similar position', '94 purebred angus', 'genetic characteristic particular', 'egg weight exhibited', 'contribute breeding pig', 'percentage normal sperm', 'level modulators hpa', 'humeral breaking', 'led confirmation', 'cm ssc6 rn', 'observed bft', 'spp infect', 'yearling bw record', 'animal worldwide mapping', 'week developmental qtl', 'identified snp', 'trait improve', '2012 2013 perform', '22 phenotypic variance', '612 difference homozygote', 'beadchip linkage', 'body weight 140', 'cycurd curd solid', 'individual joint data', 'variable scenario regressed', 'snp fpd', 'ultrasound backfat ubf', 'qtl ssc14 140', 'loss lyz revealed', 'resistance identified haplotype', 'trait erhualian', 'effect appeared', 'born nba number', 'haplotype broiler trait', 'head condylus', 'technological quality pig', 'receptor agonist', 'challenge study revealed', 'genotyped 23', 'presence qtl ssc6', 'control linkage association', 'trait 924 landrace', 'determined bird', 'ssc12 confirmed', 'weight nelore cattle', '80 genome', '382 pig multimarker', 'specifically c14', 'type ram conclusion', '14 000 cells', 'jaw length', 'marker added increase', 'revealed frame exon', 'sire previously identified', 'analysis physical', 'population dupi population', 'effect given', 'study region', 'total 512 chicken', 'nucleotide polymorphism using', 'elovl7 fads2', 'ssc4 accuracy ebv', 'including genetic interaction', 'depends pathogen', 'scan conducted spanish', 'acted additively evidence', 'pietrain typical', 'differentially expressed acth', 'hpai complex polygenic', 'pig health purpose', 'corresponding quantitative trait', 'protease senp5 snp', 'lix1 lnpep', '20 22', 'explained qtl genome', 'upregulation nudt7 expression', 'level determined f2', 'window 50', 'feeding behavior', 'generate calf', 'locus fat deposition', 'qtl minor effect', 'peak negative logarithm', 'ltm respectively', 'birth 56', 'immotile short tail', 'demonstrated synthetic', 'chromosome associated color', 'proximal qtl', 'swine identify qtl', 'human aim', 'genomic element residing', 'difference understood', 'chicken strain 335', 'heterochromia iridis', 'gene play major', 'affected female noncortical', 'chromosome avfec', 'immunized classical', 'artificial insemination based', 'thickness ab bb', 'pig enabled', 'genetic diversity divergently', 'avium subspecies', 'bwg fcr calculated', 'c6 c14', 'marker used improving', 'feed requirement economically', 'expression mammary gland', 'gr hypothalamus', 'make identification', 'descent ibd mapping', 'growth composition resource', 'desirable dairy', 'notable region chromosome', 'united state 2015', 'line average higher', 'significant variant located', 'bone muscle', 'csn1s1 flanking', 'marker association pp', 'backfat thickness effect', 'world new solution', 'model selection', 'mb 150', 'significantly associated conductivity', 'association analysis combined', 'percentage significant', 'repeatedly identified pig', 'additionally beta', 'cattle offspring', 'breed achieve characterized', 'volume avpcv', 'novel snp located', 'orthologous hsa11', 'approximately 46 genome', 'feature mammary', 'alive litter bal', 'bta 20 reached', 'region explained', 'colubriformis determined', 'additionally identification', 'gene recommended', 'growth rate previously', 'chromosome fat', 'palmitoleic vaccenic', 'data deregressed', 'qtl behavioural', 'pig prolific', 'obesity insulin resistance', 'resequenced vrtn gene', 'significant association lfec', 'variance significant epistatic', 'locus locus qtl', 'distribution single', 'snp 38', 'taint fertility', 'nutrient human intramuscular', 'wrinkle appear', 'promoter angus', 'include 35', 'sheep ghr ghrhr', 'calving trait', 'highly significant qtls', 'serum essential', 'signaling pathway', 'susceptible fayoumi', 'female fertility metric', '470 significant single', 'snp w80x', 'subtypes complex trait', 'involving ssc2', 'body composition aim', 'factor influence', 'lot incorporating', 'based gwas report', '13 pufa significant', 'approximate daughter', 'ulceration cutaneous invasion', 'merit range performance', 'snp porcine mir', 'respectively chicken', 'showing drawback', 'dairy farmer', 'ripk2 mouse strain', 'problem increase risk', 'incidence offspring diagnosed', 'biological process form', 'type later parity', 'major determinant variation', 'charolais simmental exhibit', 'intermediate individual count', 'using svs penncnv', 'stage egg laying', 'allele systematically favourable', 'variant covariables association', 'new polymorphism association', 'weight weeks', 'breed bird', 'marker spacing 95', 'molecular predictor', 'recognized presence highly', 'tep g16 individual', 'heart disease stroke', '11 consistently', 'significantly associated genome', 'merit trait', 'detected causative', 'duroc boar', 'identified qtl segregated', 'trait necessary order', 'method finally 734', 'ph1 24', 'color heme', 'consisting german', 'importance gene', 'industry high morbidity', 'reflected reduced', 'significant marker located', 'site including 636a', 'including gwa', 'associated sensory', 'process metabolic pathway', 'mastitis infected', 'genotype covariates', 'development mammal', '12 respectively total', 'population 2354 german', 'effect arrival', 'mb associated ph', 'association 05 identified', 'mixed effect', 'ability recycle calving', 'panel genetic marker', '_copb1_90 cm', 'bull batch bull', 'dermal melanin id', 'eqtl expression', 'puberty yr age', 'trait establishes genetic', 'intercross association analysis', 'canonical conformation', 'btau7 snp', 'breeding value csn1s1', 'showed epistatic', '28 week maximum', 'approximately 16 month', 'significant association longitudinal', 'considerable attention', 'eca9 q12', 'background significant', 'phenotypic variation 52', 'retained analysis strict', 'revealed genotype', 'support possible role', 'trait sus', 'used interval mapping', 'weight taken average', 'assuming pleiotropic qtl', 'highlighted number', 'marker genetic association', 'rs135576599 rs13675432 significantly', 'muscle hypertrophy', 'uw daughter', '0257 addition using', 'addition qtl detected', 'basis poultry breeding', 'point different genetic', 'individual age egg', 't53729c a53861g a65188c', 'test applied determine', '26 22 respectively', 'significant marker based', 'study given', '10 27', 'locus qtl collectively', 'remains improved', 'prepubertal gilt', 'fi2 rfi2', 'confirmed additional outbred', 'constructed based snp', 'oiliness tnni2', '28 sharp', 'rear leg view', 'fecg flock', 'meat quality identified', 'holstein friesian', 'snp assay', 'component contained', 'korea born', 'pietrain allele', '134 bp ggaz', 'study assisted reproduction', '636a luciferase', 'meat quality driven', 'environmental component individual', 'gga6 respectively', 'identified allele mnb42', 'length association', 'test variation', '240 genome', 'snp calpastatin', 'assay revealed', 'distance cm', 'evaluated fertility', '16 06', 'reported updated effect', 'snp4 13297a snp5', 'selective breeding history', 'iga result', 'highly significantly associated', 'post partum interval', 'qtl identify polymorphism', 'bodyweight gain', 'including 832 f2', 'pig castrated piglet', 'pastoral farmer', 'improving lp considered', 'respectively chromosme', 'result corrected', 'showed animal allele', 'ovary comparative sequencing', 'lamb 879 sampled', 'skin wrinkle development', 'vs low pool', 'inflammatory bowel disease', '24 marker af', 'additive sex', 'foot breast muscle', 'close permuted', 'confirmed extended study', 'cattle suggested qtl', 'pcr performed obtain', 'undetected single design', '35 391 single', '03 mutation', 'revealed period birth', 'determine chromosomal', 'meat difficult costly', 'calculated 133', 'gene growth stress', 'trait genotype map', 'lactation sck1 second', 'cell pig 05', 'defence detected', 'large qtl', 'model snp using', 'hematopoiesis osteogenesis', 'ssc 13 15', 'higher degree', 'influence skeletal', 'includes frequent use', 'study method', 'obtain detailed milk', 'oncorhynchus mykiss linkage', 'marker 45 candidate', 'gene loc102164072', 'identify novel variant', 'important selection criterion', 'model association snp', 'sg fowl', 'synonymous snp gene', 'discussion analysis used', 'improve fit', 'sheep crossbred lamb', 'provide new evidence', 'congenic leghorn', 'specie genetic basis', 'divergently extreme shear', 'associated decrease elovl6', 'invaluable resource study', '25 mb bta20', 'multitrait analysis', 'demethylase 6b', 'superior prenatal', 'chromosome 24 viral', 'gene regulating body', 'sequence primary', 'explore potential', 'risk factor btb', 'dioxygenase bco2 play', 'ssc1 key', 'leg weakness partly', 'reported specie', 'nearby 100', 'gwas sire sex', 'sign study employ', 'fpcm 266', 'steer genotyped 35', 'influence production efficiency', 'colored shank skin', 'herd monitored', 'role bovine lda', 'week allele', 'lp lta na', 'frequency deleterious', 'typed 76', 'fold expression', 'association increased mean', 'qtl nte mainly', 'polymorphism csnps', 'genotyping 33', 'genome determine carcass', 'factor nr6a1', 'false positive lead', 'parasite relationship unique', 'trait comparison result', 'immunity significant qtl', 'mapping ovine', 'desaturation lipoprotein uptake', 'strong association 0058', 'gene 0006 summary', 'qtl based 29', 'snp chip 279', 'trypanotolerance limit', 'located porcine autosomal', 'case control overall', 'multiple tissue prior', 'rate 85', 'cbfa2t1 fgf8 play', 'locus regression method', 'threshold explained phenotypic', 'haplotype differing', 'tyr581ser milk', 'effect average bft', 'majority chicken', 'nt ntrk2 cdh8', 'arrdc3 stc2 genotype', 'family analysis significant', 'predictive model allowed', 'leg rear', 'radiographic data 144', 'window located', '426 221', 'dna rna', 'breed mutation gene', 'common noninfectious', '62 single', 'lm dimension', 'mellitus factor pathogenesis', 'longissimus thoracis muscle', 'oestrous sheep seasonal', 'implicated gene good', 'qtls study', 'using 46', 'genome relatively', 'especially swine', 'field test novel', 'plasminogen activator inhibitor', 'variation haplotypes presented', 'rflp snp', '61 565', 'cattle cross', 'located cm qtl', '74 f2 animal', 'mutation segregating breed', 'ranged 25', 'le predicted fat', 'regulating pathway', 'german holstein breeding', 'increased statistical', 'architecture hairy gene', 'variant independently', 'posterior teat', 'sixteen region identified', 'ear condition', 'i_ra fiber number', 'greatly contribute goal', 'linkage disequilibrium sc', '246 canadian holstein', 'litter size economically', 'haplotype block contains', '315 microsatellite marker', 'porcine chromosome position', 'snp statistical analysis', 'accuracy conclusion result', 'economically unsurprisingly domestication', 'chronic pleuropneumonia increased', 'revealed brahman influence', 'insulin secretion exoc4', 'composite subtraits', 'bb ac regulatory', 'haplotype determined based', 'inflammation making important', 'frequency determination', 'large holstein grandsire', 'high density snp', 'effect lack fit', 'later tissue', 'gene positional functional', 'effect bw49', 'breed data set', '60 calving', '28 protein content', 'breeding genetic improvement', 'used aseasonal reproduction', 'related fertility', 'sequenced way gene', 'seven genetic variant', 'circumference ssc17 conclusion', 'fn total', 'igf1 snp 47673g', 'distinct novel', 'published showed', 'pig white duroc', 'using lc', 'bta02 nrr90', 'number country', 'evaluate relationship', 'cross diallelic experiment', 'seven qtl fetlock', 'association proviral concentration', 'bovine tlr2', 'considering different', 'loss higher', 'sufficiently large data', 'chicken identification', 'seq analyzed total', 'great importance', 'bf 210 ssc6', 'tmem38a 047 dlgap1', 'fto polymorphism combination', 'cost effective mean', 'limousin backcross progeny', 'qtls trait qtls', 'including taurine polled', 'genotype challenged', 'mutation event chinese', 'using forward', 'conclusion akr1c', 'additionally indication qtl', 'non synonymous allele', 'population 09', 'new breeding candidate', 'time ejaculation', 'dpi susceptible', 'explained small', 'aujeszky disease virus', 'gene acvr2a', 'included centromeric', 'positive mapped qtl', 'significant physiological', 'significant mb chromosome', 'position pork color', 'population 53 association', 'culinary custom', 'analysed concentration', 'prediction accuracy genomic', 'evidence individual', 'using jaw resulting', 'mg meat', 'pig family qtl', 'bull investigated', 'pi marker', 'analysis significant suggestive', 'lameness dairy cattle', 'health disease', 'biological mechanism action', 'result pleiotropic effect', '1222 holstein cow', '11 data obtained', 'danish red dr', 'breed tested', 'kr9 12', 'kgf 60 6n', 'qtl evaluated', 'human health benefit', 'monitored year area', 'period heat', 'tgf gene explore', 'pertaining berkshire', 'importance chicken using', 'extends region', 'resequencing gdf9', 'showed significantly', 'expression ppard', 'trait traditional', 'scd gene provide', '21 mb', 'picture identifiable', 'age age', 'angus cow typed', 'additional quantitative', 'associated different location', 'bull time higher', 'microtia 20', 'perilipin gene plin1', 'generation interspecific hybrid', 'qtl proposed', '438 snp', 'tnf associated', 'gaussian model', 'sire canchim', 'indicus feedlot information', 'gave highly', 'cell subset', 'yearling bta', 'challenge mastitis', 'related attainment', 'milk jersey cow', 'significant qtl bos', '181 dinucleotide', 'carcass carcass shank', 'holstein cattle data', 'alive nba 370', 'located camkmt trhde', 'grazing endophyte infected', 'play essential', 'threonine protein kinase', '56 90 282', 'genomic effect', 'approach identified snp', 'mendelian model line', 'qtl influence', 'sowpro90 enriched', 'study shown', 'cattle production breeding', 'largely different previously', 'effect prop1 h173r', 'follicle development ovulation', 'introduction scd', '01 10 33', 'analysis lrp12 trib1', 'family model included', 'redness ssc13 84', 'post transcriptional level', 'case 629', 'near 17 gene', 'fat milk content', 'result suggest muscle', 'candidate gene original', 'revealed highly', 'genetic factor affecting', 'index ovulation', 'indicator sheep', 'insemination required conception', 'snp targeted', 'stress highly significant', 'using porcinesnp60k beadchip', 'cy rec', 'percentage bta26 mgmt', 'mapping vca body', 'involved feather', 'total 171', 'ilsts081 result', 'total 240 microsatellite', 'genotype capns locus', 'study exhibited', 'selection spawn weight', 'method employed', 'information lead better', 'snp nc_007324', 'novel qtl wing', 'bms833 qtl marker', 'showed relationship', 'panel 74677', 'spot brown eggshell', 'locus present', 'performed individual flock', 'respectively 9607480 bp', 'qtl segregation af', 'sheep breeding', 'time involve different', 'design animal', 'additional qtl sc', 'bbl report', 'effect reported different', 'breed pce associated', 'death result', 'scrofa build total', 'trait nineteen', 'ked count appeared', 'demonstrate variant scd', 'gaining attention', 'lepr snp located', 'variant significantly affect', 'phenotypic data analysis', 'including cow derived', 'test restraint', 'sw1495 skin percentage', 'considered carried', 'composite div2 swine', 'population selective dna', 'blup selection 16', 'effect consistent f2', '137 qtl detected', 'mirna function', 'glycerolipid metabolism', 'comprised pc3 trait', 'showing extreme incubation', 'objective measure meat', 'exon il 15', 'region search', 'locus sheep suggest', 'disequilibrium extended', '49 gga24 gga', 'predominantly mhc region', 'ch4 production', 'white small', 'host specie', 'approach selected', 'present linkage mapping', 'sire dna used', 'based simulation pedigree', 'feasibility efficacy', 'muscle yield diplotypes', 'snp qtl region', 'blood swine result', 'age specific observed', 'used different', 'gene responsive imi', 'wfe chromosome 13', 'deposition objective study', '371 genotyping', '43722547a il', 'frequency growth', '30 single', 'mchc mean', 'bone black', 'ssc6 revealed', 'lipid metabolism gene', 'causative snp obtained', 'grandparent f1', 'reference family', 'trait initially', 'ssc7 white', 'lactose percentage', 'showed increase live', 'possibility new', 'relationship ibp4 gene', 'rate qtl analysis', '15 significant 01', 'describes overall', 'gene identified positional', 'lifr ngef ewsr1', 'perirenal fat', '533c associated', 'help elucidate biology', 'divergently selected bone', 'combined genotype body', 'structure echs1', 'little known fundamental', 'underlying causative', 'response environmental exposure', 'ancestor bovine', 'consisting 301a 426t', 'discovery pig various', 'melanoblastoma bearing', 'narrowed fine mapping', 'expressed network', '88 mb qtl', 'large resource family', 'tract weight embryo', 'semen ph pig', 'susceptibility resistance', 'approach iii use', 'adjacent gene leucine', 'component measured', 'level glucocorticoid', 'rpl7 smc2', 'snp31 linkage', 'evidence direct', 'functional significance newly', 'survival time challenge', '25 suggestive', 'haplotype h3 associated', 'bovine johne disease', 'analysis anova trait', '14 population result', 'locus composition characteristic', 'annotation bovine acsl1', 'fertility cattle', 'replication dlgap1 bind', 'rf analysis importantly', 'identify significant snp', 'low phenotypic low', 'modeling genetic effect', 'red cattle deviant', 'holstein cow spread', 'qtl effect combination', 'region ssc5 21', 'observed independent finally', 'testing case', 'muscle density oar1', 'genetic variance considered', 'muscling hspa5', 'multiple chromosomal', 'indigenous chinese', 'marb high genetic', 'qtl genotypic effect', 'bw bone', 'estimated heritability snp', 'rdw respectively', 'qtl fixed effect', 'combining expression analysis', 'pair located chromosome', 'locus associated hcr1', 'snp fdr', 'microsatellites linkage analysis', 'white spotting', 'acid balance mammal', 'peptidase inhibitor clade', 'indels short bp', 'pig significantly higher', 'variance explained single', 'energy recovery', 'pregnancy determined', 'university resource', 'performance influencing', 'method present', 'porcine hd', 'growth curve genetic', 'region nucleotide', 'major gene high', 'weight month weight', 'enriched gene', '59 04 tibia', '2000 iteration position', 'beef contributing', 'sperm 105 holstein', '245 bird', 'haplotype sire', 'day npd', 'region identified contained', '80 identified', 'deposition residual feed', 'used snp', '55 cm 28', 'bft cwt compared', 'npl analysis', 'number oestrous cycle', 'procedure characterized sequenced', 'beefbooster m1', '18 lost', 'ile199val i199v', 'reproduction research focused', 'rs419096188 rs424642424', 'according line', 'addition cyb5a gene', 'culture erhualian', 'influence growth pair', 'exposed daily', 'sscp association', 'selected promising autosomal', 'trait 19 fat', 'program estimate snp', 'variable scenario', 'taurus autosome increasing', 'particular breed important', 'fasting 05 returned', '69 cm family', 'phenotyped backfat loin', 'spectrum approach', 'phenotype including bone', 'significant effect mrna', 'previously performed', 'estimate proviral concentration', 'screen candidate', 'corte genotyped', 'cpm gene flanking', 'prioritize selected snp', 'activity function underpin', 'size multiple european', '02 kg', 'clarification genetic base', 'functionality protein', 'sib family previous', 'individually attain', 'chromosome eth10 included', 'bb aa uac', 'region major milk', 'genetics gene network', 'behavior parturition', 'individual guideline deduced', 'colour dilution phenotype', 'animal generated', 'better sensory quality', '41 snp identified', 'cycle lipid metabolism', 'calculated using permutation', '1855 pig sired', 'regulates scd', 'offspring s1', 'fertility record', 'candidate locus factor', 'responsible variation meat', 'product consumer', 'sequence similarity', '2354 german holstein', 'snp 888g 910a', 'parameter estimated single', 'component protein', 'importance controlling growth', 'animal set proviral', 'ebv pat', '132 indicating', 'study discover', 'starting point research', 'abomasum lda german', 'identified analysis', 'flavour chicken egg', '28 significant snp', 'conducted using simple', 'conformation trait regression', 'university illinois uoi', 'qtl size observed', 'regulation lifetime reproductive', 'identified significant ch4', 'select specific', 'mastitis spink5 slc26a2', 'weight lgw spleen', 'protein conformation', '25858322c snp result', 'gene involved physiology', 'located highly', 'protein content chromosome', 'chromosome concordant', 'genotypic allelic', 'associated subscapular', 'data 21 microsatellites', 'encode lysine position', 'chromosomal region present', 'effect afe phenotypic', 'bivariate gwas explained', 'real genetic effect', 'identified 17 16', 'number locus analyzing', '24h post mortem', 'suggests distinct', 'homozygous genotype 62', 'window primarily', 'sire family segregated', 'problem world', 'gene existence complete', 'provided wealth knowledge', '421 hen derived', 'trait multiple cattle', 'trait size effect', 'attention mammalian', 'affecting trait us_m', 'distal gga5', 'precocious non', 'reducing saturated fat', 'perinatal mortality', 'abnormal spermatozoon', 'novel population specific', 'fowl typhoid 2007', 'trait locus fertility', 'individual good', 'leaving seven', 'elderly people', 'genotype 01 locus', 'showing allelic imbalance', 'approach used gwas', 'line male', 'prkcq conclusion', '42 58', 'mas1 protein coupled', 'higher milk production', 'multifunctional enzyme', 'susceptibility milk', 'microarray measurement', 'weight commercial population', 'potential impact selective', 'quality pedigree', 'homologous region human', 'applying qtl model', 'production worldwide selective', 'cw detected chromosome', 'holstein breeding', 'local breed wild', '2836 included fixed', 'contains polymorphism promoter', 'lolium arundinaceum', 'quality palatability', 'panel 15 breed', 'conformation score', '78 half sib', 'strong genetic marker', 'association fi', '39 polymorphism novel', '60k bead', 'unequivocal conclusion', 'animal lower value', 'pathway involving', '180 danish jersey', 'cycle provide', 'effect resides', 'haplotype fatty', 'brown fat selective', 'potential function milk', 'age constant endpoint', 'ar gene', 'gcnf contained amino', 'combining valuable', 'important coding region', 'observed new', '234 bc1 f2', 'cckbr gene', 'litter 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'11 contains region', 'variation population tested', 'genome annotation knowledge', 'build 10 assembly', 'pathway involved study', 'diversity snp locus', 'position different visceral', 'genetic variance chromosome', 'marker surrounding', 'example include myo19', 'trajectory time using', 'study comprehensive genome', 'snp analysis studied', 'trait important improving', 'using moderate', 'investigation reported', '53 known', 'variation japanese', 'large holstein', 'detected new experimental', 'observed backfat animal', 'analysis moderate high', 'loss swine industry', 'substantially increased statistical', 'assumption single locus', 'crucial pregnancy', 'analysis historical', 'weight calving', 'man1c1 map3k5 hcn1', 'nuclear factor 4α', 'loc614744 04 significant', 'approach fat tailed', 'snp trait snp', 'qtl teat number', 'shank length using', 'segregate individual line', 'biological process late', '255 brahman', 'second analysis progeny', 'dissect genome pig', 'srb finnish ayrshire', 'analyzed 32 body', 'fmo3 known associated', '23 24', 'increased increasing', 'different trait 16', 'mb syntenic', 'rate previously bta5', 'parameter weekly', 'ease parity allele', 'used impute snp', 'fatness phenotype largely', 'generation resource population', 'known linkage', 'ii major', '25 cm prnp', 'charollais 851 suffolk', 'genetic analysis ketosis', 'simple 305', 'population 123 holstein', '02 03', 'myog breed', 'related reproduction trait', 'coincided shank length', 'pathway significantly', 'nup88 adck4 plod1', 'protein casein lactose', 'qtl 24', 'predisposing gene', 'white pietrain', 'inferred illumina high', 'derived swiss', 'germany breed', 'msh homeobox', 'candidate gene crebbp', 'level region', 'differing level significance', 'rfi measured', 'mbps located qtl', 'concordant qtl', '90 kg day', 'respectively square analysis', 'similarly gastric', 'calving event descendant', 'contrast average estimate', 'value genotype cc', 'evaluate lp influenced', 'affect egg weight', 'dam family nested', 'polymorphism 32386957a clearly', '53 82 td', 'wld susceptibility indicate', 'total 51 significant', 'polymorphic microsatellites genome', 'novel qtl ssc16', 'qtl body', 'experimental intercrosses iberian', 'including hormone', 'unravel harmful', 'snp chromosome chr', 'disease symptom', 'ca influenced', 'protein enlarged 16', 'pig population intensively', 'purpose study investigate', 'intronic sequence', 'role regulation lipolysis', 'weight landrace', 'substantial financial loss', 'major determinant palatability', 'hanoverian warmblood norwegian', 'coat color present', 'breeding value based', 'difficult task multiple', 'milk protein polymorphism', 'physical chemical', 'large effect androstenone', 'homozygous igf2 using', 'controlling body', 'h1h3 aggg haplotype', 'covering genome identify', 'design gene', 'meat tenderness blonde', 'chromosome 28', 'pcr rflp snp', 'ryr3 bnip3', 'network relevant liability', 'flock sheep genomics', 'response result', 'recently located', 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'genetic marker covering', 'breed shank typically', 'luxi qinchuan hardy', 'snp insertions', 'fertility immunization', 'chicken eliminate', 'linkage analysis result', 'effect bw', 'simultaneously random effect', 'evidence qtl region', 'commercial laying bird', 'recessive model report', 'gene 800 italian', 'backfat 25 cm', 'affect ovulation rate', 'elevated drip loss', 'study promotes', 'highly pathogenic haemonchus', 'fst analysis', '972 50 483', 'filly chromosome wide', 'chip panel', 'shear force sf', 'potential growth', '729 association', 'study report strong', 'insight cheesemaking process', 'weight lbw', '54k bovine snp', 'ssc2 significant', 'result obtained different', 'based 50k', 'growth reduce fat', 'horse potentially confounding', 'explaining previously reported', 'trait selection performance', 'subfertile bull', 'scanning muscle fibre', 'buffalo novel snp', 'constructed chicken', 'fluid abdominal cavity', 'using 25880 gene', 'uac calpain mac', 'western australia temperament', 'interrogate linkage disequilibrium', 'cm ryr1', 'extreme sire high', '43 asiatic origin', 'milk yield daily', 'association intronic', 'selected analyzed association', 'ci trans', 'approach used linear', 'study able', 'gwas included', 'marker outbred', 'ff test measured', 'imf large white', '28 mb', 'day ew300 number', 'analysis snp qc', 'immersion challenge recorded', 'data set', 'hematological immune', 'used calculate additive', 'mummified pig mum', 'ph 15', 'pony study', 'important production trait', 'promoter 1043a', 'role patterning', 'unfavourably genetically correlated', 'region regulating', 'updated effect', 'node recovered 14days', 'e46 egg', 'production low', 'c8 c10', 'calving ease quantitative', 'relevant candidate identified', 'suggest mir', 'demanded androstenone causative', 'study convincing evidence', 'used analysis deregressed', 'cast 373 627', 'bacterial load weight', 'ew separate', 'snp revealed associated', 'cm _copb1_90', 'result joint', 'rfi feed', 'search qtl related', 'trait order identify', 'ww lyw', 'analysis conclusion', 'swine major determining', 'detected qrt', 'locus oar9_91647990 absence', 'summer milk fatty', 'superior female', '50 array', 'thickness aft', 'basis trait estimated', 'fertility linkage', 'snp fat bta14', 'variation clinical chemical', 'birth 12 15', 'ovary located gene', 'production horned animal', 'higher toughness increased', 'qtl hide', 'trait including associated', 'central region gga5', 'similar analysis', 'associated fcr broiler', 'control aggression', 'conclusive evidence existence', 'consistent positive', 'cow cy provide', 'qtl paternal', 'breed observation body', 'involved complex trait', 'architecture dcd', 'significant values avfec', 'calpastatin bind directly', 'gene qinchuan', 'nudt7 gene', 'challenging requires knowledge', 'occur small number', 'related phenotype genotyped', 'sample breed significant', 'tissue probably depend', 'tlr genotype', 'syndrome md leukemogenesis', 'coa hydratase hydroxyacyl', 'measured second population', 'cnvrs associated', 'ssc duroc', 'lphn2 eltd1', 'contributes directly', 'sequence intragenic', 'weight trait pig', 'size localized linkage', 'gene perform calpain', 'gm muscle', 'qtl growth parameter', 'sum monounsaturated', 'majority study', 'contribute better understanding', 'varied breed group', 'global score', 'member akrs', 'growth 12', 'igf2 snp strongly', 'role birth', 'hw lung weight', 'rs42670353 significantly associated', 'value examined normality', '05 conclusion result', 'mitochondrial mrna study', 'seq library hypothalamus', 'gwas second performed', 'portion bovine chromosome', 'slope range 16', 'crossbred animal produced', 'age knowledge effective', 'cattle seven bovine', 'region markedly', 'ssc7 ssc12 significant', 'cut value used', 'muscle mass igf2', 'gallus gga autosome', 'detected adipocyte', '858 971 896', 'contrast 259 segregating', 'trait duroc pig', '15 snp associated', '10 generation', 'furthermore gpihbp1 snp', '25 27 29', 'level 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'05 equine chromosome', 'background disorder', 'chromosome oar19q24dist', 'cow positive', 'health addition genetic', 'i199v locus associated', 'consistent mammal known', 'trait association significant', 'located downstream transcription', 'using pooled', 'type ewe analysis', 'evenly spaced', 'c14 content intermuscular', 'association runx2', 'pcr association analysis', 'effective reduction tainted', 'similarly result presented', 'globulin glo recorded', 'examined segregation 10', 'gene crucial effect', 'selection pig', '305 291 polymorphism', 'analysed selective sweep', 'reciprocal backcrosses born', 'functional domain prl', 'poultry breeding work', 'effect employed', 'occidental population', 'egg production developed', 'ii e1 cyp2e1', 'different cy', 'known porcine ldha', 'na create crucial', 'including thoroughbred', 'mapped porcine fatty', 'mutation female fertility', 'distinct indigenous', 'potentially influenced selection', 'ubiquitin protein', 'qtl pleiotropic', 'using genotype 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'common haplotype commercial', 'gene linked social', 'heart weight final', 'mapped f2', 'susceptibility modified horn', 'fst measured', 'pietrain sinclair', '692 bull', 'explaining variation', 'highlight effect divergent', 'level epr qtl', 'breast muscle yield', '417 son', 'complementary control strategy', 'contribute understanding significant', 'processing tm', 'potential relationship studied', 'test advanced', '4321a 4850a', '340 bull estimated', 'equine orthopedics severity', 'selected related', 'effect qtl located', 'embryonic factor', 'qtl effect estimate', 'make identification mutation', 'basis revealed positional', 'heifer conception', 'shadow correction analysis', 'step better understanding', 'used locate quantitative', '2449c 6723a', 'gene spi2 serpina1', '15 chromosome porcine', 'fertility essential increasing', 'largest prediction', 'obtained ssc12', 'nce4 nce7 001', 'qtl affect fertility', 'spatial temporal', 'season 001', 'retain high', 'salmonella resistance identified', 'dpi ndv', 'phenotypic md', 'pig ancestry', 'short tail sperm', 'danish jersey dj', 'right rtn maximum', '12 candidate', 'analysis revealed powerful', 'resulting altered', 'estimated report', 'black limousin', 'carcass trait investigated', 'level commercial sire', 'plausible candidate gene', 'pig rich', 'hoxc8 qtl chromosome', 'boar phenotype different', 'different chromosome different', 'frequency allele maternal', 'change wide range', 'snp explaining 30', 'expressed quantitative trait', 'pedigree analysis', 'highest average', 'tested italian large', 'bw13 respectively window', 'process cft', 'e577d coding variant', 'resistance advantageous', 'cattle moderately heritable', 'role played', 'using asreml', 'population effect haplotype', 'yield trait fleckvieh', 'nucb2 expressed fat', 'value ebv', 'explaining highest additive', 'egg production flock', 'analyzed f2', 'genetics birth trait', 'pcvd used', 'used create panel', 'compared genotype', 'minolta respectively', 'revealed 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'stillbirth maternal calf', 'based binomial theory', 'breed analysis date', 'chromosome contains', 'qtl ti', 'addition refined prediction', 'behavior lower', 'gemma method gwas', 'covariate animal', 'inbred line white', 'demonstrate ph', 'efficient calving performance', 'infected non infected', 'difference heterozygote', 'typhoid 2007', 'purebred crossbred', 'additional drop', 'w80x seven cattle', 'exploit linkage', 'gene present study', 'complex economically', 'cnv identified', 'enhance marker', '43 423 chromosome', 'aa differed ab', 'cas9 crossbreeding', 'moderate high estimate', 'trait showed different', '05 detected associated', 'involved signal transduction', 'plus suggestive qtls', 'taken postulated increased', 'f2 population seven', '30 romane sheep', 'tested departure hardy', 'genomics approach line', 'region included cluster', 'synonymous snvs', 'dienoyl coa reductase', 'le significant', 'qtl evaluated range', 'used confirm 13', 'gene bta17', 'yield trait detected', 'pig multimarker', 'heritabilities gwas', 'considered contrast calculation', 'method porcine f2', 'population thirty', 'positional concordance association', 'plus dominance deviation', 'prioritization common', 'production trait stature', 'h3h7 greatest pew', 'maternal meiosis separately', 'easier selection positional', 'polymorphism putative', 'progeny produced', 'snp piii genbank', 'f41 adhesion phenotype', 'surrounding eye', 'earlier reported qtl', 'generation linkage disequilibrium', 'membrane calcium', 'performed using constrained', 'bayes option', 'trait tendency significant', 'region moderate', 'add number', 'component body', 'nil commercial', 'year using', 'colour based genomic', 'conception snp', 'swiss population including', '10 naturally scrapie', 'native cattle hanwoo', 'carcass growth', 'qtl collectively', 'domain prl', 'variant independently affect', 'animal aa genotype', 'meat percentage individual', 'performed qtl', '355 snp rate', 'bta 14 age', 'intronic snp aj885515', 'using 251', 'wide linkage qtl', 'month post', 'experiment conducted determine', 'cattle combined', 'cie ssc6 15', '25 4mb bta14', 'gwas 10', 'regulated tata independent', 'response heat stress', 'deviation egg weight', 'acop area', 'temperament collected', 'association 012 genome', 'modified animal gene', 'emission cattle considerable', 'higher milk', '210 240', 'control density contour', 'cross significant', 'developed breed', 'oiliness umami', 'aggressive behaviour trait', 'increase power gwas', 'level slope protein', 'moderate diversity 25', 'expression maml3 setd7', 'control lameness record', 'meta analyses larger', 'critical region harbour', 'paper polymorphism', 'beef breed 243', 'test association haplotype', 'molecular mechanism hematological', 'rs41694646 located', 'association test measured', 'allele genotype association', 'significant mean', 'smaller qtl interval', 'measured 333', 'showed fabp4 tightly', 'test whittemore halpern', 'candidate causal variation', 'kph hot 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density', '626t snp associated', '103 significant', 'abcg2 spp1', 'binding region', '34 52 07', 'lean line saturated', 'cattle tick count', 'acaca solute', 'investigated skatole androstenone', 'extensive research', 'genotyped 416', 'lipid accretion 120', 'synthesized fa', '0001 observed qtl', 'candidate mutation determine', 'region obtained ph', 'associated tolerance johne', 'chromosome threshold level', 'population associated bw', 'effect tm', 'nba gene interestingly', '246 canadian', 'ribeye muscle', 'effect influence detection', 'flock challenged separate', 'large proportion snp', 'investigated gene located', 'microarray gene', 'analysis revealed mlnr', 'effort understand', 'lmh lean', 'mutation qtl 93', 'glmm regression chunk', 'data porcine bac', 'account ld exists', 'type prrsv', 'prediction blup ridge', 'gene pgf', 'gga4 genome wide', 'variation observed milk', 'oc fetlock ocd', '250 f2', 'weight affected', 'genotype year', '169 c57r', '30 semen', '694 966', 'sheep wool', 'inheritance frequency', 'cab39l gene considered', 'region m3', 'gene underlying locus', 'sheep aim', '13 18 genome', 'sd significantly', 'fat trait gamete', 'model respectively', 'structural integrity', 'qtl affecting relative', 'inner outer subcutaneous', 'involved major immune', '20 strongest evidence', 'snp causal polymorphism', 'available offspring', 'non pregnant', 'identified serum lipid', 'enssscg00000022338 ssc dscam', 'female parental strain', 'scan total', '342 lamb', 'association lfec significant', 'companion animal specie', 'feather growth largely', 'model spontaneous', 'born parity differed', '14 previously identified', 'cm1 cm2 approximately', 'line average', 'danish dairy cattle', 'prolificacy contrast', 'class disease', 'fat yield breed', 'dj heritability', 'different potential genomic', 'farrowing population', 'bta20 overlap sck1', 'marbling defined', 'microsatellites detected significant', 'novel marker including', 'provide important genetic', 'refined region associated', 'revealed common involvement', 'prosaposin psap selected', 'possible candidate major', 'method total 435', 'rft marbling score', 'mapped site', 'suited development genetic', 'regard birth', 'approach haplotype', 'allele using marker', 'infected scrapie', 'significant contrast', 'ad ac ae', 'bft total particularly', 'replicates extreme group', 'chromosome close osteopontin', '01 significance level', 'pig melim', 'imf longissmus thoracis', 'male offspring', 'feed efficient pig', 'pcr kasp genotyping', 'candidate cnvs', 'indicated pleiotropic', 'dry matter', 'lmm bvs', '426t 1226t', 'experimentally infected population', 'influence lactation period', 'locus chromosome 15', 'production nordic', 'sire dam', 'limb bone fbmd', 'protein percentage cow', 'explained large', 'higher raspf7', 'gene finding', 'based marker assisted', 'position qtl shape', 'meat intact uncastrated', 'insemination horse availability', 'cause significant', 'program beef', 'furthermore pathway analysis', 'line number teat', 'origin 107', 'population 695 individual', 'mhc allele', 'suggesting trait regulated', '10 12 15', 'susceptibility ketosis clinical', 'affecting breast muscle', 'finnsheep known high', 'serpina6 gene encoding', '10 additionally', 'difference line mapped', '14 74', 'locus c3c serum', 'mycotoxicosis sheep', 'development behaviour phenotype', 'aa pig', 'sd controlled', 'composition result gwas', 'developmental stage', 'chromosome targeted snp', 'encoded distinct', 'demonstrated proposed method', 'association smaller', 'ssc6 ssc7', 'member nudix', 'transcript bovine', 'activity number volume', 'cdna zfat pig', '30 compared', 'underwent field', 'challenged ndv', 'association melanoma', 'productivity indigenous chicken', 'half sib design', 'regression method used', 'suffolk 998', 'interval microsatellites bm1227', 'nucleotide position 461', 'acid change asp', 'trait false', '75 cfu intolerant', 'snp rs319678464g', 'trait expression nucb2', 'reported association sperm', 'mapping qtl cluster', 'likely closely linked', 'charolais holstein f2', 'nucleotide substitution', 'muscle component captured', '44 significant association', 'pufa longissimus', 'panel total', 'emmax htr', 'bco2 w80x', 'cow highly significant', 'different effect distinct', 'marker small region', 'containing qtl bone', 'function previously', 'small non', 'snp upstream lcorl', 'growth rate difference', 'validation previous', 'distance kb', '85 149', 'af549499 502 allele', 'function efficient promoter', 'selected ancient sacrificial', 'trappc9 flanking', '278 fish 58', 'analyzed chromosomal', 'cm bta6 sire', 'ewe lamb season', 'genome used', 'genotyping objective', '392g associated sc', 'acid degradation phospholipid', 'wide significant qtls', 'sd ph', 'dissect af', 'hemoglobin mch', '23 25 fatty', 'allele exists', 'asp298asn primarily', 'bone growth mineralization', 'gene considered good', 'pseudo phenotypes', 'pig industry ham', 'trait chicken', 'factor cardiovascular disease', 'snp60 chip', 'candidate locus eca3', 'frequency 03 08', 'data holstein', 'family size varied', 'incorporated genotype', 'reported nucleotide', 'qtl designed', 'rate service 16', 'seven different region', 'correction phenotypic', 'linked antagonistic', '25316t skewed', 'cattle population excluded', '129 70', 'important domain protein', 'disorder identify', '94 zn', 'binding site concordantly', 'individual derived', 'population negative correlation', 'sharing higher degree', 'consistent negative linkage', 'tnf gene 74', 'meat production previously', 'femur white', 'efficient calving', 'thickness measurement novel', 'dna pool include', 'gene fat1 locus', 'different linkage disequilibrium', 'locus porcine', 'salmonella poultry', 'addition identifying new', 'bmp15 mutation', 'offspring genotyping offspring', 'region conducted', 'qtl marbling detected', 'polymorphism association sensory', 'snp associated mrna', 'cp crude fat', 'csn3 association', 'muscle non', 'validation aim study', 'multipoint 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'24 chromosome', 'disease asthma human', 'farmer government', 'factor central zinc', 'identified likely closely', 'use meishan chromosome', 'conformation key trait', 'dnajc15 dhrs12 mlnr', '142 included significant', 'generation animal significant', 'snp 137 178', 'genetic test production', 'bcse locus', 'density refine previously', 'feather live', 'lw h2 34', '512 chicken originating', 'likely causal mutation', 'insulin secretion significantly', 'nematode result ram', '61 reason ham', 'transcript variant 2398', 'reveal important interacting', 'breed appearance genotype', 'adg data', 'complex region chromosome', 'finding polymorphism 15', 'accuracy rib counting', 'receptor ahr gene', 'bf 30', 'maternal behavior parturition', 'rho gtpase', 'af bm', 'lameness global sheep', 'performed oar2', 'suffolk sheep immunostaining', 'tt snp3', 'level backfat showed', 'locus exception marker', 'wide level detected', 'p2ry5 fndc3a', 'ph sm', 'fbxo32 deposited', 'fleece weightand staple', 'danish pig production', 'contained 52 individual', 'layer segregating line', 'major effect milk', '01 backfat', 'number additional qtl', '01 yw', 'predictive ability', 'exhibit exceptionally large', 'deleterious factor stallion', 'marker employed identify', 'sscx number type', 'breed reared tropical', 'network pathway analysis', 'wide test', 'age 198 day', 'bone integrity', '150 180 210', '928g indel', 'carrier male 61', 'cm qtl affecting', 'false negative association', 'involvement development mammary', 'btb data comprised', 'included gene gene', 'locus mediating', 'mcv red', 'contains polymorphism', 'total 524 progeny', 'using range', 'marbling considered', 'combining social', 'eighty dairy sarda', 'reference population run6', 'selected informativeness grandsires', 'conferring adequate', 'component qtl', 'high short distance', '67 genome', 'length ratio percentage', 'regarding effect', 'traditional culinary', '001 averaging compared', 'affecting 01', 'iberian landrace ib', 'em loin', 'analysis indicated gene', 'effect identified furthermore', 'f2 sutai population', 'prospect refining estimate', 'harbor genetic', 'size reduction', '120 md 967', '12 gilt showed', 'associated higher adfi', 'induced significantly', 'data individual', 'genetic pool italian', 'peak position sus', 'suggestive linkage gga2', 'conclusion total finding', 'teat absence presence', 'gene ubiquitously', 'marker kd103 oarvh34', 'record 1026', 'associated entropion', '377 performed', 'chicken 252 white', 'associated calving performance', 'lm qtl genetic', 'select snp', 'white red', 'numerous locus study', 'estimation behavioral trait', 'new alternative', 'gene independent', 'powerful using', 'solar ultraviolet radiation', 'associated occurrence osteochondrotic', 'high 18 55', 'association similar scale', 'c231t c34t gdf9', 'landrace pig using', 'search literature', 'breeding line', 'red junglefowl domestic', 'week carcass weight', 'separately f2 male', 'ssc qtl reported', 'genotyped 166 marker', 'ensembl gene 83', 'fine mapping target', 'linked milk production', 'revealed suggestive qtl', 'data 255 brahman', 'simultaneous dimensional', 'animal different genetic', 'breed different meat', 'color egg production', 'conducted applicability genomic', '360 animal', 'set created according', 'significantly associated bursa', 'cradd suppressor cytokine', 'qtl shed', '07 205', 'power breed multibreed', 'studied conclusion supported', 'interesting non random', 'keel radiographic density', 'important regulation bovine', 'polymorphism missense', 'related generation', 'shape growth fatness', 'significantly improving', '47 dam backcross', 'antibody generated ripk2', 'insulin induced phosphatidylinositol', 'causal gene involved', 'identity bovine primate', 'explained 21', 'glycogen meat respectively', '164a 928g indel', 'weinberg equilibrium genomic', 'number identified', 'mass single locus', 'snp rs41919999 rs132865003', 'lactation average somatic', 'performed genome scan', '217 single', 'thickness enrich', 'broiler initiated body', 'ranged 51 35', 'skatole associated snp', 'critical role formation', 'grin1 gabrb2 gabrb3', 'examined 93', 'adjustment false', 'known milk', 'olig2 sod1', 'similar sample', 'salmonella infection', 'qtl large white', 'allele associated longer', 'trait locus carcass', 'livestock identifying', 'tgfbr1 gene polymorphism', 'excluded involvement analysed', 'performance farm', '44 fe', 'chromosome 27 single', 'g38819398a snp', 'trait significant different', 'new mainly backfat', 'confirmed selected', 'present study neaurp', 'site pcr acrs', 'extended f2 population', 'affect mastitis', 'genomic variant', 'polymorphism snp chip', 'teat important', 'genomic program', 'distinguish favorable', 'candidate gene apd', 'role protection various', 'faso phenotype assessed', 'quality phenotypic', 'ci 65', 'qtl baseline', 'bovine breeding provide', 'ebv rear', 'nematode infection', 'cnvrs existing', 'cdna identified', 'pig ancestry result', 'individual egg size', 'reactivity reactivity', 'known pathway', '504 bp length', 'disease remain major', 'analysis failed', 'bull interval', 'jianquhai pig positive', 'quality trait greatly', 'association growth egg', 'considered qtl region', 'sow overall muc4', 'error variance', 'ranged 56 18', 'trait simultaneously', 'c14 cis c18', 'simpler trait', 'minimum false', 'matched non affected', 'individual heterozygous', 'cm 51', 'correspond fat1 locus', 'date pig asp298asn', 'qtl effect cross', 'chromosome particular', 'identified gwa study', 'previously proposed mathematical', 'horse filtering process', 'spot trait', '5453 estimate additive', 'evaluate statistical significance', 'disease chicken induced', 'gene identified region', 'type iia iib', 'affect production efficiency', 'dairy cow', 'mastitis qtl studied', 'multiple method', '203 microsatellite marker', 'region porcine mir206', 'observed different genotype', 'bmp2 loin muscle', 'set comparison standard', 'observed family examined', 'count rbc mean', 'disease myocardial infarction', '0001 conclude', 'bco lower hg', 'bta22 lactation', 'disease extreme', 'carried variant', 'performance intact boar', 'assessed farmer categorical', 'cattle population used', 'qingyu pig finding', 'selection consistent', 'approach combination genomic', 'abcg2 ibsp', 'containing kndc1', 'estimated 89', 'accumulation indicating', 'associated different fat', 'assisted selection cm', 'ld extends', 'purebred erhualian', 'welfare productivity farm', 'variation haplotype mutation', 'different marker', 'effect distinct behavioural', 'ssc7 single', 'combination trait chromosome', 'deviation beneficial', 'high meat', 'daughter 14 paternal', 'distance snp', 'snp stat5b gene', 'association analysis undertaken', 'corresponding standard', 'mm qtl', 'c14 c16 identified', 'testing chromosome', 'widely applied disentangle', 'literature functional analysis', 'using illumina bovine', '885 snp', 'informative snp', 'understanding risk', 'lack extended homozygosity', 'highly correlated clinical', 'data highlight variant', 'research communication investigate', 'using affection statue', 'genome various physiological', 'variant pclo', 'attribute flavor', 'fluctuates population', 'essential snp', 'allele pietrain sow', 'ii perform', 'lolium arundinaceum schreb', 'sheep lead', 'teat assuming alternatively', 'loin ham', 'ssc4 23', 'research gain', 'allele 474 494', 'association allele 64', 'evaluated effect', 'sheep scientific', 'myostatin gene', 'sample transcriptome average', 'ssgwas bootstrap', 'complexity counting random', 'btb holstein', 'partly genetically', 'closely spaced marker', 'effect beef marbling', 'qtl variance', 'haplotype commercial', 'milk region previously', 'inadequacy overcome', 'intron variant', 'backfat thickness fat', 'dominance heterosis', 'high resistance btb', 'population 433', 'analysis fst gene', 'lous npy', 'measured wwt', 'ssc3 genome wise', 'shaped genetic pool', 'suggested angus', 'rate controlled 10', 'search conducted', 'haplotype defined', 'approach detect artificial', 'increased ovulation rate', 'breed pietrain chinese', 'efficiency trait bos', 'acid lta', 'chronic mastitis objective', 'multiple location management', 'qtl emmax larger', 'trait functional relationship', 'using 100 000', 'value mbv according', 'marker affecting nba', 'post infection', 'unlike previous', '13 result suggest', '61 sire', 'age blood', '233a significantly associated', 'quality grade', 'pig breed known', 'analysis mmra', 'spectrin associated', 'detected 19', 'revealing complex trait', 'selecting faster', 'study osteochondrosis oc', 'collected blood sample', 'site paired box', 'examined histologically', 'resolution genetic map', 'shared bearing', 'service breeder', 'vii project', 'mhc polymorphism ascertained', 'attribute fresh meat', 'service calving interval', 'late lactation', 'using seven correlated', 'mutation remaining', 'membrane ion', 'associated enhanced', 'genome f2 animal', 'le exploratory', 'mcp set', 'validated sift polyphen', 'chicken line partially', 'explained 13 51', 'cn gd higher', 'using genetic resistance', 'dgat1 significant effect', 'axis reduced fearfulness', 'inter individual variation', 'conducted 10 837', 'associated intramuscular fat', 'moment calibration', 'tb driven selection', 'performed software allowed', 'using korean holstein', 'chicken genetic map', 'loss day brine', 'issue bovine', 'form using genome', 'analysis total 45', 'furthering understanding', 'level closest gene', 'c18 intramuscular fat', 'c17 intramuscular fat', 'qtl region focused', 'iii use genome', 'rate declining milk', 'exon confirmed', 'detecting qtn', 'little known biology', 'present study aimed', 'qtl detected 05', 'mb 150 174', 'animal known map', 'sib family structure', '13 sw1495 sw520', '14 dark 54', 'comprised 45 marker', 'mb qtl region', '11 527 holstein', '16 autosomal', 'bone trait including', 'sheep fitting vca', 'basis trait fully', 'moderate size effect', 'variation horse significantly', '02 003 01', 'potential secrete', 'mineral status bone', 'novel coding single', 'cattle verify', 'osteochondrosis horse', 'nuclear extract', 'correlated trait adfi', 'sq dq', 'ultrasound examination', 'fat lactose total', '43 damara', 'composition tissue', 'lw phenotypic data', 'a111g c231t c34t', 'addition scs sd', 'polish landrace', 'piglet survival', '128 cm imf', 'trait possible functional', 'aquaculture industry', 'gga14 notable finding', 'cheese breeding use', 'identified enhance', 'ghr oxct1', 'indel increased', 'qtl represent', 'expression data previous', 'trait meat color', 'ssc14 increased ap', 'unlike asian', 'directed search qtl', 'line total 132', 'snp effect significantly', 'birth homozygous calf', 'negative regulation', 'identified best', 'discovery rate 01', 'rate qtl supported', 'based genome wide', 'sire 200 daughter', 'map provides', 'using 20 000', 'protein percentage pp', 'meishan lw', 'migration inhibitory', 'chromosome activity specific', 'significant qtl located', 'qtl population conclusion', 'bootstrap option gensel', 'genotype lumbar', 'heifer bred ai', 'area lea confidence', 'highly demanded', 'male genetically unrelated', 'approximated single', 'chromosome dominant parent', 'lamb 371 genotyping', 'identified bta13', 'second cm2', 'gb data identify', 'holstein reported', 'propensity em', 'landrace fact', '26 sheep', 'content identified chromosome', 'ssc3 baseline trait', 'sscp technique polymorphism', 'spectrometry maldi', '52 08', '01 chromosome wide', 'second qtl associated', 'using illumina 60k', 'associated multiple chromosomal', 'associated fatty acid', 'trait directional selection', 'genetic variance muscle', 'mass single', 'potentially genetically simpler', 'exon bp', 'gene elovl6 elovl7', '668 copy number', 'network associated milk', 'severity treating', 'measured daily', 'breed landrace', 'gene detected 716', 'basis growth fatness', 'including sperm', 'generation f3', 'genetic variant bovine', 'suggesting multiple analysis', 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finnsheep mica', 'set kept', 'effect beginning end', 'transcript tissue', 'bta 13', 'resistance following', '34 sd', 'porcine beadchip 1927', 'expected improve', 'particular production', 'subtraits harbor qtl', '322 ewe distributed', '10 adjacent', '34 42', 'identified showed additive', '1a interleukin il', 'encompassing anxa10', 'maximum region 20', 'size parameter recorded', 'varied quantitative trait', 'selection availability large', 'effect sl9 sd9', 'se 060', 'potential lm measured', 'thbs1 involved', 'desaturase fads2', 'prolificacy remains poorly', 'size farm sheep', 'warmbloods sport', 'pathology le known', 'snp major influence', 'bf trait', 'quality gene rankl', 'ensure optimal performance', 'statistical relationship series', 'polymorphism non coding', 'cdna sequence detected', 'function contribute comprehensive', 'underlying lp', '16b gene', 'linkage true causal', 'sutai laiwu erhualian', 'major pathogenic bacteria', 'fcr 05 snp', 'pathogen receptor', 'qtl compared', 'used 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'complement c1q binding', 'born variation large', 'peak sst_dg156121', 'pig yorkshire berkshire', 'used study individual', 'contortus breed reported', 'change protein function', 'rad51c birc6 tex14', 'gene 12 mb', 'average logp used', 'proliferative renewable', 'trait endocrine trait', 'gwas signal', 'clrn1 gene study', 'member tight junction', 'breed known low', 'likely essential', 'illumina equine snp50', 'pool sequencing method', 'region iberian', 'region vertnin', 'setd7 liver adipose', 'age similarly', 'statistical analysis lamb', 'clear parent origin', 'effect low', 'gain accuracy bayesian', 'mean estimated breeding', '93 mb bta14', 'low variability', 'understanding role', 'thermal tolerance utt', 'method dramatically', '12 15', 'located gga14 analysed', 'genotyped horse', 'dairy sheep population', 'lta gram', 'estimated allele', 'considered method used', 'egg industry', 'gene snp locus', 'parameter growth curve', 'result represent genome', 'sc uw cddr', '243 sweden', 'result displayed', 'study present', 'located potential transcription', 'snp fell', 'qtl eca2 15', 'chromosome region corresponding', 'gene epigenetically regulated', 'merino sheep 43', 'study presented', 'snp accounted 12', 'breed 48', 'susceptibility addition', 'manner unrelated', 'total 470 significant', 'sp3 sp9', 'testosterone estrone sulphate', 'exon flanking intronic', 'junglefowl ancestor', 'transmission disequilibrium test', 'artiodactyl myadm like', 'difficulty identification', 'gene affect variation', 'independent information', 'sequenced reveal', 'vicinity site', 'associated pork', 'portion genetic', 'test broad range', 'mb showed clustering', 'trait locus analysis', 'prl selected', 'cmya1 gene', 'trait leg weakness', 'candidate gene dairy', 'position 68', 'special region', 'nested 46 sire', 'exon change codon', 'infects chicken', 'furthermore haplotype based', 'designate incidence ketosis', 'economically important lowly', 'longevity genome wide', 'grouped according', 'breed population f2', 'sw1823 main conclusion', 'proopiomelanocortin pomc', '2004 2004 2005', '497 f2', 'population known', 'muscle structure', 'discovered family', 'loin muscle sample', 'polymorphism associated productivity', 'fatty acid elongase', 'displayed internal organ', 'size used', 'death fd fetal', 'inherited polymorphism horn', 'marker assisted introgression', 'gene associated mastitis', 'snp likely', 'interacting locus analysis', 'polymorphism flavour', 'genotype increase power', 'mstn cattle', 'mortality young cattle', 'region affect tenderness', 'locus successfully', 'analysis based gwas', 'gene maybe', 'sd growth trait', 'binding protein', 'control removal sex', 'promising result', 'beadchip 40833 snp', 'polymorphism analysed seven', 'number consistently', 'prl csn3', 'tenderness chinese bos', 'enriched gwas signal', 'gemma emmax produced', '53 copy respectively', 'allowed fine map', 'seven coding variant', 'understand influence natural', 'analysis literature mining', 'association fmo3 polymorphism', 'module detected wish', 'power data', 'egg trait nearly', 'genomic imprinting', '18 distance 8kb', 'bull low', 'object test milk', 'order ass', 'bw growth', 'height withers chest', 'effort rest breathing', 'angle chromosome respectively', 'loin analysed individual', 'frequency obtained', 'marker sw2456', 'reduced null', '54 29', 'cattle detected novel', 'function related lipid', 'broiler performance trait', '22 cutlet', 'association incidence mastitis', 'coincided number body', 'genotyped used qtl', 'illustrate underlying mechanism', 'pig population including', 'multivariate mixed', 'severity ovlv induced', 'body length 05', 'snp 832g', '70k snp array', 'allocation scheme number', 'load pathogen mean', 'member nuclear', 'trait pig haematocrit', 'adjusted phenotype provided', 'seven cattle breed', 'stallion estimated', 'resolution mapping', 'trait considered deformed', 'regression analysis jersey', 'hgd identified encoding', 'population growth trait', 'ph24 drip loss', 'additional chromosomewise', 'measure resistance', 'population included 180', 'transversion exon 10', 'vital foundation understanding', 'amplicons sequencing genetic', 'density mapped using', 'family allele snp', 'association allelic', 'significantly 001', 'expression implemented', 'assessed cattle', 'meta analysis method', 'resistant animal suggested', 'statistic enabled', 'snp growth carcass', 'lactation subclinical', 'analysis perform genome', 'drip loss reflectance', '21 fatty', 'intergenic region', 'feed intake weight', 'variant population different', 'sa snp 270t', 'line commercial', 'genetic variation impact', 'lactation convincing result', '56 kg 024', 'effect number qtl', 'based seminological', 'body energy', 'examine change', 'qtls effect protein', 'near dgat1 yield', 'zealand australia', 'mapping population basis', 'nr dj', 'health production reproduction', 'location different mutation', 'bovinehdbeadchip perform', 'affecting fat yield', 'qtl using model', 'studied second', '649 normande cow', 'carcass measured individual', 'chromosome utilized genotyped', 'family fat', 'mutation revealed chromosome', 'ww long yearling', 'adipose tissue snp', 'detected using geneseek80k', 'specie alternative designed', 'fat correspond identified', 'gg genotype', 'association study f2', 'physiology mammary', 'qtl depends density', 'response sge', 'qtl providing 6911', 'carcass quality growth', 'profitability animal milk', 'rt pcr expressed', 'close gene elovl6', 'association million imputed', 'gblup variance component', 'background currently', 'melanoma predisposing', 'alter function', 'cutaneous malignant', 'nonzero heritability 12', 'meat trait a17g', 'genetic variation genome', 'overlapping region identified', 'gene variant intramuscular', 'analysis based data', 'different analysis approach', 'proportion occurrence supernumerary', 'located 29 kb', 'value response', 'account genetic', '32 pietrain sire', 'comprising seventh generation', 'appear 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'95 81', 'weight lipid', 'influence fat deposition', 'assistance required calving', 'gapit software total', 'organ elucidated', 'maintaining low', '2203 6321 hol', 'ibk economically', 'investigated strongyle faecal', 'structure ignore additional', 'linkage map comprising', 'analysis identified common', 'week 10', 'gene expression profile', 'organ weight mainly', 'gene valuable', '05 furthermore bird', 'female chicken', 'expression lead', 'end long', 'acid composition modulation', 'ram allelic', 'ethical reason', 'yr abdominal fat', 'initial cross', 'locus effect boar', 'dairy goat', 'fat respectively frequency', 'experimental prrs', 'effort implementation', '68 sd minolta', 'candidate gene scube3', 'area overlapping milk', 'primary effect cw', 'rs330779504 ld', 'design association', 'gene whc', 'genotype tt genotype', 'limousin blonde', '2015 99 mortality', 'strong candidate', 'used linkage mapping', 'e3b encoding gene', 'suggestive linkage protein', 'qtl allele descending', 'significance determined permutation', 'thoracic vertebra significant', '135 768 cbs', 'gg cc', 'controlling poly length', 'qtl feed', 'trait milk 59e', 'bta6 identified region', 'located significant qtl', 'previously suggested', 'body composition qtls', 'quantitative pcr', 'identified oar3 qtl', 'snp rs41256901 protease', 'population excluded', 'phkg1 revealed point', 'background genome wide', 'sequencing containing missense', 'complex region', 'explaining additive', 'expression level bmp15', 'mbl mediates activation', 'pigment intensity given', 'au rich', 'human associated cognition', 'size metabolic', 'genomic region muscle', 'conformation trait qtl', '32 polymorphism tested', '79 04', 'sequencing single nucleotide', 'disorder digestive', 'poultry industry great', 'snp associated significant', 'association trait locus', 'jf748727 2836 showed', '44 growth fatness', 'discovery rate estimated', 'animal distributed', 'mc1r known main', 'week serum', 'qtl effect dependent', '191 genotyped', 'neighbouring microsatellite marker', 'partial linkage map', 'examined 729 association', 'chain omega fatty', 'challenge facing', 'importance provides robust', '27 11', 'btas 14', 'f8 f10', 'investigated clinical chemical', 'box sox9', 'syntenic region', 'td proximity', 'total 681', 'cyst using', 'position 159', 'mutation prnp locus', 'close fabp4', 'ai carry risk', 'chromosome 12 16', 'muscle 540 progeny', 'homozygote genotype', 'bta13 bta14 bta18', 'group ocd', 'predisposing factor', 'resistance linkage study', 'study variability', 'bovine placental', 'linkage disequilibrium equine', 'resulted nominal', 'viral disease', 'predominantly duroc', 'effect resistance', 'subsequently determine locus', 'association study feasible', 'horse genotyped million', 'gc gene underlies', 'close fabp4 fatty', '351 353 cm', 'yield lean', 'important role imprinted', 'evidence mutation apob', 'pig revealed', 'high pta dpr', 'bta5 evaluate', 'critical region', '36 region located', 'follicle hypothesized', 'n229h tbg polymorphism', 'inherited developmental disease', 'intermediate filament organization', 'mb 141 mb', 'ketone body mainly', 'behaviour trait', 'used distinguish', 'located myostatin gdf8', 'sod1 runx2', 'p2rx3 nr2f2 oas1', 'trait including tight', 'estimated effect time', 'related fa profile', 'line dna', 'dna collected tested', 'trait estimated using', 'computed genotyping', 'length metatarsus', 'host specie worldwide', 'evaluation commercial duroc', 'danish swedish holstein', 'associated hematological', 'pathogenic influenza infection', 'large increased', 'mutation problematic', 'glm significant', '44 313 046', 'addition snp', 'allow powerful analysis', 'result snp identified', 'model myo3b', 'considered important candidate', 'marker map containing', 'swine immune', 'technique qtl identified', 'cohort cattle', 'sheep similarly rs17196799', 'ptprt ptgs1 fras1', 'ocd chromosome', 'effect obtained luh', 'detected qtl jersey', 'density mapped', '229 kg whilst', 'horse custom genome', 'study 322', 'snp potential role', '109 microsatellite marker', 'significant imputed sequence', 'national center', 'tt genotype mean', 'useful quantitative', 'included significant', 'encodes plasminogen', 'bta21 14', 'deviant haplotype hap1', 'gip 15 synonymous', 'quality greater', 'representing meat lightness', 'gene result microarray', 'putatively linked', 'abcg2 igf1 association', 'factor affecting glucose', 'korean native pig', 'reported churra sheep', 'la performed sheep', 'hw trait week', 'coincided shank', 'respectively digested smai', 'illuminaporcine60k bead chip', '13 21 identified', 'importance including', 'baseline leucocyte', 'study clearly', 'comparison gene expression', 'multiple regression', 'high reduced', 'squared test bonferroni', 'window relatively higher', 'samtools used', 'phenotype investigate', 'porcinesnp60 beadchip technology', '10142688 bp', 'large number marker', 'concentration ppn0 945', 'tmem38b rad23b', 'sf myofibrillar fragmentation', 'current selection', 'performed cow living', 'ssc5 ssc6 sscx', 'trait multimarker regression', 'length agreement result', 'wide significance bta', 'genetic difference survivor', 'number qtl meat', 'processing tm qtl', 'considerable phenotypic', 'pre post vaccination', 'calculate independent', 'reflectance value', 'class end', 'observed genotype substantial', 'disease alternative strategy', 'previously addition identified', 'le 10 cm', 'fy body weight', 'mixed model included', 'scan data analyzed', 'unclear study association', 'assay result', 'hdl low', 'acid residue', 'muc13 likely responsible', 'wool yield average', 'crossbred cb pig', 'locus growth trait', 'porcine decr1', 'size total 25', 'located approximately', 'interval 12', 'chromosome result varied', 'finally eliminate', 'horse pph', 'rvtv value', 'searched linkage 51', 'influencing rfi', 'significantly lower mean', 'gga23 gg27 qtl', '1927 animal genotyped', 'affecting fertility calving', 'fertility economically important', 'model common genetic', 'rock line total', 'suggesting polygenic character', 'qtl obtained analysis', 'qtl location growth', 'duroc synthetic', 'multigenerational pedigree estimated', 'family 1121', 'breed qtl', '3533t 615', 'khorasan studied', 'using generation', 'natural suis infection', 'sample stallion method', 'causative polymorphism', 'grade 25', 'improvement milk', 'certain result', 'body size genotyped', 'f2 intercross slow', 'underlie important', 'component circadian clock', 'qtl respectively fat', 'milk yield chromosome', 'residual maximum', 'rodent sequence gene', 'gene expression genetic', 'polymorphism combination', 'study gwas augmented', 'detection power gwas', 'useful marker assisted', 'indicate dgat1', 'improved using', 'used inferring', 'previously discovered association', '62 71 cm', 'qtl food conversion', 'strategy map', 'expression abhd16b detected', 'applied stringent test', 'closely linked qtl', '29 bos taurus', 'growth reduced', 'provide support', 'posed significant challenge', 'indicus animal information', 'reared grazing', 'ranged 44', 'bone quality detected', 'new information', 'susceptible resistant serovars', 'thickness egg', 'fine mapping qtl', 'genotyped individual identified', 'md susceptible mated', 'sheep junken type', 'substituting allele', 'trait applying qtl', '98 10', 'measured leg weakness', 'gene f₂ resource', 'line performed genome', 'production milk', 'genomic location fat', 'phenotypic association detected', 'effect stillbirth calving', 'studied researcher effect', 'mutation perform', 'including chondrogenesis lack', 'value production', 'association 01 snp3', 'weight parental chicken', 'value pork gain', 'novel qtls', 'qtl trait region', 'refinement qtl', 'yield breed holstein', 'profile gas', 'phi additional', 'points pre', 'role protecting', 'fat fat protein', 'effect dlk1 previously', 'independent mutation responsible', 'region contains weak', 'increase fast', 'nucleotide utrs', 'lipid mrna', 'based gene expression', 'arid1a rxrg nfatc4', 'bta14 using', 'locus study', 'resistance method', 'variant underlie', 'variant highly expressed', 'cac calpain uac', 'harvest weight', 'showed cc', 'breeding program especially', 'genotyped 167', '16q21 1878', 'acop chromosome harbouring', '578 bull characterized', 'pgrmc2 gene', 'progeny carried', 'region quantitative trait', 'genotype genotype', 'validated gene', 'abnormality elongated narrow', 'normal feed intake', 'lactation mammal study', 'cow tested mastitis', 'sexual maturity bw', 'utr pig ucp3', 'detection sex', '159 649', 'function immunity', 'growth rate discordant', 'seven significant snp', 'fat line gene', 'superiority relative', '39328 rs132865003', 'gain genotyped fish', 'effort marker', 'implied trait', 'eggshell cause', 'yellow shank', '69 microsatellite', 'based sire line', 'casein percentage 43', 'total 55', 'information refers', 'lin7c cxadr adam12', '46 cm 65', 'initial cross founder', 'causing muscle damage', 'information illumina', 'mean reached', 'snp comb dataset', 'association aa', '588 128_79 588', 'genotype 05 nce4', 'genotype 136 microsatellite', 'backfat thickness thorax', 'hemoglobin concentration', 'horn length base', 'moderate minor', 'high heritabilities close', 'identified qtls water', 'maintained absorption retention', '160 animal cross', 'fescue toxicosis polymorphism', 'caspase gene', 'implicate ew different', 'mapping nineteen', 'mutation t32742394c t32742468c', 'standard deviation sd', 'believe study', 'included faecal', '100 microsatellite locus', 'qtl ff', '00246150 hapmap50366', 'physiology gene cluster', 'trait ssc4', 'bta5 detected significant', 'depot pig', 'linkage map using', 'motility observed', 'marker 261 evaluation', 'understand possible', 'balance bovine', 'score assigned based', 'sample agreement', 'largest value', 'genetic basis underlying', 'qtl main objective', 'including snp candidate', 'different gc genotype', 'specie conduct', 'substitution widely', 'sb number', '5305c exon lg', 'effect new marker', 'post brsv vaccination', 'lp1 second', 'region prl gene', '19 78', 'hormone responsive', 'validation qtl', 'pedigree combination design', 'protein lacking 40', 'explained important fraction', 'ssc1 ssc2 ssc5', 'nfκ signalling', 'spata31e1 notch1', 'hyal1 xirp2 frzb', 'mortality pm', 'muscle low', 'selection ma ipn', 'architecture scant histochemical', 'ssc1 total', 'broiler dam', 'infected lolium', 'phenotype like metabolic', 'data animal', 'variance total bone', 'gene cluster largest', 'generation population available', 'senepol romosinuano sharing', 'model comparison based', 'related difference meat', 'high density single', 'higher hot', 'revealed 61 qtl', 'scanning fifth lumbar', 'present result effectively', 'calpastatin cast breed', 'complex trait major', 'qtl imprinting model', 'line proved successful', 'contribute marker snp', 'objective pituitary specific', 'muscle development thickness', 'annually identify', 'marker association test', 'apart approximately 12', 'surveyed corresponding gene', '24 qtl located', 'bta4 bcs', 'autosome bta 16', 'ssc18 significant 01', 'mb flanking', '412 insemination', 'distal ilsts081 result', 'fatness observed chicken', 'microsatellites autosomal', 'maybe play', 'resulting cross', 'faecal oocyst count', 'infection prevalence 45', 'a11471g t12495c g142a', 'indels important regulatory', 'individual used new', 'let 7c', 'mapped significant', 'block contained gene', 'preliminary analysis anova', '47673g associated', 'ssc13 137 mb', 'diversity prrsv prevented', 'lr h2', 'microsatellite marker genotyped', 'interestingly rs80805264', 'qtl region greatly', 'week 05', '071 duroc', 'analysis showed high', 'female animal serpine1', 'gnas region milk', 'sequence comparison revealed', 'breed clustered', 'flock american', 'belgian warmblood', '54 001', 'classical gwas approach', '13 interesting marker', 'subunit capns calpian', 'outbreak analysis', 'percentage increase', 'loin detected ssc1', 'background pig important', 'mutation rt pcr', 'nearby qtl', 'list gene', 'follicle order', 'sample difference expression', 'association suggest', 'joint analysis family', '100 landrace', 'frequency 85', 'detected suggestive', 'scapula ulna', 'infection nominal', 'reported highly associated', 'productive 10 30', 'study shown significant', 'genotype maternally inherited', 'using cri', 'gwas body height', 'f2 progeny', 'trib1 untranslated', 'qtl explained large', 'association seen', 'snp50 beadchip result', 'growth trait markedly', 'factor binding site', '35 42 49', 'function muscle', '021 significant association', 'incidence randomly selected', 'respectively phenotypic variance', 'region bta6 differing', 'snp quality trait', 'hmgcs1 addition', 'linked pig base', 'located mb region', 'search gene influencing', 'qtlr element shown', 'peripheral quantitative', 'discovered decr1 cbfa2t1', 'length shoulder ham', 'association stage', 'family significant autosomal', '19 20 24', 'mapping facilitate search', 'included objective subjective', 'sequence variation complex', 'different genetic variant', 'obtained f2', 'cattle biological', 'snp discussed', 'comparison revealed', 'rfi regulated', 'surrounding snp span', 'globulin cbg', 'polymorphism affecting potential', 'conservation identify', 'ppargc1a gene milk', 'reproductive efficiency swine', 'h7n3 sample', 'white 66e 04', 'reflect condition', 'identified serum', 'synthesis metabolism', 'culling rate', 'trait essential diagnostic', 'pietrain sow allele', 'segregate cattle breed', 'il production virus', 'tested study', 'segment human chromosome', 'muscle backfat', 'result support involvement', '156_157del polymorphism identified', 'controlled genomic region', 'autosomal chromosome qtl', 'protein composition milk', 'data set 003', 'milk peak 42', 'ultrasound backfat ultrasound', '002 23', 'obtain expression', 'qtl effect report', 'specific sex', '100 my100 250', '235 autosomal', 'indole skatole fat', 'recently associated', 'tpte2 epha5 nbea', 'using total 240', 'content imf affecting', 'thyroglobulin tg growth', 'breed specific', 'literature revealed', 'multiparous assaf ewe', 'snp genome wide', '12 71 10', '283 607 observation', '321 f2', 'animal ag genotype', 'bm2830 eth152 greatest', 'order refine', 'suggestively associated lp', 'gene predictive', 'collected dasan', 'using mtdfreml', 'efficiency trait yellow', 'maturity bw sexual', 'revealed qtl middle', 'composition qtl chromosome', 'population sire line', 'data 211', 'window detected', '2002 06 2009', 'comprised 260 microsatellites', '313 chicken allele', 'combined model', 'pig snp rxrb', 'analysis variant haplotype', 'causal mutation responsible', 'sheep analysis', '1052 seq', 'infection intertrait', 'technique 30 60', 'position hinders', 'law prevent breeding', 'process involved', 'requisite practical application', 'normal general', 'association promoter genotype', 'elovl6 relative', 'acaricide manage tick', 'il8ra ccr2 genotyped', 'qtl refining localization', 'passive immune', 'percentage ema increase', 'simulation study clearly', 'mean growth', 'foki pcr rflp', 'association confirm location', 'disease phenotype finding', '15 positional', 'laboratory estimate', 'rate difficult difficult', 'genotyped 39', 'hct hgb', 'rflp dgat1 primer', 'insight genetic control', 'rainbow trout provided', 'present meishan', 'mixed model analysis', 'process involved adg', 'promising locus', 'quality hpa', 'studied using glm', 'genetic architecture ultrasound', 'ii designed database', 'increase 43 gp', 'cm region pig', 'ghr f279y', 'hydratase hydroxyacyl coa', 'snp rs81465339', '64 9mb', 'haplotype significant association', 'located coding sequence', '13 12', 'ai sire deregressed', 'predicted result', 'suggesting involved', 'ham objective', 'early domestication chicken', 'genotype potentially applied', 'significantly associated carcass', 'detection livestock specie', 'acsl4 f2', 'enabled detection', 'background female', 'snp located ssc', 'conceive tbrd validate', 'sow investigated', 'parameter productive', 'analyzed qtl', 'following infection including', 'unassigned linkage group', 'cattle used compressed', '039 respectively', 'cyfip1 ptpn1 bin1', 'receptor associated', 'revealed tef1 variant', 'detect mutation fabp', 'interval qtls sharply', 'pig derived', 'related population asian', 'genetic dissection', 'proposed map qtl', 'method meta analysis', 'wg42 despite genetic', 'food intake important', 'lamb family', 'cell count cited', 'crossbred pig furthermore', 'span 30', '16 showed', 'age 12', 'carried considering', 'nsb 370', 'pair revealed', 'increase meat', 'positive post', 'detects core', 'rib weight', 'haplotype block mainly', 'analyzed independent replication', 'wide mixed linear', '76 bos', 'containing 16 035', 'precise position associated', '01 birth weight', 'prrs economically important', 'selection improve range', 'based information generated', '110 mb galgal6', 'utilizing larger sample', 'expression link variation', 'bull lipidome', 'orejinegro bon', 'total 17 qtls', 'quality trait carried', 'regional variance', '21 days 96', 'differing frequency', 'locus cross', 'remained independent', 'sire seven breed', 'epidermis dermal shank', 'effect endophyte', 'region necessary', 'rad snps uncover', 'piglet birth weight', '045 observed', 'il8 activity vitro', 'fat important', 'pde4b1 pde4b3', 'content ph', 'ligand ldl receptor', '15 20', 'gwas indicated shared', 'genotype future selection', 'analysis modified linear', 'intercross domesticated white', 'approached significance marker', 'content trait reduced', 'sperm abnormality rate', 'gain animal snp', 'chicken chromosome candidate', 'linked hoxc8 qtl', 'drive antitumor mechanism', 'regulating transcript processing', 'height heart girth', 'qtl growth response', 'irrespective oh shamo', 'ph reflectance value', 'used selection cow', 'fertility trait swine', 'additional seven', 'combination expected 24', 'taurus chemerin gene', 'identify major', 'meat quality investigating', 'lead development diarrhoea', 'sequence based genome', 'exhibit peculiar pigmentation', 'gene ovine', 'mapped match qtl', 'ssc2 12', 'predisposition pleurisy objective', 'animal set 05', 'analysis snp 39a', 'identified facilitate search', '85 88', 'calpain classified rflp', 'lower airway', 'trait determine genetic', 'data blood', 'rib area water', 'analysis ipa', 'step 88 additional', 'fi 05', 'significant feed intake', 'trait commercial swine', 'porcine hd 70k', 'association trait milk', 'linkage analysis bovine', 'disease bcwd snp', 'region exon plin1', 'opn beneficial reducing', 'lr cross', '85 linear mixed', 'fat yield 23', '10 16 18', 'concern consumer', 'used 436', 'cause piglet born', 'controlling developmental', 'screening ssc4', 'cssm66 lying', 'study help elucidate', 'iii 246', 'mutation needed application', 'analysis aforementioned criterion', 'background identified', 'trait pig method', 'line haplotype', 'plumage black skin', 'lower corticosterone', 'concentration ketone', 'animal slaughter', 'causative gene detected', 'ssc8 qtl showed', 'approach unique capability', 'change occur period', 'muscle weight including', 'assisted selection objective', 'erhualian f2 cross', 'grade qul', 'prrs need validated', 'avpr1a targeted', 'bmd genetic', 'gene characterized', 'protein included proteolysis', 'model enabled', 'location bves', 'cluster identified increased', 'month qinchuan cattle', 'information univariate genome', 'total 39 snp', 'genetic background low', 'population study using', 'trait difference significant', 'salmonid specie identified', 'negative impact', 'threshold phenotypic', 'chromosome overall', 'level skatole 150', 'increasing level', 'breeding swine', 'employing gene', 'trait milk protein', 'lm qtl unexpectedly', '43 45 kg', 'cell line construct', '05 summary data', 'variation fat moisture', 'allele encode lysine', 'area animal exposed', 'functional relationship gene', 'genomics approach', 'mtnr1a hypothalamus polytocous', 'gene refinement qtl', 'study various specie', 'site potential regulatory', 'like greb1 pla2g10', 'majority qtl located', 'investigation selection genotype', 'fat protein casein', 'assignment role chromosome', 'weight respectively indicating', '35 1kb 12', 'analysis blood', 'cv included chip', 'purpose serum concentration', 'content located', 'suggest portion', 'associated increased ewe', 'tested 80', 'fasn snp rs41919985', 'point genome', '3794 genotype', 'leg muscle fiber', 'derived strain differ', '99 family size', 'significant meat quality', '51 35 bf', '49 study', 'using hy line', '223 belgian', 'radiographic density', 'beadchip study detect', 'marker map chromosomal', 'model dairy', 'melanogenesis indicating pleiotropic', 'higher efficiency map', 'qinchuan cattle summary', 'animal 93', 'qtl exhibited additive', 'dpyd casq2 znf518b', 'bovine milk product', 'snp hub', 'previously reported observation', 'significant snp mapped', 'showed significantly better', 'positive clone', 'resource including high', '10 allele', 'region 149', 'shank growth week', 'study focused bmp7', 'detected ssc6 fabp', 'region mediterranean country', 'fdr central', 'implies snp', 'preadipocytes overexpression wild', 'c14 percentage', 'qtl family 14', 'ghr growth hormone', 'rate age', 'effect order', 'associated imf longissmus', 'causative allele qtl', 'trait bta18', 'fat detected probably', 'trait piglet', 'adjacent single', 'gnrh neuropeptide npy', 'porcine chromosome data', '001 residual', 'qtl effect averaged', 'ssc13 bf', 'mainly family transforming', 'revealed gg ag', 'confirmed snp gene', 'extreme anai4', 'texel sheep benefit', 'breadth 12 week', 'complementary sequence target', 'allele population ranged', 'polymorphism snp left', 'lncrna different tissue', 'association slc39a7 polymorphism', 'linkage map large', 'posttranslational modification', 'pig better', 'chromosome 14 ldla', 'lower mean value', 'lesion available 918', 'line selected trait', 'test broad', 'win conflict', 'association genomic region', 'innate immune inflammatory', 'reproduction breeding', 'treated peak force', 'igf nonesterified fatty', 'analysis ibmap population', 'bta11 bta15 bta26', 'qtlr include gene', 'immune response level', 'marker ssc', 'program developed map', 'prkag3 fatty acid', 'confirmed qtl segregation', 'previously investigated genome', 'year study used', 'additional genome scan', 'alter gene expression', 'yw eggshell thickness', 'carlo method', 'qtl identified intercross', 'buttock fat thickness', 'containing positional', 'phenotype recorded 238', 'compared social', 'difference absolute', 'mapping identified total', 'investigated tissue expression', 'milk play important', 'ensure level', 'feed intake percentage', 'ew 32 60', 'gene detection understand', 'mbv created snp', 'providing genetic', 'cm showed', 'litter size ovulation', 'rs424642424 total population', 'characteristic size', 'potentially affected', 'qtl different', 'phenotype resembles human', 'ai service 405', '14 beef', 'mitochondrial activity structural', 'affecting pepsinogen concentration', 'map average distance', 'previous association study', 'parity cm2', 'associated c17 intramuscular', 'variation genetics', 'animal recorded twice', 'fn424076 1829t', 'marker reproductive trait', 'daily gain tmem18', 'principal finding combination', 'texel sheep fitting', 'process differentially expressed', 'allele effect opposite', 'exon tcap', 'expression fetal tissue', 'snp causative', 'lactoglobulin lg major', 'half siblings performed', 'milk production protein', 'allele frequency compared', 'quantitative average', 'effect largest', 'unknown copy number', 'second period received', 'bayesian variable selection', 'high significance position', 'warmblood horse', 'covering 135', 'gene male fertility', 'assisted selection important', 'using population collected', 'useful snp associated', 'polymorphism snp ucp3', 'eye muscle', 'chromosomal region showed', 'sequence 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eicosapentaenoic', '39 cm bovine', '35 391', '9c11t gamma', 'trait successful cattle', 'covering autosome search', 'effect hyperpigmentation egg', 'antibiotic placed', 'subset prolific', 'cell death inflammation', 'shear force 18', 'trait influenced multiple', '644 predictor', 'herc2 map3k cyfip1', 'gene studied conclusion', 'comprising 348 101', 'mapping ssc6 using', 'significant variation', 'dw network', 'effect limited number', 'fads2 abcd2 elovl5', 'ratio average', 'genotyped 27 affected', 'tick burden dairy', 'additive effect assessed', '86 egg homozygous', 'respiratory syndrome prrs', 'haplotype haplotype', 'related heat', 'added new', 'capn6 additional', 'age reflect', 'using map', 'curve wood', 'breed 76 bos', '206 254', '06 ew 32', 'standard number analysis', '25 higher', 'rfi difficult', 'produced 31 sib', '156 junmu white', 'ssc8 iberian landrace', 'trait lp reflects', 'genotype routine method', 'reason gene', 'direct sequencing method', 'tropical environment extreme', 'false positive association', 'identification gene affecting', 'snp deposited', 'bta5 bta26 second', 'involved ossification adipose', 'thickness 7th', 'tspear pik3r4 kif16b', 'snp individually genotyped', 'mb showed genome', 'reported meat', 'sow bf 150', 'kb window', 'muc4 high ne', 'possible using', 'qtl region finding', 'highest multipoint zmeans', 'heterozygosity confers heterozygote', 'region additionally', 'indicated pleiotropic qtl', 'located genome', 'performed result linkage', 'german animal welfare', 'exon 11', 'selection covering 31', 'region tibial breaking', '314 suggestive significant', '10936g significantly associated', 'multitrait qtl model', 'pathway glutamatergic synapse', 'non infected traditionally', 'performed producer', 'sequence missense', 'interesting non', 'seven phenotype', 'ssc11 18 lost', 'control qc', 'known gene investigate', 'saturated monounsaturated', 'epistasis add understanding', 'selection previous comparative', 'fatty acid report', 'gc method 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'remaining haplotype hap2', 'bp sequenced', 'protein coding gene', 'respectively gwa', 'rfi maintenance efficiency', 'group increasing', 'sensory evaluation', '15 genetic trait', 'qtl unexpectedly', 'wide significant haplotype', 'synthase fasn t1952a', 'generation cross bred', 'meat tenderness chinese', 'cattle possible total', 'genotyped 120', 'hidden dependence', 'le stringent', '428 weaning', 'survival extreme', 'trait demonstrated gm', 'trait lacking context', 'concluded fabp4', 'gwas inform search', 'model empirical threshold', 'recorded carcass composition', 'male required breeding', 'local crossbred population', 'result single marker', 'missing qtl genotype', '07 significant', 'confirmed segregate nordic', 'fleckvieh population known', 'hierarchical generalized', 'aim work identify', 'impute 20 561', 'production meat', 'bw70 fcr 05', 'important role fatty', 'descent ibd score', 'length duodenum jejunum', 'selected morphometric', 'status qtl', 'considering physiological 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'locus responsible', 'expression regulated', 'weakness pig problem', 'detection snp population', 'cxxc5 ryr3', 'ap decreased', 'snp target', 'c18 bta23 snp', 'random snp effect', 'population unexpected', 'interaction trait', 'white coat', 'mb accounted genetic', 'notch2 prex2 ssc6', 'qtl birth weight', 'combine genotyping', 'bta14 sck2', 'tool revealed cytokine', 'total qtl showed', 'dik082 chromosome', '20 30 mm', 'arginine proline', 'phenotype available importantly', 'trait bovine breeding', 'fi interval collected', 'genetic selection toolbox', 'commercial population study', 'reported phenotypic data', '435gg 447aa individually', 'associated previously lentiviral', '890 784 bp', 'pedigree result joint', 'utr manifested significantly', '11 associated', '17 kit gene', 'breed quantitative trait', 'cross qtl discovery', 'eimeria parasitism', 'regulation onset puberty', 'compared previously described', 'using 012', 'association milk production', 'eyelid allowing', 'developed survive east', 'handling previously', 'regulating expression porcine', 'intrinsic limitation', 'breed bourges', 'response disease resistance', 'mapped gallus', 'sib family successive', 'phenotype bta 23', 'phenotype relationship egg', '187 28 locus', 'fpcm dry', 'total 23 highly', '150 210', 'higher random', 'qtl effect 11', 'compared non carriers', 'high resolution responsible', '0e 07 0e', 'measured week 22', 'rib reflected reduced', 'porcinesnp60 beadchip italian', 'spl future study', 'hpa axis phenotype', 'population molecular dissection', '87 including', 'entire genome', 'gestation difference uterine', 'phenotypic variation rfi', 'tmem117 transforming growth', 'goal canchim', 'q204x mutation', 'provide basis research', 'sire dam unrelated', '10 ssc 16', 'texel lamb', 'ssp paratuberculosis', 'allow additional', 'previous rfi', 'insight biology', 'chick 78 fold', 'seven snp arranged', 'region harboring casein', 'serum concentration interleukin', 'region damara', 'rate detected', 'thyroid hormone stimulation', 'acid position proximity', 'gene prss2 cckbr', 'component trait furthermore', 'data provide picture', 'respectively using illumina', 'univariate mixed', 'ghr growth', 'related muscle', 'gene esr marker', 'identify network', 'analyzed genome scan', 'weight gain case', 'size erectness important', 'pp cm sc', 'chicken line divergently', 'meat unpleasant', 'region 17', 'high morbidity farm', '01 false', 'using simplistic genetic', 'gene putative', 'wild sheep polyceraty', 'sequenom massarray total', '35 23 mb', 'proposed candidate gene', 'mutation snp1 synonymous', 'detection design allowed', 'sheep conducted', 'chromosome highest genetic', 'porcine maternal', 'carrying tm qtl', 'ibd matrix', 'long terminal repeat', 'drawback alternative', 'transcript ultimately leading', 'mutation likely', 'locus associated metabolic', 'soga1 spondin rspo2', 'size 433', 'harbored significant snp', 'respectively spatial secondary', 'coli etec type', 'polygenic trait', 'gene lep prl', 'ranged 2768 3750', 'sox9 sex determining', 'disruption variant 37455302g', 'occurrence caudal supernumerary', 'applied selective genotyping', 'characterized high concentration', 'acaca plin4', 'analysis 1000', 'segregating leg', 'chicken indigenous chicken', 'used preliminary screening', 'fayoumi cross phenotypic', 'odour trained sensory', 'lactation macrophage expressing', 'mb ssc6', 'decreased 89', 'marker information qtl', '60 respectively', 'bta snp bta18', 'tested using bayesian', 'gene increase litter', 'affecting subcutaneous', 'susceptibility mastitis genotype', 'indicated major role', 'threshold given', 'resistance genome wise', 'suppressed 001 feed', 'confirmed linkage', 'marker expedite', 'area 05', 'gene affect clinical', 'marker 28', 'ssc1 time series', 'genetic correlation water', 'allele altogether conclude', 'genome performed', 'troutlodge odd', 'snp 05 detected', 'located position 1574', 'porcine genome annotation', 'snp trait combination', 'analysis suggests polymorphism', 'herd qtl', 'resulting gwa', 'commercial population limited', '371 test day', 'phenotyped bw21 bw42', 'seven pcr', 'associated growth related', 'foxp1 tcp11 spata31e1', 'btb conclusion', 'scan duroc', '8044 1956 respectively', 'brandon research', 'respectively 103', 'various qtlr', 'gene affect ujumqin', 'subtypes complex', 'teat defect condition', 'qtl detected range', 'sire 2357', 'ehhadh gene located', 'fourteen novel region', 'genetic variation affecting', 'region positional', 'using 1156', 'composition longissimus muscle', 'differing genotype individual', 'significantly associated tg', 'typically increasing aging', '50977717t nc_019484', 'layer cross using', 'rac delineated', 'allele female', 'identified selected', 'segregated population', 'thyroid hormone th', 'milking ability act', 'trait indicating', 'cm pig genome', 'detrimental human health', 'detecting region affect', 'trait seventeen significantly', 'procedure t56039403c 808c', 'ease sire', 'ulcer sus', 'appeared novel qtl', '04 general', 'animal winter milk', 'processed milk', 'sire genome wise', 'inbred berkshire performed', 'contribute rfi study', 'bone qtls', 'greater 05 percentage', 'serve proxy trait', 'composition suggested necessary', 'underlying complex performance', 'regulation mucosal', 'threshold level 05', '10 prediction ability', 'proposed explain', 'considered genome', 'ascertain 19 known', 'used joined', 'incidence milk', 'threonine amino', 'cell volume', 'cm 123', 'depth loin analysed', 'energy value relative', 'study great', 'male piglet routinely', 'preservation beef carcass', 'hs qtl', 'ala val', 'earlobe color naturally', 'loss 05', 'maturation fast growth', 'scan performed date', 'survival rate', 'characterize molecular', 'thoroughbred order', 'verified using g3', 'herewith combined phenotypic', 'design utilized detect', '465 seq significant', '40 35', 'mstn genotype produce', 'approach provide framework', '156 snp marker', 'farm breeder', 'significant fitted single', 'kg 01 fcr', 'study utilizing', 'rtbc mirna', 'area longissimus', 'romosinuano additional', '715 blood', 'capacity allele frequency', 'later use', 'qtls resource population', 'dbwavg dfiadj albeit', 'significant effect cyp11b1', 'pivotal role', 'hmga1 ssc15 linkage', 'vaccination identified region', 'detected la', 'relevant genomic', 'ovinus qtl mapping', 'higher pregnancy', 'live csf classical', 'magnitude effect', 'present interesting candidate', 'proximity candidate gene', 'vs control phenotype', 'weeks age bw55', 'length attributable chromosomal', 'evidence unravelling', 'shell quality', 'affecting pp', 'detected allele', 'lcorl mo mitf', 'nba number born', 'gene makoei sheep', 'main objective current', 'enabled fine mapping', 'position 107 113', 'low 07', 'genotyped 103', 'orejinegro bon romosinuano', 'greater precision parameter', 'lp region', 'addition selected candidate', 'qtl ssc6 position', 'variance milk', 'genetic study evidenced', 'detected using', 'line haplotype based', '442 371', 'quality trait notably', 'snp1 c105331a', 'test hypothesis performed', 'gait training information', 'explained chromosome proportional', 'located chromosome utilized', 'suggested acsl1', 'rate noire du', 'beneficial haplotype', '2007 animal average', 'enhancing genetic resistance', 'identified ssc4', 'background performed quantitative', '0005 0032 respectively', '14 10', 'eicosadienoic acid level', 'progeny family', 'single locus association', 'variance control', 'implementation multiple breed', 'important pork quality', 'trait log', '47 226', 'marker ilsts002 bms833', 'vaccine design', 'c8 c10 c12', 'identified specific interaction', 'test additional', 'tissue higher expression', 'population population crash', 'fat colour trait', 'selection altered antibody', 'mammal specie', 'improvement program', 'finding suggest myf', 'sparse aim', 'member gene', 'computed allelic', 'abge343 reached', 'face mdv challenge', 'asp298asn association pig', 'rflp sscp', 'effect meat', 'melanoma applied', 'contribution genetic variance', 'chromosome controlling dermal', 'linoleic docosapentaenoic acid', 'finnsheep contribute exceptional', 'peak chromosome', 'challenge owing complex', 'association contrast', 'muscle specific gene', 'aa chicken', 'retained placenta conducted', 'using probability false', 'gene study based', 'consistent report', 'cv using', 'including chemical body', 'main epistatic qtl', 'using denser marker', 'variation aimed', 'illumina ovinesnp50 chip', 'independent genome', 'line study association', 'sampling performed approximately', 'validate single nucleotide', 'length week', 'real datasets', 'glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored', 'snp1 synonymous mutation', 'regulate inflammation making', 'tight junction protein', 'supported analysis molecular', 'described despite relatively', 'wxm genome wide', 'technology era', 'genome sequence association', 'approach beneficial result', 'region known effect', 'production fat lg', '01 pig', 'reaction restriction', 'affected haem', 'ghr f279y variant', 'efficient promoter element', 'likely involve single', 'cattle old dsn', 'oar 14', 'arrangement granulosa cell', 'insulinotropic polypeptide able', 'sample 16', 'level hypocalcemia main', 'different resistance phenotype', 'located scrofa', 'ebv ph', 'hypertrophy identified', 'population region', 'phu color score', 'assisted introgression selection', 'effective treatment infected', 'pomc gh', 'result showed substitution', 'total 435', 'intron 3000 bp', 'likelihood ratio', 'account population stratification', 'frequency informativeness family', 'mhc region sscx', 'y7f r25c', 'main objective work', 'receptor germ cell', 'breed exhibit exceptionally', 'scan line', 'chromosomal region new', 'fatness chromosome carried', 'asga0055225 alga0067099', 'affecting protein fat', 'pbm conclude', 'brd subsequently', 'ph15 gga2', 'given predicted', 'subgroup revealed', 'crossbred progeny', 'mapping revealed qtl', 'tissue time included', 'chromosome gene', 'element numerous binding', 'pqct used measure', '11 13', '300 seminiferous tubular', 'day weight 05', '30 ram', 'pleiotropic snp', 'promotes candidate', 'zfpm2 gene ontology', 'bft 17507a', 'eqtls igf2 acsm5', 'offer complementary control', 'rs109136815 marker loin', 'detected rt 13', 'chromosome ssc fatness', 'duroc dam thirty', 'qtl region ap', 'depressed circulating serum', 'growth deserve investigation', 'adg 043', 'weight data large', '10 functional gene', 'growth mortality', 'period age sheep', 'genomic selection conducted', 'neuropeptide ff', 'qtl 93 mb', 'wnt7b hmx1', 'qtl milk', 'originates birth haplotype', 'enhance opportunity', 'control versus', 'relevance affect mothering', 'confirmed sequencing used', 'showed use marker', 'expressed mg chl', 'power approach', 'identified close', 'lda total 36', 'heavy pig used', 'yorkshire pig method', 'influencing protein composition', 'subsequently investigated', 'cm instron shear', 'lbt low boar', 'chromosome causal', 'different allele ssr', 'known map infection', 'luh measured', 'haplotype 23 determine', 'result represent', 'sequence 31 snp', 'interspecific hybrid backcross', 'ph 45 min', '20 quantitative trait', 'heritability estimate posterior', 'data previous cattle', '447a affected', 'type mutant', 'introduction vertebral number', 'haplotype promoter region', 'provide mean', 'bms690 bm4528 selected', 'val dataset result', 'study gwas detect', 'known cause extreme', 'heritability se', 'improvement resistance', 'qtl ld generation', 'calf 385', 'genetic basis domestication', 'sire named', 'cooked pork', 'identify causative dna', 'trait f2 pig', 'gene seventeen identified', 'chromosomal region', 'muscle meat', 'variant tmem154', 'fi1 fi2', 'fitness breeder', 'quality male fertility', 'required elucidate', '5b stat5b gene', 'iga activity measured', 'fat1 composed qtls', 'metabolism protein transport', 'analyzed animal record', 'pork tenderness', 'majority trait', 'region cpm', 'state university berkshire', 'analysis showed hgd', 'cause poor growth', 'substitution prkag3', 't4 study', 'genetic information prohibited', 'used estimate variance', 'sex limited expressed', 'productivity farm', '01 15', 'swine production', 'environmental impact quantitative', 'included ssc1 c16', 'genotype effect average', 'association 456', 'using snp50', 'location management condition', 'analysis second', 'chromosome family', 'regression fitted fixed', 'reported quantitative trait', 'used backcross experimental', '186 esnps', 'map derived', 'pde1b bovine chromosome', '28 functional analysis', 'amplicons encompassing coding', 'position result', 'included addition', 'smell taste pork', 'tea domain transcription', 'economically relevant body', 'shank claw', 'colostrum method rank', 'used perform', 'mainly secondary', 'melanoma using pig', 'discovered contributes', 'improved imf', 'lipid transport', 'age probably reflecting', 'rambouillet polypay columbia', 'snp 1326t', 'us_m ssc2', 'compared using likelihood', 'asia europe south', 'sheep previously', 'fat showed significant', 'chicken bird', 'potentially involved', 'establish novel', '96 aflp', 'region casein gene', 'cleaned skeletal', 'loin ssc3 ph', 'univariate mixed model', 'chromosome milk fat', 'population displayed', 'descendant used putative', 'insertion intron', 'additive polygenic effect', 'region allele', 'boar analyzed', '63 mb conclusion', 'approximately 3000', 'signified key pathway', 'involved study 21', 'androstenone simultaneously affect', 'detection pleiotropic', 'shown result', '50 snp', 'genome sequencing marker', 'goal identify', 'integral called intrinsic', 'trait measurement individual', 'genotyping platform', 'yielded marginal', 'candidate gene deduced', 'gga4 qtl largest', 'weight tep', 'crossing broiler male', 'age random', 'cluster respectively', 'shank length growth', 'background columnaris', 'ph decline', 'marker spacing', 'cd dd association', 'significant value beef', 'wise significant association', 'invasion conclusion kit', 'remaining rs41919999 rs132865003', 'beadchip order identify', 'measurement trait native', 'measured improve understanding', 'qtl scan joint', 'ssc8 54567459', 'term single trait', 'gene chicken suggest', 'melatonin receptor 1a', 'domestic wild', 'study snp growth', 'aim identify quantitative', 'codon encoded allele', 'located chromosome beginning', 'motility abomasum', 'resource population additive', 'scd5 kiaa0999 fkbp10', 'naturally scrapie infected', 'gene polymorphism affect', 'qtl affecting performance', 'barrow distributed half', '796 cow 44', 'basis study alzheimer', 'great enhancing', 'parity allelic', 'response variable proposed', 'large independent', 'variation variation lamb', 'acid composition affect', 'animal seven', 'qtl genotyping', 'associated prolificacy variability', 'dsn population', 'allele greater japanese', 'multiple repeat', 'confirmed linkage significant', 'available genetic analysis', 'i199v locus originated', 'autosome chromosome average', 'qtl elovl6 gene', 'haplotype identified', 'gene siglec12 ctu1', 'profile beef initially', 'associated 001 cwt', 'promoter region enhances', 'snp associated 10', 'included cluster significant', 'arm porcine', 'phenoypes collected', 'family qtl total', 'romosinuano carora effecting', 'population phase association', 'intron showed significant', 'suggest allelic heterogeneity', 'gwas analytic', 'performed f2', 'distinct qtl area', 'trait genotyping snp', 'rs4121165 gc', '05 bw70', 'scenario single', 'used study sufficient', 'revealed uterine', 'spanish churra ewe', 'using data', '30 gilt', '01 pl suggestive', 'cornea occur severe', 'analysis gwas conducted', 'breeding camkmt', 'flight mass spectrometry', 'association study', 'identified cw', 'cattle mapping population', 'matrix hair', 'efficient tool', 'jersey red', 'phenotype hypothesized', 'quality complex concept', '01 association abundance', 'affecting relative weight', 'paternal component pregnancy', 'yield grade dmi', '206 boar 240', 'haplotype formed', 'heritability value parameter', 'snp retained gwas', 'heritable trait large', 'intrablock value', 'piglet piglet', 'tick resistance provide', 'lower values s26449', 'netherlands sweden', 'model 120 md', 'rna seq information', 'placenta development', 'day 18', 'ability distinguish favorable', 'different breed result', 'female measured', 'blood sample bw', 'important role muscle', 'susceptible animal aim', 'red line set', 'limousin f2 population', 'highest significant', 'weight suggestive qtl', 'genotyping assay pcr', 'located ssc8', 'yn rt201 susceptible', 'known multi pdz', 'previous analysis high', 'economic trait chinese', 'cattle reared finished', 'size superoxide dismutase', 'feed intake 13', 'strain secondly', 'snp located exon', 'grazing challenge infected', 'production consequent', 'confirm association', 'definition infected', 'effect coat colour', 'feather female breast', 'nsb1 later', 'region fatness', 'milk sample', '27 54', 'wild type homozygote', 'sclerotome play important', 'lactoglobulin milk evaluate', 'strongest association close', 'ssc16 ssc17 ssc18', '510 f2 animal', 'selection target', 'approach chromosome', 'ecology trait subject', 'marbling tt polymorphism', 'tolerance poultry', 'ssc8 sscx chinese', '01 important', 'commercial dam line', 'efficiency selection goal', 'sequence data 157', 'development snts', 'pwsy number litter', 'composition impact meat', 'pod effect dlk1', 'compared non castrated', 'egg meat', 'accounted genetic variance', 'molecular marker combined', 'peak 50', 'total 25 different', 'size location lesion', 'analysis indicated snp', 'likelihood technique qtl', 'clue controlling spread', 'value set false', 'analysis marker genotype', 'high low growth', 'calpain meat', 'result phenotype', 'similar occasionally differing', 'result allowed identify', 'ssc8 85', 'family focused', 'pair wise genetic', 'phenotypic value result', 'bta5 10', '11 snp reaching', 'study harbor', 'week age', 'relationship vrtn', 'rao related sign', 'gr 004', 'genetic study', 'cm bft rib', 'daughter ai ram', 'tdt basis seven', 'ubl5 position 68', 'ros0005 mcw0225 ntn2lsts1', 'finding reported human', 'exonic region 14', 'higher dressed', 'weight animal', 'time called', 'unequal allele frequency', 'eqtl scan', 'gene qtl bta', 'alberta lacombe', 'quality beef cattle', '10 chromosome gga', 'abw ssc1 ssc2', 'lm association test', 'mapping qtl exceeded', 'total 222', 'property meat stearoyl', 'longissimus dorsi muscle', 'effect direction', 'meat lightness study', 'period pre', 'qtl c14 c18', 'numerous cellular process', 'genotyping total 139', 'used identify fine', 'case revealed', 'mastitis susceptibility trait', 'publication indicate genetic', 'cac respectively', 'study series', 'analysis growth carcass', 'functional element supported', 'information qtls', 'parasite resistance gwas', 'regarding direct indirect', 'potential role tight', 'haplotype hap12 ac', 'herd total', 'yorkshire fra', 'snp identified specifically', 'reveal specific partly', 'beadchip qtl detection', 'linkage gene related', 'included individual qtl', 'chromosome studied', 'respectively known gene', 'ridge regression using', 'heifer conceive maintain', 'qtl affecting subcutaneous', 'gene linkage causative', 'ren bta16 significant', 'fat metabolism differential', 'lean meat ham', 'male meishan female', 'scan 165', 'body weight measure', 'population estimate reach', 'previous study aimed', 'population result confirm', 'genetics shown', '13 abdominal', 'activated protein kinase', 'identified gene phosphodiesterase', 'protein percentage bta18', 'study wool', 'protein percentage near', 'region snp3 13281c', 'tibia length candidate', 'positive dbwavg dfiadj', 'related cellular development', 'litter pwl', 'measure 021 posterior', 'snp 638a 465c', 'contained missense variant', 'cm analyzed', 'modulate resistance susceptibility', 'girth exon weight', 'allele originating', 'tested snp associated', 'linked monomanine signaling', '051 gene region', 'growth hormone insulin', 'pig performance association', 'analysis revealed fabp4', 'lipid transfer activity', 'eca raspf7', 'notch1 regressed', 'trait combination 22', 'pig imf', 'ayrshire fa', 'model random family', 'scc association', 'used sire line', 'β1 significant', 'gonadotropic axis prepubertal', 'body height horse', '917 german', 'genome wide interaction', 'foundation studying mechanism', '64 unaffected horse', 'analysis reliably performed', 'genomic prediction larger', 'fec avfec', 'qtl linked primary', 'value conductivity', 'force maximum', 'responsible exceptional', 'threaten swine industry', 'spotting distinguishing', 'fwec change haematocrit', 'used marker genotype', 'sci bci', 'asian miniature', 'marker identified putative', 'month old failure', '319 sheep 48', 'seriously economic loss', 'commercially relevant', 'analysis egg', 'nordic holstein interval', 'following detection', 'selection hanwoo cattle', 'genotyped 444', 'mutation 25225a 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'percentage total production', 'polymorphism fto gene', 'cow different', 'peak 87 mbp', 'cm 21 46', 'structure resource population', 'comb line chicken', 'period birth breed', 'immersion challenge', 'linking trait biological', 'weight highly correlated', 'autosome marker significant', '27 chromosome wise', 'behaviour significantly influenced', 'strongyle fec identified', 'bta13 ier3', 'number cow genotype', 'bft studied', 'best goodness', 'weight possible make', 'gin infected non', 'reproductive characteristic', 'bmp15 polymorphism reproduction', 'polypay rambouillet sheep', 'region 18 bos', 'suggest joint', 'fat1 human', 'sequence analysis mln', 'gwas detected 84', 'increased composition myosin', 'kndc1 tfn', 'significant qtl log', 'uncover genetic', 'background availability genome', '100 muscle qtl', 'sample genotyped using', 'additive effect associated', 'identified reached experiment', 'matter fact genome', 'relationship matrix original', 'qtl influenced faecal', 'c179g g186t offer', 'reflecting effect difference', 'totaling 431', 'diameter testosterone concentration', 'chicken 36', 'weight averaging 229', 'carlo mcmc method', 'data pig resource', 'return rate nrr', 'body weight ultrasound', 'integration gwas result', 'comprising 31', 'porcine large white', 'adjusted 05 snp', 'population experimental meishan', 'presence separate locus', 'δ2 lma', 'locus refined', '2229 sheep average', 'causal association', 'insemination combined analysis', 'oar3 12', 'decrease expression', 'day 46 1033', 'swine immune capacity', 'large eared erhualian', '04 56', 'included bayesian model', '12 lrp12 tribbles', 'evaluation increased reliability', 'origin effect developed', 'bovine autosome used', 'significant 16 week', '157 key', 'additive effect given', 'antitumor regulation', 'sift polyphen genetic', '100 qtl effect', 'score bovine', 'male meishan', 'studied data', 'studied population comprised', 'metabolism androgen', 'removal previous', 'bta5 igf gene', 'oar4 12', 'snp exon snp1', 'allele environmental condition', 'specific intact initiator', 'compared rfi', 'verify influence', 'cambridge sheep associated', 'polled given', 'associated variant', 'ranged 01 21', 'covering 18 autosome', 'variation tnp1 gene', 'quality trait cooking', 'subset animal 1828', 'family bta20 chromosome', 'mass ham', 'regarded putative qtl', 'previous finding duroc', 'challenge study', '25 25', 'pycr1 alg12', '05 summary', 'tenderness 05 single', 'ass snp predictive', 'platform used', 'locus linked located', 'amplify genomic', 'hemoglobin hgb', '92 553', 'overlapped quantitative trait', 'response adult animal', 'variant variant underlie', 'gene charolais', 'cat 128h', '134 bp downstream', 'mapping type locus', 'dik4782 br2936 highly', 'porcine chromosome harboring', 'aa gg gg', 'involved transcriptional', '05 423t snp', 'comprehensive set functional', 'based sequence level', 'high enrichment gene', 'qtls aseasonal reproduction', 'significant haplotype', 'lm qtl', '7q1 various pig', 'length mineralisatinon limited', 'dilution defined', 'confirmed hanwoo', 'muscle reported', 'followed backward', '770c 793g', 'efficiency population', 'genetic variation gr', '11 genotyped', 'snp exon plin1', '98 13 74', 'information study qtl', 'evidenced overlapping', 'laiwu bamaxiang', 'marker displayed polymorphism', 'live animal carcass', 'family annotated near', 'metal ion binding', 'mutation resulted', 'variation obesity', 'scale white', 'effect mufa pufa', 'common snp autosomal', 'snp60 genotyping beadchip', 'rflp method', 'weight hcw ribeye', 'deposition qtl haplotype', 'ndv antibody', 'addition explored influence', 'adding additional', 'valuable mutation', 'comprehensive list human', 'ear size cm', 'castration result illumina', 'model fixed factor', 'select resistant animal', 'reproductive gene edn3', 'swiss dairy', 'hydroxytryptamine receptor', 'chicken f2', 'involved calcium', 'genomic region relatively', 'tlr9_tt coupling phase', 'revealed 305 291', 'population level segregation', 'collected digital', 'chosen genotyped', 'companion study', 'fat hcw mar', 'region endocrine trait', 'trait validated larger', 'level lipid', 'marker select', 'fabp5 clustered', 'model absorb', 'mutation genotype cd', 'orthopaedic disease common', 'linkage detected', 'nil difference', 'program ibk susceptibility', 'step approach genome', 'beta polypeptide', 'thickness bft examined', '273 laiwu', 'copy associated increased', 'mendelian mode expression', 'chromosome study contribute', 'respectively eps8', 'prediction equation derived', 'qtl genotype routine', 'trait suggested qtl', 'majority inherited', 'interaction network candidate', 'marker enhance', 'delta desaturase scd', '17 26 27', 'milk urea nitrogen', 'content ratio', 'strongly associated host', 'fy respectively', 'trypanotolerance limit parasitaemia', 'trait exceeded genome', 'altering transcription rate', 'gwas 455', 'number haplotype', 'qtl surrounding', 'nsrp1 cadps', 'trait nominal significance', 'qtl sire', 'obesity obesity related', 'expression data map', 'hen belonging pure', 'mastitis lie', 'major window increase', 'objective study designed', 'associated effect', 'remain elucidated tissue', 'study population accounted', '26 putative', 'rs109663724 significantly', 'quality mc4r igf2', 'affecting muscle meat', 'accurate small family', '998 sheep qtl', 'protein casein', 'cd emerging problem', 'responsible hpai survival', 'chromosome implemented addition', 'sesamoidales dc', 'adipogenesis biological', 'interval offspring', 'stop codon w80x', 'model led conclude', 'effect chromosomal', 'trait following daughter', 'phospholipid remodeling', 'genotype data illumina', 'genotype higher ph', '05 seven ap', 'bf gene used', 'cattle conclusion', 'eastern southern chinese', '24 unique backcross', 'level scd', 'data f2', 'underlying resistance adult', 'genetic selection reduce', 'daily dmi adg', 'pig past', 'significance paternal maternal', 'length bmd distal', 'snp21 snx13', 'red cattle qtl', 'peak 42', 'using sorf2', 'insulin signaling', '190g 156a identified', 'gene ex fabp', 'postinfection suggested analysis', 'associated marker chromosome', 'horse snp', 'increased rapidly', 'ube3b ube3b transcript', 'psychological change wide', 'extensive evidence', 'revealed overlap 1400', 'c14 index c16', 'product yield', 'trait animal model', 'polymorphism method developed', 'descendant carrier', 'abundant class small', 'cm trait', 'case 98 control', 'combined cow', 'additional marker animal', 'background line wl77', 'coding region bovine', 'landrace pif1 experimental', 'process experienced reproductively', 'receptor il 10r', 'paternal half sibs', '62 30', 'bw70 feed', 'horse health', 'chromosome microarray', 'type low', 'cartilage development muscle', 'interval generally', 'distance 13 cm', 'nrr56 bta03', 'qtl imprinting', 'role apoptosis', '25 fatty acid', 'involved porcine', 'female study', 'genomic selection appropriate', 'make statistical inference', 'recprotein hapmap52348 rs29024684', 'window analysis analysis', 'additional slick', 'marb bta13', 'snp different cattle', 'analyzed association direct', 'explained majority genetic', 'genomic selection better', 'pp database qtl', 'association growth carcass', 'potential marker broiler', '24 425 segregating', 'strong agreement', 'procedure result', 'kiaa1468 tnfrsf11a zcchc2', 'cwt backfat thickness', 'change amino', 'confirmatory evidence previously', '013 064', 'landrace large white', '2768 3750 reflected', 'sal1 present study', 'related trait selection', 'likelihood approach used', 'gwas detect', 'study gwas using', '277 cow 704', 'trait chicken f2', 'spacing marker cm', 'based family', 'test detect infection', 'parameter lm fatty', '05 backfat', 'lentivirus country cause', 'loading value', 'bovine leukosis malignant', 'research fast', 'individual effect', 'end pig chromosome', 'egg en 21', 'heterophil lymphocyte ratio', 'panel imprh porcine', 'positioned csn1s1', 'gene bdkrb2', 'available today brown', 'normal gestation length', 'animal genome', 'pedigree 882', 'test marker trait', 'proximity population ssc3', 'chloride channel', 'meat prkag3', '79 588', 'regard utr poll', 'data 788', 'exhibiting significant genome', 'ghr respectively', 'different milk trait', 'rfi qtl pinpoint', 'measurement loin region', '96 marker', 'genome wise multiple', 'trait different age', 'cyb5d1 sphk2', 'genetic selection feed', 'phenotype database', 'susceptibility hypersensitive reaction', 'mapped area', 'transcript profile', 'insertions deletions pgf', '104 mbp', 'heat 00', 'aimed verifying', 'efficiency growth trait', 'analyzed medium', 'result increased', 'strong pleiotropic effect', 'association increased mapping', 'f2 female animal', 'value beef', 'production growth', 'leg muscle dimension', 'removal parity', 'worm egg count', 'applied identify new', 'response earlobe', 'gwas meta', 'snf protein', 'fatty acid activation', 'result implied porcine', 'detection bovine', 'early growth sexual', 'phosphatidylinositol triphosphate pi', 'allow inclusion', 'haplotype serve useful', 'scanning followed fine', 'metal ion', 'microphthalmia associated transcription', 'seventh rib', 'aim study employ', 'western pig', 'calculate variance snp', 'development embryo associated', 'fa swedish red', 'region association analysis', 'detect gene responsible', 'ssc 10', 'snp rs419096188 rs424642424', 'set increased stepwise', 'study perform quantitative', 'similar study aiming', 'native breed aa', 'program possibility', 'chicken quantitative', 'method association analysis', '44 50', 'role gene affect', 'genomic region encoding', 'using analysis', 'tibetan hen yellow', 'variance 22', 'background host genetics', 'identified gene 37', 'interval follow', 'senepol cattle current', 'demographic event', 'ssc10 1on ssc13', 'bull val dataset', 'domestication process', 'analysis completed', 'length growth', 'common positional candidate', 'genetic mechanism immune', 'abhd16b play', 'rs81400131 rs81405013', 'high correlation snp', 'sibs low', 'pig line 10', 'loin muscle mass', 'gene involved regulation', 'new narrow', 'identify complex', 'ibmap identifying', 'dgat1 lys232ala substitution', 'lepr allele body', 'performed using map', 'calving difficulty calf', 'ct ag', 'detected 12 trait', 'lifetime productivity', 'mature gga mir', 'conclusion study demonstrated', 'ssc2 identified', 'agonistic score phenotype', 'confirmed vitro measure', 'maximally informative rfi', 'male accounting 76', 'regression bayesian analysis', 'superiority gaussian', 'acaca crh', 'inspection live', 'significant snp marker', 'tested identified mutation', 'breed untapped', 'intron region', 'height horse', 'dmi based', 'strep dysgalactiae', 'equivalent genome scan', 'gwa polymorphism association', 'oar3 24 reached', 'prss2 associated', 'genotyped snp enlarged', 'esr2 eaat2 bdnf', 'goatsnp50 beadchip', 'autosome bta 54', 'included seven snp', 'challenge sarcocystis miescheriana', 'determined dominant allele', 'incidence identified', 'significant qtl confidence', 'rflp 212 chinese', 'challenged ipnv 768', 'ld gm', 'effect estimated regional', 'assisted selection genomic', 'genetic control wool', '18362g 18377t', 'regression model ridge', 'cis eqtl colocolizated', 'qtl qtl influencing', 'beadchip performed', 'geographical region damara', 'qtl parity', 'family involving', 'gene 443', 'gene performed quantitative', 'production protein', 'discover causative', 'set holstein bull', 'snp polymorphism information', 'loin collected slaughter', 'minolta ph', 'bracket regarded putative', 'trade reproductive skeletal', 'marker mapped near', 'ssc1 ending snp', 'associated immune index', 'sheep genotyped 36', 'activity candidate gene', 'deduced protein 445', 'length breed 100', '01 study', 'bta28 bta18 significantly', 'ranged 27', 'immune related', 'cross model half', 'sw252 sw581', 'proliferation death significantly', 'genetic variant strongly', 'rump angle', 'composition supporting', '1213 ewe analysed', 'correspondence qtl region', 'ti qtl identified', 'utilized genetic marker', 'described region', 'implemented compared using', '266 low', 'association allelic size', 'multi marker backward', 'nucb2 similar', 'animal significantly associated', 'fertility health finding', 'preventing cell proliferation', 'high heritability 79', 'expression high', 'snp used map', 'gwas revealed genetic', 'aiming overcoming limitation', 'greatest effect whc', 'conducted genome using', 'exceeded 95 variant', 'pig industry improved', 'stratification angus brahman', 'tissue rt', 'verify segregation', 'muscle analysis', 'specie linkage analysis', 'haplotype backfat thickness', 'sheep associated', 'analysis assigned fabp', 'denaturing gradient', 'help overall', 'detected study perfectly', 'point identify causal', 'wilmink curve', '15118683c 15118756c', 'method gene', 'analysed qtl position', '0x10 13', 'mechanism underlying various', 'proximity suppressor', 'unreplicated identify genomic', 'sequence genotyped', 'current sequence', 'snp4 population genetic', 'growth mortality constitute', 'tibial breaking', 'line additional qtl', 'genetic susceptibility tb', 'affecting muscling 12', 'association prkag3 ph', 'type ssc16 ssc17', 'yorkshire landrace', 'completely partially caused', 'distance result', 'range psychotic disorder', 'reported highest number', 'tested breed indicating', 'glp1r mdfi gnmt', 'biosecurity measure', 'significant difference body', 'fmo gene ex', 'posterior distribution indicated', 'fshr potential', 'test number', '172 microsatellite locus', 'imprh panel chromosome', 'trait association male', 'genome wide distributed', 'observed suggesting', 'cell nuclear', 'integrity paternal', 'alternative transcript', 'indicator trait parasite', 'snp 1141 chinese', 'breed fst', 'genetic marker used', 'bwg feed', 'orthogonal contrast average', 'normal general condition', 'yield previously mapped', 'candidate gene identification', 'method qtl analysis', 'eca3 79', 'sperm motility abnormal', 'fat content meat', 'l990 cart gene', 'wide significance set', 'informative microsatellite', '16 03 05', 'ndv single snp', 'appears key', 'analysis fastphase', '660 transcript', 'composition trait sla', 'experiment wide significant', 'study analysis method', 'high morbidity mortality', 'characterized coding', 'commercial norwegian slaughter', 'considered based', 'equine developmental', 'significant benefit', 'sheep snp identified', 'antibody production', 'directly cooperation phagocytic', 'using model', 'linkage mapping using', 'endangered breed', 'following detection quantitative', 'rate interval calving', 'single variant fcr', '12 normal', 'scan gpt', 'genotype 05 fabp', 'data detect qtl', 'trait including exterior', 'change limited number', 'trend regression', 'sample size sequence', 'bp indel 106_', 'coloration gga1', 'reject possibility', 'genome variant imputed', 'muscled body defect', 'ssc 14 respectively', 'serpina1 serpin gene', 'conducted exploiting porcine', 'cox transformation method', 'facilitate potential', 'network connecting gene', 'conducted basis daughter', '01 mb segment', 'animap program recombination', '768 individual genotyped', 'animal model controlling', 'production trait 53', 'genotyped pedigree', 'lm population known', 'scheme association study', 'controlling fatty acid', 'compactness significantly increased', 'region 001 polynomial', 'ab ac produced', 'receptor activity', 'wide qtl identified', 'fat percentage fp', 'locus showed significant', 'difference time periods', '16 breed 199', 'male reproductive process', 'nonsignificant marker', 'barki ewe egypt', 'expression genetic variation', 'functional clustering', 'qtls suggestive evidence', 'addition kit', 'carrying snp 793g', '426 angus', 'difference body length', 'switzerland animal genotyped', 'vitro vivo', 'rs43101493 rs43101485 rs43101486', 'black whilst', 'injection nesfatin suppressed', 'farm infected', 'welfare law prevent', 'likelihood animal', 'region significant kyphosis', '24 59 cm', 'score estimated 24', 'potential involvement lrp12', '512 f2', 'founder breed f2', 'chromosome 18 affecting', 'heavier ham', 'type urokinase type', 'panel ass level', 'population affect power', 'boar skatole produced', 'large genetic variability', 'related innate immunity', 'effect distal', 'sheep south', 'significant difference score', 'longevity trait', 'polymorphism snp quantitative', 'software total', 'diarrhea piglet colonizing', 'population genetics', 'weight additive dominant', 'associated female fertility', 'observe effect', '150 210 bf', 'possible incomplete', 'chicken breed', 'trait gwas', 'gene imf accretion', '88 single nucleotide', 'indicating feather pecker', 'erhualian f2 intercross', 'maf 05', 'hamp_c 366 109g', 'factor process remains', 'rs20917091 slc6a4', 'status bone', 'production snp', 'vaccinated pig adg', 'virus mdv cost', 'half proviral', 'f6 pig', 'confirm vrtn positional', 'genotype available subset', 'major danish', 'genotype frequency', 'resistance knowledge', 'approach detecting', 'peaked snp', 'explained 53', 'animal nucleus', 'region pinpoint dna', 'igf2 intron3 g3072a', 'sheep evidenced', 'hydrolases strong', 'result ld', 'small large', 'shown suggest commercial', 'bmd significant', 'assay using', 'unexpectedly small confidence', '33 subcutaneous fat', 'opn position', 'examine extent linkage', 'population conclusion study', 'introduced tth111i separately', 'snp il', 'assumed qtl', 'british yorkshire pig', 'indicates trait genetically', '649 f2', 'effect halfsib model', 'additive effect located', 'experimental design aim', 'moderately heritable ranging', '41 day intestinal', 'actually provide solution', 'heritabilities reproduction differ', 'iii favourable', 'sheep explains variation', 'slaughter subcutaneous', 'number relationship sparse', 'associated endocytosis', 'trait 105', 'snp sexual chromosome', 'industry lead premature', 'vivo ct measurement', 'breeding method total', 'position 3481bp', 'breeding farm namwon', 'insulin growth factor', 'chromosome 27 experiment', 'significantly represented', 'age 300 day', 'snp07 exon', 'validated representation', 'level discovered', 'trait heifer', 'diagnostic test', 'implied polymorphic locus', 'kingpin bornfeb 13th', 'difference taurine', 'qtl breast meat', 'femur length area', 'selected respect', 'available bodyweight', 'g32e conserved functionally', 'length 2630 cm', 'recombination breakpoint analysis', 'sfa respectively', 'pig percentage variance', 'allele varied', 'bta23 included', 'region bone related', 'pedigree information using', 'ul uterine', 'black mashen', 'realistic cross', 'data f2 resource', '50 000', 'kbps region', 'sequence analysis parental', 'general taurus', 'inheritance sheep', 'nr investigated', 'possibility study', 's0008 high informativeness', 'successively included', 'breed objective', '65 sd', 'cattle aimed', 'inverse pcr', 'confirmed following', 'significant statistical relationship', 'qtl detected 17', 'organization formation myeloid', 'bwt 205 adjusted', 'threshold chromosome', 'heterozygous male', '230 bp snp', 'qtl effect nte', 'trait formed', 'progeny 525', 'flock jordan study', 'new major', 'heritable arachidonic acid', 'flavor metabolic index', 'using 856k imputed', 'region overlapped trait', 'available 44', 'gdf9 bone morphogenetic', 'test drop', 'loin primal cut', 'association acsl1 gene', 'estimation variance', 'number piglet born', 'discover region', 'weight egg laid', 'harbouring close qtl', 'a65188c t65444c', 'paternal line hamb', 'gwas thyroid hormone', 'animal set', 'large effect qtls', 'observed age', 'previously associated nematode', 'additional gene bta19', 'sheep identified significant', 'kinase play', 'density prl', 'type 80 vaccinated', 'variation cattle possible', 'separately specie nematode', 'gwas convenient strategy', 'association significant', 'aim detect association', 'similar line hg', 'lowered fat deposition', 'adl328 developed', 'mineralization adipose tissue', 'litter sow', 'predicted associated', 'sd 018 pedigree', 'performed numerous breed', '548 artificial', 'bf gene coding', 'responsible dilution', 'oleic 18', 'pco2 po2', 'echs1 gene', 'crim1 atrn gsdmc', 'using analysis study', 'detected backfat', 'deviation unit', 'cm selected', 'analysis using gene', 'acid concentration highly', 'fat tissue cdna', '28 10 05', 'bft rib eye', 'analysed individually', 'ppargc1a excluded', 'heritabilities polygenic', 'effects qtl', 'transcriptional regulation gene', '350 individual', 'inhibits transcriptional', 'bearing libechov minipig', 'qtl cw cw', 'oar 12', 'wide association growth', 'lr afe heritability', 'indicated tcap', 'ass influence', 'pig experimental animal', 'analyzed separately combined', 'pietrain large', 'family significant linkage', 'association cebpa', 'designed mapping', '50 ssc2 ssc12', 'allele 5990', 'improvement duroc', 'production trait somatic', 'fertility trait snp', 'increased indirect selection', 'white leghorn strain', 'snp gene regulate', 'mbd5 ubr2', '15 snp suggestive', 'respectively contrast using', 'outcome identified validated', 'feed intake 05', 'trps1 006 upregulated', 'excludes linkage', 'marbling cmar score', 'particularly indicated', 'sequence variation imprinted', 'contrast association result', 'motility sperm concentration', 'fat trait', 'considered validated representation', 'permutation used', 'qtl linkage analysis', 'descent coefficient sib', 'box protein transcription', 'variant identified small', 'aca haplotype based', 'respectively furthermore', 'cbs protein genotype', '50k beadchip growth', 'pleiotropic effect fitness', 'test fbat', 'identified kyoto encyclopedia', '09 conclusion', 'pig population examination', 'excellent model', 'best associated', 'significant gain accuracy', 'tropical composite population', 'estimated genomic marker', 'end chromosome sire', '110 126', 'erb b2 receptor', 'quality trait conclusion', 'mir 1657 growth', 'targeted molecular', '19 haplotype effect', '436 genotyped', 'model significant snp', 'important factor osteoporotic', 'molecular marker used', 'rate declining', 'kb retrogene', 'design applied thousand', 'making higher resolution', '15118683c 15118951g significant', 'conclusion knowledge genetic', '241 snp associated', 'marker analysis method', 'lea identified pig', 'ass association carcass', 'chromatography expressed mg', 'tgfbr1 marker pig', 'body length bl', 'objective dairy cattle', 'polymorphism potential causal', 'observed different chromosome', 'pcr amplification sequencing', 'using backcross', 'objective feed consumption', 'weight day', 'anxa9 slc27a3', 'aries region oar', 'current research total', 'culture large number', 'individual locus', 'previously identified microsatellite', 'map limited coverage', 'microsatellite marker spanned', 'growth mechanism impairing', '649 significant snp', 'model strong', 'showed mutation created', '70 84', 'host immune', 'stage egg', 'heifer trait heifer', 'type trait milk', 'response way', 'architecture trait quality', 'method collected muscle', 'odour main compound', 'shed light molecular', 'asp298asn association', 'pathogenesis woman', 'day age respectively', 'selection scheme quality', 'digestive dairy', 'divergently selected lean', 't32742394c t32742468c significantly', 'collected sperm', 'equine oc connect', 'ncapg non smc', 'gene identified present', 'using targeted sequence', 'rs42670352 cckbr2', 'including cell division', 'principal component analysis', 'maternal component', 'analysed data', 'polymorphism combined', 'production male fertility', 'resistance parasite good', 'compared naïve animal', 'potential target artificial', 'previously gtl2', 'evaluation strongly', 'explain variation trait', 'apply method', 'linked feathering gene', 'a455g a497g', 'rt201 susceptible', 'simmental italian holstein', 'sire ranging adjusted', 'produced 497', 'consisting 301 piglet', 'affecting complex', 'fabp3 lipe', 'osteoporosis human', 'hampshire pig commonly', 'haemonchus contortus consecutive', 'grandsires genotyped genome', 'method established step', '238 bp coding', 'measured individual elisa', 'probability method', 'utr utr', 'st kilda', 'useful industry', 'distinguish pleiotropic linked', '020 individual 19', 'casein milk', 'cwt commercial hanwoo', 'danish duroc boar', 'qtl likely located', 'european line addition', 'interval mapping qtl', 'mo genetic region', 'semen volume sperm', 'reduced susceptibility bovine', 'population strongest association', 'chinese indigenous meishan', 'genotype conclusion finding', 'coq9 egfr', 'trait association 66', 'approach identified 72', '14 significantly', 'respectively forced pcr', 'rad51c birc6', '528 amino', 'period overlapping generation', 'tc lower mean', 'parity similarly qtl', 'haplotype tended', 'level discovered linked', 'normalized phenotypic variance', 'development ldha', 'primary porcine adipose', 'ar analysis', 'bwg lower fcr', 'trait detected bta1', 'broiler sire baier', 'bending test torsional', 'protein ligase complex', 'microchromosome 16 strongly', 'protein transacylase', 'genomic region regulating', 'homozygous 1111a', 'osteochondral lesion available', 'pig chromosome 4q', '05 haplo', 'model ridge regression', 'bp indel 48476943_48476946insggc', 'marker analysis performed', 'androstenone validate', 'gene contain significant', 'snp porcine tgfbr1', 'response level opn', 'study aim', 'taken parity', 'hyperpigmentation phenotype', 'shank claw weight', 'effect qtl epr', 'total 6173', '129 microsatellite', 'experiment compared', 'located 29', 'reported relate hematological', 'marker haplotypes conducted', 'dwarf horse', 'microsatellite based genome', 'using line', '01 snp independently', 'determinant variation', 'identical descent', 'marker test', 'taint fertility deleterious', 'imprinting status dlk1', 'significant predictor corticosterone', 'management practice', 'protein angus', 'using local population', 'receptor oxytocin', '05 chromosome', 'weight uterine horn', 'deviation locus localized', '64 microsatellite marker', 'gene bovine reported', 'model cmlm', 'parity canadian ayrshire', 'protein protein', 'rate somatic cell', 'expression genetic', 'resulting missense', 'spectrometry 724 meat', 'corresponding scenario rf', 'detected using ldla', 'day gestation difference', 'scan large', 'androstenone result total', 'fat intramuscular', 'region multiple significant', '39 438', 'ph24h shear force', 'analysis showed locus', 'documented negative', 'identified increased 13', 'variant superior growth', 'greater bw70 lower', 'mapping prkag3', 'estimate 47 95', 'approach dairy', 'model controlling systematic', 'finnish yorkshire', 'dcd pm multiple', 'indicating small notable', 'lw pig cortisol', 'analysis identified', 'explained 49', 'rflp technique', 'region biological function', 'suggested 10 functional', 'disease incidence offspring', 'effect 02 phenotypic', 'rectal temperature gga1', 'parameter confirming', '550 day age', 'subtypes af', 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'recsolids recenergy', '07 intron', 'present sample', '32 respectively proving', 'number 43', 'putative qtls affecting', 'study analysed', 'ability pregnant insemination', 'c14 0064 aimed', 'cow group', 'indicating genetic architecture', 'homological sequence mammal', 'bovine myogenic', 'genetic variance iron', 'individually explained', 'cv identified bull', 'autosome pig meat', 'variant milk yield', 'variant ppard', 'effect investigated', 'bovinesnp50 96 putative', 'region 34 36', '545 genotype relevant', 'total disease', 'conclusion study confirmed', 'region containing positional', 'enduring challenge', 'hmga1 rps10', 'american sheep', 'evidence indicates', 'sheep outbred population', 'missense mutant', 'pig husbandry', 'snp located lap3', 'demonstrate importance', 'construct birth weight', 'assessed reproductive seasonality', 'esr2 snp nominal', 'eltd1 st6galnac3', 'owing selective', 'son obtained', 'day aging', 'controls 571 combination', 'gene evidence quantitative', 'model multi allele', 'architecture understood', 'cd ncccwa population', 'selection program marker', 'sequence variation calpastatin', 'fibre second shearing', 'underlie qtl', '15118774c 15118951g identified', 'effect multivariate analysis', '14 15 23', 'selection cattle trait', '10 26 seven', 'experimental f2 population', 'expressed resistant animal', 'set antigen sge', 'haplotype 11', 'radiographic density mapped', 'udder shape', 'finding identified novel', 'h2 h3 low', 'genotyped using 11', 'immune disease trait', 'study outbreak', 'respectively genetic', 'genetically related holstein', 'pleiotropy suggesting', 'mapping bta01', 'genotyping beadchip order', 'identified consistent', '0001 protein 0007', 'transported commercial', 'characterization genetic variant', 'reach puberty earlier', 'finnsheep mica', 'scoring record', 'meat redness ssc13', 'sheep genotyped 50', 'ultimately reducing', 'snp 252', 'meta analysis based', 'soay sheep', 'fatpc leanpc', 'trait likely', 'sh3gl2 gene appeared', 'array genotype', 'snp direct', 'microsatellites including newly', 'strategy beef', 'detect qtl dominance', 'trait multiple regression', 'record milk yield', 'asian pig studied', 'dissecans hock', '2379c h3 2449g', 'ebv race', 'egg denser bone', 'european prrsv', 'sphingolipid protein coupled', 'significantly enhanced', 'early puberty', 'receptor mediate function', 'oar1 oar3', 'linkage disequilibrium adjacent', 'gene tex11', 'chromosome identified region', 'age greatly', 'selected commercial', 'göttingen miniature male', 'region possible identify', 'lod score genotypic', 'palmitoleic acid', 'nesfatin regulate appetite', 'study genotyped 373', 'proviral concentration genotype', 'wise significance qtl', 'potential gene marker', 'variation uac mac', 'quality control 587', 'protein danish', 'source pig diet', 'function mitogen induced', 'variant sequence data', 'analysis showed cnv', 'positively correlated', 'question applied step', 'fat trait fat', '17 19 cm', 'result confirm previous', 'previously qtl tick', 'production related', 'family phenotype', 'dairy cattle mastitis', 'total 159 genotyped', 'likely qtl position', 'candidate gene locus', 'egwas identified 186', 'identified putative quantitative', '847 snp', 'qtl using additional', 'association il8 haplotype', 'study gwass improve', 'canchim cattle gwas', 'line appear controlled', 'ranged 54', 'block nonsignificant', 'tfn kndc1 i_ra', 'control genotype', 'ccr2 gene previously', 'ssc1 11 12', 'covering 21 chromosome', 'variation farm management', 'female respectively cannon', 'detected novel qtls', 'close qtls', 'im linkage', 'cis 14', 'polymorphism exon regulate', 'effective random selective', 'swine chromosome ssc', 'trait significant associated', 'locus gene regulated', 'member tight', 'region harbouring qtl', 'evaluated 69', 'cow total 750', 'epistatic qtl qtl1', 'previously reported corticosteroid', 'qtl previously reported', 'family detected position', 'black steer', 'variation uac', 'mcp signal provided', 'genetic size', 'world breed', 'possible association', 'pcr restriction fragment', 'gp chromosome white', 'containing fmo1 fmo3', 'improved genetic', 'qtl thoracic vertebral', 'dataset use', 'suggest polymorphism discovered', 'typification carcass', 'cw level significance', '07 04 distance', '17 suggestive linkage', '70 mb bta20', 'horse descended 22', 'site intron', 'snp linked detected', 'showed geographical distance', 'ridge regression analysis', 'npc2 or4d10', 'length divergent artiodactyl', 'statistical power limited', '80 case ocd', 'haplotype 7637 16963', 'descended 22', '210 day', 'c20 monounsaturated fatty', 'variant identified sequenced', 'subcutaneous fat 57', 'promoter muscle specific', 'factor encoding gene', 'large mapping family', 'serve candidate gene', 'genotyped 35 968', 'duroc animal breeding', 'individual gene acting', '15 cm 39', 'plus neighbouring', 'total 633 snp', 'chip order', 'used map', 'activity compared', 'permeability implantation placentation', 'depth mammary', '16 qtl feed', 'trait 54k', 'suggest edg1 snp', 'integrating number', 'stillborn piglet', 'candidate qtl region', 'near vicinity rm188', 'srb grandsires 258', 'tool detection snp', 'variance bw10 bw13', 'previous gwa study', 'intake published study', 'ancestor cattle breed', 'blood chemistry', 'identified family aim', 'heterozygous homozygous mutation', 'qtl detected week', 'interval traced', 'sample horse 917', 'gene serum', 'taint previously', 'using estimate ct', 'fcr inverse', 'change haemonchus', 'exon boundary', 'haired criollo', 'ma study', 'unknown paternal', 'snp immune', 'ndv challenge study', 'interaction network', 'icf range 21', 'following trait derived', 'progeny acop used', 'austria significant', '01 associated', '545 german', 'mature non', 'susceptible chicken line', 'ld granddaughter design', 'test disease', 'modified pattern', 'cause complex vertebral', 'significant porcine', 'egwas performed backcross', 'site used linkage', 'snp encompassed pign', 'management genomic selection', 'improves understanding mucin', 'analyzing validation dataset', 'cap project group', 'region associated feed', 'issue world date', 'region selection commercial', 'expression nr6a1', 'display positional', 'globally snp detected', 'length polymorphism sscp', '44 280 snp', 'carcass population', '538 measured fat', 'ssc8 c16 c16', 'tt gg', 'isu berkshire', 'rate afr', '53 cm allele', 'adiponectin unique', 'effect model', 'age population 421', 'point decipher genetic', 'polymorphism gene', 'provides genomic', 'swine respiratory disease', '14 18 27', 'observation morphological score', 'lipase markedly', 'resolution inflammation', '158 associated', 'chinese native population', 'associated significantly seven', 'measurement biologically', 'function expression gene', 'influenced 07', '313 erhualian sow', 'represents major global', 'differentially expressed gene', 'nelore steer', 'py 14', 'network functional gene', 'fto gene highest', '19 chromosome direct', 'family produced crossing', 'pre post brsv', 'preliminary screening related', 'predictive ability model', 'diabetes economic welfare', 'ovine chromosome 11', 'tissue pasture fed', 'factor underlie body', 'cooking loss ep300', 'chromosomal region previously', 'synthesis tt genotype', 'insight understanding', 'constrained fact', 'adult height', '10 mb significantly', 'marker included', 'validated sf5 cast_101781475', 'replication data set', 'indicate genetic selection', 'body insufficiently', 'breed including 657', 'tomography pqct', '_ldha_79 cm', 'indirect measure resistance', 'ncccwa tlum', 'percent instance', 'predicted feed intake', 'newly reported genetic', 'dpi important gene', 'mapping using', 'effect new', 'qtl af', 'useful selecting', 'effect 550', 'tetraspan subfamily member', '25 trait examined', 'prme horse estimated', 'quality control 319', 'angus red angus', 'including gene cxxc5', 'longevity sow selection', 'meishan cross population', 'oar4 oar11 marker', 'associated tt', 'postulated pleiotropic qtl', 'csf virus', 'entire resource', 'association replicated using', 'different biological', 'revealed presence innate', 'snp inheritance', 'marker 33 pp', 'function determinant', 'adipogenesis gluconeogenesis', 'individually exposed', 'different conclude', 'report strong', 'tc cc association', 'vil1 cxcr1', '72472 genotype cc', 'uoi population detected', 'snp located important', 'greater individual wt', 'marker interval bm2830', 'population analysis single', 'validated qpcr result', 'population spanish churra', 'bmd female noncortical', '681 churra', 'region chromosome 20', 'include 35 individual', 'distal region bta29', 'unclear observed', 'theory thirty', 'absorptiometry 551', 'trichostrongylus spp', 'synonymous substitution nm_213910', 'c3c serum', 'snp current study', 'quantitative difference animal', 'segregation 10', 'indicating trait', 'family subsequently', 'model qtl allelic', 'promoter muscle', 'meat trait animal', 'behaviour performed', '586 atg', '140 pig population', 'alpha acaca gene', 'duroc pig performance', '698 single nucleotide', 'carrier protein transacylase', 'encodes enzyme involved', 'derived foot mouth', 'group result hg', 'regulate rab27a', 'tenderness 05 significant', 'characteristic assessed', 'native japanese cockfighting', 'performed separately cross', 'epistatic interaction meishan', 'hen produced', 'snp overlap conclusion', 'using approach integrated', 'strong association high', 'bms778 01', 'mcmc method required', 'structure population variance', 'reprogen ovine gbrowser', 'acid winter milk', 'phenotype korean holstein', 'methodology repeated', 'dominance inheritance mode', 'region fatness meat', 'kb shared', 'qtl explaining large', 'udder morphology trait', 'using different type', 'mutation segregated', 'involved development bcse', 'study locate region', 'validation study fine', 'retardation anaemia haemorrhagic', 'gensel number', 'blasso analysis', 'fatness trait porcine', 'life proportion phenotypic', 'showed highest', 'snp causal effect', 'qtl total 94', 'locus bta20', 'coat color', '05 protein cent', 'provide basic', 'region hmgcs1', 'eca15 using multipoint', '50 array snps', 'number originated', 'ssc ssc15', 'flight feeder ff', 'region large', 'wide geographical region', 'infected cohort', 'sheep confirmed following', 'describing lactation', 'kg fixed random', 'likelihood interval', 'population lohmann', 'metabolism linked', 'trait reinforced', 'mdv major source', 'gm longissimus thoracis', 'research effort', 'sequence detected additional', 'imbalance cell', 'previous genome wide', 'heritability late expression', 'recorded breeding', 'region pig chromosome', 'wise marker ld', 'shear feather live', 'volume vol', 'landrace duroc molecular', 'intake detected ssc2', 'study validated', 'close proximity suppressor', 'sequence variant association', 'population rest', 'iga perform different', 'early sexual maturation', 'nsb2 parity total', '622c 770c 793g', 'ld 12', 'point suggesting', 'risk mating', 'trait population', 'allele effect differed', 'splice site', 'used revealing qtl', 'age service approach', 'gel shift probe', 'male 733', 'sheep rambouillet polypay', '11 week genome', 'cross silky', 'qtl influencing fertility', 'growth qtl region', 'background prkag3 gene', 'management practice improved', 'udder shape quantitative', 'estimate erhualian', 'important effect growth', 'carcass slaughter result', 'involved oxytocin hydrolysis', 'associated polymorphism serve', 'chimpanzee chicken', 'mainly holstein appreciable', 'horse 525 progeny', 'reproductive disorder including', 'fewer proinflammatory', 'economic trait present', 'software significance contrast', 'used refine genomic', 'complex nature', 'dairy population ldla', 'vaccine completely protect', 'worm burden length', 'dam unaffected calf', 'model using efficient', 'occurred selected line', 'pig expression study', 'wild ancestor red', 'detected snvs associated', 'distal pig', 'acaca gene affect', 'diallel lot', '110 kg slaughtered', 'c34t gdf9', 'hormone immune', 'infection identified using', 'dataset contained', 'receptor corepressor', 'structure study cloned', 'number functional', 'genotype data genome', 'confirmed porcine', 'region corresponding different', '28 influencing variation', 'carrying favorable', 'resistant susceptible individual', 'result suggest application', 'trait egg', '35 56 kg', 'carrying snp', 'significantly associated ovulation', 'ssc6 larger region', 'female pig advanced', 'loss reproductive', 'development energy balance', 'complex disease addition', 'respectively interval', 'essential genetic genomic', 'exclusion false suggestive', 'thigh percentage', '0009 lean', 'researcher generation sufficiently', 'region potential', 'family test including', 'using kegg', 'phenotypic variation finding', 'analysed variant fat', 'used control overall', 'step size', 'tnfrsf11a zcchc2', 'snp14 linkage', 'total absence anotia', 'genotypic allelic effect', '20 set', 'fp located', 'ewe produced 1310', 'measured breed significant', 'number trait bta18', 'estimate fertility study', '465 seq', 'founder expression', 'qtl coincident body', '10 year', 'possible chicken', 'area qtl large', 'ph24 affect', 'phenotype governed element', 'ap transcription', 'weight increased', 'ar score 11', 'gwas approach principal', 'trait investigation', 'female sexual ornament', 'cytoskeleton pathway', 'gyr sire family', 'genomics falkiner memorial', 'yield region chromosome', 'trait included average', 'employ use ige', 'value prediction', 'expressed reproductive', 'model twinning', 'farmer categorical', 'bta29 putative qtl', 'trait clearest', 'behaviour general behaviour', 'model mlm multiple', 'gene 29', 'affecting body weight', 'region facilitate', 'chicken green legged', 'conclude gh1', 'confirming initial', 'mutation mainly family', 'line 990 l990', 'iii harbouring', 'finding showed lr', 'consisted 61 565', 'parameter study trait', 'protein fabp gene', 'score mar quality', 'domestic chicken mapping', 'carrying copy', '05 lean', 'plasma glucose level', 'analysis validated rf', 'chromosome involving nme7', 'hen age remaining', 'agreement qtls', '04 combined dam', 'significantly improving animal', 'ssc13 ssc17', 'collected behavior questionnaire', 'gene responsible economically', 'gene cyp27a1', 'male combined', 'calf pre weaning', 'sa regression', 'tgf β1', 'genetic potential survival', 'locus qtl responsible', 'length 867', 'position qtl gave', 'population age puberty', 'bco2 play role', 'indicine composite cattle', 'eicosapentaenoic acid docosapentaenoic', 'region association included', 'controls 571', 'effect hip width', 'genome ranged', 'muscle fa composition', 'sesamoidales dc navicular', 'case data split', 'novel approach', 'trait vtn showed', 'simulation analysis confirmed', 'herd productivity', 'endangered dsn', 'py ax', 'teat number highlighted', 'snp significant genome', 'holstein friesian bull', 'making snp possible', 'nc_007312 sequence analysis', 'study statistical', 'source non additive', 'identify qtl suggestive', 'fmdv previous', 'tissue seven', 'affecting day open', 'resulted refined qtl', 'teat suggestively', 'horn base circumference', 'csf contagious disease', 'rf importance', 'growth trait average', 'trait 717 chinese', 'gm ssc3', '0053 haplotype', 'farm management', 'percentage located different', 'tissue pde4b1 pde4b3', 'marker locus exception', 'virus objective current', 'related total polyunsaturated', 'dissecans ocd south', 'subsequently used', 'gwas performed nba', 'subsequent economic effect', 'association gwas analysis', 'cla association snp', 'examined biomarkers', 'used genetic evaluation', 'region qtl ovulation', 'erhualian allele', 'breeding improved eggshell', 'coefficient fixed position', 'association observed birth', 'estimate average daily', 'conclusion sequence based', 'estimation long', 'genomic selection based', 'hormone insulin', 'region gene suggested', 'removed genotype quality', '3255 bp downstream', 'variation large white', 'snp exon', 'bmprib bmp15', 'region 20 cm', 'outbreak united state', 'rsnps shown', 'nba 05', 'bred boar mayor', 'ci trans eqtls', 'essential breeding', 'animal welfare trait', 'genotyped 606 006', 'higher mrna level', 'identified 22 unique', 'location association analysis', 'explaining 42', 'important problem', 'substitution analysis uncovered', 'weight ow', 'present quantitative', 'variance later life', 'map qtl larger', 'used genome qtl', 'test hypothesis nesfatin', 'novel qtl revealing', 'wise false discovery', 'imf content 100', 'criterion tested', 'better including additive', 'ngfr gip hoxb3', 'strongly associated thermal', 'target form breeding', 'intensity profile snp', 'pp estimated', 'breeding season average', 'allele greater', 'pco2 glucose', 'hmga2 gene', '81 informative', 'fabp4 gene haplotype', 'adult line', 'cc genotype fcr', 'larger additive variance', 'strongest linkage', 'measured included', 'indicus animal', '50k affymetrix', 'lamb born seven', 'effect additive dominance', 'region relevant defect', 'gradient selective', 'yield fat yield', 'analysis moderate', 'showing lesion half', 'performed imputed genome', 'resistance debilitating', 'debao pony polymorphism', 'oc qtl', 'lamb genotyped candidate', 'borne disease detrimental', 'involving multiple', 'specie worldwide', 'pig breeding', 'trait cwt', 'implies significant', 'effort improve', '19 breed', 'gain highest snp', 'size snp2 heterozygous', '18 46 cm', 'mechanism poorly', 'map locus responsible', 'yellow white controlled', 'pig slaughtered 85', 'pregnancy breeding', 'lactation lower', 'developmental production horned', 'bw 10', 'population canadian', 'snp interaction analysis', 'htr2a lpar6 cab39l', 'offspring generated', 'significant chromosome', '29 cofactor included', 'association variable assessed', 'decreased 97 genotype', 'strategy needed using', 'f1 parent', 'site early day', 'additional qtl previously', 'statistical power significant', 'ph mcp trait', 'bull obtained university', 'anoxia conversion', 'complex disease osteochondrosis', 'effect loin', 'c16 elongation', 'threshold unless stated', 'total body', 'analysis utilized pedigree', 'analysis f2 pig', 'analysis carried spleen', 'measure hatch', 'il2 interleukin', 'knob channel', 'resource population established', 'controlled prp gene', 'vitamin b2', 'susceptibility established method', 'software matinspector revealed', 'functional term', 'morphogenetic protein', 'developed construct haplotype', 'gene confirmed affected', '235 autosomal snp', 'leucocyte number differential', 'porcine chromosome confirmed', 'acid muscle adipose', 'underlying phenotypic', 'analysis practical significance', 'predicted associated tibia', 'polr3h cox15', 'obesity nervous', 'divergent german holstein', '4993 progeny tested', 'length coding sequence', 'multitrait qtl analysis', 'various production', 'associated highest ls', 'compound snp cyp21', 'gdf9 coding', 'study performed german', 'ii diabetes gene', 'acid docosapentaenoic acid', 'revealed low level', 'suggested non', 'annotated gene', 'suggestive level', 'known qtl region', 'animal breed 54', 'carcass length ham', 'day qtl ssc11', '96 population', 'motilin mln candidate', 'hmga1 abcc10', 'ncapg 1326t associated', 'asian pig breed', 'fatness qtl', 'commercial maternal line', 'lean meat weight', 'degree disease evaluated', 'gwas undertaken', 'microsatellite marker large', 'permanent environment', 'influencing exceeded', 'trait fine', 'trait new', 'distribution genotyped', 'active attack piglet', 'juiciness chewiness', 'adhesion second qtl', 'thousand individual secondary', 'study mammalian specie', 'type 5305c', 'autosomal recessive proportionate', 'bta14 gestation', 'ph1 carcass length', 'segregating variant mstn', '50 adjacent', 'locus candidate', 'streptococcus uberis', 'wild boar cross', '96 day', 'reproductive seasonality chose', 'milk content present', 'positional approach 47', 'c4535156t g4533815a snp', 'cluster qtl', 'single point analysis', 'genomic kinship', 'muscularity index using', 'snp oar3 12', 'using primer', 'recent approach combining', 'accounting largest', 'interval bw abdominal', 'demonstrated feasibility applying', '115 virtually nil', 'difficulty qtl stillbirth', 'dst mocs1', 'number genomic region', 'oar1 clean wool', 'genome suggests', 'cluster spanned', 'rsnps significant', 'animal sampled different', 'genetic variant control', 'associated somatic cell', 'known affect', 'conformation measure animal', 'tick burden form', 'unique feature', 'tuberculosis tb', 'tissue explored', 'quality changing mineral', 'horn formation described', 'based pietrain', 'tissue sample', 'investigated zfat', '23 genetic', 'fec costly', 'represented logistic regression', 'original pigment', 'genetic variation form', 'analyzing combined dataset', '493 son estimated', 'consistently identified region', 'exceeding chromosome', 'indicated snp4 snp16', 'week fi1 rfi1', 'able refine', 'number possible effect', 'data consisted', 'es albumen height', 'peap bta14 dgat1', 'year sex', 'substitution 1752816097 exon', 'blup fourteen', 'pigmentation eye bilateral', 'qtl texel sheep', 'potentially related testis', 'ssc8 ssc15 bf', 'production region previously', 'result previous', 'vaccination significant qtl', 'metabolic pathway involved', 'post mortem ph24', 'vaccination year', 'suggesting trait', 'improving resistance paratuberculosis', 'ssc15 linkage disequilibrium', 'complex performance', 'using 57k genomic', 'mapping approach used', '1000 2000', 'month radiographic', 'day ph', 'different population finland', 'adhesion test analyzed', 'enabled dissection fetal', 'human finding', 'marker suggestive significant', 'relationship egg', 'reporter construct using', 'fmo3 polymorphism', 'phenotype unaffected', 'identification id', 'using mastitis', 'significantly associated total', 'degree variation ibk', 'microtia sheep additional', 'epistases qtl significant', 'inner root', 'locus associated feather', 'glu alb', 'important fraction', 'analysis copy', 'different boar heterozygous', 'suggesting single', 'breed luxi', 'hematocrit rectal', 'background delineating genetic', 'reep4 texel sheep', 'rock breed using', 'population compared bos', '2000 kb respectively', 'odds 68 21', 'rfi2 respectively gene', 'significant snp bta8', '53 205', 'carcass trait component', 'immune parameter', 'polymorphism associated milk', 'cross observed bw', 'meat quality carcass', '20 23 27', 'order aa', '489c 1264c', 'bp exon', 'polymorphism underlying complex', 'holstein cattle small', '10 198 bta20', 'chromosome eca 16', 'showed relative mrna', 'observed chromosome 10', 'sib model genome', 'boar reproductive', 'holstein bull result', 'foxp1 activated escs', 'gga26 significant', 'ipn resistance gene', 'correlation milk protein', 'color semimembranosus', 'composition genetic polymorphism', 'connection snp', 'calving 28 body', 'genetic perspective data', 'steer result bonferroni', 'flavin containing mono', 'usmarc resource', 'insight mechanism', 'line birds growth', 'interesting coincidence', 'gene involved digestive', 'effect region', 'explored selection target', 'prnp genotype naturally', 'energy partitioning', '47 respectively accuracy', 'divergent feather pecking', 'ncapg protein candidate', 'composite line selected', 'positional candidate qtl', '38 microsatellite', 'trait vrtn', 'entropion inward', 'selective breeding sheep', '35 significant single', 'adg data consisted', 'nearly half significant', 'obvious candidate gene', 'production trait mastitis', 'egyptian buffalo cattle', 'qtl revealed analysis', '14 autosomal', 'bmcpc overall', '982 genotyped', 'population based', '65 steer', 'published association', 'related trait controlled', 'statistical environment qtscore', '60k chicken', 'snp int11', 'member myadm', 'oar 21 fwec', 'bos taurus bt', 'low expression', 'acid winter', 'upregulated day', 'resistance dominance effect', 'decade genetic disorder', 'model study identified', 'chromosome qtl study', '46 dj', 'lipid aim performed', 'mutation creating destroying', 'resistance study', 'chromosome 14 affect', 'mastitis caused intramammary', 'ssc4 region potentially', 'fitness trait', 'program present study', '05 detected family', 'trait chromosomal region', '50 cm chromosomal', 'korea total', 'thickness egg taste', 'incubation period polymorphism', 'performed fp', 'encoding alpha', '152 italian brown', 'market carotene major', 'growth regulation dlk1', 'mb ssc8 strongest', 'purebred population effective', 'coding exon untranslated', 'subunit gene exon', '141 crossbred', 'expression milk', 'chromosome 16q21 1878', 'requirement lack', 'total 865', 'enzyme mainly glucose', 'dual luciferase reporter', 'lipogenesis catalyzes', 'region affect', 'result potentially', 'production skin', 'window common trait', 'ct tt 25', 'deposition pig make', 'generated founder', 'segregating purebred duroc', 'chromosome 14 lastly', 'cattle recorded', 'chromosome ssc3', 'dna sequencing seven', 'bta13 bta14 promising', '113 twhs selected', 'genotyping panel korean', 'successful pregnancy', 'produced factor number', 'bull extreme', 'background ketosis', 'using texel', 'calving ease carcass', 'nerve growth factor', 'yield 30', 'salami lard fatty', 'altered bmp15 signaling', 'snp gene cspp1', 'mufa saturated fatty', 'state substituted german', 'holstein population highly', 'distinguishing visual character', 'different cattle management', 'pmm2 tbc1d24 significant', 'fabp candidate', 'chinese european', 'polypeptide high', 'relevance including cyp1a2', 'gga12 15 intramuscular', 'set consistent use', 'pork unveil', 'fresh dry', 'marker haplotype identified', 'concern country', 'locus gene', 'run using emmax', 'lep lgb', 'estimated 20 lamb', 'human mouse evidence', 'selective dna pooling', 'bta13 bta18', 'insulin cow', 'affect target', 'locus comparison porcine', 'fat 05', 'rock background produced', 'near elovl3 gene', 'air k232a polymorphism', 'pig sired 17', 'specific immune response', 'counted separately specie', 'genomics falkiner', 'h7n3 sample located', 'dfiadj albeit age', 'gene associated meat', 'expression measured follicle', 'disease resistance immune', 'snp altered', 'boundary proximal', 'placed linkage map', 'beadchip tested', 'imputation population used', 'snp 31224g 31266t', 'spanned chromosomal region', 'selection genotype', 'intron gene fabp', 'simple approach', '7c mir', 'total leg score', 'allele lysine', 'known difference mt', 'decreased distance marker', 'teat max', 'association 05 etec', 'bta2 bta6 bta14', 'regarding biological mechanism', 'mutation c522t bpi', 'prevent breeding', 'fertile increased', 'particular snp', 'cause substantial', 'followed complementary genetic', 'trait value', 'region way 771a', 'qtl lean fat', 'sc significant effect', 'lipid biosynthetic process', 'autosome using microsatellite', 'determining primary', 'af broiler fayoumi', 'multidimensional scaling component', '20 month animal', 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mutation', 'infection methodology principal', 'applied line cross', 'detected breed gwas', 'autosome effect ranged', 'gene fluorescence situ', 'genomic level marker', 'result segregation analysis', 'nematode challenge', 'people adolescent', 'context genome', 'spp1 proinflammatory il6', 'finding suggest fabp4g', 'mechanism underlying growth', 'assembly qtl milk', 'gene relative', 'including gene', 'marker analysis report', 'cfd explained', 'showed trait polygenic', 'new qtl', 'duroc boar genome', 'dam resulting 1180', 'ssc3 ssc4 ssc6', '699 aa', 'role host', '2004 pig diverse', '159 affect', 'rs42404006 rs42303720 significantly', '299 sib family', 'genotyping parent offspring', '13 locus', 'associated dcd pm', 'adequate protection', 'study identify rs339939442', 'prevalent wild', 'associated additional', 'type iib ssc2', 'hematocrit plasma coloration', 'called meml mixed', 'broiler line using', 'population stratification relatedness', 'associated clearance maternally', 'mature mir furthermore', 'position highest', '3k snp chip', '119 cm juiciness', 'qtl direct genetic', 'revealed 10', 'effect fixed', 'additional marker trait', 'gene birth weight', 'near vicinity', 'haplotype effect qtl', 'susceptibility salmonella abortusovis', 'fatty acid percentage', 'detection regional effect', 'level nominal', 'region explain 44', 'reproductive longevity genome', 'affect fn', 'fat content criticized', 'heifer genotype', 'sequence producing mature', 'generation swine family', 'tissue conclusion previous', 'generally poor 2009', 'imf content backfat', 'identified signature', 'mixed model lm', 'sire parent genotyped', '53 58 mb', 'effect rfi 05', 'different type trait', 'evaluation model', 'population wide linkage', 'qtl exclusion false', '02 associated 009', 'mrna fat', 'lean meat content', 'related cattle tick', 'genotyping cost', 'legislation absence licensed', 'map backcross family', 'validation large independent', 'gain identified snp', 'genotype showed perfect', 'dressed carcass', 'haplotype reconstructed snp', 'inherited monogenic trait', 'term single', 'white 100', 'help detect locus', 'informative microsatellites commercial', 'weight human', 'simultaneous change physiological', 'observed phenotype mapped', 'miga2 cry2 npas2', 'located identified', 'paired box protein', 'genome linkage analysis', 'final backward selected', 'population include 1599', 'reproductive performance farm', 'annotation showed hoxa11', 'contribute variation', 'bead chip association', 'linkage versus', 'rs109162116 bta6', 'serpina1 cnvr showed', 'trait allele mc1r', 'future value', 'associated egg', 'calving crc angularity', 'genome sequence information', 'porcine cmya1', '92 08 csn3', 'evidence validates', 'evaluated snp variable', 'map copy', 'poultry industry genetic', 'product man2b2', 'variation ovine capn3', 'aged 24 month', 'variance population', 'bta14 bta23', 'milk composition persistency', 'rate 423 number', 'total 131 daughter', 'nba number stillborn', 'mb 591', 'bovine johne', 'inflation factor', 'qtl affecting reproduction', 'analysed multiple', 'redness yellowness respectively', 'genotype cc marbling', 'protein mrna', 'vrtn gene known', 'coccidia foc', '159 genotyped individual', '2192c val', '45 tfs', 'linkage disequilibrium causative', 'pork production gilt', 'beadchip conduct', 'chromosome chest', 'control complex disease', 'candidate cw', '54 tentatively', 'trait swine', 'charolais crossbred cattle', 'duroc population selected', 'allow identification phenotype', 'array gave accuracy', 'qtl antibody', 'received little attention', 'strong evidence association', 'leghorn line named', 'nos2 covering', 'showing association trait', '51 microsatellite marker', 'scan pair', 'identity distance breed', 'yield present', '110 member fam110b', 'qtl affect calving', 'cm proximal qtl', 'control horse', 'bf fat', '305 day milk', 'suggest polymorphism porcine', 'lead metabolic acidosis', 'genome chromosome', 'epl score disease', 'mutation alter', '13 05 qtl', 'cause morbidity', 'chromosome gga1 gga2', 'similarity finding reported', 'adiposity growing pig', 'phenotypic record regressed', '05 afe', 'pig detected', 'family totaling 927', '10 15 affected', 'metabolism affect homeostasis', 'cxxc4 maml2', '71 parent', 'provide cue', '03 possibly associated', 'trait variation differs', 'evident pig', 'egg production 300', 'bonferroni 05', 'known function immune', 'marker 18 btas', 'curd cycurd', 'fastmremma integrative sure', 'gga_rs14554319 gga_rs13593979', 'prediction value', 'gestation ovary weight', 'using copy number', 'effect different', 'study dataset', 'video image analysis', 'concentration genotype 0001', 'igga iggb eca', 'regulate anti', 'highest ranking snp', 'gene apart', 'snp chip panel', 'significance experimental', 'exon weight', 'furthering understanding mechanism', 'activation complement lectin', 'variance accounted total', 'cattle breed association', 'growth hormone gh', 'study using 312', 'gene selection dairy', 'genotype phenotype involving', '18 protein', 'melanoma gene', 'healing activity kosher', 'defined cow fitness', 'multibreed gwas valuable', 'region explain large', 'boar ancestor', 'gene including edn3', 'plin1 chromosome 10', 'igg subclass influenced', 'impact marginal', 'study roan', 'subunit prkag2', 'present analysis', 'naturally artificially', 'beta1 tgf', 'chicken knowledge', 'edg1 gene involved', 'afc associated', 'contains region explaining', 'change wide', 'nature racing', 'endothelial cell precursor', 'fat content pp', 'polymorphism snp pnominal', 'trait study needed', 'suis pig', 'sequence alignment', 'derived regulator forkhead', 'area ssc1 conclusion', 'selected autosomal qtl', '12 locus region', 'disease permit', 'oar fwec', 'holstein ih', 'beadchip resulting', 'prior selection commercial', 'trend positive parity', 'sow progeny large', 'mapped 18', 'variability underlying', 'influence technological', 'productivity economy', 'residing near', '5305c affect', 'trait contemporary holstein', 'underlying genetics', '363 fleckvieh 812', 'success current study', 'vaccination viral load', 'enzyme role pathology', 'individual genomic', 'mendelian expression identified', '130delinsttatctctatagtagtt noriker sample', 'accuracy compared', 'milk production fat', 'serine threonine', 'intermediate measurement', 'used model specie', 'imputation used quality', 'genotype modified', 'association evidenced', 'qtl effect fitted', 'suggests role', 'enhanced genetic', '491 ai', 'piglet phenotype', 'value result demonstrate', 'dystocia direct', 'immune capability domestic', 'eyelid abnormality occurring', 'increased age', 'body wfe body', 'characterizing infection', 'fasting 05', 'comprehensive cnv study', 'mg na citrate', 'spanish colonization', 'trait carried div2', 'il10_prrsv repulsion', 'previously described associated', 'transcription gene', '12 subclinical', 'value ebv tnb', 'property enhance', 'horse horse owner', 'model data 255', 'capability tbg detected', 'imprinted gene important', '100 microsatellite marker', 'animal elucidate', 'significant effect mutation', 'mainly ovulation', 'quality trait mqts', 'determine validity', 'location approximately 210', 'region fat percentage', 'angus 296 multibreed', 'domestic cattle enabling', 'gene considered pl', 'genomic regulation chemical', 'heritabilities ibdv mdv', 'interaction mechanism', 'factor anxious', 'dataset snp', 'age correlation', 'leghorn red junglefowl', 'observed haplotype', 'pp milk', 'group sla', 'polymorphism lpl gene', 'snp2 chr 16', 'subunit alpha gene', 'gwas difference', 'herd 545', 'mbl1 expressed', 'ssc4 ssc14 colour', 'frequency myog', 'fasn ppargc1a snp', 'leading cause morbidity', 'number sick cow', 'ssc14 androstenone ssc5', 'qtl single analysis', 'exposed mixed nematode', 'effect bft', 'polymorphism bovine pgf', 'analysis pig', 'grass mineralized', 'huiyang bearded chicken', 'genomic ebv', 'expression decreased', 'chain acyl coa', '80 genome analysed', 'unknown breed', 'receptor gene previously', '18 274', 'association furthermore', 'aim identify hepatic', 'muscle order', 'kingdom population comprised', 'role skin homeostasis', 'livestock contributes understanding', 'candidate gene ifc', 'red earlobe', 'difficulty obtaining', 'growth limited', 'immunization overall study', 'interval mapping sib', '55 chromosome', '881 single', 'excluded polymorphism possibly', 'classification typification carcass', 'explain combination', 'calculate independent variable', 'composite subtraits validate', 'relatively simple', 'nonreturn rate interval', 'genomic region influenced', 'cd age calving', 'gene selected feed', 'located bta19 fasn', 'separately statistical analysis', 'result total 10', 'snp showed increase', 'gene eye', 'significant fst genome', 'additive allele substitution', 'synthesized mammalian small', 'needed understand', 'routine german', '18 274 animal', 'h3 associated decrease', 'fertility 95 confidence', 'meat meat quality', 'support implementation', 'ros0025 marker', 'red maasai breed', 'signal showing', 'allele frequency zebu', 'drd3 drd4', 'igf1 gene confirm', 'seemingly unrelated phenotypic', 'background western world', 'bone medium', 'ratio 455', 'weight protein lipid', 'centromeric region porcine', '98e 06 fecx', 'microsatellite marker 27', 'ancient sacrificial', 'second outbreak 100', 'complex term enrichment', 'design furthermore significant', 'pathway end', 'marker single nucleotide', 'feature linear mixed', 'suggestive qtl bta2', 'strong pair', 'microsatellites evenly', 'life proportion', 'value present', 'ram non dairy', 'muscle analysis performed', 'sexual maturity khorasan', 'trait analyzed square', 'influenced lean', 'production large', 'despite evidence', 'significant qtl protein', 's1_at candidacy trait', 'component pregnancy rate', 'variant influence meat', '18 436', 'breed reared', 'implemented existing breeding', 'sample example haplotype', 'fm hm', 'csrp1 csrp2', 'qtl number vertebra', 'indicated rs339939442 ahr', 'study osteochondrosis', 'susceptible selection line', 'indicate bta29', 'fcr opposite', '05 vasopressin', 'case normal', 'number cn', 'marker developed gene', 'specific haplotype pattern', 'internal organ weight', 'genotype 0001', 'data set 101', 'identify gene possible', 'coefficient variation cv', 'reproduction heterozygote chosen', 'beef cattle 1492', 'gene distance 250', 'year pwsy', 'yorkshire dly', 'strongly associated candidate', '86 corresponding', 'trait result present', 'significant stallion', 'founder breed following', 'redness yellowness myoglobin', 'associated nematode', 'identify metabolic', 'bb allele', 'mb includes', 'result gene based', 'consider continuous', 'locus appeared additive', 'sex chromosome data', 'hormone conclusion identification', '212 bull', 'variation resistance cattle', 'adaptability nelore', 'defect porcine', 'maternal polar overdominance', 'important trait investigated', 'ii linked qtls', 'mcse3f14 umnp1218', 'prkag3 gene', 'remains global challenge', 'background bovine milk', 'association analysis meat', 'non spotted', 'marker coverage', 'fat percentage performed', 'domain class', 'diplotype associated higher', 'effect promoter mutation', 'insight genetic difference', 'report panel', 'rs13687128 rs13905622 significant', 'account 64 total', 'hypothesis major', 'gwa analysis animal', 'crossing divergent', 'progeny large white', 'nematode cause morbidity', 'association ld', 'lower age 110', '370 number stillborn', 'effect individual family', 'identified laiwu', 'nematodirus spp egg', 'current usda usmarc', 'category pathway', 'duroc landrace large', 'ibd mapping breed', 'multiple testing significant', 'statistical inference', 'investigated german', 'possible involvement gene', 'showed single amino', 'analyzed previously described', 'selection shaping genome', 'gwas total', 'suggestive difference', 'scrapie resistance', 'mutation suggests', 'cost dairy', 'tailed hair', 'potential ssc1 total', 'measured residual', 'calving trait cattle', 'distribution used gwas', 'female comb mass', 'catecholaminergic serotonergic', 'region detected hdl', 'suggests allele 80', 'udder health comparison', 'statistical false', 'clearly result', 'discovery dataset', 'slow growing native', 'requirement needed', 'snp hmga1 abcc10', 'slco4c1 taken', 'weight wwt 405', 'hematological trait generation', '716 sire genotyped', 'reflects immune', 'linkage group total', 'associated survival', 'association analysis validated', 'significant suggestive identified', 'association study holstein', 'yorkshire population 247', 'ankyrin promoter', 'response level', 'significant association map', 'simple deterministic', 'including microsatellite', 'joint intragenic', 'osteopontin opn peroxisome', 'prediction blup model', 'site mitf gene', 'showed substitution', 'value suggesting', 'study causal mutation', 'binding bta', 'genetic diversity mhc', 'region exon untranslated', 'studied large', 'copy lm', 'mstn 435g', 'artificial selection signature', 'kg le rib', 'vs qtl analysis', 'genotyped larger', 'improved resistance', 'inbred chicken', 'population major quantitative', 'harbor scd gene', 'calving difficulty based', 'gene elovl6 fabp4', 'scan f1', 'rft marb montana', '19 26 carried', 'allele inherited line', 'aim identifying marker', 'derived using routine', 'yielded qtl', 'order muscling growth', 'finding immediate', 'born alive piglets', 'bta19 bta22 lactation', 'chip genome', 'brain neurochemical involved', 'frequent haplotype subsequently', 'haplotype chromosome', 'threshold 10 usp32', 'sexual maturation variety', 'cfu map tissue', 'affecting direct', 'trait considered', 'heritability phenotype using', 'tested larger group', 'fatness ptgis idh3b', 'gene upregulation nudt7', 'information useful dissecting', 'growth 10', 'chromosome total 21', 'shown mutation associated', 'architecture trait pig', '627aa described', 'follow study gwas', 'qtl sex', 'cw identified', 'conclusion study indicated', 'ultrasound scanning slaughter', 'test wide', 'allowed identification snp', 'variant underlies qtl', 'infection inflammation', 'identified 15 unique', 'meat quality measured', '36 significant marker', 'population lacking', 'provide human health', '22 24 cross', 'difference resistance', 'overrepresentation test', 'showed value objective', 'qtl similar', 'gene study provided', 'belongs group gene', 'acer3 itgb4', 'involved variation', 'meg3 gene conserved', 'ssc13 ssc15 detected', 'widely conserved', 'metabolic pathway insulin', 'young chick', 'population distinguish', 'process early termination', 'ability related trait', 'mechanism underlying polyceraty', 'wog weight half', 'semi membranosus', 'illumina porcinesnp60k beadchip', '423 individual different', 'study imprinted gene', 'suggested del2634c polymorphism', 'greatly fasting', 'suggest snp significantly', 'public linkage map', '36 61 male', 'using rna22 rnahybrid', 'genomic location qtl', 'showed 38', 'chinese dairy', 'suggest role', '37 phenotypic variance', '10153g 10213t', 'genetic variability genetically', 'inclusion gene', 'overlapping confidence', 'chromosome effect marker', 'reported mc4r', 'selected quality control', 'gwas analysis using', 'specifically jersey', 'functional effect qtl', 'covering 26', '159 large', '46 genetic mechanism', 'sequence primary mir', 'fshr potential marker', 'genetics 01 cecum', 'conclude fabp', 'analysis btb', 'furthermore snp', 'onset puberty phenotype', 'chicken candidate', 'gilt observed age', 'holstein analyzed', 'share 92 identity', 'cellular process lead', 'higher fat content', 'population transcript significantly', 'background teat number', 'synthase tested', 'adult hen', 'located ssc12', 'model dmu', 'tissue clustering', 'exon significantly', 'variation obtained', 'strength laying', 'region haplotype', 'family genotype', 'region bovine scd', 'substitution 1752816085 exon', 'ranged 34', '36 single nucleotide', 'known milk lg', 'dq affected body', 'region 19', 'protein yield bta7', 'challenge beef industry', 'interval 12 84', 'conformation trait breeding', 'imf detected provided', 'b2 receptor tyrosine', 'deposited adipose', 'white lw pig', 'receptor gene second', 'region 21', 'concentration indicated genetic', 'udder health dairy', 'maturity significantly', 'effect fat yield', 'population landrace pig', 'snp gene', 'location detected', 'trait deviation', 'yield deviation corrected', 'cluster znf192 zscan16', 'association 05 additive', 'qtl analysis total', 'horse quarter', '10 reproductive', 'lean meat deposition', 'beadchip according', 'cell msc tt', 'mbl1 expressed lung', 'qtl affecting lameness', 'response straightforward aim', 'utt backcrosses line', 'fak pak prediction', 'map3k5 hcn1', 'varying qtl', 'testing statistical', 'progeny tested male', 'mode expression empirical', 'allele varied 044', 'strategy using mainly', 'snp assay spanning', 'candidate gene distance', 'mainly coding plasma', 'analyzed snp association', 'clearance maternal', 'ocd 42 002', 'genetic mapping', 'dilution different', 'located 17 bovine', 'gamma subunit', 'resistance varies breed', 'constructed crossing', 'rate low', 'different analysis yielded', 'approach enlarged', 'qtl assist search', 'size accurate phenotypic', 'prkag3 unknown aa', 'included total ct', 'determine increased beef', 'fat deposition qtl', 'reproductive efficiency human', 'percentage feed', 'hypothalamic function', 'individual analyzed genome', 'meat quality tenderness', 'parameter productive animal', 'reported trait', 'capacity development', 'approximately 15 additive', 'independent confirmation', 'showed significant genome', 'week 10 11', 'animal genotyped 21', 'determination stimulating brown', 'dominant component analysed', 'informative single nucleotide', 'conditional genome', 'component fetal', 'map disease', 'mt involved', 'intron gnas gene', 'tumor bearing', 'furthermore comparative', 'tt respectively', 'sequence analysis revealed', 'disequilibrium combined linkage', 'confirmed trait', 'moderate 01 43', '50 genetic', 'aggressive behavior conclusion', 'cc 01 fat', 'detected 112 qtls', 'inverted teat considerable', 'zinc finger gli2', 'marker covering 31', 'approach bayesb bayesc', 'gdf9 coding region', 'test combining', 'haplotype carrying snp', 'genotype concluded', 'oar12 snp', 'marker alternative approach', 'report eqtls', 'basis test hypothesis', 'bm415 chromosome', 'prox2 fo', 'variable debvs', 'verified using interval', 'definition map phenotype', 'multigenic trait identify', 'sheep selected fe', 'parity ratio', 'rerio genome', 'window analyzed', 'polygenic basis adaptive', 'bioinformatics pipeline gatk', 'mediating negative effect', 'marker genotyped 954', 'associated ldl', 'enabled estimate heritability', 'genomic selection formula', 'overlap reported', 'resistance suis pig', 'depend smaller', 'trait different lactation', 'detected different cancer', 'developed 50', 'performed 331', 'genetic genomic', 'sw1856 pig chromosome', 'characterization genetic', 'ranged exon', 'formation described literature', 'old animal', 'rfi development biomarkers', 'e3b encoding', 'genetic variety', 'time developmental growth', '10 false discovery', '288 recorded f2', 'affected endosteal circumference', 'chip snp selected', 'chromosome sw1856', 'common haplotype carry', 'control line high', 'significant association mir133b', 'gentile breed respectively', 'subcutaneous fat inter', 'cross analysed separately', 'cross association confirmed', 'pbm chicken', 'analyzed transmission', 'gene expression observed', 'involved biologically', 'fetlock joint genome', 'cell inducing', 'chicken progeny', 'pig commercial pig', '450 animal', 'calf gestation length', 'antigen processing presentation', 'used 05 result', 'inhibits transcriptional activity', 'known gene late', 'xianan crossbreed', 'cis 18', 'affecting sc common', 'significantly associated aggression', 'phosphodiesterase 4b', '20 wk lamb', 'infection mycobacterium', 'mapped potential application', 'associated protein family', 'sequencing method population', 'analysis carried test', 'mapping chromosome bta', 'skeletal muscle 17', 'multi qtl approach', '21 showed', 'hidden dependence structure', 'lw androstenone 52', 'locus horn', 'wild homozygous type', 'putative target', 'genetic control strategy', 'pta birth weight', 'using interval mapping', 'affected locus study', 'combined effect multiple', 'analysis individual chromosome', 'comparison revealed single', 'accuracy selected', 'qtl skeletal', 'genetic control fat', 'significant qtls shank', '35 individual', 'test performed using', 'minor effect order', 'encoding interleukin receptor', 'population cattle', 'locus conclusion characterized', 'map position considerably', 'marker unrelated', 'partially explained', '14 predominant accounted', 'lod 78', 'ryr1 gene production', 'study production trait', 'bmts mqts 531', 'trait observed earlier', 'density noncortical bone', 'relationship ornament', 'gga15 identified candidate', 'near csrm60 bovine', 'glycogen breakdown', 'gene breed', 'drip loss heat', 'mutation additive effect', '38 257 758', 'association explained 92', 'separation family', 'model performed snp', 'heritable 73 polyunsaturated', 'sire obtained disease', 'litter size single', 'wound healing', 'correlation heritabilities united', 'native cattle', 'constraint small', 'dispersion staple length', 'ovulation rate age', 'indicating trait genetically', 'shank girth', 'parity litter genetic', 'cow dairy farm', 'broiler sire derived', 'commercial dissection', 'level abhd5', 'affecting yield', 'acid unsaturation', 'plus dominance', 'smaller genetic', 'twinning estimated single', 'usyd edu au', 'resource family confirmed', 'higher aa', 'identified new', 'model linear analysis', 'na mg', 'polled horned', 'silico analysis 313', 'analysis breed', 'ltnp increased 10', 'le detectable', 'ppp3ca gene influence', 'nesfatin pig affect', 'blood biochemical analysis', 'using 42', 'autosome bos', 'influencing udder morphology', 'ear size erectness', 'expression regulate', 'confirmed ssc13 position', 'fn298674 90t play', '46 respectively outside', 'needed detect gene', 'strategy suggestive', 'aspergillus fumigatus', 'pig born litter', 'growing slow', 'use different linkage', 'base excess hco3', 'competence applicable selective', 'valuable prior', 'cmya1 gene associated', 'selection 435 447a', 'variant imputed 21', 'boundary linked', 'testing nba identified', 'pig 1018', 'polymorphism porcine mbl2', 'advance management', 'qtl oar1', 'chonbuk province', 'linked gene important', 'evaluated putative positional', 'data suggest allelic', 'control genomic best', 'trait revealed qinchuan', 'imputed variant', 'chicken originating', 'showed evidence 05', 'thickness finding', 'trait values ranging', 'affecting leg muscle', 'milk important human', 'report detection qtl', 'improved accuracy', 'experiment wide level', '525 240 observation', 'promoter region bovine', 'related ibk', 'chromosome 13 fore', 'german holstein friesian', 'utilized pedigree based', 'evidence genetic control', 'mt fewer candidate', '61 qtl trait', 'heat dissipation bird', 'inherited monogenic', 'spi2 serpina1 cnvr', 'gene including linked', 'involvement earlier', 'trait relatively', 'population snp complete', 'higher sc genotype', '50k genotype', 'chicken breeding identify', 'behavior emotional reactivity', 'british commercial flock', 'gene associated daily', 'general locus', '10 11 large', 'analysis study date', 'allele determines black', 'analysed association', 'common parent method', 'development marker test', 'associated body', 'bovine gdf5', 'bta4 replicated', 'measured phenotype trait', 'protein nesp55 resulting', 'deviation test day', 'prior assigned', 'unfavorable relationship lr', 'gene functionally', 'phenotyped individual 44', 'mfge8 ghrl2', 'perform association', 'pax3 mitf gene', '243a dq124298 344a', 'boar taint fat', 'data gave', 'addition eighteen', 'genomic region equine', 'outbreak respectively', 'specialized permutation strategy', 'qtl using genotype', 'compared association', 'conducted 16 selected', 'substantial variation', 'analysis using new', 'bta26 largest concentration', 'analysis performed commercial', 'milk fat pasture', 'virtually nil', 'contributes variation', 'semen trait holstein', 'new marker linkage', 'uncover cluster', '10 chromosome 12', 'production semen', 'chromosome 14 population', 'employing panel', 'partially recessive', 'equine podotrochlea study', 'regression analysis revealed', '1387c lep 1723a', 'crossing outbred broiler', 'interval chromosome 22', 'finding bta7', 'trait extreme', 'il8 h2', 'oar6 overlapped highly', 'stage sum significant', 'stearic palmitoleic', 'trait additional allele', 'comb size', 'numerous gene', 'significant snp relative', 'mapped small interval', 'motility thawed sperm', 'nematode parasite', 'rainbow trout', 'autosome including', 'selection robust animal', 'drug transporter playing', 'test lamb', 'polymorphism snp pde1b', 'bowel disease', 'region explained genomic', 'ultimate ph despite', '129 47', 'effect swine growth', '25 higher toughness', 'milk protein casein', 'thyroxine t4 chinese', 'flock threatens', 'chromosome reported previously', 'ryanodine receptor ryr1', 'arf5 associated', 'encoding major', 'line revealed', 'growth pair wise', 'probability method significant', 'lacking study aimed', 'melanoma using', 'cm downstream', 'qtl region containing', 'survival measured', 'resource allocation pattern', 'adding 10 15', 'qtl horse chromosome', 'rest genome little', 'genotype gave', 'detected large white', 'romane lamb', 'rambouillet flock refine', 'tenderness detected illinois', 'throughput chip', 'condition mortality juvenile', 'pleurisy additional 11', 'chromosome 83 mb', 'estimate score compared', 'location 20', 'mln candidate gene', '10 mendelian qtl', 'genetic architecture salmonella', 'map qtl data', '108 711', 'burden dairy beef', '527 male', 'step method', '932 ldl concentration', 'chromosome using qtl', 'variation exon gamma', 'based large', 'selective neutrality', '7192 significant deviation', 'candidate region body', 'dyd originating', 'ssc4 region including', 'horse total', 'showed significant parent', 'variability horn', 'program improving yolk', 'human spi2', 'measured animal august', 'intermediate ridge', 'architecture weight', 'population pietrain crossbred', 'signal provided additional', 'performed snp significant', 'method identify snp', 'shortage hco lead', 'hgb respectively snp', 'solid basis', 'infection oar', 'identified addition rxfp2', 'cross regression half', 'polymorphism studied maml3', 'gene trait finding', 'gga1 feed efficiency', 'platelet volume platelet', 'genomic prediction accuracy', 'high 55', 'showed fecbb', 'wool play essential', 'located bta5', 'reproduction including', 'rate live weight', 'adult sheep analyzed', 'causality 2228t snp', 'score 129 47', 'catfish blue', 'nucb2 similar subcutaneous', 'quantitative computerized tomography', 'unlinked snp', 'resistance influenced gene', 'increased notably homozygous', '46 21', 'including mould', 'result study investigated', 'cxcl6 cxcl8', 'gwas larger number', 'total 865 single', 'variability underlying trait', 'lect2 bl', 'pooling design correction', 'group complex subunit', 'lactoglobulin protein variant', 'qtl loin', 'connection variation', 'conclusion present previous', 'present region identified', 'red junglefowl white', 'trait information epistasis', 'expression protein function', 'fat trait heritabilities', 'procedure collecting milk', 'diameter 05 shank', 'season year', 'snp 268', 'gene contribute qtl', 'breed meat texture', 'ld identified snp', 'responsible abnormal behavior', 'dead nbd', 'ssc6 sscx conductivity', 'case univariate', 'analysed trait number', 'extract shown', 'length qtl ssc2', 'selection meat', 'analysis identified 23', 'intron snp', 'pelvic breadth', 'produced crossing göttingen', '088 115 virtually', 'genotype substantial', 'cattle uk trait', 'negative prrsv farm', 'cattle effect genotype', 'qtl consistent breed', 'gene 443 snp', 'genotype influence', 'laying record 21', 'scale population resequencing', 'chicken associated economic', 'chromosome included common', 'including novel linkage', 'leanpc nearby', 'effect intramuscular fat', 'region analysed gene', 'tool allowed', 'qtl result genome', 'qtn comparison', 'alpha serine', 'narrowed mb', 'snv chr', 'cross model combined', 'fat average', 'age respectively seven', 'cell count', 'suggest cd46', 'conclusion akr1c genotype', 'kinase signaling', 'estimating relevant', 'allele eaat2 233g', 'node signaling pathway', '20 21 22', 'fkbp6 mutation perform', 'mode growth', 'approach genomic heritability', 'pathogen excessive', 'mastitis cm qtl', 'including genetic composition', 'ca level blood', 'disease resistance additional', 'immunity involved esc', 'ny blood', 'cow resistance map', 'identify cnv', 'region major effect', 'evaluated polymerase chain', 'strongest signal detected', 'unknown investigated polymorphism', 'approach 47', '746 bp', 'occur ranging mild', 'trait based', 'tmx4 replicated', 'famt define', 'snp 793g 919g', 'meq comparison', 'proposed influence', 'primarily regulating', 'cla va', 'common brown', 'coincident body weight', '820 meat type', 'level association significant', 'provide basis efficient', '18 region', 'non production related', 'qtl suggest complex', 'landrace italian duroc', 'observe clear', 'design 10 german', 'genotyped 954', 'consideration improving', 'family location week', 'withers height cannon', '36 37 mb', 'biec2 808543 located', 'concentration yielded molecular', 'qtl hock oc', 'meat product', 'used pseudo phenotypes', 'indicated strong linear', 'region salmonid preferential', 'qtl identified time', 'identification phenotypic', 'prolificacy performance', 'snp close dgat1', '779 individual', '3290c thr1097asp', 'strikingly flock', 'involuntary culling', '24 qtl longissimus', 'reported pig imf', 'unclear aim', 'leptin concentration', 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family', 'measurement resulted improved', 'aim study aim', 'snp mapped distal', 'suggests gr', 'thirty marker average', 'beadchip bayesian', 'haplotype approximately', 'feather pecking mapping', 'counted suggesting qtl', 'map joint', 'rs319678464g rs330427832c myh3_rs81437544t', 'needed elucidate role', 'measurement fertility', 'wide level significant', 'difference effect', 'variant contributes genetic', 'chromosome close growth', 'pedf slco1b3', 'selection simultaneous', 'serum measured', '2e 05 conclusion', 'coverage rate', 'grandsires used', 'gene valuable information', 'overlap previously', 'single trait random', 'concerning trait drawn', 'acid transport protein', 'ma improve performance', 'prnp qtl', 'behavioural index swine', 'significant region bos', 'marker genotyping', 'tep lean', 'rec measure', 'ability phenotype', 'model tackling complexity', 'stillbirth calf size', 'associated androstenone concentration', 'detected l1 tdt', 'ear surface', 'indicates snp', 'likely play 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'380 coding snvs', '19nuig sire 93', 'condition provide', 'exon nr6a1', 'ubiquitination factor', '16 466', 'wise genetic', 'snp rs43032684 chromosome', 'various growth', 'country recording', 'expected use', 'associated fatness used', 'susceptible counterpart vrq', 'gain loin depth', 'proposed mapping', 'bta17 511', 'calving fertility', '966 depending trait', 'potent counterpart', 'sib north american', 'qtl variation', 'risk cardiovascular', 'known fertility related', 'reside haplotype', 'dpi pig', 'postmortem examination revealed', 'assaf ewe test', 'selected outbred founder', 'hereditary underdevelopment', 'protein 90', 'molecule considered genetic', 'herd brandon', '250 genetic', 'rs110125325 rs41652818 bovine', 'snp chip analysis', 'using geneseek80k', 'wdr92 prokr1', 'alternative allele using', 'control 613 horse', 'population considering', 'conducted using high', 'effect bayesian approach', 'association birth', 'chd4 associated', 'reduced susceptibility', 'growth broiler', 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'underlie milk fatty', 'identification snp il', 'trait locus heterozygosity', 'loss production step', 'nte cd', 'oncorhynchus mykiss population', 'oxidation considered candidate', 'trypsin prss2 associated', 'f1 dam', 'qtl explain variation', '05 removal fgf8', 'weight cwt marbling', 'gene identified', 'specific qtl indicate', 'indicate melim', '4α gene', '43 47', 'affect broiler', 'kd103 oarvh34', 'associated cecum content', 'hanwoo beef cattle', 'gwa study inconsistent', 'utility genomic region', 'pig exhibit great', 'leprot dnajc6 ak3l1', 'provide useful maker', 'qtls 14 autosomal', 'intercross detected', 'selection history', 'significant qtl bw', 'study support quantitative', 'sult2a1 sult2b1 new', 'scoring visualization software', 'day total 557', 'qtl bta02 bta04', '2000 ng', 'qtls associated adg', 'catfish population interspecific', 'gene largest', 'meat ham lmh', 'noncoding intronic gene', 'array genome wide', 'content neauhlf', 'ovine capn3', '84 indicating', 'conducted 20', 'chromosome possible', 'progeny large', 'largest effect fy', '6723a allele likely', '113 qtls seven', 'association confirmed gene', 'determine biomechanical strength', 'slaughter result', 'detected 102 potential', 'strongly affecting', 'influencing carcass', '32 extreme', 'deposition growth muscling', 'use gene', 'vertnin genotype', 'loc512672 identified population', 'autosome animal', 'putative qtl marker', 'color result used', 'phaeomelanin red', 'gene result indicate', 'genetic basis horn', '13 covering', 'marker kd103', 'potassium sodium', 'result supported comparative', 'comparison quantitative trait', 'adjacent rs81434499', 'referred snp', 'snp 321a 324g', 'animal higher residue', 'breed luxi qinchuan', 'ca hematocrit', 'tissue infection faecal', 'information analysis enabling', 'qtl significantly', 'identify putative qtl', 'larger bwg', 'marker plus', 'position narrowed', 'progress demonstrated', 'located centromeric', 'locus affect progression', 'acting difference', 'fertility trait bos', '84 snp', 'animal visual characteristic', 'large 433a allele', '104 pig available', '20 genome', 'prkag3 024', 'present study genetic', 'influencing hb 01', 'identifying new', 'tail independent pool', 'haem score', '1987c fixed iberian', 'knc resource', 'reproduction trait 14', 'investigated qtl', 'tissue tested', 'selection effective approach', 'fp studied 54', 'robust animal', 'qtl developmental change', 'different pig breed', 'increase milk yield', 'qingyu pig knowledge', 'mb haplotype', 'affecting group sla', 'harbour major locus', 'cm average marker', 'stabilizing morphological', 'confirmed linkage 01', 'confirm existence qtl', 'content longissimus', 'minor effect', 'genotyped 62', 'influence selection', 'fine mapping required', 'limousin breed background', 'representing 29', 'equine oc investigation', 'rtn ssc6 ssc8', 'line total 386', '311a characterised', 'family evaluated', 'control 626 020', 'wide qtl em', 'common 18 trait', 'objective cattle', 'ssc3 ssc4 ssc5', 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broiler', 'daily gain birth', 'boar swedish yorkshire', '27 affected 10', 'gamma associated weight', 'detection time', 'pathway major biological', 'phusm association', 'le intramuscular', 'panel response variable', 'varying 17', 'animal 50 sib', 'coming meishan breed', 'msi result showed', 'antagonist iloperidone', 'gene related', 'improve detection power', '518 203', 'affected locus', 'tbg detected altering', 'survey represents qtl', 'concentration discovered including', 'placed fto', 'cattle c3 cdna', 'inherited disorder cardiovascular', 'content carcass using', 'significant measured ham', '28 35 35', 'series genotype', 'trait 770k genotyped', 'marbling cd cc', 'human genome located', 'slick locus bta20', 'piglet birth', 'significant effect 14', '41 cm individual', 'disequilibrium information', '05 prme', 'fgf7 il16', 'frequency 02 used', 'future genome assisted', 'outbreak blood', '41 cm c14', 'assessed data using', 'rs13849241 rs15231472 rs13849381', 'epistasis common underlying', 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'mapped genome', 'na potassium', 'lepc previously', 'meishan western pig', 'independent present possible', 'index 0011 0001', 'current qtl region', 'unreported snp ccl2', 'collected dna sample', 'demonstrated breed', 'ash water', 'initiator suppressor', 'variant porcine', 'cost beef', 'breeding value conferred', 'novel pig gene', 'influence number', 'debvs derived', 'corpuscular hemoglobin concentration', 'provide helpful information', 'p17 involved', '05 significant association', '385 single', 'behaviour sparse', 'identifying time formal', 'distribution chicken lpin2', 'genotyped 18', 'detected range', 'multi facetted', 'ovlv induced lesion', 'slc3a2 zdhhc5 ssc2', 'underlying genomic variability', 'association detected analysed', 'sperm correlation concentration', 'protection various cell', 'effect significant effect', 'number parity', 'color score longissimus', 'male animal trait', 'sscx snp', 'effect individually exceed', 'mapping result bovine', 'gene hypothesized gene', 'trait locus showed', 'conducted f2', 'cdkal1 tert', 'affected calving difficulty', 'chicken snp', 'body weight time', 'mammalian genome characterized', 'piglet mortality birth', 'analysis likelihood', 'addition qtl affecting', 'nsrp1 cadps proposed', 'obesity represents major', 'significantly associated maternal', 'ubl5 cfd', 'region discussed high', 'window significant', 'functional polymorphism', 'conducted variance', 'gene goal present', 'pedigree snp', 'bovine growth body', 'key ancestor', 'supported vrtn', 'nsb number mummy', 'difference chicken', 'indirectly affect', 'study single nucleotide', '140 landrace 181', '01 birth', 'considering function development', 'marker used marker', 'view hind leg', 'identified frequency', 'ld mapping single', '454 f2 gilt', 'molecular phenotype followed', 'chicken paper correlation', 'ra type sscx', 'significantly associated gene', 'fat digestion', 'avian coccidiosis major', 'surpassing threshold consumer', 'vertebra performed map', '0001 ssc15 meat', 'deformity rate haplotype', 'litter record', 'quality validate single', 'susceptible pig substituting', 'variant bmprib', 'gene annotation showed', 'measurement growth', 'identified hmga2', 'frequency tested', 'trait locus identified', 'trait marker assisted', 'sire pool', 'included epistatic qtl', 'collected duroc swine', 'gene involved inflammatory', 'bm1227 24 cm', 'clone 550', 'mechanism controlling', 'refined previously', 'herd longer productive', 'picture quantitative trait', 'route better understanding', 'superfamily crucial', 'gene ovarian follicle', 'remained final model', 'estimate average', 'limousin bull 15', 'gm trait', 'phenotype including', 'mutation significantly', 'environmental health husbandry', '141 mb', 'establish genetic variation', 'member zinc', 'wdr83 important', 'podotrochlea study refined', 'neonatal postweaning pig', 'dj gwas revealed', 'effect dgat1', 'suggest myadm', 'phenotype genotyped 35k', 'estrone sulphate 17β', '01 determined permutation', 'rsnps significant difference', 'respiratory disease cause', 'bw70 bwg fcr', 'number vertebra', 'diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 dgat1', 'trait great importance', 'pqtl conducted', 'week covariate', 'information locate causative', 'gene obtained', 'sire evidence', 'mapping subsequently reduced', 'bone proportion', 'variance 01', 'fi 05 rs13687128', '70 age', 'included 51 262', 'bp chicken chromosome', 'horse subjected official', 'statistic calculated single', 'short bp 17', 'variation tested', 'kingdom crossbred lamb', 'important human', 'ryr1 mutation', 'known affect lipid', 'metabolic index pork', 'contrasting haplotype', 'perform different genome', 'affected horse previously', 'gene contained 504', '05 non compensatory', 'pool tail', 'staple length measured', 'analysis 61', 'wnt10b 12', 'outcome case', 'world new', 'marker interval 25', 'additional rao', 'imf phenotypically', 'snp alga008191 located', 'snp tnp1 utr', 'snp1 snp3', 'bmd distal femur', 'map including', 'used breed', 'csrp3 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'a232k ghr f279y', 'explained 75', 'program based marker', 'breeding management genomic', 'appearance texture juiciness', 'cross phenotypic variation', 'powerful detecting multiple', 'qtl study fabp4', '41 148', '85 significant snp', 'immunofluorescence assay indicated', 'data imputed sequence', 'experimental iberian landrace', 'difference elovl6 gene', 'family member calmodulin', 'disease chronic disease', 'parasitic disease', 'mastitis bvs', 'analyzed 137', 'linkage map average', 'marker yds detected', 'nematodirus strongyles genus', 'rate muscle', 'candidate quantitative', 'snp observed snp', 'different data', 'protected designation origin', 'associated pneumonic', 'induces apoptosis response', 'chromosome qtl detected', 'polymorphism protocol genotype', 'related semen trait', 'conducted charolais holstein', 'gene containing', '64800 snp retained', 'variation increase heritability', 'allele snp located', 'effect confirmed snp', '332 position 46547859c', 'variance dna', 'identified parental', 'italy produce', 'locus population comprised', 'typed microsatellite', 'gwas marker showed', 'allow interval', 'lda nominal log10p', 'tumor status', 'interval traced inheritance', 'pleiotropic effect meat'}

# Bigram and trigram
bigram = Phraser(Phrases(abstract_tokenized, min_count=2, threshold=15))
trigram = Phraser(Phrases(bigram[abstract_tokenized], min_count=2, threshold=15))
bigram_token = [bigram[doc] for doc in abstract_tokenized]
trigram_token = [trigram[bigram[doc]] for doc in abstract_tokenized]
bigram_text = [" ".join(token) for token in bigram_token]
trigram_text = [" ".join(token) for token in trigram_token]
print(bigram_token[0])
print(bigram_text)

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['previous_study qtl carcass_composition meat_quality identified commercial finisher cross the main_objective current_study confirm fine_map qtl genotyping increased number individual marker analyze_data using combined_linkage linkage_disequilibrium analysis method modified version method excludes linkage_disequilibrium information analysis enabling comparison result based linkage information result based combined_linkage linkage_disequilibrium information nine additional paternal_family genotyped marker resulting total animal genotyped marker respectively the qtl affecting meat_color confirmed whereas qtl affecting weight could_confirmed the combined_linkage linkage_disequilibrium analysis resulted identification new significant effect trait chromosome heritabilities qtl effect ranged the analysis contributed accurate positioning qtl characterized phenotypic effect however result showed even greater marker_density required take full advantage linkage_disequilibrium information identify haplotype associated favorable qtl allele', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl scan phenotype related growth_carcass composition meat_quality conducted using progeny commercial cross animal genotyped_microsatellite marker spanned entire porcine genome qtl analysis conducted extract information paternal_maternal meiosis separately using nonparametric approach design nine qtl exceeded_significance one qtl affecting growth average_daily gain two qtl influencing carcass_composition fatness muscle_mass six qtl influencing meat_quality tenderness colour sscx conductivity all one coincided_previously reported qtl addition present evidence suggestive qtl combined false_discovery rate', 'partial genome_scan using microsatellite_marker conducted detect_quantitative trait locus qtls fatty_acid content backfat chromosome porcine resource_population two qtls discovered sus_scrofa chromosome the qtl located marker locus qtl detected linoleic_acid it position proximity mapped linoleic_acid content previous_study the qtl mapped marker significant oleic_acid novelty qtl oleic_acid suggested qtl located far qtls previously_mapped fatness trait the qtl explained_phenotypic variation oleic_acid content further study fine_mapping positional comparative candidate_gene analysis would next step_toward better_understanding genetic_architecture fatty_acid content', 'background the rate pubertal development weaning estrus interval correlated affect reproductive_efficiency swine quantitative_trait locus qtl age_puberty nipple_number ovulation_rate identified meishan cross pig chromosome near telomere homologous human chromosome contains reductase akr gene cluster least six family_member akrs hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases interconvert weak steroid hormone potent counterpart regulate process_involved development homeostasis reproduction because location swine genome implication reproductive_physiology gene cluster characterized evaluated effect reproductive trait swine result screening porcine_bac library cdna identified positive clone sample sequencing bac_clone revealed distinct gene mapped using radiation_hybrid panel gene mapped microsatellite_marker comparison sequence_data porcine_bac fingerprint map show cluster gene resides region twelve snp genotyped gilt observed age_first estrus ovulation_rate generation meishan descendant usmarc resource_population age_puberty nipple_number ovulation_rate data_analyzed association genotype mtdfreml using animal model one snp phenylalanine isoleucine substitution associated age_puberty possibly ovulation_rate two snp significantly_associated nipple_number another possibly associated age_puberty conclusion genotype associated nipple_number well possible effect age_puberty ovulation_rate the estimated effect genotype trait suggest snp incomplete linkage_disequilibrium causal_mutation affect reproductive trait swine further_investigation necessary identify mutation understand gene affect important reproductive trait the nucleotide sequence_data reported submitted genbank assigned accession_number genbank genbank genbank', 'previously quantitative_trait locus qtl backfat tenthrib loin_eye area lea identified pig chromosome_ssc near microsatellite berkshire_yorkshire cross this work attempted refine qtl position identify gene associated qtl genotype determined pcr test polymorphism identified individual candidate_gene bac end sequence genomic clone using regression_interval mapping lea qtl estimated tenthrib qtl position shifted approximately downstream mapped qtl region significantly_associated tenthrib solute_carrier family_member significantly_associated lea these_result suggest gene responsible lea tenthrib qtl effect tightly_linked high informativeness relative surrounding marker influencing qtl position estimate addition janus kinase mapped suggestive lea qtl region showed association lea fatness color trait', 'our understanding_molecular genetic_basis several key performance trait pig significantly advanced quantitative_trait locus qtl mapping approach however contrast growth_fatness trait genetic_basis feed_intake trait rarely investigated qtl mapping since feed_intake important component efficient pig production identification qtl affecting feed_intake may_lead identification genetic marker used selection_program study qtl analysis feed_intake feeding_behavior growth trait performed population derived cross chinese_meishan european large_white pig qtl significant effect daily_feed intake_dfi identified sus_scrofa chromosome number suggestive qtl effect daily_gain feed_conversion feeding_behavior trait also located the significant qtl lie close previously identified mutation growth_factor gene affect carcass_composition trait although mutation segregating population analyzed current_study therefore distinct causal_variant may exist arm effect feed_intake', 'genome_wide search european_wild boar swedish yorkshire_pig earlier identified quantitative_trait locus qtl leucocyte_number function porcine chromosome_ssc verify involvement chromosomal_region regulation haematocrit hem haemoglobin level leucocyte_number vitro leukocyte function mitogen induced proliferation production virus induced production neutrophil phagocytosis animal different genetic background analysed the animal comprised sire_family pig six crossbred landrace sire_family they genotyped genetic marker interval analysis performed qtl close influenced number white blood_cell pig number band neutrophil cell pig identified additional qtl identified close influence number cell pig qtl influencing hem level identified close kit pig for pig second qtl distal kit close influenced number mhcii cell mitogen induced proliferation whilst qtl close kit influenced number igm cell pig the result_confirm involvement earlier identified region porcine immune parameter candidate_gene suggested', 'quantitative_trait locus reproductive trait resource_population cross pig control line pig line_selected generation increased index ovulation_rate embryonic survival reported phenotypic_data collected female birth_weight bwt weaning_weight wwt age_puberty ovulation_rate number fully formed pig number pig born_alive nba number mummified pig mum number_stillborn pig nsb grandparent animal genotyped_microsatellite marker sixteen putative qtl reproductive trait identified previous analysis data single qtl model data reanalyzed multiple qtl model including imprinting_effect data also analyzed model permutation used establish significance_level putative qtl reproductive trait two qtl birth_weight identified one mendelian qtl one nba three nsb three seven five mum one bwt found partial imprinting qtl affecting bwt mum detected there four paternally_expressed qtl one mum maternally_expressed qtl affecting nsb mum detected qtl detected analysis multiple qtl model imprinting_effect appropriate analyzing data single mendelian qtl model', 'resource family created_crossing two berkshire grandsires nine yorkshire granddams identify qtl affecting growth body_composition meat_quality total offspring evaluated trait related growth body_composition trait related meat_quality all animal initially genotyped marker across genome the_objective advanced phase project identify characterize qtl genotyping another marker special region interest develop apply method_detecting qtl effect new marker linkage_map derived used qtl analysis based least_square mapping decision tree identifying qtl effect developed based test mendelian mode_expression empirical significance_threshold derived chromosomewise genomewise level using specialized permutation strategy create data null hypothesis appropriate test significance_threshold derived permutation_test validated based simulation pedigree data structure similar population the addition marker resulted discovery new qtl chromosomewise level using mendelian_model analysis thirteen original qtl longer significant chromosomewise level total qtl effect identified including qtl paternal expression backfat_loin muscle_area chromosome near qtl maternal expression drip_loss reflectance chromosome test imprinting mendelian_expression identified much fewer qtl effect test based significance paternal_maternal allele used study the detected qtl identified mode_expression allow research qtl region utilization improvement meat_quality', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl growth_fatness trait previously identified chromosome several experimental pig population the segregation qtl commercial_pig studied sample animal five different population variance_component analysis vca using identity descent ibd matrix applied the ibd coefficient estimated simple deterministic smd markov_chain monte_carlo mcmc method data two growth trait average_daily gain test whole life daily_gain back_fat thickness analysed with method seven combination population chromosome trait significant additionally qtl genotypic allelic effect estimated qtl effect significant the range qtl genotypic effect population varied phenotypic mean growth trait back_fat trait heritabilities qtl genotypic value ranged growth trait back_fat very similar result obtained smd mcmc however mcmc method required large number iteration hence computation time especially qtl test position close marker', 'commercial livestock population qtl detection method often use existing family structure ignore additional relationship within family reanalyzed data large qtl confirmation experiment pig line chromosome region using ibd_score variance_component analysis the ibd_score obtained using monte_carlo markov_chain method implemented loki software used model putative qtl mixed animal model the analysis_revealed qtl nominal level test qtl mapped area qtl reported eight exceeded_threshold claim confirmed linkage putative qtl detected previously using analysis whereas qtl previously identified analysis could_confirmed using variance_component approach some difference could traced_back underlying assumption two method using deterministic approach estimate ibd_score subset data gave similar result loki demonstrated feasibility applying variance_component qtl analysis large_amount data equivalent genome_scan many situation deterministic ibd approach offer fast alternative loki', 'the hypothesis quantitative_trait locus qtl explain variation divergent population also account genetic_variation within population tested using pig population two region porcine genome previously_reported harbor qtl allelic effect differed modern pig ancestor modern pig distantly related population asian pig studied qtl growth obesity trait mapped using selectively_genotyped family five domesticated modern population strong support found least_one qtl segregating population for five population evidence segregating qtl affecting fatness region chromosome these_finding confirm qtl detected highly selected commercial population consistent_hypothesis chromosome location account variation population also explain genetic_variation within population', 'the_aim study_investigate method_detecting qtl outbred commercial_pig population several qtl back_fat growth_rate previously detected experimental resource_population examined segregation different population two hundred test performed resulting test significant level addition qtl test meat_quality trait declared significant using subset population these_result show considerable amount_phenotypic variance observed population explained major allele segregating several locus described thus despite relatively strong selection_pressure growth back_fat trait population allele yet reached fixation the approach used demonstrate possible verify segregation qtl commercial population limited genotyping selection informative animal such verified qtl may directly exploited_selection ma program commercial population molecular_basis may revealed positional_candidate cloning', 'intercross meishan_large white pig population used map quantitative_trait locus qtl protein_percentage muscle present_study animal parent_grandparent genotyped_microsatellites chromosome the marker genotype used_calculate additive_dominant coefficient fixed position genome animal protein_percentage regressed coefficient interval three significant qtls effect found protein_percentage muscle they located marker chromosome chromosome chromosome explained_residual variance respectively the result_show qtls affect protein_percentage may located different chromosome', 'screen whole porcine chromosome qtl affecting economically_important trait ten genetic marker genotyped two population generated cross genetically_diverse breed european_wild pig commercial_pig breed pietrain chinese_meishan pietrain trait recorded least_square method used screening qtl association analysis genotype locus trait also carried the least_square analysis reveal presence significant qtl affecting trait association study showed_significant association genotype fatness trait pig carrying genotype locus displayed thinnest backfat one carrying genotype thickest', 'lameness important factor culling animal strong leg_foot improve herd_life dairy_cow therefore many_country include leg_foot conformation trait breeding_program often early predictor longevity however country directly measure lameness related trait include breeding_program lameness index different lactation leg_conformation trait rear_leg side view rear_leg rear_view hock quality bone quality foot angle measured granddaughter danish_holstein grandsires_son genome_scan performed detect_quantitative trait locus qtl based autosome using microsatellite_marker data_analyzed across within family qtl affecting lameness leg_conformation trait regression_method variance_component method used qtl detection two qtl lameness first bos_taurus autosome_bta second lactation detected for different leg_conformation trait significant qtl detected across family rear_leg side view rear_leg rear_view hock quality bone quality foot angle for chromosome qtl associated different trait detected model model performed characterize qtl single qtl pleiotropic_effect distinct qtl', 'recent publication indicate genetic_variation milk_production trait proximal explained solely genetic_variation gene elucidate qtl effect animal german_holstein granddaughter_design family son genotyped polymorphism frequency allele maternal descent estimated allele_substitution effect first calculated allele separate model joint model from joint_analysis effect fat_content protein content positive effect milk_yield fat_yield protein_yield negative compared individual analysis effect fat_content protein content milk_yield reduced fat_yield enhanced protein_yield reduced joint_analysis allele_substitution effect together explained variation milk_production trait alone further significant effect found among reproduction trait conformational trait these observation indicate_possible negative influence maternal nonreturn rate thus length productive_life', 'impaired fertility main reason involuntary culling dairy_cow sweden the_objective study map quantitative_trait locus qtl influencing fertility calving trait swedish dairy_cattle population the trait analyzed number_insemination nonreturn rate interval calving_first insemination fertility_treatment heat intensity score stillbirth_calving performance genome_scan covering bovine_chromosome performed_using microsatellite_marker the mapping population_consisted sire son granddaughter_design nine sire swedish_red breed one swedish_holstein least_square regression used map locus affecting analyzed trait permutation_test used set significance_threshold cofactor used analysis individual chromosome adjust qtl found chromosome the use cofactor increased number qtl found significance_level initial analysis found suggestive qtl mapped chromosome when cofactor included qtl detected chromosome addition previously mentioned chromosome some result cofactor analysis may false_positive require_validation conclusion able map several qtl affecting fertility calving trait swedish dairy_cattle', 'selection increased milk_yield associated decreased fertility holstein previously putative quantitative_trait locus qtl chromosome affecting daughter_pregnancy rate_dpr identified one family our_aim determine validity qtl using additional marker extended pedigree twelve marker genotyped descendant original sire qtl identified analysis extended pedigree detected significant suggestive qtl dpr productive_life somatic_cell score further analysis underway refine qtl region positional_candidate gene identified', 'osteopontin_opn highly phosphorylated glycoprotein whose gene cloned_sequenced different specie several whole_genome scan identified quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting milk_production trait bovine_chromosome close osteopontin gene opn location the presence opn milk elevated expression mammary_gland epithelial_cell together previous qtl study prompted investigate effect opn variant milk_production trait holstein_dairy cattle population single_nucleotide polymorphism intron detected primer_designed amplify genomic dna bull obtained cooperative_dairy dna_repository cow university_wisconsin herd for repository population allele associated increase milk_protein percentage milk fat_percentage correlation milk_protein percentage milk fat_percentage for university_wisconsin herd estimate effect allele direction repository population although estimate reach statistical_significance our_result consistent study showed_significant association microsatellite_marker region opn milk_protein percentage correlated trait', 'backfat_thickness one major quantitative_trait affect carcass quality beef_cattle study identified qtl backfat_ebv bovine_chromosome using analysis commercial_line bos_taurus eleven haplotype found significant association backfat_ebv threshold one threshold bovine_chromosome average significant haplotype effect backfat_ebv ranging the significant haplotype spanned nine chromosomal_region one chromosome three three one one among nine chromosomal_region six new qtl region three showed remarkable agreement qtl region previously_reported eight nine qtl region localized le close genetic distance the result_provide useful_reference positional_candidate gene research selection backfat', 'eleven israeli_holstein family including cow analyzed daughter_design eight economic trait milk fat protein production fat protein_percentage somatic_cell score_sc female_fertility the cow genotyped_microsatellites maximum spacing marker there informative genotype preliminary analysis anova trait marker effect nested within sire significance determined controlling false_discovery rate excluding marker significance least single trait trait without significant effect level thus four marker chromosome female_fertility excluded there remained significant combination expected true effect perform interval_mapping family significant contrast additional marker genotyped chromosome the bootstrap confidence_interval gene effect include zero protein percent chromosome fat_yield protein_yield sc chromosome quantitative_trait locus heterozygosity consistent_hypothesis two allele segregating unequal allele_frequency', 'the gene diacylglycerol recently identified one underlying quantitative_trait locus qtl milk_production trait centromeric_region bovine_chromosome until allele lysine variant increasing fat_yield fat protein_percentage alanine variant increasing protein milk_yield postulated this_study investigated_whether diallelic polymorphism responsible genetic_variation centromeric_region chromosome milk fat protein_yield fat protein_percentage statistical_model applied granddaughter_design analyze german_holstein family the model included diallelic effect qtl transition probability estimated chromosomal position multiple marker approach because regression coefficient probability corrected diallelic polymorphism represented putative conditional qtl effect the effect gene always highly_significant the conditional qtl effect significant genomewise fat_percentage proximal_end chromosome protein_percentage distal chromosomal_region additional chromosomewise significance found fat protein_yield our_result suggest additional source genetic_variance chromosome trait either one additional allele segregating previously detected second quantitative_trait locus affecting trait', 'backfat_thickness one major quantitative_trait affect carcass quality beef_cattle study fine mapped qtl backfat_ebv bovine_chromosome using analysis commercial_line bos_taurus also examined association single_nucleotide polymorphism snp marker gene diacylgcerol acyltransferase thyroglobulin backfat_ebv the result_indicate qtl region backfat identified chromosome agreement previous_study however neither two polymorphism candidate_gene tested showed_significant association backfat_ebv cattle population examined however strong association detected microsatellite_marker lying approximately two candidate_gene backfat_ebv these_result suggest snp gene chromosomal_region examined test whether significant effect lipid_metabolism', 'joint_analysis five paternal holstein family part two different granddaughter_design carried five milk_production trait somatic_cell score order conduct qtl confirmation study increase experimental power data exchanged coded standardised form the combined data_set consisted average sire per grandsire genetic map calculated marker distributed nine chromosome qtl analysis performed_separately design trait the result revealed qtl milk_production chromosome milk_yield chromosome fat_content chromosome confirmed within study some qtl could mapped either confirmed within study additional qtl previously_undetected single design mapped fat_yield chromosome protein_yield chromosome protein content chromosome somatic_cell score chromosome genomewide_significance this_study demonstrated potential benefit combined analysis data different granddaughter_design', 'project qtl detection carried french holstein_normande montbéliarde dairy_cattle breed this granddaughter_design included artificial_insemination bull distributed sire_family evaluated trait production milk composition persistency type fertility mastitis_resistance milking ease these bull also genotyped genetic marker mostly microsatellites the qtl analysed linear_regression daughter_yield deviation deregressed_proof probability son receives one paternal qtl allele given marker information qtl detected trait including low_heritability one_hundred twenty qtl significance lower tabulated this threshold corresponded false_discovery rate amongst significant estimate contribution genetic_variance ranged most substitution_effect ranged genetic standard_deviation for given qtl family informative the confidence_interval qtl location large always greater this experiment confirmed several already published qtl original particularly trait', 'novel robust method mapping gene affecting complex trait combine linkage information proposed linkage information refers recombination within generation linkage_disequilibrium historical recombination genotyping started the ibd_probability quantitative_trait locus qtl first generation haplotype obtained similarity marker allele surrounding qtl whereas ibd_probability qtl later generation haplotype obtained using marker trace inheritance qtl the variance_explained qtl estimated residual maximum_likelihood using correlation structure defined ibd_probability unlinked background gene accounted fitting polygenic variance_component the method used fine_map qtl twinning_rate cattle previously_mapped chromosome linkage analysis the data_consisted large family method could also handle complex pedigree the likelihood putative qtl small along chromosome except sharp likelihood peak ninth marker_bracket positioned qtl within region middle part bovine_chromosome the method expected robust multiple gene affecting trait multiple mutation qtl relatively low marker_density', 'the cosegregation genetic marker qtl mapping population basis successful qtl mapping linkage disequilibria however also expected among individual descended breeding line common haplotype carry segregate among individual line these identical descent haplotype make possible identify locate qtl segregating line report identification common haplotype within commercial_line bos_taurus association growth trait one_hundred seventy six male_calf sire male_calf sire beefbooster line_selected maternal trait genotyped using microsatellite_marker chosen bovine_chromosome initial haplotype growth association analysis order verify result line another male_calf sire beefbooster line genotyped using nine microsatellite_marker chosen bovine_chromosome the allele male_calf contributed sire_dam identified haplotype line established along bovine_chromosome the haplotype line established along chosen region bovine_chromosome regression analysis detected haplotype three chromosomal_region showed_significant association birth_weight preweaning average_daily gain average_daily gain_feed line haplotype associated growth trait chromosomal_region line comparisonwise threshold level average haplotype effect growth trait ranging the result_provide useful_reference positional_candidate gene research selection', 'quantitative_trait locus affecting economically_important trait studied eight large holstein_grandsire family using granddaughter_design total microsatellite_marker located_throughout bovine genome selected scan the data_analyzed include genotype marker previously_reported result analysis marker genotype reported previously updated effect marker allele analyzed trait including trait milk_production somatic_cell score_productive life conformation calving_ease canonical trait derived conformation production trait permutation_test used_calculate empirical traitwise error_rate traitwise critical value used determine_significance ten putative quantitative_trait locus associated seven new marker identified within specific family one marker chromosome associated difference fat_yield fat_percentage canonical production trait two family marker chromosome associated difference rump angle family marker associated difference udder_depth fore_udder attachment chromosome respectively one marker chromosome associated difference dairy capacity composite index another marker chromosome associated difference canonical conformation trait these additional marker complete_genome scan identify_quantitative trait locus affecting economically_important trait selected commercial holstein population the quantitative_trait locus identified genome_scan may_useful selection increase rate genetic_improvement trait disease_resistance conformation trait associated fitness accelerating genetic_improvement production', 'nine israeli_holstein sire_family daughter analyzed quantitative_trait locus effect chromosome five milk_production trait daughter_design all animal genotyped marker the three family significant effect genotyped additional marker spanning position two sire segregating locus affecting protein fat_percentage near position estimated substitution_effect protein equivalent one phenotypic_standard deviation this locus localized confidence_interval one sire also heterozygous locus affecting milk fat protein production near centromere the hypothesis two segregating locus verified multiple regression analysis third sire_heterozygous locus affecting milk_protein percentage near telomeric_end chromosome possible candidate major quantitative gene near position determined comparative_mapping ibsp used anchor orthologous region human chromosome twelve gene detected within sequence none gene previously associated lactogenesis', 'the bovine flanking_region screened polymorphism different cattle breed conformation polymorphism sscp sequence analysis_revealed four allele two new allelic form sequence deposited genbank_accession number allele potential transcription_factor binding_site altered mutation using sscp analysis four allele identified german_holstein six intragenic comprising allele exon genotype found linkage mapping using family german qtl project positioned marker distance variance analysis using family promoter genotype fixed_effect breeding_value deregressed_proof milk_production trait milk fat protein_yield also fat protein_percentage revealed significant effect protein_percentage family genotype considered contrast calculation assigned highly_significant effect genotype associated highest protein_percentage breeding_value one main casein milk could effect mutation regulatory_element promoter_region effect milk_yield breeding_value indicated genotype probably caused linked locus', 'five chromosomal_region previously associated milk_production trait tested family black white cattle the trait also linearly transformed genetically_phenotypically independent variable normalized phenotypic_variance trait significant association untransformed canonical trait found bovine_chromosome there also evidence chromosome influenced trait the linear transformation clarified effect chromosomal_region region effect three untransformed trait milk fat protein_yield generally condensed effect single canonical trait comparison result reported previously american_holstein cattle suggested qtl may', 'quantitative_trait locus affecting milk_yield health conformation trait studied eight large holstein_grandsire family using granddaughter_design total microsatellite_marker located_throughout bovine genome selected scan the data_analyzed include genotype marker eight family previously_reported genotype marker reported previously seven family analysis marker previously_reported updated effect marker allele analyzed trait including trait milk_production somatic_cell score_productive life conformation calving_ease canonical trait derived conformation production trait permutation_test used_calculate empirical error_rate critical value used determine_significance eight putative quantitative_trait locus associated new marker identified within specific family two marker associated difference strength rump angle chromosome respectively different marker associated protein_percentage milk_yield somatic_cell score chromosome different family difference canonically transformed trait associated marker chromosome additional combination identified test including effect chromosome protein_percentage body depth canonical conformation trait respectively additional marker_added allow interval analysis putative quantitative_trait locus identified increase marker_density', 'understanding_genetic control female_reproductive performance pig would offer opportunity utilize natural variation improve selective_breeding program selection the chinese_meishan one prolific pig breed known farrowing viable piglet_per litter western breed this difference_prolificacy attributed meishan superior prenatal survival our study utilized resource_population founder grandparental animal purebred meishan duroc_pig genome_scan qtl grandparent animal genotyped_microsatellite marker reproductive trait including number_corpus lutea_number animal number fetus per animal number_teat total number_born recorded female significance_level threshold calculated using permutation approach identified qtl trait significance_level parametric interval_mapping analysis_indicated evidence significant qtl corpus_lutea ssc nonparametric interval_mapping number_teat found significant qtl chromosome partial imprinting qtl affecting teat_number detected using test categorical trait qtl pin nipple detected fine_mapping qtl region required application introgression program gene cloning', 'crossed population iberian_landrace pig consisting backcross individual analyzed refine number position quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting shape growth_fatness meat_quality trait multitrait approach used our_result suggest carcass length_shoulder weight affected two locus the first one close afabp gene strong pleiotropic_effect fatness whereas second one interval also affect live_weight although lesser extent this latter qtl would correspond locus described initially pig seems locus play_important role redistributing total weight landrace allele increase shoulder_weight carcass length much ham total weight furthermore also strong_evidence additional locus influencing color distant telomeric position', 'taint strong unpleasant odour given upon heating cooking meat intact uncastrated male pig data generation large_white meishan crossbred population analysed detect_quantitative trait locus qtl trait associated boar_taint fat sample intact male pig slaughtered analysed major contributor boar_taint androstenone indole skatole fat lean sample cooked_meat scored boar abnormal pork flavour odour trained sensory panel scan marker_covering whole_genome performed individual together parent purebred grandparent chromosomal significance_threshold approximately equal suggestive_significance threshold qtl detected laboratory_estimate androstenone chromosome however chromosome qtl boar flavour trait adjacent marker interval qtl laboratory_estimate androstenone chromosome qtl detected laboratory_estimate indole skatole score skatole score lean_fat five case allele generally increased estimate score compared allele appeared desirable undesirable allele present breed this locus chromosome considerable potential use reduce_incidence boar_taint especially research identify_causative polymorphism strongly_associated marker', 'suggestive qtl affecting raw firmness score average instron force_tenderness juiciness chewiness cooked_meat mapped pig chromosome using intercross berkshire_yorkshire pig based function location calpastatin_cast gene considered good_candidate observed effect several missense silent mutation identified cast haplotype covering coding_region constructed used association analysis meat_quality trait result demonstrated one cast haplotype significantly_associated lower instron force cooking_loss higher juiciness therefore haplotype associated higher eating quality some sequence variation identified may associated difference phosphorylation cast adenosine cyclic protein_kinase may turn explain meat_quality phenotypic difference the beneficial haplotype present commercial breed tested may provide significant improvement pig_industry consumer used selection produce naturally tender juicy pork without additional processing step', 'effect genetic_variation porcine adipocyte heart fatty protein gene respectively intramuscular_fat imf_content backfat_thickness bft examined crossbreds meishan western_pig the involvement fabp gene imf accretion studied confirm_previous result duroc_pig the crossbred pig genotyped various marker including microsatellite sequence situated within fabp gene linkage analysis assigned gene marker interval respectively refining previous chromosomal assignment next role chromosome genetic_variation imf_content bft studied screening qtl affecting trait performing analysis estimation effect individual allele trait first analysis suggestive significant evidence qtl affecting imf detected the gene candidate_gene effect resides within large region containing putative qtl the second analysis showed considerable nonsignificant effect microsatellite allele imf_content suggestive_evidence qtl affecting bft found excluded candidate_gene conclusion present previous result_support involvement gene polymorphism imf accretion independently bft pig therefore implementation polymorphism selection control imf_content independently bft may_considered contrast previous_finding duroc_pig evidence found effect gene imf bft population', 'soay_sheep ovis_aries island hirta kilda scotland naturally parasitized gastrointestinal_nematode predominantly teladorsagia_circumcincta paper show reduced faecal_egg count_fec associated allele microsatellite locus located first intron interferon gamma gene ifn soay_sheep lamb yearling measured approximately month_age respectively the allele also associated increased antibody iga lamb associated significantly yearling flanking control marker failed show significant association either fec iga these_result suggest polymorphic gene conferring increased resistance_gastrointestinal nematode_parasite located_near interferon gamma gene support_previous report mapped quantitative_trait locus qtl resistance region domestic_sheep our data consistent idea functional polymorphism leading reduced expression efficacy ifn could enhance immune_response gastrointestinal_nematode favouring activity cell subset antibody associated immune mechanism', 'genome linkage scan_carried using resource flock sheep six family the family offspring sire derived crossing divergent_line sheep selected response challenge intestinal parasitic_nematode trichostrongylus_colubriformis all animal resource flock phenotypically assessed worm resistance soon weaning using regime after correcting fixed_effect using least_square linear_model faecal_egg count data obtained following first challenge faecal_egg count data obtained second challenge designated trait trait respectively total lamb drawn phenotypic extreme trait faecal_egg count distribution genotyped panel_microsatellite marker_covering sheep autosome detection quantitative_trait locus qtl faecal_egg count trait determined using interval analysis animap program recombination rate marker derived existing marker map chromosomal_region attained_significance qtl influencing either trait however one region attained_significance five region attained_significance presence qtl affecting parasite_resistance', 'granddaughter_design used locate_quantitative trait locus determining conformation functional trait dairy_cattle granddaughter_design consisting holstein_friesian grandsires_son genotype determined microsatellite_marker covering_whole genome breeding_value trait regarding conformation fertility birth workability udder_health evaluated analysis using multimarker_regression significance_threshold determined using permutation_test the analysis suggested presence quantitative_trait locus one trait expected chance the test_statistic exceeded genomewise significance_threshold following trait chromosome chest_width chromosome gestation_length chromosome stature body capacity size chromosome dairy character chromosome angularity chromosome fore_udder attachment chromosome fore_udder attachment front teat placement chromosome the quantitative_trait locus size trait chromosome may also effect calving_ease the quantitative_trait locus udder trait chromosome may also affect somatic_cell score mastitis_resistance negative effect economically_important trait marker_assisted selection using marker associated quantitative_trait locus applied', 'quantitative_trait locus affecting milk_yield composition health type trait studied seven large grandsire_family holstein using granddaughter_design the family genotyped_microsatellite marker chromosome effect marker allele analyzed trait type trait milk_yield composition trait somatic_cell score_productive herd_life marker chromosome chromosome associated effect protein_percentage single grandsire_family the latter marker lower probability associated change milk_yield fat_percentage family increase productive herd_life associated allele marker chromosome one grandsire_family', 'background leg_weakness issue great concern pig breeding industry especially regard animal_welfare trait associated leg_weakness partly influenced genetic background animal genetic_basis trait yet fully understood the_aim study identify_quantitative trait locus qtl affecting_leg weakness_pig method three hundred ten pig duroc_pietrain resource_population genotyped using genetic marker front rear_leg foot_score based standard scoring system osteochondrosis lesion examined histologically head condylus medialis left femur humerus bone_mineral density bone_mineral content bone_mineral area measured whole ulna radius bone using dual energy absorptiometry model_applied determine qtl region associated leg_weakness using qtl_express software result eleven qtl affecting_leg weakness identified eight autosome all qtl reached_significance level three qtl associated osteochondrosis humerus end two fore foot_score two rear_leg score qtl influencing bone_mineral content bone_mineral density respectively reached_significance level conclusion_our result_confirm previous_study provide information new qtl associated leg_weakness pig these_result contribute towards better_understanding genetic background leg_weakness pig', 'bone_density important factor osteoporotic fracture risk human however complex trait confounded environmental influence polygenic_inheritance sheep provide potentially_useful model studying difference provide mean circumventing complex environmental_factor similar weight human the_aim study establish whether genetic_variation sheep localise quantitative_trait locus qtls associated variation also aimed evaluate relationship fat muscle body component sheep result showed_significant genetic_variation among coopworth sheep sire this genetic difference correlated body_weight muscle_mass number qtls exceeding suggestive threshold identified nine total two chromosome chromosome significant using permutation significance_threshold iteration the position qtl chromosome coincided number body_composition qtls indicating possible_pleiotropic effect presence multiple gene affecting body_composition site this_study show sheep potentially_useful model studying genetics', 'quantitative_trait locus analysis applied data suffolk_texel commercial sheep_flock united_kingdom the population comprised suffolk animal three family texel animal nine family phenotypic_data comprised measurement live_weight age ultrasonically measured fat muscle_depth lamb sire genotyped across candidate region chromosome data_analyzed breed level family level across extended_family family genetically related the analysis_revealed suggestive qtl chromosome suffolk breed marker affecting muscle_depth although effect significant one three suffolk family analysis suggested effect may due two adjacent qtl acting coupling total suggestive qtl identified individual family analysis the significant qtl affected fat_depth segregating texel family chromosome effect the qtl located around marker distal myostatin two suffolk two texel sire related analysis applied across two extended_family seven suggestive qtl identified analysis including one detected individual family analysis the significant qtl affected muscle_depth located chromosome near callipyge carwell locus based phenotypic effect location qtl data suggest locus similar carwell locus may segregating united_kingdom texel population', 'profit commercial pork_producer vary part sow productivity sow productive_life spl replacement cost during last_decade culling rate sow increased united_state both spl culling rate influenced genetic nongenetic factor association study conducted pig lifetime_reproductive trait including lifetime total number_born ltnb lifetime number_born alive lnba removal parity ratio lifetime nonproductive day herd_life the proportion_phenotypic variance_explained marker ltnb lnba removal parity ratio lifetime nonproductive day herd_life several informative qtl region qtl region ltnb gene within region ltnb associated lifetime_reproductive trait study gene associated ltnb lnba similar reflecting high genetic_correlation trait functional_annotation revealed many gene associated region expressed reproductive tissue for instance gene associated ltnb shown expressed placenta mouse many qtl region showing association coincided_previously identified qtl fat_deposition this reinforces role fat regulation lifetime_reproductive trait overall association study_provides list genomic location marker associated pig lifetime_reproductive trait could considered spl future study', 'qtl muscle hypertrophy identified belgian_texel breed population backcross lamb created cross belgian_texel ram romanov ewe studied effect carcass trait muscle_development belgian_texel breed polygene belgian_texel single qtl compared case carcass conformation muscularity improved the texel polygenic environment improved conformation mainly change skeletal_frame shape segment shorter bone weight lower muscle compact shorter thicker the single qtl affected muscle_development thickness weight muscle increased composition myosin changed toward increase fast contractile type the relative_contribution hind limb joint carcass_weight increased difference skeletal_frame morphology among three genotype single qtl small conformation scoring mainly influenced leg muscularity back shoulder muscle_development largely contributed variability muscularity le involved conformation scoring lastly qtl explains small part difference belgian_texel romanov breed conformation muscle_development large part genetic_variability remains explored', 'the identification predictive dna marker pork_quality would_allow pork_producer breeder select genetically superior animal quickly efficiently production consistent meat genome_scan identified qtl tenderness ssc calpastatin locus the_objective study identify sequence variation calpastatin likely affect tenderness pig population develop definitive dna marker predictive pork_tenderness use_selection program resequenced calpastatin regulatory transcribed region pig divergently extreme shear_force value identify possible mutation could affect tenderness total snp identified sequence snp found predicted transcription_factor binding_site tested polymorphism research population subset sample industry pig association objective measure tenderness identified snp consistently associated pork_tenderness population studied representing pig distinct population gel shift assay designed snp polymorphic_site six site demonstrated gel shift probe incubated nuclear extract muscle heart testis four site specificity protein site around nucleotide potential thyrotroph embryonic factor tef site nucleotide unknown site nucleotide myocyte enhancer site snp position allele specific binding nuclear protein the allele_frequency tender allele similar different commercial population these snp complete_linkage disequilibrium may independently affect calpastatin expression tenderness these marker predictive pork_tenderness industry population', 'the marchigiana famous large body_size favorable dressing_percentage myostatin_mstn gene mutation transversion identified breed the homozygote yield normal phenotype homozygote yield double muscled body shape sometimes cause survival problem heterozygote genotype produce extremely muscled body without defect practice marchigiana homozygote culled reproduction heterozygote chosen sire the_objective study ass gene involved marchigiana muscle_development improve selection procedure the effect mstn myogenic factor gene growth muscle trait marchigiana breed assessed the effect mstn together genotype causative_mutation effect two snp promoter studied the snp effect evaluated comparison mean several genotype average gene substitution dominance_effect two hundred bullock evaluated using performance test beginning end trial animal weighed body measured every age addition observation morphological score blup index estimated end performance test the obtained result suggested mstn snp could considered selection_program marchigiana breed mstn genotyping service breeder could help avoid genotype select genotype the snp genotype could also selected even good muscle_development yield certain size reduction', 'investigation molecular_marker effect production trait essential define marker_assisted selection_strategy beef_cattle looked possible association molecular_marker backfat_thickness bft rib_eye area_rea canchim charolais zebu offspring charolais bull canchim zebu cow animal raised exclusively pasture trait measured individual seven herd two brazilian state são paulo goiás march april animal average month_age five microsatellite_marker lying qtl region bft rea chromosome chromosome chromosome genotyped association analysis performed animal model using restricted_maximum likelihood method after correction_multiple test significant effect microsatellite rea observed suggesting least_one qtl affecting carcass trait region significant effect bft observed marker', 'six gene known exhibit expression_level correlated drip_loss bves egfr candidate_gene analysis based silico_analysis snp detected confirmed sequencing used genotyping the snp genotyped animal six pig population including commercial_herd pietrain_german landrace different commercial_herd german large landrace one experimental dupi comparative genetic mapping established location bves egfr respectively coinciding qtl region carcass meat_quality trait bves revealed association least drip_loss several measure water_holding capacity whc moreover egfr associated several meat_quality trait meat_color thawing loss this_study reveals statistic evidence addition functional relationship gene whc previously evidenced expression analysis this_study reveals positional genetic statistical evidence link genetic_variation locus close promotes six candidate_gene functional_positional candidate_gene meat_quality trait', 'background there often pronounced disagreement result obtained different association study cattle there multiple reason disagreement particularly presence false_positive lead need validate detected qtl optimally incorporated weighted selection decision studied causal gene dairy_cattle progeny testing scheme new data routinely accumulated used validate previously discovered association however data independent sample sample_size may sufficient enough power validate previous discovery here compared two strategy validate previously detected qtl new data added study population compare analyzing combined dataset comb including data presently available analyzing validation_dataset val new dataset previously analyzed independent replication secondly confirm snp detected reference_population ref previously analyzed dataset consists older bull val_dataset result clearly result combined comb_dataset nearly twice sample_size two subset allowed_detection far significant association two smaller subset the number significant snp ref older bull four time higher compare val younger bull though similar sample_size respectively total combination chromosome showed_significant association involving unique snp comb_dataset ref data_set association unique snp val association unique snp found significant percent snp ref dataset could_confirmed val_dataset out unique snp showing significant association calving trait ref dataset could_confirmed val_dataset conclusion the study_gwas cattle depend aim_study aim discover novel qtl analysis comb_dataset recommended case identification_causal mutation_underlying qtl confirmation discovered snp necessary avoid following false_positive', 'directed search qtl affecting carcass trait carried region growth_differentiation factor also known myostatin ovine_chromosome seven family totaling progeny weight recorded birth_weaning ultrasound scanning slaughter ultrasonic measure dimension fat made measurement made slaughter following slaughter linear measurement carcass length_width made carcass leg loin lamb dissected genotyping carried_using eight microsatellite_marker oar analyzed using regression there_evidence qtl growth_rate linear carcass trait there_evidence qtl affecting dimension segregating sire_family although consistent ultrasound carcass measure trait there strong consistent evidence qtl affecting muscle fat trait leg mapped marker four sire_heterozygous region three sire homozygous the size effect varied across four sire ranging adjusted leg_muscle trait ranging adjusted leg fat trait the clearest effect shown multivariate analysis combining leg_muscle fat trait analyzed across sire probability animal_carrying favorable haplotype muscle le fat leg relative animal_carrying haplotype there_evidence second peak region marker one sire group seems qtl affecting muscle fat trait exists within new_zealand texel population map region', 'this_study aimed_identify quantitative_trait locus associated endoparasitic infection scottish_blackface sheep data_collected animal period all animal continually exposed mixed nematode_infection grazing faecal_sample collected august september october year week_age nematodirus spp egg counted separately specie nematode blood_sample collected october immunoglobulin iga activity measured dna_extracted genotyping total microsatellite_marker genotyped across eight chromosomal_region chromosome sire progeny genotyped marker polymorphic sire evidence found quantitative_trait locus qtl chromosome qtl associated specific iga activity identified chromosome region close ifng chromosome mhc chromosome qtl associated nematodirus fec identified chromosome lastly qtl associated strongyle fec identified chromosome this_study shown aspect host_resistance gastrointestinal_parasite strong genetic control therefore qtl could utilised selection_scheme increase host_resistance gastrointestinal_parasite', 'quantitative_trait locus fat_deposition carcass trait identified vicinity gene_encoding phosphodiesterase bovine_chromosome therefore gene considered positional_functional candidate_gene carcass trait beef_cattle this_study aimed_identify single_nucleotide polymorphism snp gene evaluate association carcass trait korean cattle eight snp identified region ranged exon_intron five used association analysis availability restriction_fragment length polymorphism result intron significantly_associated backfat_thickness bft exon associated longissimus_dorsi muscle_area lma animal genotype thicker bft genotype animal genotype larger lma genotype suggested gene candidate_gene carcass trait beef_cattle fine_mapping would required application selection', 'qtl affecting_leg muscle fat trait identified within new_zealand texel population the qtl map region oar haplotype test established marker these marker encompass likely_position growth_differentiation factor the pleiotropic_effect qtl meat_quality trait tested objective measure meat_quality including color tenderness assessed shear_force measurement assessed longissimus_muscle progeny six texel sire four sire subsequently identified segregating leg_muscle fat trait for segregating sire comparison progeny inherited favorable haplotype sire received alternate haplotype revealed significant difference meat_quality trait assessed this finding suggests muscling qtl pleiotropic_effect meat_quality general scan meat_quality qtl carried_using genotype data eight marker flanking oar using regression this analysis_revealed two qtl single sire qtl detected region marker color mapped site close muscling qtl evidence suggest distinct locus the qtl region marker might map distal marker peak observed this qtl seems affect color_color shear measurement requires characterization', 'scan_carried new_zealand australia detect_quantitative trait locus qtl live_animal carcass_composition trait meat_quality attribute cattle backcross calf heifer steer generated jersey limousin background the new_zealand cattle_reared finished pasture whilst australian cattle_reared grass finished grain least day this_paper report meat_quality trait tenderness measured shear_force age two muscle well associated trait meat_colour cooking_loss number metabolic trait for meat_quality trait significant qtl located nine linkage_group detected basis seven qtl analysis qtl for metabolic trait significant qtl located eight linkage_group detected basis five qtl analysis six qtl qtl metabolic trait meat_quality trait six significant qtl meat_quality metabolic trait found proximal_end chromosome common chromosome harbouring qtl meat_quality trait qtl improved tenderness associated allele two chromosome respectively', 'the adipogenic nature iberian pig defines many quality_attribute fresh meat product the distinct variety iberian pig exhibit great variability genetic_parameter fat_deposition composition muscle the_aim work identify common distinct genomic_region related fatty_acid composition retinto torbiscal entrepelado iberian variety reciprocal_cross diallelic experiment study performed gwas using high_density snp_array pig multimarker_regression bayes method implemented gensel number genomic_region showed strong association percentage saturated unsaturated_fatty acid intramuscular_fat particular five region bayes_factor explained important fraction genetic_variance miristic palmitoleic monounsaturated oleic polyunsaturated_fatty acid six gene rxrb chga acaca located region investigated relation intramuscular composition variability iberian pig two snp rxrb gene giving consistent result oleic monounsaturated_fatty acid_content', 'texel_sheep renowned exceptional meatiness identify gene underlying economically_important feature performed scan romanov texel population mapped quantitative_trait locus major effect muscle_mass chromosome subsequently chromosome interval encompassing myostatin gene herein demonstrate allele texel_sheep characterized transition utr creates target_site micrornas_mirnas highly_expressed skeletal_muscle this cause translational inhibition myostatin gene hence contributes muscular hypertrophy texel_sheep analysis snp database human_mouse demonstrates mutation creating destroying putative mirna target_site abundant might important effector phenotypic_variation', 'incorporated microsatellite locus existing data_set marker test quantitative_trait locus qtls affecting spawning_date body_weight backcross two outbred strain rainbow_trout oncorhynchus_mykiss linkage_group identified synteny duplicated microsatellite_marker used confirm homeologous chromosome pair data used localize centromere linkage_group whose orientation previously unknown applied combination interval_mapping single marker analysis segregating maternal paternal allele microsatellite locus four spawning_date qtls suggestive_evidence additional two qtls detected female trout spawning year age similarly detected three qtls body_weight female year age plus four suggestive qtls trait found marginal evidence three pair ancestral homeologues contained detectable qtls trait one three pair homeologues duplicated qtl region mapped relative chromosomal location exact localization qtl position one pair difficult infer since based data map the existing data unable refute hypothesis duplicated functional gene maintained within telomeric_region salmonid due preferential crossing region two four spawning_date qtls detected linkage_group unknown homeologous relationship qtls possible_pleiotropic effect spawning_date body_size localized two linkage_group', 'qualitative trait locus qtl growth meat_quality trait cattle bos_taurus previously_mapped three chromosome region chromosome evaluated allele_frequency single_nucleotide polymorphism snp bovine myogenic factor qtl region association live_weight meat characteristic indigenous_chinese cattle breed methodology showed mutation least_square analysis_revealed significant association snp backfat_thickness meat_tenderness significant association found live_weight loin_eye height loin_eye area rib area water_holding capacity allele_frequency five breed jiaxian_red luxi nanyang_qinchuan xianan crossbreed respectively the genotype distribution allele two chinese cattle breed_luxi qinchuan equilibrium three breed jiaxian_red nanyang xianan agreement equilibrium the genotypic_frequency among five cattle breed showed_moderate diversity polymorphism information content based finding_suggest gene influence back_fat thickness meat_tenderness chinese bos_taurus this snp could_useful selection meat_quality trait cattle', 'background currently pastoral farmer rely anthelmintic drenches control gastrointestinal parasitic_nematode sheep resistance anthelmintic rapidly increasing nematode population farm none drench family completely effective well established host_resistance nematode_infection moderately_heritable trait this_study undertaken identify region genome quantitative_trait locus qtl contain gene affecting resistance parasitic_nematode result ram obtained_crossing nematode_parasite resistant_susceptible selection line used derive five large family comprising_offspring per sire total offspring comprised lamb extensive measurement range parasite_burden immune_function trait offspring allowed lamb pedigree ranked relative resistance_nematode parasite initially resistant_susceptible progeny pedigree used genome_scan used microsatellite_marker spread across sheep autosome this_study identified chromosome region showing sufficient linkage warrant genotyping offspring after genotyping offspring marker_covering chromosome telomeric_end chromosome identified significant qtl parasite_resistance measured number trichostrongylus spp adult abomasum small_intestine end_second parasite_challenge two qtl associated immune_function trait total serum_ige colubiformis specific serum igg end_second parasite_challenge identified chromosome conclusion despite parasite_resistance moderately_heritable trait large study able_identify single significant qtl associated the qtl concerned adult parasite_burden end_second parasite_challenge lamb approximately month old our failure discover qtl suggests gene controlling trait relatively_small effect the large number suggestive qtl discovered one per family per trait would expected chance also support conclusion', 'the_objective study identify polymorphism using bovine_chromosome snp panel accounting effect linkage_disequilibrium information sire heterozygosity used_select marker linkage analysis bovine_chromosome milk_production trait holstein animal result_show putative milk peak fat_yield peak protein_yield peak fat per_cent peak protein per_cent peak once quantitative_trait locus position established allele_substitution effect marker evaluated using statistical_model overlaying information quantitative_trait locus qtl allele effect analysis enabled identification snp milk_yield qtl fat_yield peak protein_yield peak fat per_cent peak protein per_cent peak one snp particular showed association trait milk fat protein_yield overall combining_information linkage_disequilibrium sire heterozygosity genetic knowledge trait enabled characterization additional marker significant association milk_production trait', 'chinese_erhualian prolific pig breed world the breed exhibit exceptionally large floppy ear identify gene underlying typical feature previously performed genome_scan large_scale white_duroc erhualian_cross mapped major qtl ear_size region chromosome herein_performed analysis defined qtl within region historically feature selected ancient sacrificial culture erhualian_pig using selective_sweep analysis refined critical region interval containing annotated gene four gene expressed ear_tissue piglet gene ppard stood strongest candidate_gene established role skin homeostasis cartilage development fat metabolism differential_expression ppard found ear_tissue different growth stage erhualian duroc_pig screened coding_sequence variant ppard gene identified one missense_mutation conserved functionally important domain the mutation showed perfect concordance qtl genotype founder animal segregating white_duroc erhualian_cross occurred high frequency exclusively chinese breed moreover mutation functional significance mediates target gene expression crucial fat_deposition skin furthermore mutation significantly_associated ear_size across experimental_cross diverse outbred_population worldwide survey haplotype diversity revealed mutation event chinese origin likely domestication taken_together provide_evidence ppard variation underlying major qtl', 'scan_performed detect_quantitative trait locus qtl resistance_gastrointestinal parasite ectoparasitic keds segregating soay_sheep population kilda the mapping panel consisted single pedigree individual genotyped the soay linkage_map used scan comprised marker_covering whole_genome average_spacing the trait investigated strongyle faecal_egg count_fec coccidia faecal oocyst count foc count keds melophagus ovinus qtl mapping performed mean variance_component analysis genetic_parameter study trait also estimated compared_previous study soay domestic_sheep strongyle fec coccidia foc showed_moderate heritability respectively lamb low_heritability adult ked count appeared low lamb adult genome_scan performed trait moderate_heritability two genomic_region reached level suggestive linkage coccidia foc lamb logarithm chromosome respectively believe first study report qtl search parasite_resistance animal population therefore may represent useful_reference similar study_aimed understanding_genetics wild', 'genetic_parameter fatty_acid composition estimated scottish_blackface sheep previously divergently_selected carcass lean content lean_fat line furthermore qtl identified fatty_acid fatty_acid phenotypic measurement made male lamb approximately age lamb genotyped across candidate region chromosome fatty_acid composition measurement included total fatty_acid category saturated monounsaturated polyunsaturated total fat_content estimated sum fatty_acid the fat line greater fat_content oleic_acid le linoleic_acid docosapentaenoic_acid lean line saturated_fatty acid moderately_heritable ranging total sfa highly_heritable monounsaturated_fatty acid moderately highly_heritable acid heritable total mufa highly_heritable polyunsaturated_fatty acid also moderately highly_heritable arachidonic acid_cla heritable value respectively the total pufa moderately_heritable the qtl analysis performed_using regression_interval mapping technique total qtl detected chromosomal_region the significant qtl affected sfa mufa pufa the significant result qtl affecting linolenic acid chromosome this qtl segregated family explained_phenotypic variance also significant qtl identified chromosome qtl segregating family detected position the result study demonstrate altering carcass fatness simultaneously change fat_content oleic linoleic docosapentaenoic_acid content the heritabilities fatty_acid indicate opportunity genetically altering fatty_acid moreover first_report detection qtl directly affecting fatty_acid composition sheep', 'whirling_disease caused pathogen myxobolus cerebralis lead skeletal deformation neurological impairment certain condition mortality juvenile salmonid fish the disease impacted propagation survival many salmonid specie six continent particularly negative consequence rainbow_trout ass genetic_basis whirling_disease resistance rainbow_trout mapping initiated using large outbred_rainbow trout family result confirmed three additional outbred family per family single quantitative_trait locus qtl region chromosome identified large mapping family confirmed additional family this region explains_phenotypic variance across family therefore data establish single qtl region capable explaining large percentage phenotypic_variance contributing whirling_disease resistance this_first genetic region discovered contributes directly whirling_disease phenotype finding move field closer mechanistic understanding resistance important disease salmonid fish', 'facial eczema hepatogenous mycotoxicosis sheep caused fungal toxin sporidesmin resistance multigenic trait identify qtl associated trait scan ovine_chromosome implemented addition investigated possible positional_candidate gene sequence homology yeast protein functional role xenobiotic transporter the sequence ovine cdna obtained liver mrna race the predicted protein sequence_share identity mammalian protein snp identified within exon exon_intron the intron snp used map ovine_chromosome distal microsatellite_marker interestingly chromosomal_region contains weak evidence qtl detected previous_experiment investigate association allele_frequency three snp plus three neighbouring microsatellite_marker tested difference sheep selected significant difference detected allele_frequency intronic snp marker among resistant_susceptible control line difference level expression resistant_susceptible animal detected northern hybridisation liver rna sample however significantly_higher expression observed sheep compared naïve animal our inference gene may_play minor role sensitivity sheep least within selection line', 'obesity represents major global public health problem increase risk cardiovascular metabolic disease the pig represent exceptional biomedical model related energy_metabolism obesity_human pinpoint causal genetic factor common_form obesity conducted local genomic novo sequencing porcine qtl region affecting fatness trait carried snp association study backfat_thickness intramuscular_fat content pig order relate association study pig human obesity performed targeted genome_wide association study subcutaneous_fat thickness cohort population korean individual these combined association study human pig revealed significant snp located gene family sequence_similarity member associated subscapular thickness human backfat_thickness pig our combined association study also suggest eight neuronal gene responsible subcutaneous_fat thickness these_result provide strong support major involvement cns genetic_predisposition common_form obesity', 'vertnin_vrtn involved variation vertebral_number pig located sus_scrofa chromosome vertebral_number related body_size pig many report suggested presence association body_length meat production trait therefore analyzed relationship vrtn genotype production body_composition trait purebred_duroc pig intramuscular_fat content_imf longissimus_muscle significantly_associated vrtn genotype the mean imf individual genotype greater individual genotype addition best_linear unbiased predictor multiple trait animal model showed allele positive effect imf breeding_value association observed vrtn genotype production trait the vrtn genotype related the genotype individual longer individual genotype these_result suggest addition maintenance appropriate backfat_thickness value vrtn potential act genetic marker imf', 'study potential association prp_genotype health productive trait investigated data recorded animal inra breed sapinière inra experimental_farm the population_consisted ram ewe produced lamb the animal categorized three prp_genotype class arr homozygous arr heterozygous animal without arr allele two analysis differing approach considered carried firstly potential association prp_genotype disease salmonella_resistance production wool carcass trait studied the data used included genotyped animal salmonella_resistance wool carcass trait respectively the different trait analyzed using animal model prp_genotype effect included_fixed effect association analysis indicate evidence effect prp_genotype trait studied breed secondly quantitative_trait locus qtl detection approach using prnp gene marker applied ovine_chromosome interval_mapping used evidence one qtl affecting mean fiber_diameter found prnp gene however linkage prnp qtl imply unfavorable linkage_disequilibrium prnp selection purpose', 'searched quantitative_trait locus qtl underlying trait pedigree soay_sheep genetic map using marker average_spacing established previously trait examined included birth_date weight considered maternal offspring trait foreleg length hindleg length body_weight measured animal august jaw length metacarpal length measured cleaned skeletal material case data split consider different age_class separately yielding total trait studied genetic environmental component phenotypic_variance estimated trait trait showing nonzero heritability qtl search conducted comparing polygenic model model including putative qtl support qtl significance found chromosome jaw length suggestive qtl found chromosome birth_date trait lamb birth_weight trait lamb adult hindleg length discus prospect refining estimate qtl position effect size study population qtl search pedigree general', 'scrapie transmissible spongiform_encephalopathy sheep goat susceptibility neurodegenerative disease mainly controlled point_mutation prnp locus other gene apart prnp reported modulate scrapie basis several study alzheimer different transmissible spongiform_encephalopathy model chosen putative positional_functional candidate_gene might_involved polygenic variance mentioned present_work ovine gene including promoter regulatory region isolated characterized several sequence polymorphism also identified localized gene ovine_chromosome confirmed linkage analysis this chromosome region shown include quantitative_trait locus qtl scrapie_incubation period sheep expression analysis carried spleen cerebellum sample difference expression gene found tissue control infected animal sample nevertheless association analysis_revealed several polymorphism region gene differentially distributed among animal different response scrapie infection thus result presented support_hypothesis could positional_functional candidate_gene modulating response scrapie sheep', 'qinchuan red yellow draft beef breed_china order_identify predictor carcass trait basis association carcass trait gene polymorphism variation bovine chemerin gene investigated using conformational_polymorphism dna_sequencing snp located exon bos_taurus chemerin gene detected sample six breed jiaxian_red luxi nan yang qinchuan simmental luxi crossbred steer china three genotype found based test genotype frequency six breed found equilibrium possible association carcass trait investigated qinchuan_cattle animal genotype found significantly lower_mean loin_eye area meat_tenderness compared genotype however significant association individual haplotype backfat_thickness water_holding capacity marbling_score suggest could_used molecular_marker selection carcass trait', 'ass whether mutation responsible similar phenotype attributed ovine_chromosome quantitative_trait locus qtl different sheep breed suffolk_texel charollais ram british commercial flock genotyped two single_nucleotide polymorphism snp located myostatin region previously detected progeny belgian_texel ram exhibiting muscular hypertrophy the first snp located_upstream transcription_start site second snp utr the allele absent suffolk sire sampled almost fixed texel segregating charollais sire mixed_model association analysis using snp data charollais lamb paternal_family phenotype pedigree data lamb revealed snp significant association muscle_depth the snp segregating intermediate frequency exhibited strong_linkage disequilibrium animal genotype significantly greater muscle_depth either genotype allele likely causative_mutation additive_effect dominance_effect based estimated allelic effect sample allele_frequency snp explained_additive genetic_variance muscle_depth the maximum genetic_variance trait attributed snp would attained allele_frequency our_finding indicate selection using two snp would_beneficial charollais breed', 'although susceptibility_scrapie largely_controlled prnp gene searched additional genomic_region affect scrapie_incubation time sheep using two family susceptible prnp genotype naturally infected scrapie quantitative_trait locus detected', 'genome_scan conducted basis daughter_design detect_quantitative trait locus qtl influencing udder_morphology trait spanish_churra dairy sheep total ewe belonging family genotyped_microsatellite marker_covering kosambi ovine autosomal genome phenotypic trait included score linear udder trait udder_depth udder_attachment teat placement teat size udder shape quantitative measurement qtl analysis calculated trait evaluation score using yield_deviation corrected fixed environmental effect joint_analysis family using regression identified region exceeded_significance threshold chromosome based result analysis carried identify family segregated according qtl estimate qtl effect the allelic_substitution effect individual family ranged phenotypic_standard deviation_unit udder shape chromosome udder_depth chromosome respectively these qtl region provide starting_point research aimed characterization genetic_variability involved udder trait churra_sheep this_paper present first_report sheep genome_scan trait dairy sheep outbred_population', 'the_aim research gain better_understanding genomic regulation meat_quality investigating individual epistatic qtl population pietrain crossbred dam_line total animal genotyped marker analysed trait included reflectance value conductivity meat_colour thirteen significant individual qtl identified the significant qtl detected meat_colour conductivity accounting_phenotypic variance nine significant epistatic qtl pair detected accounting_phenotypic variance epistatic qtl pair showing largest_effect reflectance value two location explaining_phenotypic variance respectively this_study indicates meat_quality trait influenced numerous qtl well complex network interaction', 'the leptin_receptor lepr gene considered candidate_gene fatness trait located ssc region quantitative_trait locus qtls backfat_thickness fat area_ratio serum_leptin concentration lepc previously detected duroc_purebred population the_objective present_study identify porcine lepr polymorphism examine effect lepr polymorphism fatness trait population the duroc_pig pig evaluated fat area_ratio using image_analysis lepc total seven single_nucleotide polymorphism snp lepr coding_region identified pig base population four snp lepr gene microsatellite_marker ssc genotyped pig during candidate_gene analysis detected significant effect snp exon trait fine_mapping analysis significant qtls fat area_ratio lepc detected near lepr gene region these_result indicated snp lepr strong effect fat area_ratio lepc', 'dissect quantitative_trait locus qtl associated growth examine change qtl effect time gompertz_growth model_fitted longitudinal live_weight data scottish_blackface lamb nine family qtl mapped model parameter weekly live_weight growth_rate using microsatellite_marker chromosome qtl significance using alpha significance_threshold unless otherwise stated varied age growth_rate occurred earlier equivalent qtl live_weight chromosome qtl growth_rate significant week_maximum significance week_maximum growth_rate for live_weight qtl significant week_maximum significance week nominally significant chromosome qtl detected growth_rate birth week family location weight qtl addition position chromosome qtl significant growth_rate week_maximum significance week chromosome qtl significant weight early age birth week growth_rate qtl chromosome significant week fitting growth_curve allowed combination information multiple measurement biologically meaningful variable detection growth qtl observed analysis raw weight data these qtl describe distinct part animal growth_curve trajectory possibly enabling manipulation trajectory', 'the_aim present_study detect_quantitative trait locus qtl serum level cytokine receptor trait related innate immunity pig for_purpose serum_concentration interleukin interleukin ifng receptor receptor measured blood_sample obtained piglet duroc piétrain resource_population dupi mycoplasma hypopneumoniae tetanus toxoid porcine reproductive_respiratory syndrome_virus prrsv vaccination week_age animal genotyped genetic marker_covering autosome qtl analysis performed line cross model using qtl_express single qtl detected almost porcine_autosome among single qtl eight twelve thirteen qtl identified innate_immune trait response_prrsv vaccine respectively besides single qtl six qtl identified model two coupling phase one repulsion phase all qtl significant level including one seven level significance all innate_immune trait influenced multiple_chromosomal region implying multiple gene action some identified qtl coincided_previously reported qtl immune_response disease_resistance newly_identified qtl potentially_involved immune_function the immune trait also influenced environmental_factor like year_birth age parity litter_size the result work shed_new light genetic background innate_immune response finding_helpful identify candidate_gene qtl region related immune competence disease_resistance pig', 'this_paper present result mapping experiment detect_quantitative trait locus qtl resistance haemonchus_contortus infestation merino_sheep the primary trait analysed faecal_worm egg_count response artificial challenge month_age first stage experiment whole_genome linkage analysis used mapping the animal resource used designed flock comprising individual four family the average marker spacing for primary trait qtl combination significant level allelic_substitution effect phenotypic_standard deviation_unit general qtl significant effect faecal_worm egg_count recorded month_age second stage experiment three promising region located chromosome this involved typing closely spaced marker individual designed flock well additional individual selected related population deeper pedigree analysis performed_using linkage approach additive_dominant multiple qtl model multiple qtl model resulted refined qtl position resolution achieved two region because moderate size effect qtl apparent age immune status specificity qtl suggested panel qtl required significant genetic gain achieved within industry via selection', 'improvement milk_production trait dairy sheep required increase competitiveness industry maintain production high quality cheese region mediterranean country le favourable condition additional improvement classical selection could reached gene significant effect relevant trait specifically targeted selection however far study undertaken detect_quantitative trait locus qtl dairy sheep study present complete_genome scan_performed commercial population_spanish churra_sheep identify chromosomal_region associated phenotypic_variation observed milk_production trait eleven family including total ewe analysed following_daughter design regression analysis_revealed significant qtl milk_protein percentage chromosome eight region localized chromosome showed suggestive significant linkage association analysed trait knowledge study represents first complete_genome scan milk_production trait reported dairy sheep the experiment described show analysis commercial dairy sheep population potential increase understanding_genetic determinant complex trait', 'male sheep linkage_map comprising microsatellites generated single family backcross_progeny except ovine_chromosome chromosome yielded lod_score difference greater best map order the map average longer sheep linkage_map map this map employed quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis trait birth week_age custom maximum_likelihood program developed map qtl family strain freely available request the new analysis package offer advantage enabling qtl fixed_effect interaction included model putative qtl identified nine chromosome significant qtl effect qtl sex_interaction range found ovine_chromosome', 'marek_disease lymphoproliferative disease_caused virus_mdv cost_poultry industry nearly billion annually identify_quantitative trait locus qtl affecting susceptibility inbred_line resistant_susceptible mated create chicken the chicken challenged mdv strain moderately virulent age assessed susceptibility the qtl analysis divided three stage stage dna marker selected chicken genetic map typed chicken marker residing near suggestive qtl revealed analysis variance anova stage suggestive marker plus available flanking marker typed chicken three suggestive qtl identified anova stage using interval_mapping program map manager permutation_test two significant two suggestive qtl identified four chromosomal subregions three five locus collected explained_phenotypic variation genetic_variance this_study constitutes first_report domestic_chicken mapping histocompatibility_complex qtl affecting susceptibility', 'marek_disease lymphoproliferative disease chicken induced herpesvirus virus_mdv because significant economic problem poultry_industry great_interest enhancing genetic resistance controlled_multiple gene the influence mhc clearly demonstrated several relevant quantitative_trait locus mapped however single gene influencing resistance identified transcription perturbed mdv recombinant clone due solo insertion reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat may explain loss oncogenicity strain hypothesizing host protein involved resistance screened chicken splenic cdna library yeast assay using bait the chicken growth_hormone structural peptide identified specific interaction verified coimmunoprecipitation immunohistochemical staining indirect immunofluorescence assay indicated coexpressed cell vitro vivo furthermore polymorphism gene associated number tissue tumor commercial white_leghorn chicken mhc genotype conclude may well resistance gene', 'typical problem mapping quantitative_trait locus qtls come missing qtl genotype routine method parameter estimation involving missing data mixture_model maximum_likelihood method_developed alternative qtl mapping method describes mixture several distribution single model heterogeneous_residual variance the two method produce similar result heterogeneous_residual variance method computationally much faster mixture_model approach addition new method automatically generate sampling variance estimated parameter derive new method context qtl mapping binary trait population using heterogeneous_residual variance model identified qtl chromosome control marek_disease susceptibility chicken the qtl alone explains total disease variation', 'three generation swine family produced_crossing japanese_wild boar three large_white female pig used map qtl various production trait here_report result qtl analysis skeletal_muscle fiber composition meat_quality trait based phenotypic_data animal genotypic_data marker_covering almost entire pig genome animal well parent_grandparent the result genome_scan using least_square regression_interval mapping provided_evidence qtl error_rate affected proportion number type_iia muscle_fiber number type_iib relative area type sscx type_iia type_iib minolta_value loin minolta_value loin hematin content quantitative_trait locus error_rate found number type sscx number type_iia number type_iib type_iia minolta_value loin loin fat_content qtl detected trait level some trait associated qtl located genomic_region five qtl located wild_boar allele effect increasing type_iia muscle_fiber decreasing type_iib muscle_fiber these effect expected improve meat_quality', 'map qtl associated disease_resistance avian coccidiosis growth two commercial_broiler line different degree resistance disease crossed generate generation intercrossed produce generation offspring the offspring inoculated sporulated oocysts eimeria maximum five phenotype measured infection intertrait comparison revealed oocyst_shedding good parameter evaluating disease_resistance susceptibility one_hundred nineteen microsatellite_marker covering chicken genome average marker interval used genotyping parent offspring statistical_analysis based data four family revealed locus chromosome associated oocyst_shedding logarithm_odds the genetic_mechanism locus appeared additive the genomic scan also identified three potential growth qtl chromosome these_result provide foundation investigation validate qtl', 'identified quantitative_trait locus qtl explaining large_proportion variation body_weight different age growth chronological age intercross red_junglefowl white_leghorn chicken qtl mapped using forward selection locus significant marginal genetic effect simultaneous search epistatic qtl pair found significant locus contributing trait nine found simultaneous search demonstrates power approach detecting locus affecting complex trait also estimated relative_contribution additive_dominance epistasis effect growth contribution epistasis pronounced prior day_age whereas additive_genetic effect explained major portion genetic_variance later life several detected locus affected either early_late growth very locus affected entire growth process point early_late growth least_extent different genetic regulation', 'qtl explained large_proportion phenotypic difference broiler_layer chicken experimental_cross evaluated commercial_broiler line design_consisting grandsires hen offspring implemented within existing_breeding scheme broiler breeding_company four marker candidate region chicken chromosome selected informativeness grandsires used genotype first two generation using analysis linkage studied marker growth_carcass trait the qtl analysis confirmed presence significant qtl body_weight residual_feed intake chicken chromosome furthermore evidence found qtl affecting relative weight bone muscle thigh four marker_added increase resolution qtl position this increased significance qtl body_weight residual_feed intake showed evidence additional qtl affecting carcass_weight conformation_score this_study showed first_time qtl explains difference broiler_layer segregating line_selected body_weight generation possible explanation could pleiotropic_closely linked effect trait part present_study the result_demonstrate feasibility qtl detection potential selection within commercial_broiler line without altering existing_breeding scheme', 'salmonella enteritidis contamination poultry product major cause foodborne disease worldwide inhibitor apoptosis selected candidate_gene chicken response protein play_critical role apoptotic pathway intracellular bacteria interact host cell prosaposin psap selected positional_candidate gene based previous quantitative_trait locus qtl linkage study using population the offspring outbred sire crossed three diverse highly_inbred dam_line two major_histocompatibility leghorn line named one fayoumi line used define phenotype the bird involved either pathogenic challenge spleen cecum_content bacterial_load quantified vaccination plasma antibody_level vaccine evaluated polymerase_chain fragment_length polymorphism assay developed identify polymorphism snp three gene the offspring heterozygous sire gene genotyped the sire gene significantly_associated cecum_content bacterial_load three combined dam_line cross spleen_bacterial load cross the sire gene also significantly_associated antibody_level vaccine male three combined dam_line cross the sire gene significantly_associated spleen_bacterial load three combined cross interacted genetics cecum_content bacterial_load the sire psap gene significantly interacted sex spleen_bacterial load this_study first demonstrate association snp psap gene vaccine pathogen challenge response chicken', 'used simultaneous mapping interacting quantitative_trait locus qtl pair study various growth trait chicken intercross the method shown increase number detected qtls compared traditional method_detecting qtls marginal genetic effect epistasis shown important contributor genetic_variance growth largest impact early growth week_age there also evidence discrete set interacting_locus involved early growth supporting previous_finding different genetic regulation early_late growth chicken the relationship evaluated interacting qtl pair evaluated qtl pair could assigned one four cluster pair cluster similar genetic effect growth the genetic effect pair indicate commonly occurring heterosis multiplicative interaction the result study clearly illustrate increase_power obtained using novel method simultaneous_detection epistatic qtl also visualization relationship epistatic qtl pair provides_new insight biological_mechanism underlying_complex trait', 'sequence analysis end ornithine_decarboxylase gene chicken noninbred white_leghorn strain revealed total polymorphism transition transversions deletion insertion despite high number polymorphism haplotype present among allele analyzed based genetic distance haplotype segregated early domestication chicken ornithine_decarboxylase pivotal enzyme regulating synthesis polyamines cation important regulator cell division differentiation apoptosis variant ornithine_decarboxylase therefore expected affect many different trait association analysis genotype major egg_production trait female chicken strain revealed significant effect onset_sexual maturity sexual_maturity eggshell_thickness measure calcium deposition residual_feed consumption measure metabolic rate further comparison genotype indicated haplotype differ phenotypic property our_result show variation gene ubiquitously expressed cell organism may nevertheless contribute distinct phenotypic property organism whole', 'this_study investigated_whether quantitative_trait locus qtl identified experimental_cross chicken provide short cut identification qtl commercial population commercial population broiler targeted chromosomal_region qtl trait associated meat production previously detected extreme cross design_consisting grandsires hen offspring implemented within existing_breeding scheme broiler breeding_company the first two generation typed microsatellite_marker spanning region nine chicken chromosome covering total approximately chicken genome using analysis multiple qtl model linkage studied region growth_carcass trait out trait region comparison qtl exceeded_threshold significance additional qtl significant nominal level many qtl affect carcass proportion feed_intake published study given intensive_selection efficient growth broiler generation surprising many qtl affecting trait still_segregating future effort could elucidate whether ancestral mutation still_segregating result pleiotropic_effect fitness trait whether variation due new mutation', 'very low_density major constituent low_density lipoprotein involved_lipid transportation chicken the current_study designed_investigate association gene polymorphism chicken growth body_composition trait the iowa growth composition resource_population established_crossing broiler sire_dam unrelated highly_inbred line leghorn fayoumi the bird intercrossed within dam_line produce related population body_weight body_composition trait measured population primer region designed database chicken genomic sequence single_nucleotide polymorphism snp parental_line detected dna_sequencing method_developed genotype snp population there polymorphism sequenced broiler leghorn the polymorphism broiler fayoumi associated multiple trait growth body_composition male individual including breast_muscle weight drumstick weight tibia_length this research suggests tightly_linked gene broad effect growth development chicken', 'basis qtl study yield trait annexin protein fatty_acid transport protein type diacylglycerol selected candidate_gene three different single_nucleotide polymorphism snp bovine gene tested selective_genotyping design yield significant allele_frequency difference found animal high_low breeding_value yield regression analysis also showed_significant effect estimated_breeding value_ebv fat milk content polymorphism gene fall significant quantitative_trait locus interval yield previously_reported bovine_chromosome dairy population our_result suggest gene polymorphism linked segregating qtl contributes variation yield', 'work analysed genetic marker localized commercial population_spanish churra_sheep detect qtl underlie milk_fatty acid_composition trait following_daughter design analysed ewe distributed family eight microsatellite_marker three novel snp identified two gene related fatty_acid metabolism carboxylase_alpha acaca fatty_acid synthase_fasn genotyped whole population study the phenotypic trait considered study included measurement related composition milk three milk_production trait milk_protein percentage milk fat_percentage milk_yield regression analysis_revealed four significant qtl level influencing content capric acid lauric acid linoleic conjugated acid_cla polyunsaturated_fatty acid_pufa respectively the peak qtl affecting pufa_content milk map close fasn gene evaluated putative positional_candidate qtl the qtl influencing content reach maximum_significance close gene coding insulinotropic polypeptide able find candidate_gene related fat metabolism qtl influencing cla content located proximal_end chromosome further_research effort needed_confirm refine qtl location reported', 'the_objective study detect_quantitative trait locus qtl affecting direct_maternal calving trait first calving danish_holstein population distinguish pleiotropic linked qtl chromosome region affecting one trait detect qtl affecting stillbirth_calving difficulty calf_size could_used selection improve calving_performance son genotyped_microsatellites grandsire_family autosome total significant qtl chromosome detected using linear_regression model for direct_calving trait qtl significantly affected calving_difficulty qtl affected stillbirth qtl affected_calf size subjectively assessed farmer categorical trait when maternal component trait tested significant effect qtl calving_difficulty qtl stillbirth qtl calf_size the variance_component mapping approach used_estimate relative posterior_probability linkage pleiotropic model the probable model indicated pleiotropic qtl chromosome linked qtl chromosome chromosome seemed harbor qtl pleiotropic_effect direct_calving trait linked maternal_stillbirth marker chromosome used_select new breeding candidate produce daughter efficient calving_performance', 'describe result genetic dissection qtl region chicken chromosome shown affect egg_weight quality earlier genome_scan intercross two divergent egg_layer line confidence_interval detected qtl covered ten centimorgans new analysis needed the datasets denser marker interval characterise qtl region analysis candidate_gene original qtl region vimentin support role controlling egg white thinning even reanalysis additional seven marker qtl area confidence_interval remained large even increased suggesting_presence multiple linked qtl trait grid search fitting two qtl chromosome trait suggested two distinct qtl area affecting egg white thinning production period egg_weight late production period the result_indicate possible_pleiotropic effect qtl egg quality egg_weight however possible make distinction close linkage versus pleiotropic_effect', 'feather_pecking detrimental behaviour chicken performed individual flock studied red_junglefowl ancestor domestic_chicken white_leghorn laying_hen bird two line from growth feed_consumption measured age sexual_maturity egg_production female corticosterone_level male also measured from sex parental bird body_composition respect bone_mineral content muscle fat obtained examination using dual absorptiometry dxa femur bird bone_density structure analysed using dxa peripheral quantitative computerized tomography pqct biomechanical analysis bone_strength performed furthermore plumage condition determined_bird measure exposed feather_pecking using scan quantitative_trait locus qtl associated behaviour performed least frequent red_junglefowl white_leghorn strain studied significantly common among female parental strain phenotypically linked early sexual_maturation fast growth weak bone male also high fat accumulation indicating feather pecker different resource allocation pattern behaviourally feather pecker active open field test novel object test restraint test indicating feather_pecking might genetically linked proactive coping strategy only_one suggestive qtl low explanatory value found chromosome showing many gene small effect probably involved causation feather_pecking there significant effect sire_dam risk victim feather_pecking victim grew faster lower corticosterone_level le active restraint test hence wide array behavioural developmental trait genetically linked', 'scan_carried detect_quantitative trait locus qtl affecting sensory organoleptic physical_chemical property meat the study used phenotypic_data bull calf charolais_holstein experimental_population loin_muscle sample evaluated yield force intramuscular_fat nitrogen content myofibrillar fragmentation_index haem pigment concentration moisture_content postmortem sensory assessment performed grilled loin roasted silverside joint trained panellist linear_regression analysis based marker revealed qtl significance_level sensory trait physical_chemical trait five highly_significant the significant qtl located chromosome best likely_position affected haem pigment concentration the holstein allele qtl associated increase haem score qtl identified chromosome qtl moisture_content identified chromosome two highly_significant qtl identified sensory trait beef odour intensity grilled sample chromosome juiciness roast sample chromosome the proportion_phenotypic variance_explained significant qtl ranged nitrogen content chromosome juiciness roast sample chromosome', 'total israeli_holstein cow daughter_sire genotyped_microsatellites spanning chromosome analyzed daughter_design economic trait milk fat protein_yield fat protein_percentage somatic_cell score female_fertility herd_life milk persistency quantitative_trait locus significance obtained fat protein_yield fat_percentage somatic_cell score female_fertility peak obtained fat protein_yield fat_percentage somatic_cell score herd_life female_fertility the confidence_interval quantitative_trait locus location kilogram fat fertility somatic_cell score two locus affecting fertility opposite end chromosome apparently segregating population quantitative_trait locus fertility near centromere confirmed application modified granddaughter_design single family estimated frequency economically favorable_allele israeli_holstein cattle le significant genetic gain fertility seems possible selection', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl mapping project implemented mainly holstein_dairy cattle breed several trait the_aim study map qtl milk_yield milk_protein percent brown_swiss cattle population austria germany italy considered study single population selective_dna pooling approach using milk sample applied map qtl paternal daughter family offspring spanning individual per family three family sampled germany italy austria jointly austria italy the pool comprised highest lowest performing daughter ranked estimated_breeding value combination for tail independent pool randomly chosen daughter constructed sire marker allele_frequency obtained densitometry shadow correction analysis allocated autosomal marker particular emphasis placed bos_taurus chromosome marker association false_discovery rate resulted nominal respectively sire marker association tested false_discovery rate within significant marker yielded nominal respectively there total significant marker trait marker significant trait qtl region found present_study affected affected affected remarkably qtl region affected brown_swiss also affected research reported qtl map used comparison finding study http http http similarly qtl region brown_swiss affected affected database thus many qtl appear common brown_swiss breed database mainly holstein appreciable fraction qtl appears affect primarily exclusively little effect trait although qtl information available today brown_swiss population utilized within family selection approach knowledge qtl segregating whole population boost gene identification ultimately implementation efficiency individual genomic program', 'apolipoprotein apob synthesized mammalian small_intestine liver serf essential_role assembly secretion lipoprotein constituent low_density lipoprotein intermediate density_lipoprotein low_density lipoprotein ldl ligand ldl receptor the present_study designed_investigate effect apob_gene chicken growth deposition adipose_tissue the northeast_agricultural university_broiler line_divergently selected abdominal_fat used two novel polymorphism synonymous_mutation exon deletion stop code tga apob_gene found association polymorphism trait detected using single marker haplotype analysis result showed haplotype polymorphism apob_gene linked potential major locus gene affecting body growth_fatness trait the result present_study suggest primary function apob_gene chicken also suggest use molecular genetic marker associated apob_gene used selection_program low abdominal_fat', 'locate_quantitative trait locus qtl intramuscular_fat deposition marbling local population japanese_black cattle performed genome_scan using paternal_family bull marbling qtl mapped region flanked bovine_chromosome bta affecting total family variance haplotype analysis qtl region revealed allele transmitted dam hand bull maternal bull receive allele dam based following finding marbling qtl detected bull paternal_family recombination qtl region observed maternal chromosome bull iii steer_bull exhibited significantly_higher marbling steer_bull remaining steer_bull precisely compare maternal chromosome bull constructed bacterial_artificial chromosome contig covering region developed dna marker the recombination occurred indicating marbling qtl region flanked', 'meat_tenderness difficult improve using standard genetic selection marker_assisted selection hold great promise marker meat_tenderness identified here_report quantitative_trait locus qtl beef tenderness identified animal three belmont red pedigree screening whole_genome using dna marker addition usual peak_force measurement tenderness also measured using compression adhesion peak_force three qtl meat_tenderness longissimus_lumborum muscle found two reported one located interval bovine_chromosome lod effect phenotypic_standard deviation tensile strength cooked muscle measured adhesion second qtl located_near bovine_chromosome lod effect phenotypic_standard deviation compression the third qtl region bovine_chromosome previously_reported qtl affecting peak_force this region also show effect compression combined tenderness index these qtl myofibrillar component meat_tenderness qtl found peak_force estimate connective_tissue component muscle meat_tenderness', 'five chromosome selected joint quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis clinical_mastitis somatic_cell score_sc breed finnish_ayrshire swedish_red white_srb danish_red total grandsires_son grandsires_son srb grandsires_son used study these individual genotyped_microsatellite marker used previous qtl scan selected chromosome qtl analysis based linear_regression model carried sc identify segregating sire region segregating family joint_analysis performed_using variance_component model the analysis confirmed qtl affecting_sc segregate bos_taurus autosome_bta whereas qtl could_confirmed our_result indicate may least linked qtl one primarily_affect second primarily_affect sc chromosome joint_analysis significant sc', 'scan_conducted progeny wagyu_limousin cross identify_quantitative trait locus qtl affecting palatability fatty_acid composition beef endpoint identified seven qtl five chromosome involved_lipid metabolism tenderness none gene_encoding major enzyme involved fatty_acid metabolism fatty_acid synthase_fasn carboxylase_alpha acaca solute_carrier family facilitated glucose transporter member desaturase_scd gene_encoding subunit fatty_acid elongase located qtl region the present_study may_lead healthier product consumer improved selection palatability lipid content beef', 'the_aim study_investigate quantitative_trait locus qtl previously identified region chicken chromosome relating body_weight conformation_score variance_component analysis implemented compared using qtl_express software data design consisted dam family nested sire_family trait value offspring chicken chromosome showed nominal_significance qtl affecting body_weight conformation linkage confirmed trait chromosome result varied according method analysis common_parent method', 'previously_mapped quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting trait rate day heifer bovine_chromosome the_purpose study confirm_refine position qtl using denser marker map fine_mapping method five family previously showed segregation qtl included study the mapping population_consisted bull granddaughter_design all bull genotyped_microsatellite marker surrounding qtl chromosome also analysed correlated trait number_insemination per service period heifer both trait describe heifer ability become pregnant insemination linkage analysis linkage_disequilibrium combined_linkage linkage_disequilibrium analysis used_analyse data analysis family jointly linkage analysis resulted significant broad qtl peak rate result combined analysis gave sharp qtl peak maximum marker position highest peak linkage_disequilibrium analysis found one sire_family segregated clearly position difference effect two sire haplotype percentage unit rate significant result found number_insemination combined analysis', 'feed_intake feed_efficiency beef_cattle economically_relevant trait the study conducted_identify qtl feed_intake feed_efficiency beef_cattle using genotype information microsatellite_marker snp genotyped across progeny angus_charolais alberta_hybrid bull trait analyzed_include feedlot adg daily_dmi ratio reciprocal efficiency gain_residual feed_intake rfi mixed_model sire random qtl effect fixed used generate profile across within family trait along chromosome followed empirical permutation_test determine_significance threshold qtl detection putative qtl adg detected across family chromosome for dmi putative qtl exceeded_threshold detected chromosome analysis putative qtl influencing exceeded_threshold detected chromosome putative qtl influencing rfi exceeded_threshold detected chromosome analysis addition total chromosome showed suggestive_evidence putative adg dmi_rfi qtl respectively most qtl detected across family also detected within family although location across family necessarily location within family likely difference among family marker informativeness different linkage_group the location direction qtl effect reported study suggest potentially favorable pleiotropic_effect underlying gene further study required_confirm qtl population potential_application selection management beef_cattle', 'genome_scan detect_quantitative trait locus qtl affecting body_weight chicken conducted chicken reciprocal_cross silky fowl white_plymouth rock using microsatellite_marker covering_autosome chromosome two type qtl considered static qtl developmental qtl static qtl affected body_weight hatch time affected body_weight time time six nine detected qtl four reached_significance better significant qtl static chromosome explained_phenotypic variation body_weight week_age week significance_threshold developmental located chromosome explained_phenotypic variation body_weight week significance_level the result_suggest body_weight hatch time developmental growth time time may involve two different set gene gene action', 'association microsatellite_marker trait related growth_fatness investigated using resource broiler population male backcrossed female produce sire_dam backcross generation these parent_genotyped microsatellite_marker following mating among parent progeny phenotyped five growth trait body_weight day hatch wog weight front half weight breast weight tender weight_abdominal fat weight maximum_likelihood analysis used_estimate marker effect evaluate statistical_significance individual analysis_revealed significant association combination correction_multiple comparison controlling false_discovery rate_fdr resulted significant association fdr marker chromosome percent significant association displayed dependence either hatch gender half remaining association displayed dependence quantitative_trait locus qtl effect hatch gender interaction thus analysed trait study may dependent external factor', 'the_objective study identify qtl affecting susceptibility mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection holstein twelve paternal_family selected study based large number daughter production limited relationship_among sire serum faecal_sample daughter_sire obtained disease testing case definition infected cow elisa ratio positive faecal_culture three family selected genotyping based high apparent prevalence infected cow high faecal_culture prevalence positive faecal_culture large number daughter tested disease dna_pooling used genotype cow average microsatellites within sire_family infected cow positive pool matched two herdmates lactation negative pool control herd age effect eight chromosomal_region putatively linked susceptibility paratuberculosis infection identified using significant result rigorously tested individually genotyping cow three five informative_microsatellites within significant marker identified dna_pool probability infection based diagnostic_test estimated individual used dependent variable interval_mapping based analysis evidence presence qtl segregating within family found', 'two commercial pure broiler_line different susceptibility coccidiosis used qtl associated previously identified marker located chromosome shown significantly_associated disease_resistance eight additional microsatellite_marker linked used genotyping parent offspring association oocyst_shedding marker disease_resistance determined_bird experimentally_infected eimeria maximum analysis family showed logarithm_odds lod_score marker locus exception marker located lod_score multipoint analysis showed maximum lod_score lod_score although marker mapped near linkage analysis physical location identified further study determine physical location marker allow additional application association mapping technique using single_nucleotide polymorphism marker', 'scan carcass trait average_daily gain growth finishing period_birth weight hot_carcass weight longissimus_muscle area_lma performed progeny_produced wagyu parent derived eight founder wagyu bull nine significant four suggestive qtl affecting seven growth_carcass trait identified significant qtl located bovine_chromosome qtl previously_reported chromosome lma also detected study these_result provide_insight genetic difference wagyu_limousin breed', 'egg_production trait considerable_economic importance chicken using white_leghorn red_junglefowl intercross standard production measure liver weight colour egg size eggshell_thickness egg taste meat_quality taken total marker_covering autosome chromosome genotyped individual depending trait consideration total nine significant quantitative_trait locus qtl three suggestive qtl found chicken chromosome', 'genotype environment_interaction milk_production trait production level often_observed increase_power quantitative_trait locus qtl detection qtl environment_interaction included qtl analysis milk_protein fat_yield the_aim study detect qtl interaction effect production environment the qtl effect modeled random_regression model production level all autosome except bos_taurus autosome included analysis detailed study chromosome planned for milk_yield qtl observed interaction effect production level suggestive linkage for protein_yield qtl observed interaction effect suggestive linkage for fat_yield qtl observed none interaction effect environment suggestive linkage thus qtl interaction effect seemingly exist milk_yield protein_yield for qtl estimated correlation slope intercept effect close indicated allele segregating the study indicates qtl environment_interaction exist random_regression model describe environment herd production level detect interaction', 'with chicken used model specie used qtl analysis examine genetic contribution bone trait report identification four qtls femoral trait one bone_strength one endosteal_circumference two affecting mineral_density noncortical_bmd highly_heritable phenotype governed element numerous locus study examining genetic contribution bone trait many locus identified human specie the goal study identify_quantitative trait locus qtls_controlling bmd bone_strength intercross wildtype domestic_chicken material and method set marker_covering chromosome chr used genotype intercross domesticated_white leghorn wildtype red_junglefowl chicken dxa pqct used measure bmd bone structure bending test torsional strength test performed determine biomechanical_strength bone qtls mapped using forward selection locus significant marginal effect result four qtls femoral bone trait identified qtl analysis body_weight included covariate qtl chr affected female noncortical_bmd lod syntenic human also located chr locus synteny human affected endosteal_circumference lod chr qtl corresponding human affected bmd female noncortical lod metaphyseal lod bmd pqct bmd dxa lod qtl located chr lod affected bone biomechanical_strength effect addition significant qtls locus suggestive linkage bone trait identified conclusion four qtls identified two noncortical_bmd one endosteal_circumference one affecting bone biomechanical_strength the future identification gene responsible qtls increase understanding vertebrate skeletal biology', 'the goal study detect_quantitative trait locus qtl carcass trait applicable breeding system japanese_black cattle population purebred paternal_family commercial_line composed steer initially analyzed using informative_microsatellites giving average interval covering_autosome significant qtl marbling detected centromeric portion bovine_chromosome bta after additional marker genotyping across larger_sample size composed individual locus refined confidence_interval microsatellites threshold the allele_substitution effect beef_marbling standard score range total phenotypic_variance qtl contribution family this result provides primary platform selection system beef_marbling trait within japanese_black wagyu cattle population', 'osteoporosis resulting progressive loss structural bone period hen associated increased susceptibility bone breakage study genetic_basis bone_strength cross produced line hen divergently_selected bone index commercial pedigreed white_leghorn population quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting bone index component trait index tibiotarsal humeral strength keel radiographic density mapped using phenotypic_data individual family genotype microsatellite_marker linkage_group covering approximately genome analysed association phenotype using regression analysis there one significant qtl chromosome bone index component trait tibiotarsal humeral breaking_strength additive_effect tibiotarsal breaking_strength represented trait standard_deviation phenotypic_variance trait these qtl bone quality poultry directly relevant commercial population', 'the current_study comprehensive genome analysis detect qtl affecting metabolic trait chicken two unique cross generated commercial_broiler male line genetically distinct inbred_line leghorn fayoumi used present_study the plasma glucagon insulin lactate glucose thyroxine growth_factor growth_factor concentration measured cross bird genotyped_microsatellite marker across_entire genome the program qtl_express used qtl detection significance_level obtained using permutation_test for trait total significant qtl detected significance_level significant level cross cross respectively most qtl metabolic trait present_study detected gga cross gga cross phenotypic_variation trait explained qtl across genome ranged cross cross several positional_candidate gene within qtl region metabolic trait significance_level biologically associated regulation metabolic_pathway insulin triiodothyronine thyroxine', 'map quantitative_trait locus qtl growth_carcass trait purebred japanese_black cattle population conducted multiple qtl analysis using paternal_family comprising_offspring identified qtl significant linkage false_discovery rate le included intramuscular_fat deposition called marbling cold carcass_weight body_weight the qtl explained_phenotypic variance these qtl included many replication shared hypothetical ibd allele the qtl replicated five family significant linkage two family significance_level the seven sire shared superior haplotype hypothetical ibd allele corresponds critical region previously refined linkage_disequilibrium mapping the qtl marbling replicated two family significant linkage the qtl marbling qtl body_weight replicated significance_level there shared ibd haplotype marbling qtl the allele_substitution effect haplotype ranged additive_effect marbling qtl observed family examined the abundant replicated qtl information enhance opportunity positional_cloning causative gene quantitative_trait efficient breeding using selection', 'body_weight abdominal_fat trait complex important economic trait may benefit implementation ma the_objective current_study identify qtl associated abdominal_fat trait the northeast_agricultural university_resource population used current_study body_weight abdominal_fat weight measured population total individual produced family parent bird genotyped fluorescent microsatellite_marker chromosome linkage_map constructed interval_mapping conducted_identify putative qtl for qtl identified chromosome wide_level qtl grouped_different region qtl identified chromosome wide_level qtl grouped_different region qtl identified suggestive level qtl grouped_different region for abdominal_fat trait qtl identified chromosome wide_level qtl identified chromosome wide_level qtl identified suggestive level the qtl age explained_phenotypic variance qtl abdominal_fat weight explained_phenotypic variance respectively the present_study identified chromosome region_harboring significant qtl affecting abdominal_fat trait the result_provide useful_reference candidate_gene research ma abdominal_fat trait', 'background meat technological trait meat water retention color important consideration improving processing chicken meat these quality trait originally characterized experimental line_selected high_low growth presently quantitative_trait locus qtl trait analyzed population issued cross total animal family genotyped_microsatellite marker_covering linkage_group result the bird exhibit large difference body_weight abdominal_fat content several meat_quality trait min ultimate phu breast breast lower chicken contrast meat higher chicken whereas meat drip_loss similar line bird active shackle line association analysis performed_using interval_mapping qtlmap five significant qtls revealed two one one one addition four suggestive qtls identified qtlmap phu respectively the qtl effect averaged heterozygous family ranged phenotypic_variance further analysis qtlexpress confirmed two qtls meat_color failed_identify qtl revealed suggestive qtls however qtlexpress qualified qtl phu conclusion the present_study identified significant qtls meat technological trait presently assessed chicken except meat lightness this_study highlight effect divergent selection growth_rate behavioral trait muscle biochemistry ultimately meat_quality trait several qtl region identified worthy characterization some qtls may fact suggesting pleiotropic_effect chromosomal_region', 'cross phenotyped skeletal trait week_age genotyped_microsatellite marker interval_mapping identified suggestive significant qtl linkage_group trait additional qtl identified assumption qtl fixed grandparent line relaxed qtl large effect length tarsometatarsus tibia femur weight tibia femur identified six qtl skeletal trait identified genome_wide significant qtl body_weight two body_weight qtl coincide skeletal trait qtl significant evidence imprinting found ten qtl qtl sex_interaction identified trait six allele broiler_line skeletal qtl positive_negative allele bone quality trait tibial dyschondroplasia leg bowing tibia twisting generally originated layer_line suggesting allele inherited broiler protective allele originating layer', 'performed quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis map qtls_controlling shank_length body_weight carcass_weight resource family bird developed cross native japanese cockfighting breed japanese large game white_leghorn breed chicken interval_mapping revealed three significant qtls shank_length chromosome level suggestive shank_length qtl chromosome level for body_weight two qtls one significant suggestive identified chromosome respectively expected qtls carcass_weight highly_correlated body_weight detected chromosomal location detected body_weight qtls interestingly chromosomal location containing body_weight carcass_weight qtls coincided two four shank_length qtls detected qtl epistatic_interaction effect discovered trait the total contribution detected qtls genetic_variance shank_length body_weight carcass_weight respectively indicating shank_length qtls identified many body_weight carcass_weight qtls overlooked present analysis low coverage rate microsatellite_marker used approximately whole_genome', 'three single cross population generated order analyze factor affecting ability detect true linkage minimum false_positive false negative association detect association marker quantitative_trait the three population broiler broiler cross single sire_dam resulting_progeny broiler broiler cross single sire_dam resulting_progeny broiler_layer cross single sire_dam resulting_progeny based three resource_population show gradient selective_genotyping effective random selective_genotyping selective_genotyping significant selected proportion le cumulative truncation point selected individual two tail sufficient show significant association marker phenotype gradient slice approach powerful using replicates extreme group resource_population resulting cross line different background microsatellite_marker used polymorphic also used simulation test factor affecting power_detect true association marker trait hard detect experimental resource_population using defined population simulation concluded following guideline provide reliable detection linked qtls resource_population size larger qtl effect larger detectable reasonable number marker resource_population size subject dna_pool tail trait distribution contain least resource family two dna_pool include individual some guideline deduced simulation analysis confirmed experimental part study', 'mammal thyroid_hormone responsive thrsp small acidic protein responds thyroid_hormone stimulation therefore thought play_role growth the current_study designed_investigate association gene polymorphism chicken growth body_composition trait the northeast_agricultural university_resource population_neaurp used present_study the neaurp established_crossing broiler sire derived northeast_agricultural university_broiler line_divergently selected abdominal_fat content baier layer dam local chinese breed the bird intercrossed produce population body_weight body_composition trait measured population polymorphism gene detected parental_line dna_sequencing primer_designed according chicken gene the polymorphism method_developed genotype polymorphism neaurp the gene population found associated implied gene tightly_linked gene important effect growth chicken', 'chicken population established crossbreeding xinghua line white recessive rock line total chicken family six hatch obtained phenotypic_data individual available analysis total snp initially selected based average physical distance using dbsnp database ncbi after polymorphism level individual individual part individual individual verified informative snp potentially available genotype individual the linkage_map constructed using interval_mapping qtl analysis carried qtl body_weight identified respectively qtl abdominal_fat weight_abdominal fat rate two novel qtl fat_thickness skin fat width detected respectively', 'fourteen brazilian gir sire_family daughter analyzed quantitative_trait locus qtl chromosome affecting lactose total_solid cow sire genotyped_microsatellites mean spacing marker used threshold qtl qualification qtl lactose_yield found close marker three family qtl total_solid yield identified close marker three family qtl lactose percentage close marker identified two family qtl total_solid percentage close marker identified four family these qtls could_used selection animal dairy production_system', 'association study become_possible chicken recent_availability complete_genome sequence polymorphism map single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genotyping_platform used tool study genetic_basis high level heterosis previously observed fatness two population established_crossing one outbred broiler sire_dam two unrelated highly_inbred line fayoumi leghorn population selective_genotyping carried_using phenotypically_extreme male abdominal_fat percentage snp association analysis informative snp per cross showed_significant association marker broiler fayoumi broiler leghorn cross respectively these snp chromosome interestingly snp significantly_associated twice many homozygous genotype associated higher traced_back inbred_line allele although broiler_line average higher these snp considered associated qtl cryptic_allele this_study reveals cryptic_allele important factor heterosis fatness observed two chicken population suggests epistasis common underlying mechanism heterosis cryptic_allele expression the result study also demonstrate power high snp association study discovering qtl detected previous genotyping study', 'marek_disease caused oncogenic avian herpes virus_mdv major_source economic_loss poultry_industry reciprocal backcross population total individual generated crossing two partially_inbred commercial leghorn_layer line known differ mdv_resistance measured survival time challenge mdv qtl affecting resistance identified selective_dna pooling using panel_microsatellite marker_covering chicken genome data_analyzed separately combined data_set marker showing significant association resistance generally appeared block two three separated block nonsignificant marker defined way chromosomal_region qtlr affecting mdv_resistance distributed among chromosome gga identified the identified qtlr include one gene three qtl associated resistance previous_study line three additional qtl associated resistance previous_study present line these qtl could_used selection_ma program mdv_resistance platform mapping positional_cloning resistance gene', 'understanding evolution sexual_ornament particularly female_sexual ornament enduring challenge evolutionary biology key challenge establishing relationship ornament expression female_reproductive investment determining genetic_basis underpinning relationship advance genomics provide unprecedented opportunity study genetic_architecture sexual_ornament model specie here present quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis female_sexual ornament comb fowl gallus_gallus using intercross red_junglefowl domestic line_selected egg_production first demonstrate female somatic investment comb reflects female_reproductive investment despite reproductive skeletal_investment mediated mobilization skeletal mineral egg_production female proportionally large comb also relatively high skeletal_investment second identify major qtl bisexual expression comb_mass several qtl specific female comb_mass importantly qtl comb_mass nonrandomly clustered qtl female_reproductive skeletal_investment chromosome one three together result shed_light onto physiological genetic_architecture female ornament', 'the genetic structure resource_population affect power test detect association dna marker complex trait following chicken interline cross white_plymouth rock background produced multigenerational resource_population based pedigreed generation large sibship parent_genotyped progeny phenotyped breast meat weight fat pad weight egg_production developed approach increase test power imposing several way validation including minimization association some detected association agreement qtls previously_reported literature large fraction screened marker found associated quantitative_trait examined association significant supported literature these association identified marker linked this finding support result obtained resource_population may also give indication general property', 'contribution study genetic_mechanism leading difference_observed growth pattern domesticated_white leghorn_chicken wild ancestor red jungle fowl epistatic qtl analysis several measure hatch adulthood confirms earlier finding polymorphism locus contribute determination intercross population many locus involved complex genetic interaction here use new genetic model decompose genetic effect multilocus epistatic genetic network the result_show functional modeling genetic effect provides_new insight_genetic interaction large set locus jointly contribute phenotypic expression exploring functional effect qtl allele show allele display temporal shift expression genetic effect due dependency genetic background our_result demonstrate effect many gene dependent genetic interaction locus involvement domestication process relies interaction', 'fourteen brazilian dairy gyr sire_family daughter analyzed quantitative_trait locus qtl chromosome using daughter_design economic trait milk fat protein production fat protein_percentage the cow sire genotyped_microsatellites average_spacing marker analysis across family largest significant family within family qtl located milk_yield fat_yield close marker significance_level across family within family for fat_percentage qtl near identified significance_level family analyzed together significance_level within largest significant family the different analysis yielded result generally consistent milk_yield fat_yield fat_percentage the order marker derived map consistent consensus map some qtl candidate_gene dairy_cattle milk_production trait probably preserved bos_taurus bos_indicus', 'background the traditional strategy map qtl use linkage analysis employing limited number marker these analysis report wide qtl confidence_interval making difficult identify gene polymorphism underlying qtl effect the arrival panel snp make available thousand marker increasing information content therefore likelihood detecting fine_mapping qtl region the_aim current_study confirm_previous qtl region growth body_composition trait different generation iberian_landrace intercross ibmap especially identify new one narrow_confidence interval employing beadchip linkage analysis result three generation backcross backcross ibmap related animal genotyped beadchip total snp equidistantly distributed_across autosome selected filtering quality position frequency perform qtl scan the joint separate analysis different ibmap generation allowed confirming qtl region previously identified chromosome well new one mainly backfat_thickness chromosome shoulder_weight chromosome many signification level addition detected qtls displayed narrow_confidence interval_making easier selection positional_candidate gene conclusion the use higher density marker allowed confirm result obtained previous qtl scan_carried microsatellites moreover several new qtl region identified region probably covered marker previous scan qtls displayed narrow_confidence interval finally prominent putative biological positional_candidate gene underlying qtl effect listed based recent porcine genome annotation', 'highly_significant qtl abdominal_fat trait chicken chromosome reported previously unique population the_objective study confirm_refine qtl location compared_previous experiment study added new family including animal pedigree genotyped_microsatellite marker including novel one linkage analysis performed the result linkage analysis showed confidence_interval abdominal_fat percentage narrowed sharply small interval spanning respectively the result present_study showed using marker individual could_decrease confidence_interval qtl effectively current qtl region combining biological knowledge gene result microarray analysis performed divergently_selected lean_fat line several gene stood potential candidate_gene', 'resource_population derived broiler_layer cross used map quantitative_trait locus qtl body_weight day weight_gain feed_intake feed_efficiency day intestinal length chicken genotyped genetic marker_covering linkage_group preliminary qtl mapping report using population focused exclusively regression_method applied model qtl interval_mapping under_model eight qtl detected body_weight day body_weight day intestine length under_model using sire common_parent five qtl detected body_weight day body_weight day body_weight day when dam used common_parent seven qtl mapped body_weight day body_weight day body_weight day growth difference chicken line appear controlled chronological change limited number chromosomal_region', 'background avian coccidiosis major parasitic disease poultry causing severe economical loss poultry production affecting growth feed_efficiency infected bird current control_strategy using mainly drug recently vaccination showing drawback alternative strategy needed using genetic resistance would limit negative costly effect disease would highly relevant the_purpose work detect first_time qtl disease_resistance trait eimeria tenella chicken performing genome_scan cross issued resistant fayoumi line susceptible leghorn line result the qtl analysis detected significant qtl different trait related disease_resistance body_weight growth plasma_coloration hematocrit rectal_temperature lesion chromosome out significant qtl body_weight growth found five significant qtl body_weight growth plasma_coloration hematocrit one plasma_coloration found respectively two suggestive qtl plasma_coloration rectal_temperature found respectively other significant qtl identified effect found qtl body_weight growth plasma_coloration several qtl different resistance phenotype identified location conclusion using cross resistant_susceptible chicken line proved successful strategy identify qtl different resistance trait eimeria tenella opening way gene identification underlying mechanism hopefully possibility new breeding_strategy resistance coccidiosis chicken from qtl region identified several candidate_gene relevant pathway linked innate_immune inflammatory_response suggested these_result combined functional genomics_approach line provide positional_candidate gene resistance locus coccidiosis result suggested also analysis model tackling complexity genetic_architecture correlated disease_resistance trait including potential epistatic effect', 'constructed chicken resource_population facilitate genetic_improvement economically_important trait particularly growth_carcass trait population comprising chicken obtained_crossing shamo lean lightweight japanese native breed male white_plymouth rock breed fat heavyweight broiler female measured carcass_weight abdominal_fat weight afw breast_muscle weight bmw thigh muscle weight tmw used linkage qtl analysis using total microsatellite_marker total qtl detected level qtl significant level trait evaluated population for growth trait significant suggestive qtl affecting measured average_daily gain identified similar region chromosome for carcass trait qtl effect detected chromosome greatest obtained chromosome quantitative_trait locus position affecting bmw tmw detected locus detected bmw percentage tmw percentage for afw qtl position detected locus detected afw percentage the present_study identified significant qtl affecting afw', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl influencing weight_abdominal fat breast_muscle detected chicken chromosome using two successive cross two divergently_selected inra broiler_line based result aim_present study identify number location effect putative qtl performing multitrait analysis whole available data_set data concerned offspring produced sire_dam trait measured animal slaughter first cross second cross week_age the bird genotyped_microsatellite marker evenly spaced along before qtl detection phenotype adjusted fixed_effect sex design hatching group within design body_weight covariable univariate analysis confirmed qtl segregation male offspring female offspring analysis male offspring data using multitrait model led conclude presence two qtl distal_part controlling one trait linked qtl model_applied correction phenotypic value effect distal qtl several qtl discovered central region splitting one large qtl region several distinct qtl neither line appeared fixed qtl genotype these_result important implication prospective fine_mapping study identification underlying gene causal_mutation', 'the identification utilization potential candidate_gene qtl significant effect economically_important trait becoming increasingly important poultry breeding_program chicken growth_factor binding_protein signal_transducer activator_transcription gene essential node signaling_pathway gene network growth reproduction the pooled_dna sequencing approach used identification snp upstream region gene total individual beijing you chicken genotyped snp using modified method association chicken growth reproductive trait studied using glm_procedure the snp growth_factor binding_protein gene associated age snp growth_factor binding_protein gene associated age respectively the snp gene associated age_first egg respectively moreover lewontin snp snp snp gene respectively the snp lay within haplotype_block our_result suggest snp significantly_associated early growth sexual_maturation chicken may potential molecular_marker ma', 'introduction variance_component qtl methodology used_analyse three candidate region chicken chromosome dominant qtl effect data available bodyweight_conformation score measured day commercial_broiler dam_line one_hundred dam nested sire phenotype genotype offspring linear_model constructed simultaneously_estimate fixed polygenic qtl effect different genetic model compared using likelihood_ratio test_statistic derived comparison full reduced null model empirical threshold derived permutation analysis result dominant qtl found bodyweight chicken chromosome bodyweight_conformation score chicken chromosome suggestive_evidence maternally_expressed qtl bodyweight_conformation score found chromosome region corresponding orthologous imprinted region human_mouse conclusion initial result_suggest variance_component analysis applied within commercial population direct detection segregating dominant parent origin effect', 'the ability chicken carry salmonella without displaying disease symptom responsible salmonella propagation poultry stock subsequent human contamination consumption contaminated egg meat the selection animal resistant carrier state might way decrease propagation salmonella poultry stock transmission human five qtl controlling variation resistance carrier state chicken progeny derived white_leghorn inbred_line previously identified using selective_genotyping approach here second analysis whole progeny performed led confirmation two qtl chromosome ass utility genomic_region selection commercial_line tested together qtl identified backcross_progeny candidate_gene used commercial_line divergently_selected either low high resistance young chick adult hen divergent chick line one qtl chromosome one region significantly_associated resistance variation divergent adult line one qtl located major_histocompatibility complex chromosome one region involved variation genetic study conducted experimental line therefore potential interest selection commercial_line', 'anal_atresia relatively common congenital malformation occurs infant caused abnormal hindgut development embryo often associated developmental anomaly currarino syndrome vater association genetic analysis human family exceedingly difficult due multifactorial nature trait pig anal_atresia occurs higher incidence human complete_genome scan microsatellite_marker performed_using backcross_pedigree previously obtained_crossing affected animal partially_inbred line_selected high incidence anal_atresia unaffected male different breed meishan the data_set analyzed classical linkage twopoint nonparametric genetic method npl linkage tdt transmission_disequilibrium test both method support association trait two locus chromosome family_member identified positional_candidate gene based comparative_mapping radiation_hybrid mapping confirmed locus located_within qtl region', 'the_purpose study develop implement least_square model joint_analysis breed cross qtl mapping population evaluate effect joint_analysis qtl detected economic trait data two breed cross pig data growth_carcass composition meat_quality trait cross commercially relevant pig breed used berkshire_yorkshire cross iowa state university isu berkshire_duroc cross university illinois uoi all animal genotyped total isu_uoi marker chromosome marker linkage_map derived individual joint_data similar regard order relative position difference absolute distance existed map joint_data used analysis the individual joint_data set analyzed using several least_square model model mendelian effect halfsib model combined model included effect test model used characterize qtl mode_expression identify segregation qtl within parental breed total qtl detected chromosome genome level isu_uoi joint_data analyzed trait qtl detected joint_data six detected population many allele effect differed two cross despite lack overlap two population joint_analysis resulted increase significance many qtl including detection ten qtl reach significance either population confidence_interval position also smaller several qtl contrast qtl detected level isu_uoi population detected joint_data presence paternally_expressed qtl near region confirmed major effect backfat_loin muscle_area particularly uoi population well one qtl carcass_composition distal arm chromosome result study suggest joint_analysis using range qtl model increase_power qtl mapping qtl characterization help identify gene subsequent selection', 'the glycogen synthase gene_encodes enzyme glycogen synthesis skeletal_muscle promising_candidate gene trait related skeletal_muscle pig study single_nucleotide polymorphism intron detected foki fragment_length polymorphism showed allele_frequency difference among five chinese_indigenous pig breed three western_commercial pig breed linkage analysis assigned gene marker interval meishan_large white reference family the result association analysis interval_mapping suggested foki polymorphism might linked quantitative_trait locus affecting carcass trait detected intercross pedigree the reverse chain_reaction revealed porcine gene expressed spleen lung liver_kidney small_intestine skeletal_muscle heart stomach highest expression skeletal_muscle', 'the_objective research identify qtl affecting number_vertebra swine one major determining factor growth body_composition previously_reported qtl number_vertebra located terminal band arm ssc family produced_crossing göttingen miniature male two meishan female eight swine family subsequently produced cross different breed european asian miniature pig family qtl number_vertebra detected unlike asian allele european allele study effect increasing number_vertebra acted additively without dominance the göttingen miniature sire previously_reported smaller additive_effect seemed heterozygous qtl present_study another qtl found number_vertebra this qtl fixed european pig used parent experimental family european allele increased number_vertebra analysis confirmed qtl segregating commercial large_white population analysis family parental pig fixed alternative allele revealed effect qtl additive similar size the two qtl acted independently without epistatic effect explained increase two vertebra', 'total litter record hungarian large_white sow analysed investigate possible use oestrogen receptor gene esr marker improve litter_size first_second later_parity evaluated separately frequency calculated two esr allele expected number three genotype follows type first_later parity sow superior sow number_born alive_nba total number_born tnb corrected number weaned_piglet cnw respectively', 'gene regulate metabolism energy partitioning potential influence economically_important trait farm_animal polymorphism within gene current_study snp bovine neuropeptide_npy growth_hormone receptor_ghr ghrelin ghrl uncoupling_protein hormone crh cocaine amphetamine regulated transcript cart receptor proopiomelanocortin pomc gene evaluated association growth feed_efficiency carcass_merit beef steer total snp evaluated association trait haplotype_constructed within gene snp showed_significant association snp located_intron ghr gene largest_effect animal dominance_effect feed_efficiency allele_substitution effect another snp located promoter_region ghr similar effect haplotype snp reduced effect snp located_intron three snp npy gene showed association marbling well adg feed_conversion ratio_fcr the combination snp haplotype generally improved association similar scale association single snp only snp snp intron associated adg partial_efficiency growth fcr three snp gene almost complete_linkage disequilibrium showed association lean_meat yield yield_grade dmi snp generally reduced association seen individually snp snp ghrl gene tended show effect residual_feed intake fcr partial_efficiency growth the snp strongly affected area back_fat adg fcr the snp cart pomc crh gene show association trait although snp showed association cause_amino acid_change snp could linked yet detected causative_mutation nearby qtl important verify result cattle population', 'the complete_coding sequence porcine gene isolated using sequence analysis showed porcine gene_encodes protein amino_acid share high homology growth_factor binding_protein eight specie cattle goat chimpanzee human giant panda sheep sumatran orangutan rabbit this gene structured four exon three intron revealed assisted analysis phylogenetic_analysis revealed porcine gene close genetic relationship gene cattle polymorphism analysis_indicated substitution position exon mutation alter encoded amino_acid porcine gene revealed eight pig breed displayed obvious genotype allele_frequency difference polymorphic locus association snp litter_size trait assessed large_white landrace population result demonstrated polymorphic locus significantly_associated litter_size first_parity large_white sow landrace sow these data serve foundation insight novel porcine gene', 'result univariate outbred interval_mapping analysis growth_carcass trait identify qtl ssc compared phenotypic genetic data recorded resource_population including pig cross three berkshire sire duroc dam thirty marker average_spacing approximately genotyped across four chromosome the outbred mixed_model included effect sex birth_month year additive_dominance imprinting coefficient calculated every using interval_mapping random family effect the general model used_describe phenotypic difference included systematic random effect additive coefficient calculated every the outbred analysis found significant evidence qtl ssc associated weight backfat_thickness area fat percent shear_force juiciness marbling tenderness addition qtl identified ssc relating weight area ssc fat_moisture percent instance outbred approach offered greater power_detect qtl however analysis offered greater power several instance the superiority could due relative advantage model within trait data_set the two approach provided complementary evidence qtl segregating berkshire_duroc breed used study may used aid introgression selection candidate_gene study improve swine growth meat_quality characteristic', 'this_study aim identify hepatic gene affecting trait related muscularity obesity combining expression analysis association study gene mapping functional_candidate gene expression obtained hybridising custom made cdna microarrays target discordant_sib pair porcine experimental_population out gene addressed nine gene regulated factor sib_pair differential gene expression independently confirmed selected gene real time transcript_level four gene apoh pedf tbg significantly different phenotype group screening trait associated marker within tbg apoh comparative_sequencing discordant_sib pair revealed snp position tbg polymorphism apoh detected association analysis confirmed effect tbg carcass trait statistically allocating tbg qtl region chromosome revealed genetic evidence effect moreover result_indicate probably two polymorphism altering binding capability tbg another still detected altering transcription rate tbg', 'the leptin_receptor gene lepr candidate trait related growth body_composition located region fatness meat composition quantitative_trait locus qtl previously detected several experimental_design the_aim work fine_map qtl larger_sample animal generation backcross iberian_landrace intercross examine effect lepr allele body_composition trait eleven single_nucleotide polymorphism snp detected sequencing lepr coding_region iberian_landrace pig sample three missense polymorphism genotyped pyrosequencing individual coming backcross four male landrace female thirteen microsatellites one snp also genotyped trait analysed backfat_thickness different location intramuscular_fat percentage imf eye_muscle area loin_depth weight shoulder_weight rib rib weight belly bacon different statistical_model applied order evaluate number effect qtl chromosome possible_causality lepr gene variant respect qtl the result_support presence two qtl one position affect rib the significant map narrow region affect imf rib result also support association lepr allele trait the possible functional implication analysed polymorphism considered', 'pig chromosome_ssc shown rich qtl affecting performance quality trait most study mapped qtl close swine leukocyte antigen sla large effect adaptability natural selection previous comparative_mapping study suggested region limited marker mapped mapped contains hundred gene decrease number candidate_gene improved mapping_resolution genetic chromosome dissection backcross recombinant progeny test program meishan_european large_white landrace breed three backcross two backcross sire carrying recombination qtl mapping interval measured total growth_fatness carcass meat_quality trait progeny family size varied pig animal genotyped marker_covering region interest result allowed qtl interval decreased even le assumed pig used study share one qtl allele except putative qtl affecting carcass_composition trait sla excluded candidate region suggesting_might possible apply selection_strategy qtl controlling sla allele diversity the strong qtl effect remaining animal issued backcross boar issued boar_meishan genetic background show epistatic_interaction likely limited finally qtl strong effect meat_quality trait', 'study data commercial norwegian slaughter pig cross analysed confirm_previous reported quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting intramuscular_fat imf porcine chromosome the data_consisted old experiment qtl previously detected new experimental data norwegian slaughter pig cross the old new experimental data analysed_separately together previously_described method combining linkage linkage_disequilibrium analysis_ldla used analysis method assumes animal descendant common base population realistic cross different breed adjusted version method able distinguish different breed cross presented using ldla method able confirm qtl old experimental data genetic_variance could explained polygenic_effect analysis new experimental data however detect qtl analysing data experiment together gave highly_significant result qtl marker the main conclusion therefore previously_reported qtl imf porcine chromosome confirmed within confidence_interval', 'qtl analysis multibreed experiment crossed population involving two founder_breed offer clear advantage classical cross among increased power comprehensive coverage total genetic_variability specie alternative designed multibreed cross reanalyze jointly several experiment involving different breed report multibreed multitrait qtl analysis sscx involves five different cross six breed almost genotyped individual using truly multibreed strategy allow number founder_breed origin trait analyzed growth fat_thickness carcass length_shoulder ham_weight generally joint_analysis resulted significant qtl analysis show qtl fatness highly_significant nominal asiatic origin meishan the next significant qtl nominal affected ham_weight seems segregating large_white rest breed multitrait analysis suggests two distinct locus additionally locus segregating iberian_landrace affect live_weight the advantage joint multibreed analysis clearly outweigh potential risk', 'the substitution recently described causal factor imprinted qtl fat_deposition muscle growth detected within porcine region the_objective study_investigate substitution_effect large_white outbred_population iberian_landrace cross the result showed substitution significant effect fatness growth shape trait estimated effect expected direction these_result agree obtained cross substitution segregating small family addition qtl scan_performed population trait used substitution_effect validation result study demonstrated qtl segregating swine chromosome substitution carcass_weight area measured slaughter the result_confirm relevance substitution also show still valuable mutation revealed chromosome', 'the merit complementary multivariate technique identify qtl associated multiple trait evaluated record pig pertaining berkshire_duroc population available six multitrait_group ssc information marker studied multivariate technique studied included multivariate_model principal_component analysis multitrait_group all model included addition systematic effect additive_dominance imprinting coefficient corresponding model random family effect multivariate analysis identified qtl associated genomewise significant variation four multitrait_group the majority multivariate analysis provided greater precision parameter_estimate higher statistical_significance case univariate approach greater parameterization multivariate_model moderate information content data principal_component analysis result consistent univariate multivariate analysis recovered level statistical_significance observed univariate analysis original data addition principal_component analysis able provide location associated area detected analysis the relative advantage multivariate univariate approach varied level genetic covariance trait modeled qtl effect information contained data however multivariate_approach unique capability identify pleiotropic_effect multiple linked qtl', 'background major qtl fatness growth denoted previously detected pig chromosome using large_white wild_boar intercross progeny carried wild_boar allele locus higher fat_deposition shorter length carcass reduced growth the position estimated effect qtl growth_fatness confirmed_previous study order narrow qtl interval traced inheritance wild_boar allele associated high fat_deposition six additional backcross generation result used determine qtl genotype backcross sire_heterozygous different part broad region the statistical_analysis revealed five sire segregating qtl two negative data three sire inconclusive could confirm qtl effect content trait growth trait implying growth_fatness controlled distinct qtls chromosome two segregating sire showed highly_significant qtl effect large previously observed generation the estimate remaining three sire_heterozygous smaller fragment actual region markedly smaller with sample_size used present_study great confidence determine_whether smaller effect sire due chance deviation epistatic_interaction whether composed two qtls one smaller phenotypic effect under assumption single locus critical region reduced interval rxrg sdhc locus conclusion characterized qtl pig chromosome refined map position considerably qtl interval maximum region probable region small the flanking marker small region rxrg sdhc orthologous region human genome located harbor approximately gene our strategy refine map position major qtl type new marker pig recombinant qtl interval perform ibd mapping across breed strongly selected lean growth', 'previously_reported globulin gene cbg may causal gene quantitative_trait locus associated cortisol_level fat_deposition muscle content pig intercross sequence analysis parental animal allowed_identify four substitution here_examined single amino_acid substitution could responsible difference cbg binding affinity_cortisol parental breed using vitro assay cbg variant transfection mammalian cell additionally cbg coding_region analyzed sample synthetic pig line study association polymorphism cbg biochemical property carcass_composition meat_quality both vitro transfection assay association study suggest role mutation increasing cbg capacity decreasing cbg affinity_cortisol the substitution may also effect decreasing cbg affinity_cortisol the mutation seem effect cbg parameter the substitution mutation associated parameter meat_quality mutation linked carcass_composition', 'causative_mutation paternally_expressed quantitative_trait locus arm_porcine chromosome substantial effect muscle growth backfat_thickness the linkage_disequilibrium four breed association polymorphism growth meat performance pig large_white breed analysed significant effect polymorphism backfat_thickness lean_meat content found addition identified two new single_nucleotide polymorphism snp intron gene the existence complete_linkage disequilibrium locus population study locus segregated snp intron gene detectable simple reliable polymerase_chain fragment_length polymorphism technique offer possibility use snp genotyping quantitative_trait nucleotide large_white landrace breed', 'identified polymorphism adipocyte binding_protein gene strong_positional candidate_gene locus porcine chromosome the informative polymorphism intron together single_nucleotide polymorphism intron genotyped cross iberian_landrace pig after performing qtl single marker haplotype analysis showed least quantitative_trait gene region polymorphism tightly associated fatness comparison allelic_frequency panel pig breed suggested polymorphism indirect selection also showed tightly associated fatness growth furthermore haplotype analysis suggests genetic heterogeneity locus within landrace breed', 'human cutaneous_melanoma complex trait inherited case although gene low risk gene identified susceptibility gene remain discovered here attempted determine new genomic_region linked melanoma using pig melim strain develops hereditary cutaneous_melanoma applied quantitative_trait locus qtl mapping method significant scan_performed backcross pig derived strain qtls detected level melanoma synthetic trait corresponding development melanoma the peak_position sus_scrofa chromosome_ssc family derived male except analysis precise specific trait revealed highly_significant qtls ulceration presence melanoma birth lesion type number aggressive melanoma respective position respectively level also showed melim allele determines black coat_colour pig predisposes significantly melanoma interaction observed marker located taken_together result_indicate melim swine model human multigenic disease comparative_mapping revealed human region interest search new melanoma susceptibility candidate', 'polymorphism myog gene tested using different pig breed including landrace_large white_duroc shanxi black mashen pig effect myog gene birth_weight weaning_weight body_weight backfat_thickness also analyzed basis published sequence porcine myog gene ten pair primer_designed one polymorphism found pcr product amplified primer the result showed landrace_large white_duroc breed differ significantly genotype distribution shanxi black mashen breed basis fixed_effect model significant difference found birth_weight backfat_thickness among different myog genotype whereas significant difference existed weaning_weight body_weight using least_square analysis seen individual genotype significantly le birth_weight genotype order pig genotype significantly lower backfat_thickness genotype order these_result suggest genotype significant effect individual birth_weight backfat_thickness selection allele favored regard birth_weight backfat_thickness', 'characterized mapped porcine fatty_acid binding_protein epidermal gene according linkage mapping gene located_close fatty_acid binding_protein adipocyte gene swine chromosome resequenced gene parental population iberian_landrace cross ibmap identifying seven snp arranged two distinct haplotype qtl association analysis ibmap population showed gene strongly_associated fat_deposition qtl haplotype analysis_revealed clustered mammal major candidate_gene qtl likely_position qtl two gene finally result_suggest presence one qtl affecting fatness trait porcine chromosome', 'multiple genomic scan identified qtl backfat deposition across porcine genome the_objective study detect snp genomic_region associated ultrasonic backfat total snp across chromosome_ssc selected based proximity backfat qtl qtl trait interest experimental_population gilt also genotyped snp thought influence backfat globulin gene tbg ssc genotypic_data collected gilt divided generation meat animal research_center meishan_resource population composition meishan backfat_depth recorded ultrasound location along back approximately age generation respectively ultrasound_measure averaged association analysis regressors additive_dominant effect snp calculated using genotypic probability computed allelic peeling algorithm genoprob the association model included_fixed effect scan date tbg genotype covariates weight snp regressors random additive polygenic_effect account genetic similarity animal explained known genotype variance_component polygenic_effect error estimated using mtdfreml initially snp fitted without effect separately due potential regression closely_linked marker form final_model significant snp across chromosome included common model individually removed successive iteration based significance across analysis tbg significant additive_effect approximately backfat three snp remained final_model even_though study identified qtl backfat chromosome two snp exhibited irregular effect may detected genome_scan one significant snp remained final_model estimated effect marker similar magnitude direction previously identified qtl this snp potentially used introgress leaner meishan allele commercial swine population', 'the outcome infectious_disease vertebrate genetic control least_extent swine marked difference sarcocystis_miescheriana shown chinese_meishan european pietrain pig difference associated high_heritabilities first_step toward_identification gene polymorphism causal difference may mapping quantitative_trait locus qtls considering clinical immunological parasitological trait model system survey represents first qtl study parasite_resistance pig qtl mapping performed pig family infected miescheriana fourteen significant qtls mapped several chromosomal area among_others major qtls identified bradyzoite number skeletal_muscle plasma igg level determined day the qtls mapped different region chromosome region major_histocompatibility complex bradyzoites immunoglobulin heavy chain cluster respectively these_result provide_evidence direct causal role gene variant within gene cluster difference resistance miescheriana', 'the number_vertebra pig varies associated meat productivity wild_boar ancestor domestic pig vertebra comparison european_commercial breed vertebra probably owing selective_breeding enlargement body_size previously identified two quantitative_trait locus qtl number_vertebra sus_scrofa chromosome_ssc these qtl explained increase two vertebra here_performed study define qtl region using three experimental family performed interval_mapping recombination analysis defined qtl within interval then analyzed linkage_disequilibrium microsatellite_marker interval found adjacent marker region almost fixed european_commercial breed genetic_variation marker observed asian local_breed wild_boar this region encoded orphan nuclear_receptor germ cell nuclear factor formerly known gcnf contained amino_acid substitution coincident qtl this substitution altered binding activity corepressors nuclear protein nuclear_receptor corepressor addition somite mouse embryo demonstrated expression protein together result_suggest strong candidate one qtl influence number_vertebra pig', 'performed qtl scan production trait line cross duroc_pietrain breed pig included progeny_produced family genotyped informative_microsatellites linkage_map covering_autosome spanning kosambi constructed phenotypic trait including body_weight growth_carcass composition meat_quality trait analysed using least_square regression_interval mapping qtl exceeded_significance threshold qtl reached suggestive threshold these qtl located genomic_region autosomal_chromosome qtl region significant level qtl affecting value loin detected strong statistical support qtl also associated meat_colour conductivity qtl carcass_composition average_daily gain also found suggesting multiple qtl seventeen genomic segment single qtl reached least suggestive_significance forty qtl exhibited additive inheritance whereas qtl showed dominance_effect two qtl trait backfat_thickness detected significant paternal effect found qtl region another qtl middle showed mendelian_expression', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl detected internal_organ trait carcass length trait teat_number trait pig resource_population included individual total microsatellite_marker examined the genetic trait included heart weight lung weight liver gallbladder weight lgw spleen weight spw stomach weight stw small_intestine weight siw large intestine weight liw kidney weight carcass length first cervical vertebra carcass length first thoracic_vertebra rib number rn teat_number tn result_indicated highly_significant qtl level rn tn significant qtl level lgw spw siw liw ssc tn detected the phenotypic_variance qtl accounted ranged most qtl previously_reported', 'ear_size erectness important conformation measurement pig population established_crossing european large_white small erect ear chinese_meishan large flop ear used study genetic influence two ear trait first_time linkage_map incorporating marker autosomal_chromosome utilised genome_scan qtl significant qtl found two trait the qtl major effect significant level the qtl ear erectness also major effect significant the confidence_interval ear_size qtl spanned the qtl two ear trait position overlapped major qtl affecting subcutaneous_fat depth chromosome this_study provides_insight complex genetic influence underlying pig ear trait facilitate positional_candidate gene analysis identify_causative dna variant', 'childbirth period substantial rapid biological psychological change wide_range psychotic disorder occur ranging mild blue severe episode psychotic illness puerperal_psychosis extreme_form postnatal psychosis occurring birth study used pig animal model human postnatal psychiatric illness our_aim identify_quantitative trait locus qtl associated maternal_infanticide sow aggression this defined sow attacking killing newborn offspring within birth affected sib_pair whole_genome linkage analysis carried microsatellite_marker covering_porcine autosome chromosome aim_identifying chromosomal_region responsible abnormal behavior analysis carried_using linkage test whittemore halpern implemented merlin software the result identified qtl mapping sus_scrofa chromosome sscx the peak region qtl syntenic hsa respectively several potential candidate_gene lie region addition relevant abnormal behavioral qtl found human rodent', 'cutaneous malignant melanoma sinclair swine hereditary disease develops utero first week_life many case tumor regress piglet survive disease two different set gene might_involved disease tumor_initiator suppressor locus locus locus affecting aggressiveness disease number stage tumor develop method interval_mapping type locus the experimental_design consisted boar mated sow recording tumor status number tumor week_life offspring the model search tumor_initiator locus allele tested computer simulation estimate penetrances psi psi genotype respectively accurate even small family size statistical_power family size psi psi the model test number tumor incorporated genotype information tumor_initiator locus all model tested data single boar family piglet swine chromosome tumor evidence initiator_locus found associated chromosome however association qtl affecting number tumor birth near microsatellite chromosomewise significant', 'multivariate qtl detection carried fatness carcass_composition trait porcine chromosome qtls already detected sla region multivariate_approach used exploit correlation trait obtain information pattern almost measurement recorded backfat_thickness backfat weight bfw leaf_fat weight lfw half number intramuscular_fat content_imf affecting detection first group trait selected using backward selection procedure trait selected based contribution linear combination trait discriminating putative qtl haplotype three group trait could distinguished based successive discriminant analysis external fat internal fat lfw imf bfw least four region distinguished preferentially affecting one group sla region always influencing trait meishan allele decreased trait value except imf confirming opportunity selection improve meat_quality maintenance carcass_composition based meishan allele', 'haematological trait essential_diagnostic parameter_veterinary practice knowledge genetic_architecture controlling variability erythroid_trait sparse especially_swine identify qtl erythroid_trait pig haematocrit hct haemoglobin erythrocyte count rbc mean_corpuscular haemoglobin content mchc measured pig family challenge protozoan pathogen sarcocystis_miescheriana the pig_passed three stage_representing acute_disease reconvalescence chronic_disease single qtl controlling erythroid_trait identified chromosome twelve qtl significant level significant level because erythroid_trait varied health disease_status qtl influencing erythroid phenotype showed specific_pattern region contained qtl baseline_erythroid trait qtl region affected distinct stage disease model single qtl explained_phenotypic variance animal related trait partly common genetic influence our analysis confirms erythroid_trait variation differs meishan_pietrain breed variation associated multiple_chromosomal region', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl fat_deposition growth muscling trait previously_mapped basis linkage_map wild_boar meishan chromosome region flanked improved qtl resolution possible using data animal marker_density distance region including candidate_gene the resolution qtl scan increased substantially evidenced higher value qtl maximum value fat_deposition muscling growth trait respectively qtl position accounted_phenotypic variance respectively qtl fatness growth muscling trait mapped near exception qtl ham trait mapped proximally vicinity analysis performed_separately male animal showed predominant qtl affecting fat_deposition trait near two qtl muscling trait mapped close female animal qtl affecting muscling mapped qtl fat_deposition growth mapped', 'background_improving pork_quality done increasing intramuscular_fat imf_content this trait influenced quantitative_trait locus qtl sought different pig population considering high imf_content observed duroc_pig appealing determine_whether favourable_allele major gene qtl could found the detection performed experimental duroc large_white population first segregation analysis qtl mapping using additional molecular information result segregation analysis provided_evidence major gene recessive duroc allele increasing imf duroc homozygous pig however result depended whether data normalised after transformation likelihood_ratio indeed time lower longer significant the qtl detection result partly consistent segregation analysis three qtl significant chromosome wide_level evidenced two qtl located chromosome showed high imf duroc recessive allele overall effect slightly lower expected segregation analysis muscle the third qtl located chromosome dominant large_white allele inducing high imf_content muscle additional qtl detected muscular fatty_acid composition conclusion the study presented result two complementary approach segregation analysis qtl detection seek gene involved higher imf_content observed duroc population discrepancy method might partially explained existence least two qtl similar characteristic located two different chromosome different boar heterozygous the favourable dominant allele detected large_white population unexpected obviously population favourable_allele inducing high imf_content fixed improving imf fixing favourable_allele using marker applied duroc population with qtl affecting fatty_acid composition combining increase imf_content enhancing monounsaturated_fatty acid percentage would great_interest', 'background previous_study quantitative_trait locus qtl exhibiting large effect instron shear_force taste panel tenderness detected within illinois meat_quality pedigree imqp this qtl mapped arm_porcine chromosome comparative analysis indicates orthologous segment human chromosome containing strong_positional candidate_gene calpastatin_cast cast polymorphism recently shown associated meat_quality characteristic however possible involvement gene molecular variation region excluded thus requiring qtl result recent_advance porcine genome resource including radiation_hybrid bacterial_artificial chromosome bac physical_map utilized development novel informative marker marker_density region surrounding likely qtl position increased addition eighteen new microsatellite_marker including nine nine novel marker two marker derived porcine_bac clone containing cast gene refinement qtl position achieved linkage haplotype analysis linkage analysis_revealed least two family segregating qtl strong_positional agreement cast marker combined analysis two family yielded qtl interval instron shear_force taste panel tenderness respectively haplotype analysis suggested refinement interval containing cast marker the presence additional tenderness qtl also suggested conclusion these_result reinforce cast strong_positional candidate further analysis cast molecular variation within imqp boar enhance_understanding molecular_basis pork_tenderness thus allow genetic_improvement pork product furthermore additional resource generated targeted investigation putative qtl may_lead advancement pork_quality', 'this_study report association five blood type three enzyme two protein escherichia_coli receptor gene ryanodin receptor gene six production trait four meat_quality trait two osteochondral disease swiss pig population data trait daily weight_gain percent premium_cut backfat trait daily weight_gain feed_conversion ratio meat_quality osteochondral_lesion available animal respectively mixed_linear model allele_substitution effect used trait marker analysis analysis significant association allele_substitution effect presented general heritability_estimate production meat_quality trait higher osteochondral_lesion blood type lack significant association many trait except type enzyme mainly glucose phosphate isomerase protein polymorphism show significant association daily weight_gain premium_cut backfat well osteochondral_lesion the ryr gene significantly affected growth production lean_meat content trait osteochondral_lesion ryr also affected value this_study report many novel association particularly incidence osteochondral_lesion polymorphism glucose phosphate isomerase dehydrogenase postalbumin ryr locus these_result useful_selection functional genomics proteomics investigation', 'for carcass trait identified qtls based data pig resource_population including hybrid yorkshire_boar meishan_sow mapped use microsatellite_marker locus chromosome five qtls highly_significant chromosome level skin weight chromosome chromosome skin percentage chromosome chromosome ratio leg butt carcass chromosome the remaining qtls significant chromosome level backfat_thickness shoulder loin_eye width loin_eye height fat meat weight lean_meat weight skin weight bone weight skin percentage fat meat percentage ratio lean_meat fat meat the proportion_phenotypic variance_explained qtls ranged qtl loin_eye width chromosome qtl ratio lean_meat fat meat chromosome seven qtls reported novel', 'this_study conducted detect polymorphism intron porcine pou domain class transcription_factor renamed comparative_sequencing within intron site variation identified including substitution indels short one long indels several important regulatory motif found within indel silico_analysis the indel next genotyped chinese_native pig breed western_pig breed the appearance genotype varied breed among chinese_native breed genotype found tibetan lingao min rongchang songliao black pig genotype found fenjing leping spotted pig whereas pietrain landrace genotype duroc_pig homozygote the western_pig high allele_frequency chinese pig allele except jianquhai pig positive association genotype birth_weight observed commercial_pig line this_paper demonstrated genetic_variation intron pig gene high polymorphism may provide_useful maker qtl analysis', 'refinement previous qtl porcine chromosome composition candidate_gene association analysis conducted using iberian_landrace cross the concentration ten fatty_acid assayed backfat tissue four metabolic ratio calculated animal linkage analysis identified two significant qtl the first qtl associated average chain length ratio percentage myristic palmitic gadoleic acid the second qtl associated percentage palmitoleic stearic vaccenic_acid based_upon position fatty_acid synthase tested candidate_gene first qtl significant effect found similarly gastric inhibitory polypeptide gip carboxylase_alpha acaca tested candidate_gene second qtl using three snp gip synonymous snp acaca cdna_sequence two_missense snp gip showed_significant effect palmitoleic stearic concentration highly_significant association found two snp acaca stearic palmitoleic vaccenic concentration these association could due linkage_disequilibrium causal_mutation', 'scan_performed large_white french landrace pig population order_identify qtl affecting reproduction production trait the experiment based granddaughter_design including five large_white three french landrace family identified french porcine national database total animal son daughter eight male founder distributed eight family genotyped_microsatellite marker the design included animal recorded production trait litter_size record considered three production three reproduction trait analysed average_backfat thickness live_weight lwgt end test age candidate adjusted live_weight total number_piglet born per_litter number_stillborn stillp born_alive livp piglet_per litter ten qtl medium large effect detected significance_level affecting trait lwgt stillp livp the number heterozygous male founder varied_depending qtl', 'the mothering_ability sow largely depends shape function mammary_gland the_aim study identify qtl heritable inverted_teat defect condition characterized disturbed development functional_teat qtl analysis conducted porcine experimental_population based duroc berlin miniature pig dumi the significant qtl confirmed linkage analysis commercial_pig according affected sib_pair design refined association test fbat nonparametric linkage npl analysis_revealed five significant seven suggestive qtl inverted_teat defect porcine experimental_population commercial dam_line five significant npl value detected qtl region overlapping marker interval close_proximity population found revealed qtl population different position indicating segregation least two qtl the result_confirm previously proposed polygenic_inheritance inverted_teat defect first_time point genomic_region harboring relevant gene the investigation revealed variation importance qtl various population due either difference allele_frequency statistical_power difference genetic background modulates impact liability locus expression disease the qtl study enabled name number plausible positional_candidate gene the correspondence qtl region inverted_teat defect previously_mapped qtl teat_number line etiologic relationship trait', 'background meat_quality trait important pig breeding_program difficult include traditional selection_program marker_assisted selection_ma meat_quality trait therefore interest breeding_program quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis key identifying marker used ma study landrace hampshire intercross backcross family used investigate meat_quality trait hampshire pig commonly used sire line commercial_pig breeding this_first time pedigree including hampshire pig used qtl analysis meat_quality trait result total analyzed meat_quality trait identified eight significant qtl peak four region one chromosome two chromosome one chromosome least two qtls appear detected previous_study chromosome identified qtls water_content longissimus_dorsi drip_loss post_mortem decline chromosome identified previously_undetected qtls protein content freezing cooking_loss respectively conclusion identified least two new meat_quality trait qtls significance_level detected two qtls chromosome possibly coincide qtls detected study also able exclude mutation ryanodine receptor causative_mutation one chromosome qtls cross', 'imprinted gene play_important role embryo survival postnatal_growth regulation the previously gene linked reciprocally imprinted several mammal imprinting_status still_unknown pig study report polymorphism imprinting_status qtl analysis porcine gene muscle adipose dna rna sample animal generated reciprocal_cross korean_native pig knp yorkshire breed used_analyse variation expression the sample exhibited paternal expression maternal expression pig these_result indicated imprinting_status gene conserved across mammalian_specie linkage analysis assigned gene telomeric_region qtl analysis confirmed significant polar_overdominance pod effect previously detected several growth trait pig however significant pod effect found locus', 'differential white blood_cell count essential_diagnostic parameter_veterinary practice knowledge genetic_architecture controlling variability leucocyte_number relationship sparse especially_swine total leucocyte_number leu differential_leucocyte count fraction lymphocyte lym polymorphonuclear leucocyte neutrophil neu eosinophil eos basophil ba monocyte mon measured pig family challenge protozoan pathogen sarcocystis_miescheriana quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis after infection pig_passed three stage_representing acute_disease reconvalescence chronic_disease nine significant putative single qtl controlling leucocyte trait identified chromosome because leucocyte trait varied health disease_status qtl influencing leucocyte phenotype showed specific_pattern region contained qtl baseline leucocyte trait other qtl region reached control leucocyte trait distinct stage disease model qtl described single qtl explained_phenotypic variance animal related trait partly common genetic influence our analysis confirms leucocyte trait variation associated multiple_chromosomal region', 'study quantitative_trait locus qtl chemical physical body_composition growth feed_intake pig identified population developed crossing pietrain_sire commercial dam_line phenotypic_data animal available protein lipid_deposition measured_live animal deuterium dilution technique body_weight body_weight carcass characteristic measured autofom grading system dissection three hundred animal family genotyped molecular_marker covering chromosome novel qtl protein lipid content body_weight protein lipid_accretion detected near several previously detected qtl lean_fat tissue neck shoulder ham cut another qtl lipid_accretion found closely associated qtl intramuscular_fat content qtl daily_feed intake detected the favourable_allele qtl food conversion_ratio fcr associated allele increased lean tissue decreased fat tissue because qtl growth_rate found region qtl fcr likely due change body_composition these qtl provide_insight genomic regulation chemical physical body_composition association feed_intake feed_efficiency growth', 'tea domain transcription_factor play vital role myogenesis binding motif promoter gene present_study cloned two porcine tea domain family gene identified two different variant respectively revealed variant highly_expressed development porcine_skeletal muscle indicating_potential regulatory_function muscle_development promoter analysis_revealed porcine regulated manner specific intact initiator element numerous binding motif multiple transcription_factor including substitution identified sequence used linkage mapping association analysis berkshirexyorkshire population revealed substitution significant effect average_daily gain_birth weaning_weight suggestive effect loin_eye area average back_fat lumbar back_fat the association analysis result agreement gene localization demonstrated linkage analysis schp mapping qtl region growth_carcass trait chromosome', 'three isoforms pig cloned classified two form contain contains the amino_acid sequence isoform showed good conservation human rat expressed wide_range tissue using informative snp iberian_landrace intercross detected intron linkage_map constructed the location estimated outside imf however imf reconfirmed high significance position_narrowed interval region defined marker using radiation_hybrid mapping lepr leprot selected positional_functional candidate related qtl', 'many qtl analysis related meat production meat_quality trait carried_using resource_population produced_crossing genetically different breed this experiment intended investigate_whether qtl segregating purebred_duroc population selected meat production meat_quality trait generation sus_scrofa chromosome significant qtl intramuscular_fat many trait already_reported studied the polymorphism microsatellite_marker arranged interval investigated pig selected population progeny_produced mating sire_dam the qtl analysis family population examined multigeneration pedigree structure population variance_component analysis used detect qtl population examined multigeneration pedigree population study multigenerational pedigree estimated identical descent coefficient among sib produced using markov_chain monte_carlo method the maximum_likelihood odds score found position area position pork_color standard position number_thoracic vertebra significant qtl intramuscular_fat detected ssc these_result indicate qtl analysis via variance_component method within purebred_population effective determine qtl segregating population purebred durocs', 'chinese_erhualian boar dramatically smaller testis greater concentration circulating androgen fewer sertoli cell western_commercial breed identify qtl boar reproductive trait testicular_weight epididymal_weight seminiferous_tubular diameter serum testosterone_concentration measured boar white_duroc chinese_erhualian cross whole_genome scan_performed microsatellites_covering porcine chromosome total qtl identified chromosome including significant qtl testicular_weight seminiferous_tubular diameter sscx epididymal_weight testosterone_concentration two significant qtl detected testicular_weight seminiferous_tubular diameter nine suggestive qtl found chinese_erhualian allele_systematically favorable greater reproductive_performance this_study confirmed_previous significant qtl testicular_weight sscx epididymal_weight reported qtl seminiferous_tubular diameter testosterone_concentration first_time the observed different qtl trait different age reflect involvement distinct gene development male reproductive trait', 'muscle histochemical characteristic decisive determinant meat_quality the relative percentage diameter different muscular fiber_type influence crucial aspect meat_color tenderness ultimate despite relevance however information muscle_fiber genetic_architecture scant histochemical muscle characterization laborious task here_report complete qtl scan muscle_fiber trait animal cross iberian_landrace pig using marker identified genome region distributed_along porcine chromosome direct epistatic effect epistasis frequent interaction highly_significant chromosome seemed behave hub harbored individual qtl also epistatic region numerous individual qtl effect cryptic_allele opposite effect phenotypic pure breed difference many qtl identified coincided previous_report trait literature overlapping potential candidate_gene previously_reported meat_quality qtl', 'combined analysis data two resource_population improve power accuracy qtl mapping allow result study performed scan using combined data two population derived cross large_white chinese_meishan pig total pig included analysis total marker genotyped two population including marker genotyped population marker covered pig genome average marker seven trait teat_number birth_weight weaning_weight weight fat_depth shoulder fat_depth mid back_fat depth loin analysed individual population combined population there qtl achieved suggestive_significance level respectively population population combined population additive_effect qtl detected two population significance_level largely consistent suggesting qtl represent real genetic effect case dominance_imprinting effect there also number significant interaction detected qtl effect population', 'background leakage water ion soluble protein muscle cell occurs prolonged exercise due ischemia causing muscle damage also post_mortem anoxia conversion muscle meat marked loss water soluble component muscle cell there_considerable variation water_holding capacity meat affecting economy meat production water_holding capacity depends numerous genetic environmental_factor relevant structural biochemical muscle_fibre property well ante post slaughter metabolic_process result expression microarray analysis longissimus_dorsi rna animal resource_population showed transcript trait correlated expression water_holding capacity negatively_correlated transcript enriched functional category pathway like extracellular matrix receptor interaction calcium signalling transcript positive_correlation dominantly represented biochemical process including oxidative phosphorylation mitochondrial pathway well transporter activity linkage analysis abundance trait correlated transcript revealed expression qtl eqtl eqtl coinciding qtl region water_holding capacity transcript trans acting ci acting regulation conclusion the complex relationship biological_process taking place live skeletal_muscle meat_quality driven one hand energy reserve utilisation muscle hand muscle structure calcium signalling holistic expression profiling integrated qtl analysis trait interest gene expression_level creation priority list gene orchestra gene biological network relevant liability develop elevated drip_loss', 'ovulation_rate important phenotypic trait critical component litter_size pig despite moderately_heritable pig selection increased ovulation_rate difficult difficult_measure trait qtl ovulation_rate residing end pig chromosome detected resource_population comparative analysis region yielded positional_candidate gene mannosidase qtl the entire_coding region resequenced meishan white composite founder animal resource_population identify snp eleven polymorphism alter protein product discovered tested statistical association ovulation_rate three generation resource_population the polymorphism located position mrna significant polymorphism tested additive_effect allele estimated ovum this polymorphism determined significantly_associated ovulation_rate analysis conducted qtl discovery the marker associated ovulation_rate occidental population therefore either unique epistatic_interaction within population snp linkage_disequilibrium actual causative genetic_variation population', 'puberty fundamental development process experienced reproductively competent adult yet specific factor regulating age_puberty remain elusive pig study performed genome_scan identify_quantitative trait locus qtl affecting age_puberty gilt using white_duroc erhualian_intercross total microsatellites_covering porcine chromosome genotyped gilt parent_grandparent white_duroc erhualian_intercross linear_regression method used map qtl age_puberty via qtlexpress one significant qtl one significant qtl detected centimorgan respectively moreover two suggestive qtl found respectively this_study confirmed qtl age_puberty previously identified report first_time qtl age_puberty gilt interestingly chinese_erhualian allele_systematically favourable younger age_puberty', 'resource_population built detect_quantitative trait locus qtl affect growth_carcass composition pork_quality the data_analyzed applying three mendelian_model model model combined model enabled detection qtl fixed equal different allele_frequency alternate breed allele respectively permutation_test performed determine threshold value total qtl detected level trait analyzed qtl detected classified type_type type the result_indicate implementation series framework beneficial detect qtl also provides_new robust interpretation methodology could developed', 'identify_quantitative trait locus qtl trait related semen ejaculation phenotype data including semen_volume sperm_concentration total sperm per ejaculate sperm_motility sperm abnormality rate semen value ejaculation time ejaculation duration measured boar day white_duroc erhualian_intercross scan_performed entire white_duroc erhualian_intercross genotyped_microsatellite marker_covering whole pig genome qtl analysis performed_using composite regression_interval mapping method via qtlexpress total qtl detected including significant qtl semen pig chromosome_ssc semen_volume ejaculation time fourteen suggestive qtl found knowledge_first report qtl semen ejaculation trait pig providing start point decipher genetic_basis complex trait', 'the value temperature min postmortem semimembranosus_muscle glycolytic_potential measured animal white_duroc erhualian_resource population whole_genome scan_performed microsatellites_covering porcine chromosome detect qtl trait measured total qtl identified including significant qtl ssc glycolytic_potential total_glycogen residual glycogen six significant qtl detected decline glycolytic_potential total_glycogen this_study confirmed qtl previously identified except found new significant qtl trait this_first time report qtl development glycolytic_potential significance_level addition observed different qtl decline different time show causal gene postmortem play distinct role specific stage specific muscle these_result provide starting_point fine_mapping qtl trait measured improve_understanding genetic_basis metabolism slaughter', 'the fine_mapping polymorphism influencing cholesterol_triglyceride lipoprotein serum level human_mouse provided wealth knowledge complex genetic_architecture trait the extension genetic analysis pig would utmost importance since constitute valuable biological clinical model study coronary artery disease myocardial infarction present_work performed whole_genome scan serum_lipid trait duroc_pig population individual phenotypic register included total low ldl high hdl lipoprotein serum_concentration day_age this approach allowed_identify two genomewide significant quantitative_trait locus qtl ratio day_day well number chromosomewide significant qtl the comparison qtl location day revealed notable lack concordance two time_point suggesting effect qtl age specific moreover observed considerable level correspondence among location significant porcine lipid qtl identified human this finding might suggest mammal diverse polymorphism located common set gene involved genetic_variation serum_lipid level', 'background limb_bone length bone_mineral density_bmd used ass bone growth risk bone_fracture pig respectively suggested limb_bone length bmd genetic control however knowledge genetic_basis limb_bone length mineralisatinon limited pig the_aim study identify_quantitative trait locus qtl affecting limb_bone length bmd distal femur white_duroc erhualian_resource population result limb_bone length femoral bone_mineral density fbmd measured total animal respectively there strong positive_correlation among length limb_bone medium positive_correlation length limb_bone fbmd scan involving microsatellite_marker across pig genome revealed qtl limb_bone length femoral bmd the significant qtl length five_limb bone mapped two chromosome affecting limb_bone trait one detected around pig chromosome_ssc largest confidence_interval le providing crucial start point identify_causal gene trait the erhualian allele associated longer limb_bone the located sscx peak whereas allele white_duroc breed increased bone_length many qtl identified homologous human genomic_region containing qtl trait list interesting_candidate gene conclusion_this study detected qtl length scapula ulna humerus tibia fbmd pig first_time moreover several new qtl pig femoral length found correlated trait qtl length five_limb bone mainly located genomic_region the promising qtl length five_limb bone merit investigation', 'the primary goal study detect confirm qtl growth_fatness trait experimental intercrosses iberian_landrace iberian_meishan used study first_time qtl analysis related productive trait for_purpose analysis single bivariate trait model population performed the presence qtl backfat_thickness previously identified cross detected population additional molecular information also confirmed cross addition qtl affecting detected cross similar_position qtl detected backfat_thickness this_first study qtl affecting detected cross well resource_population furthermore analyzed previously_described nonsynonymous leptin_receptor lepr snp located exon causality respect qtl within population our_result supported previously_reported association lepr allele backfat_thickness cross association also confirmed within cross association reported lepr allele identified population', 'baseline_erythroid index increasingly involved risk_factor common complex disease human however_little known genetic_architecture baseline_erythroid trait pig study hematocrit hct hemoglobin hgb mean_corpuscular hemoglobin mch mean_corpuscular hemoglobin_concentration mchc mean_corpuscular volume_mcv red_blood cell rbc red cell distribution_width rdw measured day_day day pig white_duroc erhualian_intercross resource_population the entire_resource population genotyped_microsatellite locus across pig genome quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis performed trait measured qtl_express based method total qtl including significant qtl significant qtl regulating erythroid_trait found pig chromosome_ssc except the significant qtl mainly localized these_result confirmed qtl previously identified swine more importantly study detected qtl baseline_erythroid trait pig first_time notably qtl mcv mch day small interval respectively provided good starting_point identifying_causal gene underlying mcv mch future', 'trait diagnostic_parameter essential characterization health disease veterinary_practice the trait show significant variability genetic control little_known fundamental genetic_architecture variability especially_swine identified qtl alkaline phosphatase alp lactate lac bilirubin bil creatinine cre ionized sodium potassium calcium serum pig family challenge sarcocystis_miescheriana protozoan parasite muscle after infection pig_passed three stage_representing acute_disease subclinical disease chronic_disease qtl influencing trait different stage identified chromosome eleven qtl significant level qtl significant qtl showed specific_pattern respect baseline value trait well value obtained different stage disease qtl influencing different trait different time found primarily chromosome the prominent qtl investigated trait mapped baseline trait alp lac bil influenced qtl region single qtl explained_phenotypic variance our analysis confirms variation trait associated multiple_chromosomal region', 'maintaining blood_gas narrow range essential sustain normal biochemical reaction decreased oxygenation poor tissue perfusion disturbance expiration shortage hco lead metabolic acidosis this common situation swine originates broad_range medical condition blood_gas appear genetic control population physiological trait closer pathological threshold may susceptible developing pathological condition however_little known genetic_basis trait therefore estimated phenotypic genetic_variability identified quantitative_trait locus qtl blood_gas blood_sample pig family sample taken challenge sarcocystis_miescheriana protozoan parasite muscle qtl influencing blood_gas identified nine chromosome five qtl significant level qtl significant level qtl trait mapped qtl associated detected qtl associated qtl showed specific_pattern related physiological state pig day acute_disease day convalescence day chronic_disease day the result_demonstrate blood_gas influenced multiple_chromosomal area relatively_small effect', 'maternal_behavior around parturition important piglet_survival extreme_form failure maternal_behavior also called maternal_infanticide often occurs sow this defined active attack piglet using jaw resulting serious fatal bite wound within birth lead considerable_economic loss pig_industry severe problem pig welfare study maternal_behavior parturition recorded detail white_duroc erhualian_intercross sow three continuous farrowing population gilt showed maternal_infanticide first litter incidence maternal_infanticide second_third farrowing reduced respectively all sow genotyped_microsatellite marker spanning_whole pig genome whole_genome linkage analysis performed_using linkage test software the result identified seven chromosome region sscx significantly linked maternal_infanticide the quantitative_trait locus qtl sscx achieved significance_level the promising qtls however detected chromosome three peak negative logarithm located marker qtls sscx experiment consistent published result western_commercial line', 'scan_performed animal including barrow gilt white_duroc erhualian_intercross population detect_quantitative trait locus qtl fatty_acid composition longissimus_dorsi muscle abdominal_fat total qtl including significant qtl suggestive effect identified trait measured significant effect mainly evident pig chromosome_ssc association detected general qtl detected study showed distinct effect fatty_acid composition longissimus_muscle abdominal_fat the qtl fatty_acid composition abdominal_fat correspond identified previously backfat majority qtl muscle fatty_acid composition mapped chromosomal_region different previous_study two region showed_significant pleiotropic_effect monounsaturated mufa polyunsaturated_fatty acid_pufa longissimus_muscle abdominal_fat another two qtl significant effect mufa pufa longissimus_muscle found sscx chinese_erhualian allele associated increased ratio mufa saturated_fatty acid qtl detected showing beneficial effect term human_health', 'investigate difference gene expression obese lean pig breed differential display mrna employed previous_research one differentially_expressed est identified porcine cardiomyopathy associated gene homology human gene the dna porcine gene encompasses including complete open_reading frame encoding amino_acid residue region region the porcine gene assigned chromosome radiation_hybrid panel imprh the porcine gene expressed striated muscle single_nucleotide polymorphism snp scanning coding_region identified one_synonymous mutation three missense_mutation the allele_frequency tested among unrelated pig several pig breed linkage mapping conducted snp berkshire_yorkshire resource family confirmed porcine closely_linked distance lod_score interesting region_harbouring qtl back_fat thickness association analysis experimental pig population showed different genotype gene associated different back_fat thickness our_result suggest porcine gene effect porcine back_fat deposition investigation_necessary illustrate underlying mechanism', 'porcine chromosome_harbour many quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting meat_quality fatness carcass_composition trait detected resource pig population previously however prior selection commercial breed qtl identified intercross divergent breed require confirmation segregated consequently objective_study validate several qtl porcine chromosome responsible meat carcass quality trait the experimental_population consisted crossbred paternal_family the region investigation arm flanked_marker regression analysis resulted validation three qtl within interval minolta loin back_fat thickness weight trimmed ham the result additionally confirmed factor analysis candidate_gene proposed meat_colour evident qtl validated study', 'the transcript cart_gene candidate_gene may affect performance body_composition trait pig the_purpose study establish chromosomal localization genomic sequence porcine cart_gene search polymorphism analyse phenotypic effect pig representing two breed polish_large white plw polish_landrace synthetic_line the cart_gene fluorescence situ hybridization fish chromosome the dna fragment covering three exon two intron flanking_region sequenced analysed new single_nucleotide polymorphism snp position found the coding_sequence conserved porcine human cart_gene previously unknown short tandem_repeat polymorphism identified intron three allele found the allele predominant analysed population pig whereas allele occurred lowest frequency the statistical_analysis revealed significant allelic additive_effect meat content carcass abdominal_fat weight plw meat content carcass backfat_thickness our study confirmed chromosome region_harbouring cart_gene promising quantitative_trait locus pig production trait', 'white blood_cell count platelet implicated risk_factor common complex disease genetic factor substantially affect trait human_mouse however_little known genetic_architecture trait pig identify_quantitative trait locus qtl trait pig total leucocyte_number differential_leucocyte count including fraction basophil eosinophil lymphocyte monocyte neutrophil series platelet parameter including platelet count mean platelet volume platelet distribution_width plateletcrit measured animal day white_duroc erhualian_intercross resource_population total informative_microsatellites distributed_across pig chromosome_ssc genotyped across_entire resource_population qtl identified examined trait including eight significant qtl white blood_cell differential_leucocyte count six significant qtl trait erhualian white_duroc allele_systematically associated increased phenotypic value these_result confirmed many qtl identified previously mouse swine also revealed number novel qtl trait recorded moreover first_time qtl trait pig reported', 'background teat_number important fertility trait pig production reflecting mothering_ability sow also discrete often canalized trait presenting bilateral symmetry minor difference two side providing potential power evaluate fluctuating asymmetry developmental instability the knowledge genetic control still limited study scan_performed microsatellites_covering pig genome identify_quantitative trait locus qtl three trait related teat_number including total teat_number ttn teat_number left ltn right rtn side large_scale white_duroc erhualian_resource population result linkage_map total length average marker interval constructed eleven significant qtl ttn detected autosome including pig chromosome_ssc six suggestive qtl trait detected eight chromosomal_region showed_significant association ltn these region also evidenced significant qtl rtn except the significant qtl trait located erhualian allele identified qtl positive additive_effect except three qtl white_duroc allele increased teat_number significant dominance_effect observed ttn predominant imprinting_effect ttn detected conclusion the result confirmed qtl region previous_experiment also identified five new qtl total teat_number swine minor difference qtl region responsible ltn_rtn validated further fine_mapping focused consistently identified region small_confidence interval', 'qtl analysis pig chromosome sscx carried_using approach accurately take account specific feature sex chromosome heterogeneity presence pseudoautosomal region dosage compensation phenomenon population animal created_crossing pietrain_sire crossbred dam_line phenotypic_data trait recorded least animal including chemical_body composition measured_live animal five target weight ranging daily_gain feed_intake measured throughout growth_carcass characteristic obtained slaughter weight several significant suggestive qtl detected pig chromosome pseudoautosomal region sscx qtl entire loin weight showed paternal imprinting closely_linked marker suggestive qtl feed_intake pietrain allele found associated higher feed_intake unexpected breed known low feed_intake capacity telomeric_end arm sscx qtl jowl weight lipid_accretion suggestive qtl chemical_body composition these_result indicate sscx important physical_chemical body_composition accretion well feed_intake regulation', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting carcass meat_quality located identified using variance_component method large number trait involved meat carcass quality detected commercial_crossbred population pig sired boar synthetic_line homozygous using combined_linkage linkage_disequilibrium mapping ldla several qtl significantly affecting loin_muscle mass ham_weight ham muscle outer ham knuckle ham meat_quality trait ultimate japanese colour score detected these_result agreed well previous involving since study carried crossbreds different qtl may segregating parental_line address question compared model single component model allowing separate sire_dam component the qtl identified using single qtl variance_component model compared model allowing separate variance minor difference respect qtl location however variance_component method made_possible detect qtl segregating paternal line hamb maternal line ham phu combining association linkage information among haplotype improved slightly significance qtl compared analysis using linkage information', 'behavioural_index vertebrate genetic control least_extent spite significant behavioural problem farm_animal information genetic background behaviour sparse the_aim study map qtl behavioural_index swine healthy condition_infection sarcocystis_miescheriana behaviour significantly influenced disease this parasite model subsequently lead acute day subclinical day chronic_disease day allowing study comparison behaviour pig four different state health disease the study based family recently allowed_detection qtl disease_resistance mapped six significant significant qtl six behavioural_index swine six qtl total qtl showed effect behavioural trait healthy pig day some qtl lost influence behavioural activity disease effect others qtl partly remained whole experiment although different effect distinct behavioural_index the disease model high relevance detect effect gene locus behavioural_index considering importance segregating allele environmental_condition allow identification phenotype conclude indeed qtl interesting effect behavioural_index swine', 'genetic marker snp well suited development genetic test production trait livestock they stable many generation provide direct assessment individual animal genetic_merit linkage_disequilibrium phase functional genetic_variation bovine_chromosome shown harbor genetic_variation affecting production trait multiple cattle population thus chromosome targeted marker development subsequent association analysis carcass growth phenotype discovery snp performed panel sire representing two sire seven beef breed two holstein sire pcr amplification sequencing using primer_designed genomic sequence obtained sequencing bacterial_artificial chromosome bac_clone from snp tentatively identified minor_allele frequency snp derived_bac chosen based minor_allele frequency genotyped steer sire production carcass data_collected steer part germplasm evaluation gpe cycle vii project meat animal research_center clay center involves evaluation sire seven popular breed haplotype based seven snp derived_bac containing bovine gene associated trait related carcass fat steer homozygous major haplotype le subcutaneous_fat le rib fat lower yield_grade le predicted fat_yield greater predicted retail product yield heterozygote the frequency major haplotype steer ranged limousin simmental gelbvieh panel consisting average purebred sire seven breed second set haplotype based four snp derived_bac containing gene associated shear_force steer homozygous major haplotype greater shear_force heterozygous major haplotype one two minor haplotype the frequency major haplotype steer ranged hereford approximately angus red angus panel purebred sire these_result demonstrate feasibility targeting qtl region marker development low level coverage identify marker associated phenotypic trait', 'association study trait generally limited sample population size accurate phenotypic_data the_objective study utilise data primiparous_cow experimental_farm ireland united_kingdom netherlands sweden identify_genomic region associated traditional measure fertility well fertility phenotype derived milk progesterone profile traditional_fertility measure investigated day first heat day first_service pregnancy_rate first_service number service calving interval interval commencement luteal activity cla derived using routine milk progesterone assay phenotypic genotypic_data single_nucleotide polymorphism snp available primiparous_cow genetic_parameter estimated using linear animal model univariate_bivariate association analysis undertaken using_bayesian stochastic search variable_selection performed_using gibbs sampling heritability_estimate traditional_fertility trait varied heritability cla the posterior quantitative_trait locus qtl probability across genome traditional_fertility measure posterior qtl probability observed cla snp chromosome chromosome respectively univariate analysis probability increased cla included bivariate analysis traditional_fertility trait for_example bivariate analysis posterior qtl probability two aforementioned snp candidate_gene vicinity snp discussed the result study suggest power association study cattle may increased sharing data also possibly using physiological measure trait investigation', 'genotype retinoic acid orphan receptor rorc gene associated fatness cattle ten snp genotyped rorc adjacent gene repeat neuronal map qtl sequence around domain rorc gene inferred_haplotype snp combined frequency top haplotype combined frequency the average value linkage_disequilibrium although average low the rorc snp strongest_association marbling the inferred_haplotype significantly_associated marbling difference divergent haplotype sigma marbling sigma rump_fat explaining previously_reported qtl effect cdna rorc sequenced new alternative transcript found fetal tissue show time greater transcription rorc adult tissue the highest expression fetal tissue found liver_kidney adult longissimus_muscle greatest expression tissue tested', 'functional_candidate gene approach used search gene affecting milk_production trait holstein_dairy cattle signal_transducer activator_transcription chosen involvement development mammary_gland using pooled genomic dna_sequencing approach identified single_nucleotide polymorphism genomic dna_extracted son obtained cooperative_dairy dna_repository blood_sample daughter bull obtained university_wisconsin resource_population daughter_yield deviation data son yield_deviation daughter obtained milk_production trait usda animal improvement program laboratory for repository population allele associated significant increase milk fat protein_percentage for university_wisconsin population genotype associated significant increase milk fat protein_yield result study consistent_previous study role_regulating transcription gene involved milk_protein synthesis fat metabolism', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl identified linkage analysis bovine_chromosome affect fatty_acid myristic acid subcutaneous adipose_tissue beef_cattle level significance the qtl also shown significant effect ten fatty_acid milk fat dairy_cattle positional_candidate gene qtl identified fatty_acid synthase_fasn multifunctional enzyme central role metabolism lipid five single_nucleotide polymorphism snp identified bovine fasn gene animal genotyped fasn snp three different cattle resource_population linkage association mapping result using snp consistent fasn gene underlying qtl snp substitution_effect percentage found effect opposite direction adipose fat milk fat concluded snp bovine fasn gene associated variation fatty_acid composition adipose fat milk fat', 'two quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting female_fertility mapped french_dairy cattle phenotype rate day insemination chromosome qtl significant rate day suggesting affect early fertility event analysis cause complex vertebral malformation excluded gene qtl interval chromosome qtl almost significant rate day this qtl associated abortion stillbirth problem use appropriate phenotype appeared important qtl associated fertility', 'the_aim study identify presence snp chemokine gene chemokine receptor gene ass potential contribution variation estimated_breeding value_ebv somatic_cell score_sc four trait canadian_holstein bull pool dna bull high_low ebv sc used identification snp two unreported snp found gene one snp found gene previously_reported snp three gene five chemokine receptor also identified two snp three one one genotyped canadian_holstein bull using tetra primer investigated association seven polymorphism three production trait milk_yield fat_yield protein_yield one conformation trait related mastitis udder_depth the allele_substitution effect snp significant level milk_yield protein_yield ebv the association snp sc_ebv significant level however allele_substitution effect snp sc significant level might indicate_possible association support published study lastly assigned previously qtl sc identified', 'skin largest organ pig body play_key role protecting body pathogen excessive water_loss deciphering genetic_basis swine skin_thickness would enrich knowledge skin identify locus porcine skin_thickness first performed genome_scan microsatellite_marker white_duroc erhualian_intercross identified three significant qtl pig chromosome_ssc using linkage analysis the significant qtl found small_confidence interval explaining percent phenotypic_variance further conducted association study_gwas using_illumina beadchips pedigree population chinese_sutai pig confirmed significant qtl pedigree replicated qtl chinese_sutai pig gwass population detected genomic_region associated skin_thickness gwas result generally consistent qtl mapping analysis defined qtl region_harboring interesting_candidate gene linkage_disequilibrium analysis showed haplotype_block likely harbor gene responsible skin_thickness our_finding provide novel_insight genetic_basis swine skin_thickness would benefit understanding porcine skin function', 'many study reported quantitative_trait locus chromosome affect milk_production trait dairy_cattle osteopontin_opn peroxisome proliferator activated receptor_gamma coactivator alpha located middle chromosome apart approximately the_objective study_investigate association opn variant milk_production trait independent holstein_cattle population university_wisconsin daughter_design cooperative_dairy dna_repository cddr granddaughter_design resource_population for opn cow resource_population genotyped polymorphism reported previously cddr_population additive_effect significant fat_percentage protein_percentage fat_yield resource_population these_result consistent_previous study shown significant association opn variant milk composition trait the association variant investigated cddr resource_population using single_nucleotide polymorphism for resource_population additive_effect significantly increased protein_percentage decreased milk_yield dominance_effect significant examined trait for cddr_population associated significant increase milk_protein percentage sc thus cddr_population associated significant increase milk_protein percentage contrast association result previously_reported german_holstein population', 'chronic pastern dermatitis cpd also known chronic progressive lymphedema cpl skin disease affect draft_horse this disease cause painful swelling nodule formation skin ulceration interfering movement the_aim scan identify_quantitative trait locus qtl cpd german_draft horse recorded clinical data cpd german_draft horse collected blood_sample horse horse_paternal family comprising horse breed rhenish german schleswig south_german chosen genotyping each family constituted one draft_horse breed genotyping done polymorphic_microsatellites evenly_distributed equine_autosome chromosome mean distance multipoint linkage analysis_revealed significant qtl horse chromosome_eca analysis breed confirmed qtl south_german qtl draft_horse for rhenish german schleswig draft_horse additional qtl south_german draft_horse additional qtl found this_first scan cpd draft_horse important step_toward identification candidate_gene', 'the calpain gene family inhibitor diverse effect many related protein turnover appear affect range phenotype diabetes muscle injury pathological event associated degenerative neural disease human fertility longevity postmortem effect meat_tenderness livestock_specie the calpains inhibited calpastatin bind directly calpain here_report direct measurement epistatic_interaction causative_mutation quantitative_trait locus qtl calpain located chromosome causative_mutation qtl variation calpastatin_cast located chromosome cattle first identified potential causative_mutation cast genotyped along putative_causative mutation cattle seven breed the maximum allele_substitution effect phenotype single_nucleotide polymorphism snp sigma cast snp also sigma measured across breed found significant epistasis snp cast taurine_zebu derived breed there additive_dominance component epistasis additive additive_dominance dominance component combined minority breed comparison show epistasis suggesting genetic_variation gene may_influence degree epistasis found system', 'fine_map previously detected quantitative_trait locus qtls affecting milk_production trait bovine_chromosome microsatellite_marker situated within interval spanning selected daughter_sire genotyped two mapping approach haplotype sharing based mapping single marker regression mapping used_analyze data both approach revealed quantitative_trait locus qtl significant effect milk_yield fat_yield protein_yield located segment flanked_marker span genetic distance physical distance addition single marker regression mapping also revealed qtl affecting fat_percentage protein_percentage marker our fine_mapping work facilitate cloning candidate_gene underlying qtls milk_production trait', 'background cattle gene coding melanocortin receptor known main regulator switch two coat_colour pigment eumelanin black pigment phaeomelanin red pigment some breed charolais simmental exhibit lightening original pigment whole body the dilution mutation charolais responsible white coat_colour breed using charolais_holstein population includes animal pigment background present linkage mapping study charolais dilution locus result charolais_holstein crossbred population investigated genetic effect coat_colour dilution three different trait representing dilution phaeomelanin eumelanin dilution defined highly_significant association detected chromosome three trait analysed marker interval the silv gene examined strongest positional_functional candidate_gene previously_reported mutation exon gene silv associated coat_colour dilution_phenotype resource_population although discrepancy identified mutation dilution_phenotype convincing recombination event found silv mutation locus further analysis identified region chromosome influencing variation pigment intensity given coat_colour category conclusion the present_study identified region bovine_chromosome harbour major locus responsible dilution eumelanin phaeomelanin seen charolais crossbred cattle study convincing evidence found exclude silv causative_mutation charolais dilution_phenotype although genetic effect may_influence coat_colour variation population studied region chromosome influence intensity pigment within coat_colour category therefore may include modifier locus candidate_gene effect lyst identified', 'study highly_significant quantitative_trait locus qtl meat percentage eye_muscle area_ema silverside percentage found cattle chromosome region containing positional_candidate gene growth_differentiation factor common alias myostatin_mstn mutation mstn gene known cause extreme muscling phenotype cattle study highly_significant association mstn cattle carcass trait found using maternally_inherited mstn haplotype outbred limousin jersey_cattle linkage_disequilibrium analysis previously_reported transversion mstn resulting_amino acid substitution phenylalanine leucine position protein sequence polymorphism consistently related increased muscling overall size additive_effect carcass trait moderately large allele found associated increase silverside percentage ema increase total meat percentage relative allele the phenotypic effect allele partially recessive this_study provides strong_evidence mstn genotype produce intermediate muscling phenotype significant value beef_cattle producer', 'difference domestication selection process contributed considerable phenotypic genotypic difference bos_taurus bos_indicus cattle breed particular_interest tropical subtropical production environment genetic difference subspecies underlie phenotypic extreme tolerance susceptibility parasite_infection general taurus cattle susceptible ectoparasite indicus cattle tropical_environment much difference genetic control identify_genomic region involved tick_resistance developed taurus_indicus experimental_population map quantitative_trait locus qtl resistance riphicephalus boophilus microplus tick about individual measured parasite load two season rainy dry genotyped_microsatellite marker_covering chromosome mapped suggestive qtl tick load rainy season chromosome for dry season suggestive qtl mapped chromosome the additive_effect qtl chromosome corresponds total observed phenotypic_variance our study identified different genomic_region controlling tick_resistance qtl dependent upon season tick counted suggesting qtl question may depend environmental_factor', 'the gene corticotropin releasing hormone crh mapped bovine_chromosome quantitative_trait locus qtls reported dairy beef_cattle the gene product regulates secretion adrenocorticotrophin hormone axis multiple hypothalamic function therefore hypothesized crh promising_candidate gene beef_marbling score bm subcutaneous_fat depth sfd wagyu_limousin population two pair primer_designed total single_nucleotide polymorphism snp identified among csnps missense_mutation leading amino_acid change arginine proline serine asparagine aspartic acid histidine respectively these snp genotyped progeny selected tagging snp association analysis historical recombination observed statistical_analysis showed haplotype significant effect sfd significantly_associated bm the snp promoter led cpg site potential regulatory binding_site different haplotype among csnps significantly affected mrna secondary structure associated phenotype overall result_provide evidence crh promising_candidate gene concordant qtl related lipid_metabolism mammal', 'background caspase recruitment domain important pattern recognition receptor play_role initiation inflammatory subsequent immune_response they previously identified susceptibility locus inflammatory bowel disease human therefore suitable candidate_gene inflammatory_disease resistance cattle the_objective study identify single_nucleotide polymorphism snp bovine evaluate association snp health production trait population canadian_holstein bull result selective_dna pool constructed based estimated_breeding value_ebv sc gene segment amplified pool pcr reaction amplicons sequenced reveal polymorphism total four snp including one intron three exon identified none identified canadian_holstein bull genotyped haplotype reconstructed two snp associated ebv health production trait the snp example associated sc_ebv allele_substitution effect score when_compared frequent_haplotype associated increased milk_protein yield ebv significantly_associated increased sc_ebv all significant association retained significance_level permutation_test conclusion_this study indicates snp might_play role host_response mastitis detailed study_needed understand functional mechanism', 'feed_efficiency economically_important trait beef_cattle net feed_efficiency measured residual_feed intake_rfi difference actual feed_intake predicted feed_intake required maintenance gain animal snp show association rfi may_useful quantitative_trait nucleotide selection this_study identified association snp underlying five rfi qtl five bovine_chromosome measure dry_matter intake_dmi rfi feed_conversion ratio_fcr beef_cattle six snp found effect rfi the largest single snp allele_substitution effect rfi located the combined effect snp found significant experiment explained_phenotypic variation rfi not rfi snp showed association dmi fcr even_though trait highly_correlated rfi respectively this show snp may affecting underlying biological_mechanism feed_efficiency beyond feed_intake control weight_gain efficiency these snp used selection first important verify effect independent population cattle', 'whole_genome scan_carried detect_quantitative trait locus qtl fertility trait finnish_ayrshire cattle the mapping population_consisted bull son estimated_breeding value day_open fertility_treatment maternal calf_mortality paternal rate used phenotypic_data granddaughter_design marker typed bovine_autosome association marker trait analysed multiple marker regression analysis carried variance_component based approach chromosome trait combination observed significant regression_method significant qtl detected several detected qtl area overlapping milk_production qtl previously identified population qtl analysis carried test effect due pleiotropic qtl affecting fertility milk_yield trait linked qtl causing effect this distinction could made confidence qtl affecting milk_yield linked pleiotropic qtl affecting day_open fertility_treatment', 'longitudinal approach proposed map qtl affecting trait estimate effect time the method based fitting mixed random_regression model the qtl allelic effect modelled random coefficient parametric curve using gametic relationship_matrix simulation study conducted order ass ability approach fit different pattern qtl time found longitudinal approach able adequately fit simulated variance function considerably improved power_detection qtl effect compared traditional univariate model this confirmed analysis protein_yield data dairy_cattle model able detect qtl high effect either beginning end lactation detected simple day model', 'qtl affecting clinical_mastitis somatic_cell score_sc reported previously chromosome study family swedish_red white_srb finnish_ayrshire danish_red breed order refine qtl location marker genotyped whole chromosome original family additional family this enabled linkage_disequilibrium information used analysis data analysed approach combine information linkage linkage_disequilibrium allowed qtl affecting clinical_mastitis mapped small interval marker this qtl showed pleiotropic_effect sc srb breed haplotype associated variation mastitis_resistance identified the haplotype predictive general population used selection pleiotropic_effect mastitis qtl studied three milk_production trait eight udder_conformation trait this qtl also associated yield trait srb qtl found udder_conformation trait chromosome', 'twinning_rate analyzed israeli_holstein dairy_cattle population animal model daughter_design genome_scan quantitative_trait locus performed each parity considered separate trait heritabilities twinning_rate low increased parity first_parity fifth parity all genetic_correlation among parity environmental correlation genetic_correlation twinning_rate female_fertility measured inverse number_insemination conception first_parity negative combination all environmental correlation small generally negative the overall genetic trend since positive whereas phenotypic trend positive parity negative parity trend quite small total cow daughter_sire genotyped marker spanning autosome there marker significant effect twinning_rate false_discovery rate thus probably represent true effect significant effect found chromosome effect significant false_discovery rate all family analyzed interval_mapping chromosome only family showed nominally significant effect significance obtained either family suggestive_evidence quantitative_trait locus near beginning chromosome near position found family sire also significant effect female_fertility near beginning chromosome there also evidence third quantitative_trait locus end chromosome sire', 'the_aim study_investigate whether quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting risk clinical_mastitis qtl affecting somatic_cell score_sc exhibit effect incidence_mastitis bacteriological data mastitis pathogen used investigate pathogen specificity qtl affecting treatment mastitis first_parity second_parity third parity qtl affecting_sc the common mastitis pathogen danish dairy population analyzed streptococcus dysgalactiae escherichia_coli staphylococci staphylococcus aureus streptococcus uberis data_analyzed using approach independence test generalized_linear mixed_model three different data_set used investigate effect data sampling sample sample followed antibiotic treatment sample daughter the result showed high certainty qtl affecting_sc exhibited pathogen specificity staph_aureus coli respectively the latter result might explained pleiotropic qtl also affect le certain result found qtl affecting qtl affecting found specific strep dysgalactiae staph_aureus qtl affecting found specific coli finally qtl affecting found specific staph_aureus none qtl analyzed found specific staphylococci strep uberis our_result show particular mastitis qtl highly likely exhibit however result interpreted carefully result sensitive sampling method method analysis field data used study these kind data may heavily biased standard procedure collecting milk sample bacteriological analysis denmark furthermore using mean sc parturition may_lead truncated effect sample_collected used additionally repeated sample used could boost difference incidence pathogen daughter_sire inheriting positive_negative qtl allele respectively however magnitude effect study unclear', 'interaction production trait dairy_cattle often_observed qtl analysis focused detecting gene general effect production trait study qtl search gene environmental interaction trait milk_yield protein_yield fat_yield performed bos_taurus autosome also including information previously investigated candidate_gene opn the animal study norwegian red eighteen grandsires sire genotyped marker every marker_bracket regarded putative qtl position the effect candidate_gene putative qtl modeled regression environmental parameter herd year based predicted effect trait two qtl found environmentally dependent effect milk_yield these qtl located_upstream downstream environmentally dependent qtl found significantly affect protein fat_yield', 'the_objective study detect qtl associated incidence multiple pathogenic_disease offspring bovine family four sire used produce offspring brahman_hereford piedmontese angus brahman angus belgian blue marc iii treatment record bovine_respiratory disease infectious keratoconjunctivitis pinkeye infectious pododermatitis footrot available offspring birth slaughter the incidence microbial pathogenic_disease combined single binary trait represent overall pathogenic_disease incidence offspring diagnosed treated previously mentioned pathogenic_disease coded affected cattle treatment record coded healthy putative qtl pathogenic_disease incidence detected family derived sire suggestive level this supported evidence chromosomal_region similar qtl family derived sire the maximum located the support interval qtl spanned further study explore qtl using bovine population confirm qtl refine qtl support interval offspring inheriting hereford allele family sire angus allele family sire le_susceptible incidence pathogenic_disease compared inheriting brahman allele piedmontese allele sire respectively', 'genetic_improvement livestock population achieved detection mapping genetic marker linked quantitative_trait locus qtl with completion bovine genome_sequence assembly single_nucleotide polymorphism snp assay spanning_whole bovine genome research work identification validation analysis genotypic variation cattle become_possible total canadian_holstein bull used test association snp qtl single locus linkage_disequilibrium regression_model implemented_perform whole_genome scan identify map qtl affecting conformation functional trait one_thousand five_hundred snp marker intron_exon potential qtl region economically_important trait across bovine genome selected association analysis total snp found associated conformation functional trait significance_level respectively among significant snp newly detected study whereas reported previous literature located gene worth investigating potentially identify_causative mutation_underlying qtl the single locus linkage_disequilibrium regression_method using snp marker genotype proven successful methodology detecting mapping qtl dairy_cattle population', 'background quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting meat_tenderness reported bovine_chromosome here examine variation calpain gene cattle gene located_within confidence_interval qtl positional_candidate gene based biochemical activity protein result identified single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genomic sequence gene tested three sample cattle three snp genotyped largest significant additive_effect allele_substitution effect brahman alpha polymorphism explained_residual phenotypic_variance sample breed significant haplotype substitution_effect found three breed brahman belmont red santa gertrudis for common haplotype haplotype substitution_effect brahman alpha the effect gene compared calpastatin sample the snp show negligible frequency taurine_breed low_moderate minor_allele frequency zebu_composite animal conclusion these association confirm location qtl meat_tenderness region bovine_chromosome snp near gene may responsible part overall difference taurine_zebu breed meat_tenderness greater variability meat_tenderness found zebu_composite breed the evidence provided far suggests none tested snp causative_mutation', 'scan qtl affecting economically_important trait beef production performed_using resource family japanese_black limousin cross animal measured growth_carcass trait all family_member genotyped informative microsatellite_marker spanned bovine_autosome the centromeric_region contained significant qtl exceeding threshold carcass grading trait area beef_marbling standard bm number luster quality_grade firmness computer image_analysis cia trait lean area_ratio fat area_rfa area area_rfa musculus trapezius area trapezius lean area semispinalis lean area_rfa semispinalis area_rfa semispinalis capitis area meat_quality trait content crude fat_moisture significant qtl withers_height detected detected significant qtl content backfat content intermuscular fat around region content ratio total unsaturated_fatty acid_content total sfa content intramuscular_fat different region trait overall identified significant qtl region controlling trait significance trait exceeded_threshold some qtl affecting meat_quality trait detected study might qtl previously_reported the qtl identified need_validated commercial japanese_black cattle population', 'bilateral convergent strabismus exophthalmus bcse widespread inherited eye defect several cattle population it progressive condition often lead blindness affected cattle decrease usability furthermore german animal_welfare law prevent breeding animal whose progeny expected affected genetic defect identifying gene involved heredity bcse lead insight_molecular pathogenesis eye disease permit establishment genetic test disease scan family containing total genotyped individual identified two bcse_locus one bcse_locus mapped centromeric_region bovine_chromosome bta bcse_locus mapped telomeric_region thus possible two gene involved_development bcse alternatively one locus could cause development bcse_locus could affect progression severity defect', 'thyroid_hormone play_important role_regulating metabolism affect homeostasis fat_deposition the gene_encoding thyroglobulin producing precursor thyroid_hormone proposed positional_functional candidate_gene qtl effect fat_deposition present_study identified novel snp flanking_region gene the snp marker association analysis_indicated snp marker significantly_associated marbling_score animal new homozygote genotype higher_marbling score genotype besides linkage_disequilibrium analysis_indicated snp completely_linked result study suggest snp may_useful marker meat_quality trait future selection programme beef_cattle', 'genome_scan detection bovine quantitative_trait locus qtl performed via variance_component linkage analysis linkage_disequilibrium regression ldrm four hundred holstein sire grandsire_family genotyped single_nucleotide polymorphism snp using affymetrix megallele genechip bovine mapping snp_array hybrid selective_genotyping design applied four thousand eight hundred snp located chromosome formed basis analysis the mean polymorphism information content snp the snp centimorgan position interpolated position using microsatellite framework map estimated_breeding value used observation following trait analyzed lactation milk fat protein_yield somatic_cell score herd_life interval calving_first service age_first service the variance_component linkage analysis detected potential qtl whereas ldrm analysis found significant snp association accounting false_discovery rate twenty potential qtl significant snp association close_proximity qtl cited literature both method found significant region bos_taurus autosome_bta milk_yield bta fat_yield bta protein_yield bta calving_first service bta age_first service both approach effective detecting potential qtl dense snp map the ldrm well suited first genome_scan due approximately time lower computational demand further fine_mapping applied chromosomal_region interest found study', 'the_purpose study map quantitative_trait locus qtl influencing female_fertility estimated rate nrr french_dairy cattle breed normande montbeliarde the first_step qtl detection study nrr day artificial_insemination family including progeny_tested bull three qtl identified bos_taurus chromosome whereas one qtl identified normande the second step aimed confirming three qtl refining location selecting genotyping additional microsatellite_marker family three breed using nrr within day only three qtl initially detected confirmed moreover analysis nrr within day allowed distinguish two qtl one one estimated qtl variance total genetic_variance respectively qtl mapping', 'targeted quantitative_trait locus qtl milk_protein percentage two italian_holstein granddaughter_design family using selective_genotyping combination high_throughput amplified fragment_length polymorphism aflp marker total extreme high_low sire respect estimated_breeding value_ebv ebvp genotyped aflp primer combination revealed polymorphism two family association marker ebvp investigated linear_model band paternal origin aflp band family respectively although marker significantly_associated target trait correction_multiple comparison aflp marker significant without correction_multiple test considered suggestive presence qtl eleven successfully located six bos_taurus bta chromosome radiation_hybrid mapping ten mapped immediate neighbourhood le already described qtl suggestive association verified four region microsatellites analysis one bta one bta two bta microsatellites identified significant effect single marker interval_mapping analysis bta bta suggestive presence qtl bta summary result firstly indicate aflp marker may used seek qtl exploiting selective_genotyping approach gdd wide used experimental_design cattle secondly propose two approach aflp mapping namely mapping exploiting updated release bovine whole_genome sequencing project physical mapping exploiting panel radiation_hybrid thirdly provide_new information qtls economic important trait never investigated holstein_cattle population aflp combination selective_genotyping useful strategy qtl searching minor livestock_specie sometimes large economic_impact marginal area informative marker still poorly developed', 'addition potential contribution improving animal_welfare study genetics cattle behavior may provide general insight_genetic control complex trait carried genome_scan holstein charolais cross cattle population identify_quantitative trait locus qtl influencing trait individual_belonging population backcross individual subjected behavioral_test the flight feeder test measured distance animal moved away approaching human observer whereas social separation test categorized different activity animal engaged removed penmates the entire population genotyped_microsatellite marker regression_interval mapping analysis identified region exceeding significance_level individually explained relatively_small fraction phenotypic_variance trait one significant association influencing test trait chromosome reached_significance level eight qtl associated test trait reached_significance level the location qtl coincided_previously reported temperament qtl cattle whereas reported first_time may represent general locus controlling temperament difference cattle breed overlapping qtl identified trait measured different test supporting_hypothesis different genetic factor influence behavioral response different situation', 'traditional genetic selection cattle trait low_heritability reproduction little success with addition dna technology genetic selection toolbox livestock opportunity may exist improve reproductive_efficiency rapidly cattle the meat animal research_center production efficiency population twinning ovulation_rate record multiple generation animal significant number animal tissue sample available dna genotyping the_objective study confirm qtl twinning ovulation_rate previously found evaluate ability genoprob predict genotypic information pedigree containing animal using genotype snp data_set containing animal marker data microsatellites animal per marker used conjunction data_set genotyped animal genotypic probability female used_calculate independent variable regression additive_dominance imprinting_effect genotypic regression fitted_fixed effect mixed_model analysis using reml each snp analyzed individually followed backward selection fitting individually significant snp simultaneously removing least significant snp significant snp left five significant snp association detected twinning_rate detected ovulation_rate two snp trait significant imprinting additional modeling paternal_maternal allelic effect confirmed initial result imprinting done contrasting heterozygote these_result supported comparative_mapping mouse_human imprinted gene region bovine_chromosome', 'feed_intake feed_efficiency economically_important trait beef_cattle feed greatest variable cost production feed_efficiency measured feed_conversion ratio_fcr intake per unit gain_residual feed_intake rfi measured dmi corrected growth_rate sometimes measure body_composition usually carcass fatness rfi the goal study fine_map qtl trait beef_cattle using marker autosome the animal used family originating angus_charolais university alberta_hybrid bull mixed_model random sire fixed qtl effect nested within sire used test location along chromosome threshold level determined chromosome genome level using permutation total qtl exceeded_threshold exceeded achieved significance_threshold level least qtl detected bta significance_threshold trait nineteen chromosome contained rfi qtl significant level the rfi qtl result generally similar rfi position similar occasionally differing level significance compared rfi fewer qtl detected fcr dmi qtl respectively threshold some chromosome contained fcr qtl rfi qtl dmi qtl chromosome rfi qtl detected the significant qtl rfi located bta fcr bta dmi bta the rfi qtl showed consistent result previous rfi qtl mapping study bta the identification qtl provides starting_point identify gene affecting feed_intake efficiency use_selection management', 'genome_scan detect qtl influencing growth trait conducted charolais_holstein crossbred cattle population phenotypic measurement related growth_carcass trait made crossbred male herd reciprocal backcrosses born consecutive annual cohort trait measured vivo related birth dimension growth_rate ultrasound measurement fat muscle_depth the animal slaughtered near target wide_range postmortem trait measured visual assessment carcass conformation carcass fatness estimated subcutaneous_fat percentage weight kidney knob channel fat weight carcass component commercial dissection the whole population including grandparent parent crossbred bull genotyped initially microsatellite_marker additional marker subsequently analyzed increase marker_density chromosome qtl initially identified the linear_regression analysis based marker revealed total significant qtl suggestive level highly_significant based threshold obtained initial scan large_proportion highly_significant association found chromosome the highly_significant qtl localized marker chromosome explained_phenotypic variance total bone proportion estimated commercial dissection adjacent marker interval chromosome highly_significant qtl found explain phenotypic_variance birth dimension trait body_length birth chromosome significant association influenced lean bone ratio forerib joint flanked_marker other highly_significant association detected chromosome estimated subcutaneous_fat percentage total saleable meat proportion prehousing growth_rate bone proportion leg joint these_result provide_useful starting_point identification gene associated trait direct interest beef industry using fine_mapping positional_candidate gene approach', 'scan using affected paternal design utilized detect_quantitative trait locus qtl displaced abomasum_lda german_holstein total animal paternal_family genotyped total polymorphic_microsatellites for scan marker equally distributed bovine_autosome average_distance for total additional microsatellites used identified significant qtl bos_taurus autosome_bta furthermore significant qtl located bovine_chromosome addition found qtl cosegregated grandsire_family significant analysis these qtl located this_study first_report qtl lda first_step toward identifying single_nucleotide polymorphism', 'the_aim study detect qtl across cattle genome influence incidence clinical_mastitis somatic_cell score_sc danish_holstein characterize qtl pleiotropy versus multiple linked quantitative_trait locus qtl chromosomal_region affecting clinical_mastitis also affecting trait danish udder_health index milk_production trait the chromosome scanned_using granddaughter_design marker typed grandsire_family son total microsatellites_covering autosome used scan among regression analysis showed significance primary trait incidence clinical_mastitis first_second third lactation sc region chromosome found affect region chromosome affected sc marker chromosome used_perform selection without direct negative selection milk_yield effect detected milk trait comparing model_assuming either pleiotropic qtl affecting trait qtl affecting trait gave evidence distinguish model for bos_taurus autosome likely model pleiotropic qtl affecting_sc linked qtl affecting fat_yield index for bos_taurus autosome likely model pleiotropic qtl affecting approximately', 'twinning cattle complex trait associated economic_loss health_issue abortion dystocia reduced calf survival qtl detected previously north_american holstein norwegian dairy_cattle population usda herd selected high twinning_rate previous work north_american holstein population strongest evidence qtl obtained analysis extended_family using additional animal increased density snp marker association test combined_linkage linkage_disequilibrium mapping method refined position qtl north_american holstein population two set predicted_transmitting ability estimated different time period north_american dairy_cattle population used provide validation result total snp microsatellites used scan genomic_region combined disequilibrium analysis identified significant evidence qtl within region the gene examined positional_candidate gene snp intron significantly_associated twinning_rate using data_set replication association cattle population required examine extent linkage_disequilibrium underlying quantitative_trait nucleotide across breed', 'fine_map quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting milk_production trait previously associated microsatellite implemented interval_mapping analysis using microsatellite_marker large israeli_holstein sire_family linkage_disequilibrium mapping large set holstein_bull interval_mapping located target qtl near vicinity for mapping identified single_nucleotide polymorphism snp gene region bovine_chromosome total tag snp genotyped bull belonging university california davis archival collection holstein_bull dna_sample predicted transmitted ability phenotype analysis_revealed block intrablock value respectively outside block value ranged standard model using generalized_linear model procedure_sa regression module helixtree software used test association single_nucleotide polymorphism significantly_associated milk_production trait propose interval encompassing gene candidate region bovine_chromosome concordant qtl related milk_protein trait dairy_cattle functional study_needed confirm result', 'herein report result daughter_design study aiming identify_quantitative trait locus qtl associated birth_weight direct_gestation length passive_immune transfer backcross holstein_jersey holstein population calf offspring seven crossbred sire genotyped_microsatellite marker distributed_along bovine_autosome the genome_scan performed interval_mapping using animal model order_identify qtl accounting_phenotypic difference individual animal based significant value identified putative qtl gestation_length birth_weight passive_immune transfer total qtl accounted_phenotypic variance gestation_length birth_weight passive_immune transfer respectively also report result supplementary independent influential holstein family family finding direct_gestation length agreement result crossbred population two region putatively underlying qtl direct_gestation length variability discovered analysis', 'identifying quantitative_trait locus qtl underlying_complex trait notoriously difficult prototypical trait calving_ease important breeding objective cattle bos_taurus program identify qtl underlying calving_ease performed association study using estimated_breeding value_ebv highly_heritable phenotype paternal calving_ease pce related trait the massively structured study population_consisted bull german_fleckvieh breed two region bovine_chromosome bta respectively identified using principal_component analysis correct population_stratification the two significantly_associated snp explain ebv variation since marker allele negative effect pce positive effect trait qtl may exert effect birthing process fetal_growth trait the qtl region corresponds human chromosome hsa region associated growth characteristic the hsa region corresponding pce qtl maternally imprinted involved angelman syndrome resequencing positional_candidate gene revealed highly significantly_associated polymorphism ablating polyadenylation signal gene_encoding ribosomal protein our study demonstrates leverage potential ebv unraveling genetic_architecture lowly_heritable trait', 'twinning complex trait negative_impact health_reproduction cause_economic loss dairy production several twinning_rate quantitative_trait locus qtl detected previous_study confidence_interval qtl location broad many qtl unreplicated identify_genomic region gene associated twinning_rate qtl analysis based linkage combined_linkage disequilibrium lld individual marker association conducted across genome using single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genotype total snp marker genotyped sire son north_american holstein_dairy cattle family after snp genotyped informative marker selected association test qtl search evidence twinning_rate qtl found throughout genome thirteen marker significantly_associated twinning_rate detected chromosome region fourteen chromosome identified lld analysis seven previously_reported ovulation twinning_rate qtl supported result single marker association lld analysis single marker association analysis lld mapping complementary tool identification putative qtl genome_scan', 'data joint nordic breeding_value prediction danish_swedish holstein_grandsire family used locate_quantitative trait locus qtl female_fertility trait danish_swedish holstein_cattle holstein grandsires_son genotyped_microsatellite marker single trait breeding_value used trait relating female_fertility female_reproductive disorder data_analyzed least_square regression analysis within across family qtl detected different chromosome the best evidence found qtl segregating bos_taurus chromosome bta chromosome several qtl detected affecting one fertility trait investigated study evidence segregation additional qtl found', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting clinical_mastitis somatic_cell score_sc mapped bovine_chromosome the mapping population_consisted grandsire_family belonging three nordic_red cattle breed finnish_ayrshire swedish_red white_srb danish_red the family previously shown segregate udder_health qtl total progeny_tested bull included analysis linkage_map including microsatellite five snp marker constructed performed combined_linkage disequilibrium linkage analysis_ldla using whole data_set further analysis performed srb separately study origin identified examine common population finally different model_fitted these postulated either pleiotropic qtl affecting trait two linked qtl affecting one trait one qtl affecting single trait qtl affecting haplotype strong association high negative effect mastitis_resistance identified the mapping_precision earlier detected improved ldla analysis lack linkage_disequilibrium marker used qtl region', 'background qtl affecting fat_deposition related performance trait considered several study mapped numerous porcine chromosome however activity specific enzyme protein content cell structure fat tissue probably depend smaller number gene trait related fat_content carcass thus work trait related metabolic cytological feature back_fat tissue fat related performance trait investigated qtl analysis qtl similarity difference examined three cross male_female animal method total animal originating cross meishan_pietrain european_wild boar analysed trait related fat performance enzymatic activity number volume fat cell per cross mxp wxp wxm distributed marker locus genotyped qtl mapping performed_separately cross step step reduced distance locus shorter the additive_dominant component qtl position detected stepwise using multiple position model result total significant qtl detected three cross most qtl identified predominantly mhc region sscx vicinity gene additional significant qtl found many case qtl mainly additive differ cross many qtl profile posse multiple peak especially region high marker_density sex specific analysis performed example sscx show trait position differ male_female animal for selected trait additive_dominant component analysed qtl position different chromosome explain combination total trait variance conclusion_our result reveal specific partly new qtl position across genetically_diverse pig cross for trait associated specific enzyme protein content cell structure fat tissue first_time included qtl analysis they provide information analyse causative gene useful data pig_industry', 'population individual established broiler chicken divergently_selected either high_low growth used localize qtl developmental change body_weight shank_length shank_diameter week qtl mapping revealed three qtl chromosome gga three suggestive qtl gga most qtl individually explained_phenotypic variance the qtl explained week_age explained week the qtl could associated early_late growth respectively the qtl also largest_effect explained_phenotypic variance respectively however corrected shank_length percent qtl identified identified novel qtl also confirmed previously identified locus chicken population foundation population established commercial_broiler strain possible qtl identified study could still_segregating commercial strain', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl study carried two country recording live_animal carcass_composition trait calf heifer steer generated jersey limousin_breed background the new_zealand cattle_reared pasture carcass_weight averaging whilst australian cattle_reared grass finished grain least day carcass_weight averaging from live_animal trait carcass_composition trait respectively qtl detected analysis significant basis fourteen significant trait carcass_composition qtl chromosome trait associated muscling fatness this chromosome carried variant myostatin allele segregating limousin ancestry despite different cattle management_system two country two population large number qtl common trait common country significant qtl level eight significant country', 'several study reported presence carcass quality qtl specific gene conclusively linked cause the_aim study identify polymorphism gene known affect lipid_metabolism specie ass association carcass quality trait two gene located dienoyl coa reductase core binding factor runt domain alpha subunit translocated gene previously evaluated specie found contain polymorphism influencing lipid_metabolism gene fibroblast growth_factor recent study linked several qtl affecting obesity mouse indicating_potential regulating adiposity specie sequencing analysis identified polymorphism multiple sequence alignment among cattle human_mouse showed mutation lie conserved region across specie using angus_charolais crossbred animal produced association ultrasound marbling_score ultrasound_backfat carcass backfat lean_meat yield quantitative_trait locus analysis including set previously genotyped marker polymorphism resulted several significant qtl peak ultrasound_backfat ubf lean_meat yield carcass gradefat yield_grade level using genetic covariate removed ubf qtl indicating snp contributing variation observed ubf similar analysis performed_using polymorphism result showed_significant peak lean_meat yield yield_grade carcass backfat removal snp analysis resulted disappearance carcass backfat qtl these_result suggest polymorphism discovered may_play role lipid_metabolism pathway affecting carcass quality trait beef_cattle however study_needed confirm polymorphism responsible difference_observed carcass quality beef_cattle', 'fatty_acid composition profile important_indicator meat_quality tasting flavor metabolic index fatty_acid authentic reflect meat nutrition public acceptance investigate genetic_mechanism fatty_acid metabolic index pork conducted association study_gwas fatty_acid metabolic trait five pig population identified total single_nucleotide polymorphism snp corresponding significant locus nine chromosome suggestive locus nine chromosome our_finding confirmed seven previously_reported qtl stronger_association strength also revealed four novel locus showing investigation intermediate phenotype like metabolic trait fatty_acid increase statistical_power gwas phenotype proposed list candidate_gene identified locus including three novel gene further constructed functional network involving candidate_gene deduced potential fatty_acid metabolic_pathway these_finding advance_understanding genetic_basis fatty_acid composition pig the result european hybrid commercial_pig immediately transited breeding_practice beneficial fatty_acid composition', 'the_aim study identify_quantitative trait locus qtls pathologic change navicular_bone hanoverian_warmblood horse seventeen paternal_group comprising individual analyzed scan these family included progeny grandchild randomly chosen hanoverian_warmblood three different trait considered deformed canales sesamoidales radiographic change contour structure navicular_bone the genome_scan included total highly polymorphic microsatellite_marker the putatively linked genomic_region equine chromosome_eca refined using additional microsatellites significant qtls located five different equine chromosome significant qtls this_study first_step get insight_molecular genetic determination radiologic change equine navicular_bone', 'the_aim study identify_quantitative trait locus qtl osteochondrosis osseous fragment pof fetlock_joint scan south_german coldblood_horse symptom pof checked radiography south_german coldblood_horse mean age month the radiographic examination comprised fetlock_hock joint limb the genome_scan included polymorphic microsatellite_marker all microsatellite_marker equally spaced autosome chromosome average_distance mean polymorphism information content_pic sixteen chromosome harbouring putative qtl region investigated genotyping animal additional marker qtl significance lod_score found chromosome this included seven qtl fetlock one qtl associated hock fetlock significant qtl pof fetlock_joint located equine chromosome this genome_scan important step_towards identification gene responsible horse', 'scan_performed detect_quantitative trait locus qtls osteochondrosis osteochondrosis_dissecans ocd horse the marker set_comprised microsatellites collected data hanoverian_warmblood horse consisting paternal_family trait used fetlock_hock joint affected ocd_fetlock hock_joint affected fetlock_fetlock ocd_hock hock ocd the first genome_scan included microsatellite_marker second step additional marker chosen refine putative qtls found first scan significant qtls located equine chromosome qtls fetlock_hock partly overlapped chromosome indicating trait may genetically related qtls reached_significance level eight different equine chromosome this scan first_step toward_identification candidate genome region_harboring gene responsible equine further_investigation necessary refine map position qtls already identified', 'scan radiological sign osteochondrosis osteochondrosis_dissecans ocd south_german coldblood sgc horse using microsatellite_marker identified significant quantitative_trait locus qtl fetlock_ocd qtl hock equus_caballus chromosome_eca relative position the_aim study analyze association polymorphism snp candidate_gene qtl region using sgc horse the could_confirmed narrowed_interval xin repeat containing snp gene significantly_associated fetlock_fetlock ocd_hock the significant association snp could_confirmed linear animal model controlling systematic environmental residual quantitative genetic effect the significant additive_genetic effect intronic snp fetlock_fetlock ocd_hock homozygous heterozygous horse higher risk fetlock_hock these_result suggest dominant variant may involved pathogenesis equine', 'previously accomplished scan osteochondrosis_dissecans ocd south_german coldblood_horse using microsatellite_marker identified putative quantitative_trait locus qtl significant qtl fetlock_ocd found equus_caballus chromosome_eca relative position the_aim study analyze association single_nucleotide polymorphism snp candidate_gene region the association analysis included affected_unaffected horse three snp located_intron intron region_utr acyloxyacyl hydrolase aoah gene significantly_associated ocd_fetlock joint order control systematic environmental quantitative genetic effect employed linear animal model the association snp exon confirmed animal model analysis significant additive_genetic effect fetlock_ocd dominance_effect estimated this_first report marker linkage_disequilibrium equine ocd_fetlock joint', 'navicular_disease podotrochlosis one main_cause progressive forelimb lameness warmblood_horse the_objective study refine quantitative_trait locus horse chromosome radiological alteration contour navicular_bone rac hanoverian_warmblood horse genotyping performed hanoverian_warmblood horse_paternal group the marker set extended informative_microsatellites including nine newly_developed microsatellites qtl rac could delineated new qtl rac could identified the marker reached highest multipoint mean lod_score error probability addition significant association marker haplotype within qtl could shown the result_support location qtl associated rac this work step_towards development marker test navicular_disease hanoverian_warmblood horse', 'report provide_new informative_microsatellites distributed region horse chromosome_eca refine quantitative_trait locus qtl fetlock osteochondrosis_dissecans ocd significant interval genotyping performed hanoverian_warmblood horse_paternal group within collagen type xxiv alpha identified potential functional_candidate gene equine_osteochondrosis this report step_towards unravelling gene cause equine_osteochondrosis', 'study present newly detected qtl associated osteochondrosis hanoverian_warmblood horse equine chromosome developed highly polymorphic evenly_distributed marker set employing horse genome_assembly the marker set included newly_developed microsatellites average polymorphism information content average_spacing for genotyping marker set comprising total highly polymorphic_microsatellites used paternal_family previous whole_genome scan the linkage analysis_revealed qtl osteochondrosis fetlock_hock joint well osteochondrosis_dissecans hock_joint within qtl equine_osteochondrosis parathyroid hormone_receptor gene could identified positional_candidate gene this report step_toward identification gene responsible osteochondrosis horse', 'equine guttural pouch tympany gpt hereditary disease foal several breed including thoroughbred arabian quarter warmblood_horse performed scan gpt horse five arabian five german warmblood family genotyped_microsatellites significant linkage detected using multipoint linkage analysis analysis stratified sex revealed significant linkage filly significant linkage colt for arabian colt quantitative_trait locus qtl significant haplotype including two four microsatellites within qtl filly colt respectively significantly_associated gpt breed thus analysis_indicated qtl fact agreement fourfold higher incidence gpt female this_first report qtl equine gpt first_step towards identifying gene responsible gpt', 'hypothesized correlation growth trait upper thermal_tolerance utt rainbow_trout oncorhynchus_mykiss might explained quantitative_trait locus qtl localized linkage_group microsatellites three autosomal linkage_group carrying utt qtl rainbow_trout tested association fork length condition factor family outbred_rainbow trout backcrosses trout line_selected utt additionally used microsatellite test association sex chromosome the marker significantly_associated utt accounting variance trait respectively male advantage lesser extent utt relative female sib dependent origin chromosome thus varied_among grandsire line however male higher manner unrelated chromosomal origin suggesting partially expression trait significantly_associated one outbred family significant autosomal association detected our_finding illustrate minor evidence correlation utt partially determined one qtl', 'equine recurrent_airway obstruction_rao chronic lower airway disease horse caused hypersensitivity reaction inhaled stable dust including mould spore aspergillus fumigatus the goal study_investigate whether total serum_ige level ige igg subclass influenced genetic factor rao whether quantitative_trait locus qtl could identified parameter the offspring two sire grouped stallion disease_status total serum_ige level specific ige igga iggb igg level recombinant aspergillus fumigatus measured elisa panel_microsatellite marker_covering equine_autosome used genotype stallion offspring scan using regression_interval mapping performed igg ige subclass there significant effect disease_status sire total ige_level significant effect gender age igga level significantly_higher healthy horse the offspring significantly_higher igga_ige level five qtls significant qtls igga_ige identified eca igga iggb eca igga eca these_result provide_evidence effect disease_status genetics igga_ige', 'historical information used addition pedigree trait genotype map quantitative_trait locus qtl general population via maximum_likelihood estimation variance_component this analysis known linkage_disequilibrium linkage mapping exploit linkage family population level the search qtl wild population soay_sheep kilda proof principle analysed data previous_study confirmed qtls reported the striking result confirmation qtl affecting birth_weight reported using association test using analysis', 'recently located bovine carcass_weight qtl interval identified snp ncapg condensin_complex subunit gene lead amino_acid change ncapg protein candidate causative variation here_examined association ncapg locus linear skeletal measurement trait adolescence period intensive growth using two historically geographically distant cattle population japanese_black steer_bull experimental_cross charolais_german holstein population snp ncapg associated component body frame_size height length_width puberty the association trait observed earlier growth period compared association trait indicating primary effect qtl may possibly exerted skeletal growth the significant association ncapg locus skeletal measurement similar effect syntenic region human chromosome associated adult_height human supporting_hypothesis analogous human locus pointing conserved locus chromosomal_region present specie', 'this_study aimed verifying previously identified qtl affecting growth_carcass trait ovine_chromosome texel_sheep charollais suffolk_sheep the qtl investigated using regression variance_component mapping vca body_weight muscle fat_depth measurement addition mode_inheritance texel qtl explored using data texel_sheep fitting vca model testing additive imprinting_effect also simulated population different qtl imprinting model various available level marker information understand behaviour vca result different assumed genetic model summary previously identified qtl successfully verified using interval_mapping vca three breed propose polar_overdominance mode_inheritance qtl texel_sheep present method dissect qtl mode_inheritance using texel qtl example', 'understanding_genetic architecture phenotypic_variation natural population fundamental goal evolutionary genetics wild soay_sheep ovis_aries inherited polymorphism horn morphology sex controlled single autosomal locus horn the majority male large normal_horn small number vestigial deformed horn known scurs female either normal_horn scurs horn polled given scurred male polled female reduced fitness within sex counterintuitive polymorphism persists within population therefore identifying genetic_basis horn_type provide vital foundation understanding different morphs maintained face natural selection conducted association study using single_nucleotide polymorphism snp determined main candidate horn autosomal gene known involvement determining primary sex character human_mouse evidence additional snp around support new model inheritance soay_sheep first_time sheep horn phenotype different underlying genotype identified addition shown additive quantitative_trait locus qtl horn size male accounting additive_genetic variation trait this finding contrast markedly association study quantitative_trait human model specie often_observed mapped locus explain modest proportion overall genetic_variation', 'experimental_population developed broiler_layer cross used genome_scan qtl percentage carcass carcass part_shank head chicken four paternal_family genotyped genetic marker_covering linkage_group total map length covering approximately genome qtl interval_mapping using regression_method applied model under_model significant qtl suggestive linkage percentage carcass part_shank head mapped linkage_group under paternal model six significant qtl suggestive linkage percentage carcass part_shank head detected nine chicken linkage_group seven seemed corroborate position revealed previous model overall three novel qtl importance broiler industry mapped one significant shank two suggestive carcass breast percentage drum thigh percentage one novel qtl wing mapped six novel qtl suggestive linkage mapped head suggestive linkage identified back addition many qtl mapped study confirmed qtl previously_reported population', 'good eggshell_quality important table egg quality chicken reproductive_performance weak eggshell cause_economic loss production step poor eggshell_quality also pose increased risk salmonella_infection eggshell_quality difficult trait improve traditional breeding measured female difficult_expensive measure breeding improved shell quality may therefore benefit use_selection effort find marker linked eggshell_quality used population female map quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting eggshell trait eggshell deformation breaking force weight using microsatellite_marker chromosome found suggestive qtl shell trait measured different time production locus affecting deformation found chromosome locus affecting breaking force detected chromosome locus affecting shell weight detected chromosome each qtl explains_phenotypic variance adding total phenotypic_variance explained different trait epistatic effect observed locus affecting eggshell trait because effect quality mainly additive result_provide basis characterization locus identify closely_linked marker used selection', 'broiler chicken bone problem important welfare_issue linked genetic selection rapid growth the_objective study identify fine_map quantitative_trait locus qtl associated bone trait the northeast_agricultural university_resource population_neaurp population used study total bone trait measured primary genome_scan linkage_map constructed microsatellite_marker across_entire chicken chromosome seventeen qtls bone trait identified found apart fine_map qtls located marker individual used new partial linkage_map constructed the confidence_interval qtls sharply narrowed this_study identified chromosome region_harbouring significant qtls affecting bone trait showed use marker individual could_decrease confidence_interval qtl effectively the result_provide useful_reference candidate_gene research ma bone trait', 'critical age weight body_composition suggested necessary correlate sexual_maturity genome_scan identify_quantitative trait locus qtl age body_weight first_egg afe wfe conducted bird cross using microsatellite_marker without covariate qtl body_wfe detected chromosome single qtl afe detected chromosome with afe covariate additional qtl body_wfe found chromosome abdominal_fat pad covariate qtl body_wfe found chromosome with body_wfe covariate additional qtl afe found chromosome the qtl generally acted additively evidence epistasis consistent original line difference broiler allele positive effect body_wfe negative effect afe whereas phenotypic correlation two trait positive the mapped qtl body_wfe cumulatively accounted almost half body_weight difference chicken line puberty overlapping qtl body_wfe body_weight week_age indicate qtl affecting growth_rate also affect body_wfe the qtl body_weight growth sexual_maturity suggests body_weight growth_rate closely_related attainment sexual_maturity genetic determination growth_rate correlated effect puberty', 'the ornithine_decarboxylase odc_gene candidate_gene growth_carcass trait located chicken chromosome region qtl growth_carcass trait previously detected population the_objective study identify polymorphism odc_gene resource_population examine effect odc polymorphism growth_carcass trait the resource_population obtained_crossing shamo male white_plymouth rock female the population measured growth_carcass trait used positional_candidate gene analysis total novel snp novel indel_mutation identified parental population three snp indel_mutation promoter_region odc_gene identified parental population haplotype composed mutation segregated parental population qtl analysis performed qtl growth_carcass trait detected significant level similar_position odc_gene significant association found haplotype promoter_region odc_gene trait population effect haplotype age significant the haplotype odc_gene found study might_help understanding_genetic structure growth_carcass trait improving trait directly ma therefore functional study necessary evaluate effect promoter mutation molecular level', 'qtl affecting body_weight chicken mapped marker the gene previously identified candidate_gene determining body_height human_mouse also conspicuously close marker chicken subsequently snp marker genotyped cau chicken resource_population association body_weight snp marker displayed polymorphism analysed three snp found significantly_correlated body_weight chicken furthermore haplotype_constructed based three snp also discovered associated body_weight chicken age week these_result suggest chicken gene indeed involved body_weight gain', 'background the age_first egg_afe important_indicator sexual_maturation female chicken controlled polygene based knowledge reproductive_physiology gene including gonadotrophin releasing neuropeptide_npy dopamine_receptor vasoactive intestinal polypeptide vip vip prolactin_prl selected candidate influencing afe additionally region chromosome chosen candidate qtl region according qtl database the_objective present_study investigate effect mutation candidate_gene qtl region chicken afe result association analysis mutation gene chinese_native population found highly_significant association gene afe remained significant even bonferroni_correction based result test mutation candidate qtl region chromosome selected association analysis the haplotype significantly_associated afe bioinformatics_analysis indicated located_intron region gene appeared associated endocytosis development oocyte conclusion_this study found gene haplotype gene associated chicken afe', 'the expression three putative qtl upper thermal_tolerance utt examined two strain outbred_rainbow trout unselected trait using repeat ssr microsatellite_marker associated utt backcrosses line_selected trait diallel lot third generation outbred pedigree exposed acute thermal challenge qtl detection performed_separately parent within diallel lot incorporating effect full sib family correlated trait inheritance different allele ssr sire strongly_associated thermal_tolerance half_sib progeny explaining_phenotypic variance trait hierarchical linear_model incorporating allelic inheritance four grandsires experimental diallels addition family specific covariate trait effect also used detect association ssr thermal_tolerance grandprogeny strongly_associated thermal_tolerance grandprogeny grandsire the generally stronger_association found male parent may partially due reduced chromosomal recombination rate male salmonid compared female these_result indicate effect qtl trait unselected population rainbow_trout', 'infectious_pancreatic necrosis ipn acute viral disease salmonid specie identified quantitative_trait locus qtls associated resistance disease rainbow_trout searched linkage among microsatellite_marker used_construct framework linkage_map backcross family rainbow_trout oncorhynchus_mykiss produced_crossing strain two putative qtls affecting disease_resistance detected chromosome ipn ipn respectively suggesting_polygenic trait rainbow_trout these marker great potential use_selection ma ipn resistance provide_basis cloning ipn resistance gene clarification genetic base complex trait broad implication fundamental research also practical benefit fish breeding', 'background occurrence blood meat inclusion internal egg quality defect mass candling reveals spot brown eggshell hamper selection brown chicken line possible eliminate defect selection estimated frequency blood meat inclusion brown layer whereas white egg_layer several factor known increase incidence fault genetic background low level vitamin stress infection instance study genetic background defect mapping population hen cross white rock rhode_island red line set result our histopathological analysis show blood spot consist mainly erythrocyte meat_spot accumulation necrotic material linkage analysis chromosome microsatellite_marker revealed one significant quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting blood spot meat_spot frequency sequenced fragment candidate_gene within region coding tight_junction protein nine polymorphism detected two included association analysis defined qtl result verify qtl association analysis carried two independent commercial breeding line marker surrounding snp association found mainly chromosomal area ggaz conclusion there good agreement location qtl region chromosome association result commercial breed analyzed variation found tight_junction protein microrna may predispose egg_layer blood meat_spot defect this_paper describes first result detailed qtl analysis blood meat_spot trait chicken', 'the peroxisome_receptor pparγ nuclear hormone_receptor regulates adipogenesis many biological_process present_study carried dna_sequencing analysis examine snp coding_region pparγ gene total individual five chinese cattle breed genotyped identified three snp association meat_quality trait analyzed qinchuan_cattle two_missense mutation one_synonymous mutation found genotype resulting change silent substitution genotype genotype producing change respectively the frequency allele qinchuan nanyang_jiaxian luxi xianan population respectively the frequency allele varied five population locus frequency allele higher allele five population ranged least_square analysis_revealed locus significant effect tenderness month qinchuan_cattle locus animal genotype lower_mean value genotype back_fat thickness month animal genotype lower_mean value genotype water_holding capacity month the snp identified may_contribute establishing efficient selection_program improving genetic characteristic indigenous_chinese cattle', 'study report investigation extracellular fatty_acid binding_protein gene genetic polymorphism sample chicken individual the screening coding_region boundary proximal flanking_region performed strategy following sequence analysis_revealed novel single_nucleotide polymorphism snp chicken gene among snp found intron and remaining seven three snp coding_region respectively two snp coding_region caused two_missense mutant five result amino_acid change the nature distribution mutation three chicken breed analyzed variation detected might impact activity function underpin development gene marker chicken fatty deposition metabolism the polymorphism generated mutation significantly_associated thickness subcutaneous_fat plus skin cock subcutaneous_fat plus skin cock thick genotype genotype the gene could candidate locus linked qtl significantly affect fatty deposition metabolism chicken', 'background previously localized quantitative_trait locus qtl bovine_chromosome affecting milk_production trait region via genome scanning followed fine_mapping result totally gene mapped within linkage region bioinformatic analysis comparative map bovine genome_assembly dehydrogenase ugdh suggested potential positional_candidate gene milk_production trait based corresponding physiological biochemical function genetic effect sequencing coding exon untranslated_region ugdh pooled_dna sire represented separated family detected previous_study total ten snp identified genotyped holstein_cow separation family individual association analysis_revealed significant association snp snp snp snp milk_yield significant association snp snp protein_yield furthermore association analysis_indicated haplotype formed snp formed snp formed snp significantly_associated protein_percentage fat_percentage finally using vitro expression assay demonstrated allele snp allele snp ugdh significantly decrease expression ugdh rna protein level suggesting snp represent two functional polymorphism affecting expression ugdh may partly contributed observed association gene milk_production trait sample conclusion taken_together finding strongly indicate ugdh gene could involved genetic_variation underlying qtl milk_production trait', 'johne_disease caused_mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis_map fatal disease cattle the_objective study identify locus associated tolerance cow infected map tolerance defined cow fitness given level map_infection intensity fitness measured map faecal_culture map_infection intensity measured culturing four gut tissue the quantitative phenotype tolerance defined numerical index culture peak peak tolerance average average tolerance faecal tissue map holstein_cow the categorical phenotype defined cfu map tissue infection faecal shedding cfu intolerant cfu tolerant cow cow map identified tissue including cow map tissue cfu faecal cfu association analysis performed filtering leaving genotype snp animal quantitative phenotype case_control categorical analysis tolerance associated association identified adjacent snp bta for categorical phenotype association found this_first study identify locus associated tolerance johne_disease', 'the_aim study precisely map previously_reported quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting somatic_cell score bos_taurus autosome increasing number marker fourfold analysing family exploiting linkage_disequilibrium granddaughter_design german_holstein grandsire_family progeny_tested son used marker average marker spacing genotyped along linkage analysis performed_using methodology the incorporation first done using method followed regression marker allele revealed significance lod contiguous maximum interval while method could detect two individual marker significant effect found regression analysis compared_previous result substantially narrowed focus close vicinity', 'the_objective study use single_nucleotide polymorphism snp located bovine_chromosome fine_map previously identified qtl associated incidence infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis ibk crossbred steer gpe derived sire bos_taurus breed veterinary record related ibk used test association total snp located relevant region qtl five snp significantly_associated ibk animal inheriting differing genotype individual snp exhibited significantly different incidence rate ibk the population also numerous phenotype supporting evaluation association marker carcass trait identify potential antagonistic effect implementing selection_program ibk_susceptibility association snp marbling tenderness identified along snp associated percentage carcass classified choice four snp significantly_associated fat_yield snp longissimus_muscle area additional snp dressing_percentage the association marker indicates evaluated qtl region may fact harbor causative_mutation responsible variation observed ibk_susceptibility carcass quality composition trait thus evaluation snp region necessary order_identify mutation accounting largest degree variation ibk carcass trait', 'neuropeptide_npy one potent orexigenic factor implicated control feeding_behavior energy_homeostasis four chinese_indigenous cattle breed used detect single_nucleotide polymorphism snp coding_region boundary proximal flanking_region npy gene dna_sequencing five novel snp identified polymorphism lous npy gene containing associated body_length chest_girth nanyang_cattle aged_month significant effect two growth trait nanyang_cattle aged_month the result open new field study extend spectrum genetic_variation bovine npy gene might contribute cattle genetic resource breeding', 'association study_gwas based high_throughput snp genotyping_technology open broad avenue exploring gene associated milk_production trait dairy_cattle motivated pinpointing novel quantitative_trait nucleotide_qtn across bos_taurus genome present_study perform gwas identify gene affecting milk_production trait using current snp genotyping_technology illumina_beadchip analysis five commonly evaluated milk_production trait involved including milk_yield milk fat_yield milk_protein yield milk fat_percentage milk_protein percentage estimated_breeding value_ebv daughter paternal_family considered phenotype within framework daughter_design association test trait snp achieved via two different analysis approach paternal transmission_disequilibrium test tdt approach mixed_model based regression analysis mmra total snp detected significantly_associated one multiple milk_production trait snp commonly detected method four solely detected mmra respectively the majority significant snp located_within reported qtl region within close reported candidate_gene particular two snp located_close gene apart within ghr gene respectively our_finding herein provide confirmatory evidence previously finding also explore suite novel snp associated milk_production trait thus form solid basis eventually unraveling causal_mutation milk_production trait dairy_cattle', 'mastitis frequent costly disease dairy production solution leading reduction incidence_mastitis highly demanded here association study performed identify polymorphism affecting susceptibility mastitis genotype snp distributed_across bovine autosomal_chromosome total sire daughter record clinical_mastitis included analysis record occurrence_clinical mastitis divided seven time period first three lactation order_identify quantitative_trait locus affecting mastitis_susceptibility particular phase lactation the convincing result association mapping followed validated combined_linkage disequilibrium linkage analysis the study revealed quantitative_trait locus affecting occurrence_clinical mastitis periparturient period chromosome quantitative_trait locus affecting occurrence_clinical mastitis late_lactation chromosome none quantitative_trait locus clinical_mastitis detected study seemed affect lactation average somatic_cell score the snp highly associated clinical_mastitis lie near gene_encoding interleukin chromosome gene_encoding two interleukin receptor chromosome', 'backcross_pedigree using dairy east friesian ram dorset ewe established specifically map quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting milk_production sheep ninety nine microsatellite_marker initial set successfully genotyped informative animal backcross_pedigree milk record individual ewe used_estimate several milk_yield related trait including peak milk_yield cumulative milk_yield day these trait well estimated_breeding value backcross ewe extracted genetic_evaluation file entire flock used interval_mapping ovine_chromosome identified harbour putative qtl different measure milk_production the qtl ovis_aries chromosome oar mapped location similar trait qtl already_mapped study whereas qtl oar unique backcross_pedigree reported previously addition identified qtl region syntenic bovine chromosomal_segment revealed harbour qtl affecting milk_production trait providing supporting evidence qtl identified', 'this_study aimed_identify putative quantitative_trait locus qtl significantly affect internal parasite_resistance backcross sheep population romney merino backcross merino flock challenged separate infection trichostrongylus_colubriformis primary secondary haemonchus_contortus tertiary haematological parameter measured faecal_worm egg_count fwec established estimate parasite_burden qtl mapping conducted fwec change haematocrit following contortus challenge eosinophil number following colubriformis challenge animal genotyped_microsatellite marker selected chromosome four putative quantitative_trait locus found eosinophil_change primary infection_oar fwec first infection eosinophil_change secondary infection_oar fwec secondary infection_oar significant quantitative_trait locus detected fwec haematocrit change haemonchus_contortus infection the position putative quantitative_trait locus eosinophil_change oar consistent report parasite_resistance quantitative_trait locus implying commonality study', 'poultry product major_source human salmonella_infection the prophylactic use antimicrobial poultry production recently banned increasing need alternative method control salmonella_infection poultry_flock genetic selection chicken resistant salmonella colonization provides attractive mean sustainably controlling pathogen commercial poultry_flock subsequent entry food chain analysis different inbred chicken shown individual line consistently either susceptible resistant many serovars salmonella tested study two inbred chicken line differential susceptibility salmonella colonization used backcross experimental_design unlike previous_study used candidate_gene approach screen exploited marker set snp covering_whole genome identify_quantitative trait locus qtl analysis caecal bacterial level parental_line revealed significant difference day analysis genotype backcross population revealed four qtl chromosome two trait examined study bacterial count caecum presence hardened caseous caecal core these included one significant qtl chromosome three additional qtl chromosome respectively significant level the result generated study inform future_breeding strategy control pathogen commercial poultry_flock', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl identified chromosome texel_sheep increase depth area longissimus_dorsi muscle the study_aimed ass pleiotropic qtl effect key meat_quality trait toughness intramuscular_fat content day aging crossbred_lamb carrying one copy the result showed male texelxmule lamb_carrying significantly le intramuscular_fat versus higher toughness increased variation loin_muscle compared male similar conclusion obtained using two different type tenderometer equipment one using volodkevitch test average shear_force kgf carrier male kgf male one using mirinz test average shear_force kgf carrier male kgf male although toughness measurement within published consumer acceptability limit individual carrier_lamb unacceptably tough meat despite enhanced processing the significantly affect loin toughness female lamb leg toughness either sex intramuscular_fat content these_result considered alongside direct effect muscling carcass_composition recommendation use qtl sheep breeder', 'identify_quantitative trait locus qtl influencing early maturation rainbow_trout oncorhynchus_mykiss genome_scan performed_using microsatellite locus across linkage_group six paternal_family using three brother approximately progeny family derived two strain differ propensity used study allele derived parental source observed contribute expression progeny brother four significant qtl region observed qtl detected demonstrated significant suggestive qtl effect male_female progeny furthermore within male_female grouping qtl detected two five parent used significant several strong qtl localized different region male_female suggesting control namely qtl detected associated female associated male within qtl region identified comparison syntenic est marker rainbow_trout linkage_map zebrafish danio rerio genome identified several putative candidate_gene may_influence', 'background the intramuscular_fat deposition fatty_acid profile_beef affect meat_quality high proportion unsaturated_fatty acid related beef flavor beneficial nutritional_value meat moreover variety clinical epidemiologic study showed particularly fatty_acid animal source positive impact human_health disease result screen genetic factor affecting fatty_acid profile_beef initially performed genome_scan charolais_german holstein resource_population identified quantitative_trait locus qtl fatty_acid composition region bovine_chromosome previously qtl affecting marbling_score detected beef_cattle population the synthetase gene identified plausible functional_positional candidate_gene qtl interval due direct impact fatty_acid metabolism position qtl interval necessary synthesis ester fatty_acid degradation phospholipid remodeling validated genomic annotation bovine gene silico comparative sequence analysis experimental verification complete_coding intronic sequence untranslated_region partial promoter_region gene revealed three synonymous_mutation exon six noncoding intronic gene variant six polymorphism promoter_region four variant utr region the association analysis identified gene variant intron gene significantly_associated relative content distinct fraction ratio fatty_acid fatty_acid polyunsaturated polyunsaturated_fatty acid trans vaccenic_acid skeletal_muscle tentative_association gene variant intramuscular_fat content indicated indirect effect fatty_acid composition via modulation total fat_content skeletal_muscle excluded conclusion the initial qtl analysis suggested gene positional_functional candidate_gene fatty_acid composition bovine skeletal_muscle the finding subsequent association analysis indicate separate gene close_proximity might_play functional role_mediating lipid composition beef', 'domestication animal regardless specie often accompanied simultaneous change several physiological behavioral trait growth_rate fearfulness study compared social_behavior emotional_reactivity measured battery behavioral_test two group chicken selected common genetic background advanced_intercross line ancestral red_junglefowl rjf domesticated_white leghorn_layer the bird selected homozygosity alternative allele one locus microsatellite_marker centrally positioned previously identified pleiotropic growth qtl chromosome closely_linked one major candidate_gene certain aspect social_behavior bird homozygous allele genotype modified pattern social emotional reaction bird homozygous rjf allele rjf genotype shown different score principal_component analysis these_result suggest growth qtl affect number domestication related behavioral trait may primary target selection domestication the qtl contains multitude gene several linked social_behavior example vasotocin receptor targeted experiment future study_aimed making higher resolution genotypic characterization qtl give information gene may_considered strongest candidate bringing behavioral change associated animal domestication', 'qtl involved primary antibody_response toward keyhole limpet hemocyanin klh detected chicken chromosome experimental_population created_crossing commercial white_leghorn polish native_chicken breed partridgelike the current qtl location validation previous_experiment pointing genomic location qtl linked primary antibody_response klh experimental_population typed microsatellite_marker distributed chicken chromosome titer antibody binding klh measured individual elisa statistical_model applied grid qtl software used_analyze data model model combined analysis linkage_disequilibrium linkage analysis model candidate_gene proposed genotyped snp located gene exon statistical_analysis single snp association performed pointing snp axis inhibitor protein gene significantly_associated trait interest', 'growth_factor considered regulator growth_differentiation mammary_gland present_work association two single_nucleotide polymorphism bovine gene milk_production trait studied dairy_cow already described transition exon newly found transversion exon found sequencing exon gene six individual association analysed individually combination repeatability animal model the haplotype appeared associated milk trait studied difference significant the frequent_haplotype seemed inferior others fat protein content daily yield fat protein superior together genotype daily milk_yield considered', 'identify predictor forecast superovulation_response basis association superovulation performance gene polymorphism variation bovine follicle stimulating hormone_receptor fshr gene investigated using conformational dna_sequencing one single_nucleotide polymorphism snp located_upstream region bovine fshr gene found chinese_holstein cow treated superovulation two snp analyzed polymorphic locus cow without superovulation_response mutation genotype cow genotype significant increase total number ovum tno produced transferable embryo nte genotype locus additive_effect seemed highly_significant allele associated increase tno nte these_result indicated fshr potential marker superovulation_response used predictor superovulation chinese_holstein cow', 'scan using single marker association used detect chromosome region associated seven female_fertility trait finnish_ayrshire dairy_cattle the phenotypic_data consisted estimated_breeding value bull estimated using single trait model genotype obtained illumina panel total informative single_nucleotide polymorphism snp marker used the association analysis performed_using approach fitted_fixed effect snp random_polygenic effect detected eleven significant association eight different chromosome with least significance bonferroni_correction sixteen snp nine chromosome showed_significant association one fertility trait the result confirmed quantitative_trait locus three chromosome fertility trait previously_reported breed one chromosome four previously detected holstein_cattle', 'using dna_sequencing technology examined association single_nucleotide polymorphism snp bovine myog gene body_measurement trait individual six native_chinese cattle breed namely luxi luxi_simmental crossbred_nanyang jiaxian_red qinchuan novel snp detected allelic_frequency six breed respectively least_square analysis_revealed significant association myog snp rump_length four breed_luxi jiaxian_red qinchuan hucklebone width three breed_luxi simmental_crossbred nanyang waist height two breed_luxi simmental_crossbred nanyang body_length luxi breed conclude myog snp potential genetic marker economically_relevant body_measurement trait native_chinese cattle breed', 'aim identify_quantitative trait locus qtl affecting concentration milk evaluate effect genetic variant concentration fat protein_casein bovine milk method herd jersey crossbred cow produced_mating six jersey bull high genetic_merit cow national herd total record crossbreds analysed the concentration fat protein_casein milk measured peak late_lactation production season liveweight measured daily dna animal dam sire selected grandsires genotyped across genome initially microsatellite_marker subsequently single_nucleotide polymorphism snp result highly_significant qtl concentration milk identified coincided position gene bovine_chromosome consistently significant qtl concentration milk detected cow genotype produced milk lower concentration cow genotype the polymorphism also explained variation proportion casein total protein addition percentage fat higher animal whereas percentage total protein mean daily milk_yield liveweight differ animal conclusion significant qtl determining concentration milk identified selection animal may_enable production milk naturally enriched casein thus allowing potential increase yield cheese there may additional future value production bovine milk like human milk decreasing concentration desirable', 'total quantitative_trait locus qtl detected chromosome direct_maternal calving trait cattle using association study calving_performance affected genotype calf direct effect dam maternal effect identify qtl contributing effect calving characteristic performed association study using analysis danish_swedish holstein_cattle the analysis incorporated bull single_nucleotide polymorphism marker bovine_autosome analyzed association calving trait strong_evidence presence qtl affect calving trait observed chromosome the qtl interval generally smaller described earlier linkage study the identification calving single_nucleotide polymorphism mapping corresponding qtl small chromosomal_region facilitate_search candidate calving_performance gene polymorphism', 'tick disease detrimental impact livestock production causing estimated loss around million per_year australia alone host_resistance tick heritable heritability_estimate around large difference breed previously qtl tick_burden detected distal centromere near gene kinase identify polymorphism region sequenced exon gene identifying single_nucleotide polymorphism snp using snp well snp bovine genome_sequence genotyped two sample one taurine dairy_cattle one zebu zebu_composite beef_cattle confirmed snp haplotype region including associated tick_burden dairy beef_cattle determine_whether influence response tick salivary gland extract sge immunisation experiment tick sge knockout mouse strain conducted there significant reduction igg production mouse response sge compared background strain well outbred mouse strain addition antibody generated mouse recognised different set antigen within sge compared antibody summary snp association tick_burden confirmed quantitative qualitative difference antibody production observed mouse', 'background the membrane_protein ubiquitous cell_surface pathogen receptor bind streptococcus trigger cell autophagy critical step control infection result study found new splice_variant designated transcript variant the splice_variant characterized retention sequence intron bovine gene_encodes putative protein enlarged amino_acid mrna found expressed_mammary gland tissue relative healthy tissue single_nucleotide polymorphism exonic splicing enhancer ese motif region shown result aberrant splice_variant constructing alternative allele using exon capturing vector transfecting cell allelic_frequency individual_belonging bos_taurus bos_indicus bos javanicus bos grunniens bos mutus etc suggests allele ancestral allele association analysis found mean genomic estimated_breeding value gebv milk somatic_cell score occurrence_clinical mastitis well milk somatic_cell score chinese_holstein genotype lower individual either genotype the mean gebv udder_health synthesis genotype greater genotype conclusion_our finding_suggest gene likely play_critical role risk mastitis caused streptococcus dairy_cow via alternative splicing mechanism caused functional mutation intron our data also underline importance variation within es regulating transcript processing', 'background infectious_disease livestock continues cause substantial economic_loss adverse welfare consequence developing developed world new solution control disease needed research focused genetic locus determining variation trait potential deliver solution however identifying selectable marker causal gene involved disease_resistance vaccine response straightforward the_aim study locate region bovine genome control immune_response post_immunisation backcross holstein charolais cattle immunised peptide derived disease_virus fmdv cell antibody_response measured several time_point post_immunisation all_experimental animal genotyped_microsatellite marker genome_scan result considerable variability immune_response across time observed sire_dam age significant effect response specific time_point there significant correlation within trait across time trait also weak correlation detected cell response the whole_genome scan detected quantitative_trait locus qtl chromosome including cluster qtl bta two qtl reached genome_wide significance bta one bta reached genome_wide significance conclusion proportion_variance cell antibody_response post_immunisation fdmv peptide genetic component even_though antigen relatively simple humoral cell mediated response clearly complex genetic control majority qtl located outside mhc locus the result_suggest may specific gene locus impact variation primary secondary immune_response whereas locus may specifically important early later phase immune_response future fine_mapping qtl cluster identified potential reveal causal variation underlying variation immune_response observed', 'association study conducted using_mixed model analysis qtl fertility trait danish_swedish holstein_cattle the analysis incorporated progeny_tested bull total snp marker bovine_autosome used eleven fertility trait analyzed snp association furthermore mixed_model analysis used association analysis polygenic_effect fitted random effect genotype single snp successively included_fixed effect model the bonferroni_correction multiple_testing applied adjust significance_threshold combination showed significance five significant qtl region chromosome detected strong_evidence presence qtl affect fertility trait observed chromosome the qtl interval generally smaller described earlier linkage study the identification fertility snp mapping corresponding qtl small chromosomal_region reported facilitate_search candidate_gene candidate polymorphism', 'background recent qtl gene expression study highlighted ankyrins positional_functional candidate_gene meat_quality our objective characterise promoter_region bovine ankyrin gene test polymorphism association sensory technological meat_quality measure result seven novel promoter snp identified region ankyrin promoter angus_charolais limousin bull per breed well crossbred beef animal meat_quality data available eighteen haplotype_inferred significant breed variation haplotype frequency the five frequent snp four frequent_haplotype subsequently tested association sensory technological measure meat_quality crossbred population subsequently designated regulatory snp associated trait contribute sensorial technological measurement tenderness texture haplotype haplotype oppositely correlated trait contributing tenderness while single snp associated intramuscular_fat imf clear association increased imf juiciness observed haplotype conclusion the conclusion study allele defining haplotype could usefully contribute marker snp panel used_select individual improved tenderness selection framework', 'sheep milk fat contains several component may provide human_health benefit monounsaturated_fatty acid conjugated linoleic_acid cla most cla ruminant milk synthesized mammary_gland action enzyme desaturase_scd circulating vaccenic_acid previous_study found significant association polymorphism scd_gene fatty_acid composition ruminant product including sheep milk based performed quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis ovine_chromosome harbor scd_gene effect milk_fatty acid_composition trait classical milk_production trait identified suggestive qtl influencing ratio maximum statistic position studied chromosome whereas scd_gene mapped position the individual introduction scd single_nucleotide polymorphism qtl model cause reduction variance_explained qtl suggests scd_gene directly responsible detected effect churra population studied herein this conclusion supported lack significant association identified scd single_nucleotide polymorphism ratio this association analysis suggested possible effect scd_gene milk fat_percentage churra_sheep independent confirmation primary result required attempting practical implementation_selection program', 'resource_population originating cross two divergently_selected line high line low line body_weight age generated used quantitative_trait locus qtl mapping from initial cross two founder animal line progeny randomly intercrossed two generation following full sib intercross line fsil design one_hundred polymorphic marker employed dna_pooling selective_genotyping identify marker significant effect marker genotyped whole population bird interval_mapping gridqtl software employed eighteen qtl body_weight carcass trait internal_organ weight identified comparison analysis_revealed two separate qtl region body foot breast_muscle carcass_weight given qtl highly_correlated trait concluded distinct qtl mapped four qtl localized already_mapped qtl study seven qtl previously_reported hence novel unique selection line this_study provides low resolution qtl map various trait establishes genetic resource future positional_cloning advanced fsil generation', 'hematological trait important_indicator immune_function animal commonly examined biomarkers disease disease severity human animal significant quantitative_trait locus qtls provide important information use breeding_program animal pig qtls hematological_parameter hematological trait detected pig chromosome although often mapped linkage analysis large interval_making identification underlying mutation problematic single_nucleotide polymorphism snp common_form genetic_variation among individual thought account majority inherited trait study association study_gwas performed detect region association hematological trait resource_population produced intercrossing large_white boar minzhu sow period illumina_beadchip technology used genotype animal seven hematological_parameter measured hematocrit hct hemoglobin hgb mean_corpuscular hemoglobin mch mean_corpuscular hemoglobin_concentration mchc mean_corpuscular volume_mcv red_blood cell_count rbc red_blood cell_volume distribution_width rdw data_analyzed three step rapid_association using_mixed model control method total significant three significant snp associated hematological_parameter detected gwas seven five snp associated hct hgb respectively these snp located_within region four snp within region snp within region showed_significant association mch mcv respectively significant level one snp two snp within region found significantly_associated rbc rdw respectively many snp located_within previously_reported qtl region appeared narrow region compared previously_described qtl interval current research total seven significant snp found within six candidate_gene kdr tdo afp addition kit gene previously_reported relate hematological_parameter located_within region significantly_associated mch mcv could candidate_gene these_result study may_lead better_understanding molecular_mechanism hematological_parameter pig', 'genome_scan conducted resource_population derived_intercross white_plymouth rock silkies fowl detect qtl affecting chicken body_composition trait the population genotyped_microsatellite marker phenotyped body_composition trait individual family total qtl found responsible trait including two newly studied trait proventriculus weight shank_girth three qtl significant explained_phenotypic variance_explained phenotypic_variance shank claw weight explained_phenotypic variance wing weight the qtl seemed pleiotropic_effect also affecting gizzard_weight shank_girth intestine length suggested effort made understand possible_pleiotropic effect qtl two trait', 'background gene epigenetically regulated via genomic imprinting potential target artificial_selection animal breeding indeed imprinted locus shown underlie important quantitative_trait domestic mammal notably muscle_mass fat_deposition candidate_gene study identified novel association six validated single_nucleotide polymorphism snp spanning region within bovine guanine protein subunit alpha gene gnas_domain bovine_chromosome genetic_merit range performance trait sire the mammalian gnas_domain consists number gene play major role growth development disease mouse_human based current annotation bovine gnas_domain four snp analysed located_upstream gnas gene one snp located second intron gnas gene the final snp located first exon transcript encoding putative bovine protein resulting aspartic amino_acid substitution amino_acid position result snp association analysis indicate single intronic gnas snp associated range performance trait including milk_yield milk_protein yield content fat protein milk culled cow carcass_weight progeny carcass conformation measure animal body_size direct_calving difficulty difficulty calving due size calf gestation_length association direct_calving difficulty due calf_size maternal_calving difficulty due maternal pelvic width size also observed snp following adjustment significant association remained snp four trait animal stature body depth direct_calving difficulty milk_yield notably single snp bovine gene associated somatic_cell count indicator resistance mastitis overall health status mammary system previous_study demonstrated chromosomal_region gnas_domain map underlies important quantitative_trait locus trait this association however significant adjustment multiple_testing the three remaining snp assayed associated performance trait analysed study analysis pairwise linkage_disequilibrium value suggests allele_substitution effect assayed snp observed independent finally polymorphic coding snp putative bovine gene used test imprinting_status gene across range foetal bovine tissue conclusion previous_study mammalian_specie shown dna sequence variation within imprinted gnas gene cluster contributes several physiological metabolic_disorder including obesity_human mouse similarly result presented indicate important_role imprinted gnas cluster underlying_complex performance trait cattle animal growth calving fertility health these_finding suggest gnas polymorphism may_serve important genetic marker future livestock breeding_program support_previous study candidate imprinted locus may act molecular target genetic_improvement agricultural population addition present new evidence bovine gene epigenetically regulated maternally_expressed imprinted gene placental intestinal tissue week old bovine foetus', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl metabolic body_composition trait mapped respectively intercross chicken line these line also diverged abdominal_fat percentage afp plasma growth insulin glucose level genotypings performed microsatellite_marker covering chromosome total qtl genomewide level significance detected analysis body_weight breast_muscle weight bmw percentage bmp weight afw percentage afp shank_length shl diameter shd fasting plasma glucose level gluc body temperature other suggestive qtl identified parameter plasma nonesterified fatty_acid level qtl controlling adiposity gluc colocalized qtl shl shd adiposity multitrait analysis_revealed two qtl controlling gluc afp gluc significant effect reciprocal_cross observed shd bmw gluc may result mtdna maternal effect most qtl region gluc adiposity harbor gene allele associated increased susceptibility diabetes obesity_human identification gene responsible metabolic qtl increase understanding constitutive hyperglycemia found chicken furthermore comparative approach could provide_new information genetic cause diabetes obesity_human', 'background variety analysis approach applied detect_quantitative trait locus qtl experimental_population the initial genome_scan duroc_pietrain resource_population included animal genotyped_microsatellite marker analyzed using model for second scan additional marker chromosome genotyped animal marker used first scan genotyped additional animal three mendelian_model qtl analysis applied second scan model model combined model result total qtl using model qtl using model additional qtl using combined model detected growth trait false_discovery rate_fdr significance_level analysis highly_significant qtl fat_deposition age detected analysis qtl loin_muscle area age detected qtl backfat age detected conclusion additional marker animal contributed reduce confidence_interval increase test_statistic qtl detection different model allowed_detection new qtl indicated differing frequency alternative allele parental breed', 'background numerous qtl mapping resource_population available livestock_specie usually analysed_separately although founder_breed often used the_aim present_study show strength analysing jointly pig breeding founder_breed several method three porcine generated three founder_breed meishan_pietrain wild_boar the cross analysed jointly using flexible genetic model estimated additive qtl effect founder_breed allele dominant qtl effect combination allele derived different founder_breed the following trait analysed daily_gain back_fat carcass_weight substantial phenotypic_variation observed within cross multiple qtl multiple qtl allele imprinting_effect considered the result compared obtained cross analysed_separately result for daily_gain back_fat carcass_weight qtl found respectively for back_fat daily_gain carcass_weight respectively three four five locus showed_significant imprinting_effect the number qtl mapped much_higher design analysed individually additionally test_statistic plot along chromosome much sharper leading smaller qtl confidence_interval many case three qtl allele observed conclusion the present_study showed strength analysing three connected jointly experiment statistical_power high reduced number estimated parameter large number individual the applied model flexible computationally fast', 'background for ruminant reared grazing system gastrointestinal_nematode gin parasite_infection represent class disease greatest impact animal health productivity among many possible strategy controlling gin_infection enhancement host_resistance selection resistant_animal suggested many author because difficulty routinely collecting phenotypic indicator parasite_resistance information derived molecular_marker may used improve efficiency classical genetic breeding method total microsatellite_marker evenly_distributed along sheep autosome used genome_scan analysis performed commercial population_spanish churra_sheep detect chromosomal_region associated parasite_resistance following_daughter design analysed ewe distributed eight family the phenotype studied included two faecal_egg count circumcincta liv iga level iga serum pepsinogen level pep result the regression analysis_revealed one qtl significance_level chromosome within marker interval this qtl found segregating three eight family analysed four qtl identified level chromosome three qtl influenced faecal_egg count one effect iga level conclusion_this study successfully identified segregating qtl parasite_resistance trait commercial population for qtl detected identified interesting coincidence qtl previously_reported sheep although study focused young animal some coincidence might indicate common underlying locus affect parasite_resistance trait different sheep breed the identification new qtl may suggest existence complex relationship unique feature depending combination perhaps due different mechanism_underlying resistance adult sheep hypersensitivity reaction lamb immunity the significant qtl identified chromosome lfec may target future_research effort', 'background performed quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis intercross two chicken line_divergently selected juvenile previous_study identified locus effect explained small proportion large variation population epistatic_interaction analysis however indicated network interacting_locus large effect contributed difference_parental line this previous analysis however based sparse microsatellite linkage_map limited coverage could affected main conclusion here present revised qtl analysis based linkage_map provided complete coverage chicken genome furthermore utilized genotype data snp search genome potential selective_sweep occurred selected line result constructed linkage_map comprising genetic marker_covering chromosome leaving seven microchromosomes uncovered the analysis showed seven region harbor qtl influence growth the interaction analysis identified unique qtl pair notable nine involved interaction locus chromosome forming network interacting_locus the analysis snp showed substantial_proportion genetic_variation present founder population lost either two selected line since snp polymorphic among line showed fixation one line with current marker coverage qtl map resolution observe clear sign selective_sweep within qtl interval conclusion the result qtl analysis using new improved linkage_map large extent concordance previous analysis pedigree the difference_parental chicken line caused many qtl small individual effect although increased chromosomal marker coverage lead_identification additional qtl able refine localization qtl the importance epistatic_interaction mechanism contributing significantly remarkable selection response strengthened additional pair interacting_locus detected improved map', 'osteochondrosis disturbance process endochondral ossification far important equine developmental_orthopaedic disease also common domestic animal human the_purpose study identify_quantitative trait locus qtl associated osteochondrosis_dissecans ocd intermediate ridge distal tibia norwegian standardbred using_illumina equine_beadchip polymorphism snp assay radiographic_data blood_sample obtained yearling based radiographic examination horse selected genotyping case ocd intermediate ridge distal tibia control without developmental lesion joint examined genotyped horse descended sire number horse group ranged the population structure necessitated statistical correction stratification when conducting association study_gwas analysis displayed region chromosome equus callabus chromosome_eca showed_moderate evidence association uncorrected adjusted multiple comparison ocd tibiotarsal joint two snp represent significant_hit uncorrected basic association test snp achieved statistical_significance bonferroni_correction close permuted logistic_regression test putative qtl eca represent interesting area future_research validation study fine_mapping candidate region result presented represent first gwas horse using recently released illumina_equine beadchip', 'thyroid_hormone play_important role_regulating metabolism affect homeostasis fat_deposition the gene_encoding thyroglobulin producing precursor thyroid_hormone proposed positional_functional candidate_gene qtl effect fat_deposition present_study identified novel snp flanking_region gene the snp marker association analysis_indicated snp marker significantly_associated marbling_score animal new homozygote genotype higher_marbling score genotype otherwise linkage_disequilibrium analysis_indicated four snp completely_linked result study suggest snp may_useful marker meat_quality trait future marker_assisted selection_program beef_cattle', 'background the genome_sequence snp map available chicken used identify genetic marker use_selection ma effective ma requires high linkage_disequilibrium marker quantitative_trait locus qtl sustained generation this_study used data snp panel ass level consistency single_nucleotide polymorphism snp consecutive year two chicken line analyzed one line two method association bayesian analysis identify marker associated phenotype result the marker pair high short distance remained high one generation correlation line regression analysis using_mixed model snp fixed_effect resulted significant test respectively across trait bayesian analysis called bayesb fit snp simultaneously random effect us model averaging procedure identified snp included model time phi additional ten window sum phi greater generally snp included bayesian model also small analysis conclusion high correlation marker short distance across two generation indicate marker retain high linked qtl effective ma the different association analysis method used provided consistent result multiple single snp window significantly_associated trait providing genomic position qtl useful ma identify_causal mutation', 'background serum_lipid associated many serious cardiovascular disease obesity problem many quantitative_trait locus qtl reported pig mostly performance trait serum_lipid trait contrast remarkable number qtl mapped serum_lipid human_mouse therefore_objective research investigate chromosomal_region influencing serum level total cholesterol_triglyceride high_density protein cholesterol hdl low_density protein cholesterol ldl pig for_purpose total animal duroc_pietrain resource_population phenotyped serum_lipid using elisa genotyped using microsatellite_marker covering_porcine autosome qtl study qtl_express blood sampling performed approximately day slaughter pig result most trait correlated influenced average_daily gain slaughter date age total qtl including three qtl imprinting_effect identified different porcine_autosome most qtl reached level significance including qtl qtl level significance qtl four identified ldl two qtl identified ldl moreover three chromosomal_region detected ratio study one qtl hdl two qtl detected imprinting_effect the highly_significant qtl detected ldl whereas significant qtl identified chromosomal_region pleiotropic_effect detected correlated trait most qtl identified serum_lipid trait correspond_previously reported qtl similar trait mammal two novel qtl hdl ratio imprinted qtl detected pig first_time conclusion the newly_identified qtl potentially_involved lipid_metabolism the result work shed_new light genetic background serum_lipid concentration finding_helpful identify candidate_gene qtl region related lipid_metabolism serum_lipid concentration pig', 'bone_morphogenetic protein gene suggested potential positional_candidate gene fatness trait qtls here comparative_sequencing gene meishan_large white pig one snp region detected association analysis result pig showed pig thinner back fatness heavier ham higher fat_percentage lower lean_meat percentage moreover transition predicted alter interaction using rnahybrid the negative expression gene detected mirnas overexpression swine fibroblast indicating mirnas might participate translational inhibition gene overall snp might good marker fatness trait', 'marbling defined amount distribution intramuscular_fat shimofuri economically_important trait beef_cattle japan the endothelial differentiation sphingolipid receptor gene involved blood vessel formation previously shown expressed different level musculus_longissimus muscle steer group located_within genomic_region quantitative_trait locus marbling thus considered positionally functional_candidate gene responsible marbling study two single_nucleotide polymorphism snp untranslated_region utr utr referred respectively detected two steer group the two snp associated predicted breeding_value beef_marbling standard number analysis using population japanese_black beef_cattle the effect genotype snp predicted breeding_value subcutaneous_fat thickness statistically_significant reporter gene assay revealed significant difference gene expression allele snp these_finding suggest snp although may regarded causal_mutation may_useful effective selection increase level marbling japanese_black beef_cattle', 'body_measurement trait influenced gene environmental_factor play numerous important_role value assessment productivity economy growth differentiate factor involved_development maintenance bone_cartilage important candidate_gene body_measurement trait selection selection_ma study based technology discovered evaluated potential association single_nucleotide polymorphism snp exon bovine gene body_measurement trait bos_taurus breed bos_indicus breed bos_indicus bos_taurus individual snp marker significant effect body_length bos_taurus bos_indicus bos_taurus bmy population population animal genotype lower_mean value hip_width genotype bmy population animal genotype lower_mean value genotype these_result suggest snp gene could_useful genetic marker body_measurement trait bovine reproduction breeding', 'qtl located paternally_expressed growth_factor gene known increase muscle growth reduce fat_deposition pig this make qtl good marker use pig breeding_programme however care taken postulated increased leanness lowered fat_deposition may negative effect prolificacy longevity sow selection sire_dam line different allele mutation paternally imprinted gene could actually provide solution problem therefore study effect qtl trait sow investigated found paternal allele associated higher reproduction_performance sow moreover also examined whether difference_prolificacy sow could consequence differential_expression ovarian_follicle sow whether mainly secondary effect caused difference fatness trait therefore expression measured follicle different size sow different genotype paternal allele observed however size follicle associated follicular expression_level genotype could concluded difference_prolificacy sow different paternal genotype could secondary effect resulting difference fat_deposition', 'background pig number experiment set identify qtl multitude chromosomal_region harbouring gene influencing trait interest identified however mapping_resolution remains limited case detected qtl rather inaccurately located mapping accuracy improved increasing number phenotyped genotyped individual number informative marker alternative approach overcome limited_power individual study_combine data two independent design method present_study report combined analysis two independent design french dutch experimental_design individual the_purpose map qtl growth_fatness pig chromosome using software detection analysis applied separately two pedigree combination two pedigree result joint_analysis combined pedigree provided greater significance shared qtl exclusion false suggestive qtl greater mapping_precision shared qtl conclusion combining two meishan_european breed pedigree improved mapping qtl compared analysing pedigree separately our work facilitated access raw phenotypic_data dna animal pedigree combination two design addition new marker allowed fine_map qtl without phenotyping additional animal', 'micrornas_mirnas endogenous rna molecule act binding complementary sequence target messenger rna many evidence showed mirnas involved process germ proliferation differentiation present_study gene selected candidate_gene litter_size due biological_function location near mummified pig qtl differentially_expressed profile large_white chinese_erhualian stimulated preovulatory ovary comparative_sequencing gene large_white chinese_meishan pig one snp created additional hpaii site detected then association snp litter_size trait assessed large_white div_pig population the statistical_analysis demonstrated differed total number_piglet born first_parity also differed number_piglet born_alive parity div_pig significant difference_observed different genotype large_white pig', 'background the recent completion swine genome sequencing project development high_density porcine snp_array made association_gwa study feasible pig finding using_illumina beadchip performed pilot gwa study commercial female pig phenotyped backfat_loin muscle_area body_conformation addition foot leg structural soundness trait total snp jointly fitted using_bayesian technique random effect mixture_model assumed known large_proportion snp zero effect snp annotation_implemented sus_scrofa build available pig ensembl discovered number candidate chromosomal_region corresponded qtl region previously_reported identified candidate_gene trait interest backfat_loin muscle_area also obtained novel_promising gene including backfat_loin muscle_area body_size several structure trait hoxa family gene overall leg action the candidate region responsible body_conformation structure soundness overlap greatly implied trait controlled different gene functional clustering analysis classified gene category related bone_cartilage development muscle growth development insulin pathway suggesting trait regulated common pathway gene network exert role different spatial temporal stage this_study one earliest gwa report important quantitative_trait pig finding_contribute biological_function analysis identified candidate_gene potential utilization marker_assisted selection', 'the productivity economic prosperity sheep farming could benefit greatly effective method selection lambing identification qtl aseasonal_reproduction sheep could lead accurate selection faster genetic_improvement one_hundred twenty microsatellite_marker genotyped backcross ewe dorset east friesian crossbred pedigree interval_mapping undertaken map qtl underlying several trait describing aseasonal_reproduction including number oestrous cycle maximum level progesterone prior breeding pregnancy status determined progesterone level pregnancy status determined ultrasound lambing status number lamb born seven chromosome identified harbour putative qtl one component trait used_describe aseasonal_reproduction ovine_chromosome harbour qtl significant level chromosome_harbour qtl exceeded_threshold level qtl identified chromosome exceeded_significance level these_result first_step towards understanding_genetic mechanism complex trait show variation aseasonal_reproduction associated multiple_chromosomal region', 'biochemistry fundamental process mammalian biology aberration either malnutrition potentially genetic_variation may_lead vitamin deficiency substantial public health burden addition understanding_genetic regulation process may_enable bovine improvement while many bovine qtl reported causative gene mutation identified discovered qtl milk subsequently identified premature stop_codon bovine oxygenase also affect serum content the enzyme thereby identified key regulator metabolism', 'prolactin_prl play_crucial role initiation maintenance lactation mammal study seven pcr fragment representing important functional domain prl gene screened single_nucleotide polymorphism snp chinese_holstein conformation polymorphism amplicons sequencing genetic effect milk_production trait evaluated total four snp including two promoter one intron one exon identified prl gene statistical result showed_significant association promoter genotype milk performance trait chinese_holstein cow genotype showed higher milk_yield cow genotype showed higher fat_content haplotype analysis two snp promoter_region revealed hap significantly_associated increased milk_yield hap associated increased fat_content this second study reporting snp region prl gene interfere milk_production trait', 'shank_length affect chicken leg health longer shank source leg problem chicken identification quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting shank_length trait may value genetic_improvement trait chicken genome_scan conducted chicken reciprocal_cross silky fowl white_plymouth rock breed using microsatellite_marker detect static developmental qtl affecting weekly shank_length growth week chicken static qtl affected shank_length birth time developmental qtl affected shank growth time time seven static qtl six chromosome detected age week six developmental qtl five chromosome detected five shank growth period week static qtl developmental qtl identified explained_phenotypic variation shank_length week explained_phenotypic variance shank growth week two static two developmental qtl involved chromosome chromosome two chromosome static qtl developmental qtl another two chromosome developmental qtl static qtl the result study show shank_length shank growth different developmental_stage involve different qtl', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl danish_jersey danish_red cattle independently mapped least_square regression analysis for jersey_breed five grandsire_family genotyped marker chromosome btas eight trait analysed milk_yield fat_percentage protein_percentage clinical_mastitis somatic_cell score_sc maternal_stillbirth maternal calf_size mc maternal_calving difficulty for red breed nine grandsire_family genotyped marker btas six trait analysed sc female_fertility nine five qtl detected jersey red breed respectively across family test jersey_breed result_indicate qtl mc bta additionally indication qtl mc bta tentative evidence qtl bta there high risk detected qtl false_positive the detected qtl jersey_breed indicate interesting result breeding perspective practical application await association study', 'white spotting one distinguishing visual character dairy_cattle there_considerable variation within breed cattle the_objective study map quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting degree white spotting dairy_cattle based experimental_design using jersey crossbred cow the genome_scan implemented using approach high_density marker significant qtl found chromosome the mapped region confirmed widely conserved kit locus affecting mammalian pigmentation haplotype information linked highly_significant qtl transcription_factor mitf_gene reported associated pigmentation trait mammal', 'the distal_part contains ortholog ovine region encompassing callipyge locus analyzed piétrain resource_population comprising_offspring the_aim study map qtl affecting carcass trait comparable callipyge phenotype sheep applied interval_mapping approach using microsatellite_marker detected qtl small effect the first qtl affect fat_thickness middle back detectable impact fat size place back whereas second qtl affect side fat_thickness the third qtl influence ham_weight show clear effect form maternal polar_overdominance located position imprinting cluster including callipyge locus proximal', 'most qtl detection study pig carried experimental_population however segregation qtl must confirmed within purebred_population successful implementation_selection previously qtl meat_quality carcass trait detected ssc duroc_purebred population the_objective present_study carry qtl analysis except ssc meat production meat_quality carcass trait confirm presence segregating qtl duroc_purebred population one_thousand four duroc_pig studied base seventh generation pig comprised closed population complex multigenerational pedigree individual related the pig evaluated growth trait body_size trait carcass trait physiological trait meat_quality trait number pig phenotype ranged total marker genotyped used qtl analysis utilized multipoint variance_component approach test linkage qtl phenotypic value using maximum_likelihood method logarithm_odds score qtl genotypic heritability estimated total qtl suggestive linkage qtl significant linkage trait detected these included selection trait daily_gain backfat_thickness loin_eye muscle_area intramuscular_fat content well correlated trait body_size meat_quality trait the present_study disclosed qtl affecting growth body_size carcass physiological meat_quality trait duroc_purebred population', 'recently effective bayesian_shrinkage estimation_method proposed mapping qtl inbred_line cross however regard outbred_population population maternal information unavailable straightforward utilize shrinkage_estimation qtl mapping the reason linkage phase marker outbred_population usually unknown paternal genotype used inferring qtl genotype offspring article novel bayesian_shrinkage method proposed mapping qtl design using_mixed model simulation study clearly demonstrated proposed method powerful detecting multiple qtl addition applied proposed method map qtl economic trait chinese dairy_cattle population two novel qtl harbored chromosomal_region detected trait interest whereas one qtl found using traditional maximum_likelihood analysis earlier study this validated shrinkage_estimation method could perform well empirical data analysis practical significance field linkage study outbred_population', 'population established_crossing broiler male line layer_line used map quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting abdominal_fat weight_abdominal fat_percentage serum cholesterol_triglyceride concentration two genetic model_applied qtl analysis using regression_interval method three significant qtl four suggestive qtl mapped analysis four significant four suggestive qtl mapped analysis total five qtl mapped abdominal_fat weight six abdominal_fat percentage four triglyceride_concentration analysis new qtl associated serum triglyceride_concentration mapped qtl mapped marker abdominal_fat percentage abdominal_fat weight suggestive qtl abdominal_fat percentage showed_significant effect some qtl mapped match qtl region mapped previous_study using different population suggesting good_candidate region candidate_gene search', 'qtl detection experiment performed french_dairy cattle search qtl related male_fertility ten family involving total bull phenotyped ejaculated volume sperm_concentration number_spermatozoon motility velocity percentage motile spermatozoon thawing abnormal spermatozoon set microsatellite_marker used realize genome_scan first genetic_parameter estimated trait semen production trait found moderate heritabilities semen_quality trait motility high_heritabilities close genetic_correlation among trait showed negative relationship volume concentration volume quality trait motility abnormal_sperm correlation concentration trait rather favourable percentage abnormal_sperm negatively related quality trait especially motility velocity spermatozoon three qtl related abnormal_sperm frequency significant total qtl detected however number qtl detected within range expected false_positive because lack power find qtl design analysis required_confirm qtl', 'combined_linkage linkage_disequilibrium analysis lald conducted accurately map previously_reported quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting somatic_cell score bovine_chromosome design_consisting german_holstein grandsire_family genotyped son used study twenty microsatellite_marker single_nucleotide polymorphism erythrocyte antigen marker average marker spacing analyzed along chromosomal_segment variance_component estimated restricted_maximum likelihood test_statistic calculated midpoint marker interval the test_statistic calculated linkage analysis exceeded_significance threshold several putative qtl position using lald successful assigning significant qtl confidence_interval marker the qtl marker interval estimated responsible genetic_variation somatic_cell score contrast linkage analysis model lald analysis model confirmed position one qtl gave conclusive evidence existence position second qtl ultimately qtl position_narrowed considerably compared_previous result refined confidence_interval le', 'the detection mapping genetic marker linked quantitative_trait locus qtl utilized enhance genetic_improvement livestock population with completion bovine genome_sequence assembly single_nucleotide polymorphism snp assay spanning_whole bovine genome research work large_scale identification validation analysis genotypic variation cattle become_possible the_objective present_study perform whole_genome scan identify map qtl affecting milk_production trait somatic_cell score using linkage_disequilibrium regression snp marker three snp found associated milk_yield genome chromosome_wise significance_level respectively among significant snp region reported qtl dairy_cattle population rest five new qtl finding four snp significant milk_production trait fat_yield protein_yield milk content present_study six nine snp associated genome chromosome_wise significant level respectively three snp found associated genome chromosome_wise significant level five seven snp mapped somatic_cell score genome chromosome_wise significant level respectively the result study revealed qtl protein_percentage fat_percentage somatic_cell score persistency milk canadian dairy_cattle population the chromosome region identified study investigated potentially identify_causative mutation_underlying qtl', 'altering balance response influence animal susceptibility acute_chronic inflammatory_disease bovine mastitis exception genetic_variation form single_nucleotide polymorphism snp may alter function expression gene regulate inflammation making important candidate defining animal risk developing acute_chronic mastitis the_objective present_study identify snp gene regulate response test association estimated_breeding value_ebv somatic_cell score_sc trait highly_correlated incidence_mastitis these gene included bovine receptor transforming_growth factor receptor dna allowed_identification snp beta these snp subsequently genotyped cohort holstein_jersey guernsey bull linear_regression analysis identified significant snp effect sc haplotype aat showed_significant effect increasing sc compared common haplotype the result presented indicate snp may_contribute variation sc dairy_cattle although functional study necessary ascertain whether snp causal polymorphism merely linkage true causal snp selection_program incorporating marker could beneficial influence average sc productivity dairy_herd', 'background although many qtl various trait mapped livestock location confidence_interval remain wide make difficult identification causative_mutation the_aim study test contribution microarray data qtl detection livestock_specie three different complementary approach proposed improve characterization chicken qtl region abdominal_fatness previously detected chromosome result hepatic transcriptome_profile offspring sire known heterozygous distal qtl obtained using chicken oligochip mrna_level gene correlated trait the first approach dissect phenotype identifying animal subgroup according transcript profile linkage analysis using subgroup revealed another qtl middle increased significance distal qtl thereby refining localization the second approach targeted gene correlated trait regulated qtl region five gene considered controlled either qtl mutation mutation close one function_related lipid_metabolism addition qtl analysis multiple trait model combining allowed refine qtl region the third approach use transcriptome_profile predict paternal versus qtl mutation recombinant offspring refine localization qtl gene probable location confidence_interval gene determining recombination breakpoints interval consistent reduction obtained two approach conclusion the result showed feasibility efficacy three strategy used first revealing qtl undetected using whole population second providing functional information qtl region gene related trait controlled region third could drastically refine qtl region', 'the increasing evidence fetal developmental effect postnatal life still_unknown fetal_growth mechanism impairing offspring generated somatic nuclear transfer technique impact stillbirth dystocia conventional reproduction generated increasing attention toward mammalian fetal_growth identified highly_significant quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting fetal_growth bovine_chromosome specific resource_population set consistent use embryo transfer foster mother thus enabled dissection genetic component fetal_growth merging data result cattle population differing historical geographical origin comparative data human association mapping suggests nonsynonymous polymorphism condensin_complex subunit ncapg gene ncapg potential cause identified qtl resulting divergent bovine fetal_growth ncapg gene expression data fetal placentomes different ncapg genotype line recent result differential ncapg expression placentomes study assisted reproduction technique indicate ncapg locus may give valuable_information specific mechanism_regulating fetal_growth mammal', 'background many_country male_piglet castrated shortly birth proportion male pig produce meat unpleasant flavour odour main compound boar_taint androstenone_skatole the_aim association study identify single_nucleotide polymorphism snp associated androstenone_level commercial sire line pig the identification major genetic effect causing boar_taint would accelerate reduction boar_taint breeding finally eliminate need castration result the illumina_porcine beadchip genotyped pig divergent androstenone_concentration commercial sire line the association analysis snp revealed androstenone_level fat tissue significantly affected snp pig chromosome among significant snp explained together genetic_variance androstenone larger region shown associated androstenone covering several candidate_gene potentially_involved synthesis_metabolism androgen besides known candidate_gene cytochrome sulfotransferases also new member cytochrome gene subfamily found addition gene_encoding luteinizing hormone lhb induces steroid synthesis leydig cell testis onset_puberty map area interestingly gene_encoding also located one highly_significant area conclusion_this study_reveals several area genome high resolution responsible variation androstenone_level intact boar major genetic factor showing moderate large effect androstenone_concentration identified commercial breeding line pig known new candidate_gene cluster especially for one significant snp variant difference proportion animal surpassing threshold consumer_acceptance two homozygous genotype much', 'single_nucleotide polymorphism snp association milk_production trait found significant different screening experiment including snp gene hypothesized gene pathway affecting milk_production tested validation population confirm association total snp genotyped across holstein_bull association milk_production trait australian selection index indicating profitability_animal milk_production protein fat milk_yield protein fat composition tested using single snp regression snp significantly_associated one trait effect direction screening experiment therefore association considered validated snp chromosome observed including snp growth_hormone receptor gene previously_published association protein composition protein milk_yield the association protein composition confirmed experiment association protein milk_yield multiple snp regression analysis snp chromosome performed trait revealed mutation significantly_associated milk_production trait least quantitative_trait locus present chromosome', 'background trait mapped bovine_chromosome bta various bovine breed population previously_mapped significant quantitative_trait locus qtl carcass body_weight bta using japanese_black family additional qtl mapping study detected four qtl body carcass_weight overlapped japanese_black japanese brown family map region greater detail applied comparison haplotype shown powerful canine result used microsatellite_marker search shared increasing carcass body_weight haplotype within region among five sire linkage_disequilibrium mapping using maternal allele offspring showed shared haplotype associated body carcass_weight breed the addition single_nucleotide polymorphism snp marker narrowed region containing gene the snp changing met ncapg chromosome condensation protein significantly_associated carcass_weight large japanese_black population well five family the allele snp also associated larger longissimus_muscle area thinner subcutaneous_fat thickness steer five family indicating locus pleiotropic favorable selection beef_cattle conclusion critical region identified the snp changing met ncapg chromosome condensation protein used positional_candidate selection', 'background the somatic_cell score_sc implemented routine sire evaluation many_country indicator trait udder_health somatic_cell score highly_correlated clinical_mastitis german_holstein population quantitative_trait locus qtl sc repeatedly mapped bos_taurus autosome present_study report refined analysis previously detected qtl region aim_identifying marker marker haplotype linkage_disequilibrium sc combined_linkage linkage_disequilibrium approach_implemented association analysis marker genotype maternally_inherited conducted_identify marker haplotype linkage_disequilibrium locus affecting_sc german_holstein population result detected significant qtl within marker interval middle telomeric_region second putative qtl marker interval association analysis genotype marker flanking likely qtl position revealed microsatellite_marker interval associated locus affecting_sc within family investigated analysis maternally_inherited haplotype effect maternally_inherited gamete indicated haplotype marker interval associated sc_german holstein population conclusion_our result confirmed_previous qtl mapping result sc support_hypothesis one locus presumably affect udder_health middle telomeric_region however subsequent investigation reported qtl region necessary verify hypothesis confirm association marker interval sc for_purpose higher marker_density model required narrow position causal_mutation mutation affecting_sc german_holstein cattle', 'feed_intake efficiency economically_important trait feed greatest variable cost beef production feed_efficiency measured residual_feed intake_rfi difference actual dmi animal expected dmi based growth_rate feed_conversion ratio_fcr inverse gross feed_efficiency ratio dmi_adg total snp across bovine_autosome analyzed steer sired angus_charolais alberta_hybrid bull association rfi total snp associated rfi significant nine snp pair show high linkage_disequilibrium snp pair used analysis two method used create panel snp maximally informative rfi based data first method unique snp combined single multivariate_model backward elimination model used drop snp snp left model significant the snp greater effect combined multivariate_model tested individually second method estimate snp used create sequential molecular breeding_value mbv according compound covariate prediction ccp procedure the sequential mbv built adding estimated effect one time keeping snp effect sequential mbv test_statistic proportion_variance explained improved predictability method compared regressing rfi final mbv created snp remained analytical model the mbv compound covariate prediction model produced whereas multivariate_model mbv decreased the significant snp also tested association dmi fcr the snp showed different combination association trait including associated rfi about snp model within previously identified rfi qtl pinpoint area explore positional_candidate gene conclusion study identified panel snp significant effect rfi need_validated independent population provides continued progress toward selecting marker use_selection feed_efficiency beef_cattle', 'background association analysis powerful tool annotating phenotypic effect genome knowledge gene chromosomal_region associated dairy phenotype useful genome selection here_report result analysis predicted_transmitting ability_pta production health_reproduction body_conformation trait contemporary_holstein cow result association analysis identified number candidate_gene chromosome region associated dairy trait contemporary_holstein cow highly_significant gene chromosome region include gnas region milk fat protein_yield insr region btax daughter_pregnancy rate somatic_cell score_productive life somatic_cell score region fat_percentage protein_yield percentage mgmt pdgfra protein_percentage region daughter calving_ease stillbirth region large number trait stillbirth daughter calving_ease dst region daughter stillbirth btax daughter_pregnancy rate for body_conformation trait btax largest concentration snp effect btax ren significant effect body_size trait for body shape trait btax significant udder trait affected btax teat trait affected trait affected conclusion association analysis identified number gene chromosome region associated production health_reproduction body_conformation trait contemporary_holstein cow the result_provide useful_information annotating phenotypic effect dairy genome building consensus dairy qtl effect', 'causal_mutation affecting quantitative_trait variation good target selection carcass trait beef_cattle study linkage linkage_disequilibrium analysis_ldla four carcass trait undertaken using marker bovine_chromosome the ldla analysis detected quantitative_trait locus qtl carcass_weight cwt eye_muscle area_ema position around surrounded marker the qtl marbling mar identified midpoint marker marker interval the likely_position second qtl cwt found midpoint tenth marker_bracket for marker_bracket total number haplotype common frequency effect haplotype cwt varied deviation haplotype haplotype determine gene contribute qtl effect gene expression analysis performed muscle wide_range phenotype the result_demonstrate two gene upregulated increasing cwt_ema whereas significant effect intramuscular_fat imf_content two genetic marker detected likely qtl position qtl study show significant effect trait cwt_ema gene expression analysis conclude three gene could potential_causal gene affecting carcass trait cwt_ema imf hanwoo', 'detecting gene associated milk fat composition could provide_valuable insight_complex genetic network gene underling variation fatty_acid synthesis point towards opportunity changing milk fat composition via selective_breeding study conducted association study_gwas milk_fatty acid chinese_holstein cow plink_software genotype obtained illumina bead_chip total informative single_nucleotide polymorphism snp used totally significant snp suggestive significant snp associated milk_fatty acid trait detected chromosome region affect milk_fatty acid trait mainly observed snp associated one milk_fatty acid trait studied fatty_acid trait significant associated multiple snp especially snp index snp index snp several snp close within fasn gene affect milk composition trait dairy_cattle combined previously_reported qtl region biological_function gene novel_promising candidate index index sfa ufa found composed cpm lipj lipk ehhadh chuk prlr ghr our_finding provide groundwork unraveling key gene causal_mutation affecting milk_fatty acid trait dairy_cattle', 'qtl mapping growth_carcass trait performed_using paternal_family composed japanese_black cattle offspring nine qtl detected significance_level false_discovery rate le these included two qtl marbling bta two qtl carcass_weight bta two qtl longissimus_muscle area bta two qtl subcutaneous_fat thickness bta one qtl rib thickness bta although marbling qtl bta replicated significant linkage two japanese_black cattle sire three marbling haplotype inherited maternally apparently different compare three haplotype detail microsatellite_marker overlapping region developed within ci marker detailed haplotype comparison indicated small region around shared two sire whose dam related association region marbling shown regression analysis using local population two sire produced confirmed association study using population collected throughout japan these_result strongly suggest marbling qtl bta located region around', 'navicular_disease characterized progressive degenerative alteration equine podotrochlea study refined previously identified quantitative_trait locus qtl horse chromosome abnormal development canales sesamoidales dc navicular_bone hanoverian_warmblood horse genotyping done hanoverian_warmblood horse_paternal group the whole marker set_comprised marker including seven newly_developed microsatellites single_nucleotide polymorphism snp within positional_candidate gene significant qtl confirmed refined dc horse chromosome_eca nine microsatellites three snp marker reached highest multipoint zmeans lod_score error probability addition significant association snp within significant association within could shown these_result support possible role candidate_gene within qtl dc this_study step_towards identification gene responsible navicular_disease hanoverian_warmblood horse', 'previous_study demonstrated substitution acylcoa diacylglycerol acyltransferase gene mutation growth_hormone receptor_ghr gene causative quantitative_trait locus underlying milk_yield composition respectively examine application genetic_improvement chinese dairy_cattle productivity herein investigated effect ghr mutation milk fat protein_yield well fat protein_percentage milk holstein_cow genotyping performed_using restriction analysis ghr with mixed animal model significant association substitution milk fat protein_yield identified the allele encode lysine position associated increased milk fat_yield decreased milk_protein yield whereas ghr mutation found significantly_associated protein_percentage the allele_substitution effect may_lead significant increase protein_percentage our_finding indicate ghr could_used increase milk_yield protein_yield chinese_holstein cow', 'homogentisate dioxygenase hgd one six enzyme required catabolism aromatic amino_acid phenylalanine tyrosine here present nucleotide sequence transcript bovine_hgd gene the full length cdna bovine_hgd identified encoding deduced protein amino_acid accession the bovine_hgd gene comprises exon_intron this_first published cdna bovine sequence_share high sequence_similarity specie analysis demonstrated bovine_hgd transcript mainly expressed liver_kidney tissue nine single_nucleotide polymorphism snp identified five coding_region four intronic four snp change_amino acid hgd protein sequence genotype allelic_frequency determined chinese_red cattle breed ten haplotype determined based_upon genotype snp moreover first_time association reported hgd gene polymorphism meat_quality trait chinese_red cattle association analysis showed genotype showed_significant effect meat_cooking rate muscle_fiber diameter_shear force the hgd draiii genotype showed_significant effect muscle_fiber diameter_shear force drip_loss the genotype showed_significant effect meat_cooking rate shear_force drip_loss the genotype showed_significant effect meat_cooking rate shear_force the genotype showed_significant effect meat_cooking rate muscle_fiber diameter_shear force locus statistically_significant difference_observed phu this_first incidence polymorphism bovine_hgd gene demonstrated correlation meat trait chinese_red cattle', 'analysed qtl affecting milk_yield milk_protein yield milk fat_yield dual purpose cattle breed fleckvieh microsatellite_marker covering selected analyse nine family containing son granddaughter_design thereby assigned two new marker public linkage_map using program phenotypic_record daughter_yield deviation dyd originating routinely performed genetic_evaluation breeding animal determine position qtl three different approach applied interval_mapping linkage analysis variance_component analysis lavc combined_linkage disequilibrium linkage ldl analysis all three method mapped qtl marker interval greatest value respectively the positive qtl allele simultaneously increase dyd first lactation milk milk_protein milk fat although mapping accuracy significance qtl effect increased lavc ldl confidence_interval large respectively positional_cloning causal gene the estimated average pair wise marker distance low reflect large effective population size fleckvieh subpopulation analysed this low level suggests need increase marker_density following fine_mapping step', 'gain insight number locus large effect underlie_variation cattle quantitative_trait locus qtl scan economically_important trait performed two commercial angus population using microsatellites single_nucleotide polymorphism snp one duplication locus the first population comprised registered angus bull born expected progeny difference computed american angus association the second comprised family containing steer six growth_carcass phenotype linkage analysis performed least_square regression gridqtl bayesian markov_chain monte_carlo analysis complex pedigree loki detected qtl previously_reported reflecting conservative approach qtl reporting literature liberal approach taken study from genetic_variance phenotypic_variance trait explained detected qtl analyse effect snp one duplication locus within candidate_gene trait single marker analysis performed fitting additive allele_substitution model mapping population there association detected locus trait nominal association explained genetic_variance phenotypic_variance association six locus located_within qtl peak trait two located qtl peak ribeye muscle_area calving_ease strong association several locus trait variation obtained absence detected linked qtl however reject causality several commercialized dna test including association marbling angus cattle', 'the evolution male weaponry animal driven sexual selection predicted reduce genetic_variability underlying trait soay_sheep inherited polymorphism horn_type sex male presenting either large normal_horn small deformed horn scurs addition additive_genetic variation horn_length among male normal_horn given scurred male win conflict male unusual gene conferring scurs persist population identifying genetic_basis trait help_understanding evolution developed microsatellite_marker targeted region soay_sheep genome refined location horn locus approximately interval chromosome located quantitative_trait locus spanning interval peak centred close explained majority genetic_variation horn_length base circumference male respectively therefore genetic_variation horn_type horn_length attributable chromosomal_region understanding maintenance horn_type length variation require investigation selection genotype determine trait', 'accumulated study documented extensive link polymorphism pig productive trait quantitative_trait locus linkage result hand provided extensive evidence showing core several qtls carcass meat_quality trait research screened two substitution coding_sequence one continuous_mutated site pig gene using reference_population pig generation hybrid chinese_native jinhua pig european pietrain the two_missense mutation exon exon led change respectively digested smai introduced separately genotype analysis continuous_mutated site analyzed avai cleavage result continuous_mutated site manifested significantly close association backfat_thickness sixth seventh rib polymorphism associated significantly seven carcass trait the result shown western blotting these_finding inferred probably effect pig carcass trait', 'several milk_protein polymorphism potential tool selection dairy ruminant however research result dairy sheep conclusive goat cattle often controversial the main_objective study find later use molecular genetic marker selection improve milk_production milk composition awassi ewe chromosome chosen several study reported presence significant quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting milk_production trait ovine bovine_chromosome altogether genotype microsatellite locus determined ewe purebred awassi cross phenotypic_data lactation yield milk milk fat protein_lactose average milk_protein fat_percentage average somatic_cell count five microsatellites showed_significant association least_one examined trait', 'background maternal_infanticide extreme failed maternal_behavior defined active attack piglet using jaw resulting serious fatal bite wound brings big economic_loss pig_industry severe problem piglet welfare but little_known genetic background behavior quantitative_trait locus qtl maternal_infanticide identified white_duroc erhualian_intercross linkage analysis npl previous_study study association microsatellite_marker used npl analysis maternal_infanticide behavior analyzed test tdt basis seven gene bdnf oxtr five genomic_region selected analyzed association single_nucleotide polymorphism snp haplotype gene maternal_infanticide behavior evaluated result microsatellite_marker pig chromosome_ssc displayed significance tdt npl seven candidate_gene three snp nominal evidence association allele allele also showed evidence overtransmission infanticidal_sow overall test association haplotype candidate_gene achieved overall significance_level haplotype respectively showed higher frequency infanticidal_sow allele among haplotype snp showed overtransmission infanticidal_sow white_duroc conclusion from association test snp haplotype showed_significant association maternal_infanticide this result supported existence qtl maternal_infanticide behavior', 'awassi merino merino backcross family ewe used map quantitative_trait locus qtl different milk_production trait framework map locus across autosome from five previously proposed mathematical model describing lactation curve wood model considered appropriate due simplicity ability determine ovine lactation curve characteristic derived milk trait milk fat protein_lactose yield well percentage composition somatic_cell score used single approach using maximum_likelihood estimation regression analysis total significant additional suggestive qtl detected across single qtl method trait preparation qtl result compared qtl milk_production trait dairy ewe various public domain source found reprogen ovine gbrowser http many qtl milk_production trait reported chromosome those chromosome strong agreement result reported addition novel qtl found chromosome comparison extended comparing qtl region sheep cattle provided strong_evidence synteny conservation qtl region milk fat protein somatic_cell score data cattle sheep', 'susceptibility_scrapie mainly controlled point_mutation prnp locus however additional quantitative_trait locus qtl identified across genome including region the gene_encodes inducible form cytoplasmic chaperone map within region seems associated scrapie sheep here analyzed several polymorphism previously_described ovine flanking_region intron two naturally scrapie infected romanov sheep population first studied animal pertaining sire_family qtl influencing scrapie_incubation period detected found significant association polymorphism localized flanking_region scrapie_incubation period these two polymorphism also studied second sample constituted sheep showing extreme incubation_period result concordant first dataset finally studied expression scrapie control animal different genotype real time pcr blood_sample the expression rate equivalent scrapie resistant_animal higher scrapie susceptible counterpart our_result support_hypothesis ovine gene act modulator scrapie susceptibility contributing observed difference incubation_period scrapie infected animal prnp genotype', 'although susceptibility_scrapie largely_controlled prp gene role gene affect scrapie resistance sheep confirmed following detection quantitative_trait locus qtl chromosome family susceptible prp_genotype whole pedigree naturally infected flock investigated confirm qtl region different prp_genotype the present_study allowed confirm qtl chromosome demonstrate qtl effect several prp_genotype', 'protein domain_containing control brown fat determination stimulating brown gene expression suppressing expression gene selective white fat cell whose mutation associated myelodysplastic syndrome md leukemogenesis human murine model leukemia date polymorphism gene bovine reported herein dna_sequencing method employed screen genetic_variation within gene chinese_indigenous bovine the result revealed two novel silent mutation hence described pvuii_haeiii forced method_detecting mutation respectively forced analysis pvuii frequency bovine allele varied four chinese_native breed forced analysis haeiii frequency bovine allele jiaxian nanyang_qinchuan chinese_holstein population significant statistical difference genotypic_frequency implied polymorphic locus significantly_associated cattle breed chi square test pvuii_haeiii the association pvuii_haeiii forced bovine locus growth trait analyzed nanyang breed the two snp associated body_weight average_daily gain nanyang aged_month individual genotype showed significantly better body_weight average_daily gain month respectively', 'lectin mbl mediates activation complement system via lectin pathway two form mbl characterized rodent rabbit bovine rhesus monkey whereas one form identified human chimpanzee chicken the two form encoded two distinct gene named identified many_specie including pig report studied two porcine gene the porcine mbl gene higher identity bovine rather primate rodent sequence both gene assigned chromosome radiation_hybrid panel linkage mapping both mbl gene highly_expressed liver also found expressed lung testis brain whereas low expression detected testis kidney new single_nucleotide polymorphism porcine gene found genotyped experimental pig population together previously_reported snp genotype differed serum_concentration vivo complement_activity correspondingly linkage analysis_revealed quantitative_trait locus serum level close position mbl gene the study thus promotes porcine mbl gene functional_positional candidate_gene complement_activity', 'off flavour pork sometimes produce taste sourness fishy metallic flavour often caused low loss function mutation flavin containing known associated fishy flavour chicken egg cow milk similar autosomal recessive disorder present human resulting fishy odour member gene family clustered human chromosome comparative_mapping suggested remaining fmo gene might map orthologous region pig chromosome quantitative_trait locus qtl flavour previously identified primer_designed amplify gene fragment several snp discovered genotyping test developed the genotype iowa state university berkshire_yorkshire resource_population used linkage_map pig chromosome qtl association analysis performed_using map containing result demonstrated mapped le away peak flavour qtl previously detected provide indication association polymorphism flavour pork', 'beta play_role cleaving eccentrically may involved control adipose milk colour cattle the bovine gene sequenced potential candidate_gene beef fat colour qtl chromosome bta single_nucleotide base change located exon cause substitution stop_codon encoded allele tryptophan encoded allele referred herein snp association analysis showed_significant difference subcutaneous_fat colour concentration amongst cattle different genotype animal genotype yellow beef fat higher concentration adipose_tissue genotype qtl mapping analysis snp fitted_fixed effect confirmed snp likely represent quantitative_trait nucleotide_qtn fat trait bta moreover animal genotype yellower milk colour higher concentration milk', 'qtl study performed large family characterize genetic background variation pork_quality trait well examine possibility including qtl selection_scheme the quality trait included ultimate semimembranosus drip_loss minolta color measurement representing meat lightness_redness yellowness respectively the family consist progeny duroc_boar evaluated identify qtl the linkage_map consists snp marker porcine_autosome quantitative_trait locus mapped using linear_mixed model fixed factor sire sex herd month sow age random factor polygenic_effect qtl effect litter significance_threshold determined peipho approach bayes credibility interval estimated posterior_distribution qtl position total qtl meat_quality trait found significant level among qtl significant level significant level segregation identified qtl different family also investigated most identified qtl segregated family for qtl affecting ultimate semimembranosus value position qtl shape likelihood curve almost addition strong correlation estimated effect qtl found trait indicating gene control trait similar pattern seen qtl affecting ultimate muscle drip_loss the result study helpful fine_mapping identifying gene affecting meat_quality trait tightly_linked marker may incorporated selection_program', 'dystocia_stillbirth significant cause female neonatal death many_specie evidence genetic component trait identifying_causal mutation affecting trait genome_wide association study could reveal genetic pathway involved step_towards targeted intervention norwegian red_cattle ideal model breed study large number record available conducted genome_wide association study direct_maternal effect dystocia_stillbirth using almost million record trait genotyping cost minimized genotyping sire recorded cow using daughter average phenotype dense marker map containing single_nucleotide polymorphism covering autosomal_chromosome utilized the genotyped sire assigned one two group attempt ensure independence group association considered validated occurred group strong association found validated chromosome the qtl region chromosome refined using ldla analysis the result showed chromosome probably contains two qtl direct effect dystocia one direct effect stillbirth several candidate_gene may identified close qtl cluster gene expected affect bone_cartilage formation ibsp mepe particular_interest suggest gene screened candidate_gene study dystocia_stillbirth cattle well specie', 'contrast human gene multiple variant described several associated appetite obesity variant reported pig the interesting polymorphism reported date pig significantly_associated variation growth_fatness trait breed cross however report seemingly failed confirm association the discrepancy association pig population suggested discovery snp would_useful utilizing recently released pig genome_sequence information obtained whole_genome sequence detected five additional snp variable repeat indel isu berkshire_yorkshire pig resource family linkage_disequilibrium analysis_revealed additional five snp strong single marker association analysis_indicated significantly_associated fatness measure highly significantly_associated average_daily gain test adgtest three major haplotype identified subsequent association analysis suggested two snp different effect influenced back_fat growth test primarily associated variation growth_rate population interaction effect two snp found adgtest may partly explain previous discrepancy reported different pig population examination polymorphism population effect limited warranted', 'the bovine placental growth gene pgf analysed positional_functional candidate_gene maternal effect stillbirth_calving ease first_parity prominent level pgf expression reported whole human placenta umbilical vein endothelial cell modulation angiogenesis vessel remodelling vascular permeability implantation placentation suggest influence trophoblast function pregnancy change expression protein function may therefore crucial pregnancy parturition comparative_sequencing bull extreme approximate_daughter yield_deviation calving trait identified snp two within pgf gene seventeen identified polymorphism genotyped selected bull tested association approximate_daughter yield_deviation calving trait single marker analysis snp significantly_associated maternal_stillbirth calving_ease first_parity the allele_substitution significant snp explain additive_genetic variance maternal_stillbirth maternal_calving ease first_parity respectively there_evidence polymorphism identified within study could causal_mutation underlying qtl likely regulatory mutation summary report polymorphism bovine pgf gene significantly_associated maternal effect stillbirth_calving ease animal selection these_result confirmed extended study identify_causal mutation_underlying qtl analysed', 'before implementing selection based quantitative_trait locus qtl fertility important determine existence correlated effect fertility qtl qtl effect production trait when qtl detected trait composite subtraits interest validate subtraits affected qtl phenotypic marker data_collected grandsire_family danish_holstein population first trait data fertility_treatment separated underlying subtraits uterine infection antibiotic placed placenta abortion addition retained_placenta selected analysis related uterine infection genome_scan performed_using microsatellite_marker fertility_treatment subtraits_retained placenta additional genome_scan milk_production trait conditional qtl region subtraits_retained placenta conducted second selected genomic_region harboring qtl fertility trait previous_study qtl scan milk_production trait conditional selected region conducted found selected genomic_region containing qtl fertility including fertility_treatment subtraits_retained placenta also harbored qtl milk_yield milk composition trait furthermore qtl region corresponding different fertility trait including fertility_treatment subtraits harbor qtl milk_production milk composition trait region specific fertility trait the genome_scan fertility_treatment subtraits correspond qtl found fertility_treatment qtl detected subtrait abortion however genome_scan retained_placenta revealed different qtl', 'this_study aimed map quantitative_trait locus qtl trait related humoral_innate immune defence therefore haemolytic complement_activity alternative classical pathway serum_concentration haptoglobin measured blood_sample obtained piglet porcine resource_population mycoplasma hyopneumoniae aujeszky disease_virus suid herpesvirus suhvi porcine reproductive_respiratory syndrome_virus prrsv vaccination week_age animal genotyped autosomal marker qtl analysis performed line cross half_sib phenotypic_data adjusted systematic effect mixed_model without repeated measure statement total estimated qtl position detected significance_level respectively the proximal region orthologous distal region intermediate region showed clustering estimated qtl position complement_activity based different model common genetic background single true qtl might underlie qtl position related trait addition qtl antibody_titre detected with regard number magnitude impact qtl humoral_innate immune trait behave like quantitative_trait discovery qtl facilitates identification candidate_gene disease_resistance immune competence applicable selective_breeding research towards improving therapeutic prophylactic measure', 'the_aim study_investigate whether phenotype provide clearer picture quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting calving trait german_holstein breeding_value estimated across parity experiment approximate_daughter yield_deviation calculated applying univariate sire model_assuming unrelated sire used phenotype qtl mapping study these_result compared obtained using deregressed_estimated breeding_value obtained routine german sire evaluation experiment experiment significant qtl found first_parity second_parity only three qtl maternal_stillbirth located showed significance experiment revealed significant qtl the result differed markedly first_second parity within experiment well experiment the present_study showed daughter_yield deviation beneficial mapping qtl calving trait furthermore expected use sharper phenotype also advantageous qtl fine_mapping identification candidate_gene', 'the_objective study evaluate effect marker developed eight gene located previously detected meat_quality qtl region growth fat meat_quality trait collected commercial_pig population different genetic background the gene previously_mapped part effort association analysis conducted marker available phenotypic trait result showed three gene ctsz significantly_associated growth trait addition ctsz also impacted meat_colour le favourable genotype growth associated darker meat the difference_observed genotype substantial may economic_importance pig producer these marker may_useful selecting faster growth improved meat_quality', 'despite economic_interest fatty_acid profile pig gene convincingly associated trait far here porcine microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mttp gene play_crucial role assembly nascent lipoprotein analysed positional_candidate gene qtl affecting fatty_acid composition previously identified chromosome iberian_landrace cross resequencing panel different breed polymorphism conserved residue lipid transfer domain mttp identified association analysis polymorphism showed strong association fatty_acid composition porcine fat much stronger qtl effect cross synthetic_line addition vitro activity assay liver protein extract shown mutation also associated lipid transfer activity mttp protein these_result suggest detected polymorphism potential_causal factor fatty_acid composition qtl there appears interaction porcine mttp genotype type fat source pig diet would agree previous result biology mttp biology', 'study molecular characterization potential association gene carcass trait investigated pig the sequence cdna obtained silico cloning chain_reaction pcr two transcript variant variant gene identified expression analysis different tissue showed variant ubiquitously expressed tissue analysed variant found fat tissue the cdna region variant organized seven eight exon respectively substitution exon change codon glycine codon arginine substitution intron detected fragment_length polymorphism rflp respectively significant difference found allele_frequency among six chinese_indigenous pig breed two commercial_pig breed linkage analysis showed polymorphism within gene closely_linked marker pig chromosome large_white meishan_resource population the qtl association study polymorphism gene carcass trait carried significant association polymorphism backfat_thickness average_backfat thickness leaf_fat weight found additional test marker_assisted association analysis also supported association mutation trait together present_study provided_useful information characterization gene potential association carcass trait pig', 'recurrent_airway obstruction_rao heave naturally occurring disease related sensitisation exposure mouldy hay familial basis complex mode_inheritance scanning approach using two family taken order locate chromosome region contribute inherited component condition family initially panel_microsatellite marker chosen polymorphic selection covering equine_autosome used genotype two family comprised total warmblood_horse subsequently supplementary marker_added total genotyped marker each family focused around severely stallion phenotype individual assessed rao related sign namely breathing effort rest breathing effort work coughing nasal discharge using questionnaire analysis using regression_method family structure performed_using rao composite clinical_sign separately two chromosome region showed_significant association rao additional chromosome region showed modest association this_first publication describes mapping genetic locus involved rao several candidate_gene located region number interleukin these important signalling molecule intricately involved control immune_response therefore good positional_candidate', 'form cysteine protein family play_important role myofiber differentiation here isolated characterized coding gene porcine muscle phylogenic analysis demonstrated diverged first distinguished two member mrna development porcine embryonic skeletal_muscle indicating_potential importance muscle growth genetic variant analysis detected multiple variation approximately region covering exon downstream intron two haplotype identified sequencing one_synonymous substitution used linkage association analysis_revealed substitution significant association firmness lab loin off flavor score water_holding capacity suggestive effect flavor score average glycolytic_potential berkshire_yorkshire population the association analysis result agreed gene localization qtl region meat_quality trait porcine chromosome demonstrated linkage mapping mapping these_result provide fundamental evidence functional_candidate gene affecting pig meat_quality', 'chromosomal_region harboring variation affecting cattle birth_weight gain age identified marker association using highly parallel beadchip assay composed individual snp genotype obtained progeny steer cross grandprogeny steer female sire representing breed sire per breed angus_charolais gelbvieh hereford limousin red angus simmental genotype birth_weaning yearling record used association analysis estimate effect individual snp growth trait analyzed included growth component trait birth_weight bwt adjusted birth_weaning gain adjusted postweaning gain pwg cumulative trait adjusted weaning_weight bwt adjusted yearling_weight bwt pwg index relative difference postnatal_growth birth_weight modeled fixed_effect included additive_effect calf_dam snp genotype contemporary group covariates calf_dam breed composition heterosis direct_maternal additive polygenic_effect maternal permanent environment effect random missing genotype including genotype dam approximated blup procedure pedigree relationship known genotype various association criterion applied stringent test account multiple_testing limited_power detect association small effect relaxed nominal may detect snp associated small effect include excessive false_positive association genomic location snp meeting stringent criterion generally coincided described previously qtl affecting growth trait the snp satisfying relaxed test located_throughout genome most snp associated bwt postnatal_growth affected component direction although detection snp associated one component independent others present possible opportunity selection increase postnatal_growth relative bwt', 'the matrix gene found associated hip structure pig recently three quantitative_trait locus qtls loin_muscle area found chromosome mapped present_study association analysis conducted two pig population polymorphism snp present putative promoter_region gene the association result showed animal allele significantly larger loin_muscle area animal allele confirm present result functional study additional causative snp discovery pig various genetic background necessary', 'background delineating genetic_basis body_composition important agriculture medicine addition incorporation interaction statistical_model provides_insight genetic factor underlie body_composition trait used bayesian model selection comprehensively map main epistatic qtl reciprocal intercross two chicken line_divergently selected high_low growth_rate result identified qtl main effect across chromosome several qtl breast meat yield thigh drumstick yield abdominal_fatness different set qtl found breast_muscle pectoralis major minor suggests could controlled different regulatory_mechanism significant interaction qtl sex allowed_detection qtl body_composition abdominal_fat found several major qtl minor abdominal_fatness qtl also several qtl different chromosome interact affect body_composition abdominal_fatness conclusion the detection main effect epistasis qtl suggest complex genetic regulation somatic growth understanding regulatory_mechanism key mapping specific gene underlie qtl controlling somatic growth avian model', 'performed whole_genome qtl analysis confirm existence qtl affecting fatty_acid composition investigate effect additive_dominance imprinting epistatic_interaction qtl resource_population the population comprising pig obtained_crossing duroc_boar meishan_sow the population measured fatty_acid composition used whole_genome qtl analysis using total microsatellite_marker the suggestive significant threshold equivalent likelihood_ratio test_statistic lrt respectively for single qtl analysis suggestive qtl significant qtl detected suggestive qtl identified chromosome respectively significant qtl detected chromosome greatest lrt for significant qtl paternal imprinting_effect also detected chromosome locus region additive qtl effect large lrt the suggestive qtl chromosome significant correction backfat_thickness included for epistatic qtl analysis total epistatic_pair located chromosome the epistatic_pair significant correction backfat_thickness included the individual qtl identified single qtl analysis epistatic qtl analysis locus except for epistatic qtl pair detected chromosome least the present_study constitutes one first_report mapping imprinted qtl epistatic_pair qtl affecting fatty_acid composition swine population', 'pigmentation trait expressed animal visual characteristic allow distinguish breed strain within breed the_objective study map quantitative_trait locus qtls affecting pigmentation trait approximately grand daughter dairy_cattle jersey cross breed cattle trait analyzed included pigmentation phenotype body teat hoop the phenoypes collected digital photo visual inspection live_animal qtl mapping implemented using inheritance model our analysis initially detected number significant qtls chromosome the significant qtls divided two group one group influencing pigmentation color group affecting absence level pigmentation the significant qtl peak observed bovine taurus_autosome close melanocortin receptor color trait close receptor tyrosine kinase kit close transcription_factor mitf_gene spotting trait association study conducted candidate region gene known affect pigmentation dairy_cattle', 'bovine johne_disease caused_mycobacterium avium spp paratuberculosis_map cause significant loss dairy beef_cattle industry effective vaccination therapeutic strategy disease currently unavailable infected animal either get culled die due clinical disease alternative strategy manage disease selectively breed animal enhanced resistance map_infection therefore_objective study identify genetic locus putatively associated map_infection resource_population consisting holstein_cattle using association approach the beadchip containing single_nucleotide polymorphism snp used genotype animal known map_infection status since traditional analytical technique based analysis account existence linkage_disequilibrium marker used novel principal_component regression_approach snp fit logistic_regression model along principal_component snp chromosome showing association trait covariates such approach allowed account exists multiple marker showing association chromosome our analysis_revealed presence least genomic_region associated map_infection status resource_population brief description genomic_region discussion analysis used study presented', 'identify qtl feed_consumption feeding_behavior trait pig adfi feed_conversion ratio_fcr number visit feeder per day nvd average feeding rate afr recorded animal white_duroc chinese_erhualian resource_population fattening period whole_genome scan_performed microsatellites_covering pig genome across_entire resource_population total qtl identified pig chromosome including significant qtl fcr significant qtl adfi nvd these qtl identified first_time except qtl fcr four significant qtl adjacent known qtl growth_carcass fat_deposition trait supporting existence gene pleiotropic_effect trait white_duroc allele generally associated greater phenotypic value except comparison qtl feed_consumption feeding_behavior indicated distinct chromosome effect type trait characterization causative gene underlying identified qtl would shed_new light genetic_basis feed_consumption feeding_behavior pig', 'cathepsin ctsk selected candidate_gene fat_deposition pig recently human_mouse shown lysosomal proteinase obesity marker single_nucleotide polymorphism snp identified intron porcine ctsk gene allele_frequency polymorphism analysed seven pig breed radiation_hybrid mapping confirmed localization ctsk porcine chromosome close qtl region three population pig one italian_large white two italian_duroc group pig selected association analysis italian_large white breed snp informative association analysis including italian_duroc pig showed ctsk marker associated back_fat thickness_lean cut average_daily gain_feed gain ratio estimated_breeding value', 'mouse homozygous animal high growth mutation show increase growth without becoming obese this region homologous distal_part pig chromosome previous genome_scan detected several quantitative_trait locus qtl region body_composition meat_quality using three generation berkshire_yorkshire resource family study effect swine growth fat meat_quality trait three gene previously identified within mouse high growth region analysed the gene studied ripki domain_containing adaptor death domain cradd suppressor cytokine_signalling addition influence two gene located_close region namely plasma_membrane atpase dual specificity phosphatase gene also investigated single_nucleotide polymorphism identified used map gene qtl region result_indicate significant association gene several phenotypic trait including fat_deposition growth pig the present_study suggests association gene swine fat growth related trait study_needed order clearly identify gene involved_regulation qtl located', 'livestock industry meat_color become important consumer_acceptance subject appearance product marketplace our previous analysis whole_genome qtl scan various meat_quality using family japanese_wild boar known red meat large_white duroc chinese jinhua suggested meat_color heme content qtl located the_objective study meat_color qtl subsequently investigate positional_candidate gene polymorphism may cause change meat_color therefore conducted interval_mapping using additional gene marker combined analysis family japanese_wild boar large_white progeny duroc chinese jinhua progeny comparative analysis human_mouse cattle suggested functional gene region among gene suggested novel pig gene_encoding nudix nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety motif member nudix hydrolases strong candidate qtl mouse reported hydrolyze substrate reaction limiting rate heme biosynthesis therefore determined pig gene sequence including promoter_region explored genetic polymorphism japanese_wild boar large_white identified polymorphism within cd region none substitution associated meat_color qtl however polymorphism found putative transcription_factor recognition site investigated differential_expression japanese_wild boar large_white quantitative_pcr the expression_level large_white type allele greater japanese allele consequently speculated difference meat_color japanese_wild boar large_white caused partly differential_expression candidate_gene upregulation expression muscle may reduce content thus reduce level heme biosynthesis', 'background simultaneous_detection multiple qtls quantitative_trait locus may allow accurate estimation genetic effect analyzed outbred commercial_pig population different single multiple model clarify genetic property addition investigated pleiotropy among growth obesity trait based allelic correlation within gamete method three closed population individual yorkshire large_white synthetic breed large_white individual large_white individual analyzed using variance_component method model six marker chromosome five seven marker chromosome used result population displayed high test_statistic fat trait applying model two position two chromosome the estimated_heritabilities polygenic_effect first_second qtl respectively the high correlation estimated allelic effect gamete qtl test_statistic suggested two separate qtl detected different chromosome pleiotropic_effect two fat trait analysis population using model three fat trait found similar peak_position chromosome allelic effect three fat trait gamete highly_correlated suggesting_presence pleiotropic qtl population three growth trait also displayed similar peak_position chromosome allelic effect gamete correlated conclusion detection second qtl model reduced polygenic heritability improve_accuracy estimated_heritabilities qtls', 'the previous result genome_scan total number_piglet born number_piglet born_alive iberian_meishan intercross showed several single epistatic qtl one interesting result obtained two qtl affecting trait showed epistatic_interaction study proposed two gene biological potentially positional_candidate underlying qtl both cdna characterized polymorphism detected chromosome scan_conducted marker plus one snp one covering the epistatic qtl confirmed mapped around region respectively several snp gene tested standard animal model marker_assisted association test the significant result obtained haplotype defined one missense snp val ala duplication this duplication seems include element could target_site mirna therefore statistical biological indication consider haplotype potential_causal mutation_underlying result conclusive although interaction snp significant reject possibility interaction haplotype polymorphism closely_linked snp analysed', 'four gene vtn kera lyz est affymetrix probe set whose candidacy trait related capacity meat arises differential_expression selected candidate_gene analysis based silico_analysis snp detected confirmed sequencing used genotype animal pig population including commercial_herd pietrain pietrain_german large_white german_landrace german_landrace experimental_population duroc_pietrain dupi comparative genetic mapping established location vtn lyz kera coinciding qtl region meat_quality trait vtn showed association drip_loss lyz revealed association conductivity drip_loss kera associated showed association drip_loss respectively however none candidate_gene showed_significant association particular trait across population this may due breed specific effect related difference meat_quality thesis pig breed the study revealed statistic evidence link genetic_variation locus close promoted four candidate_gene functional_positional candidate_gene meat_quality trait', 'dinucleotide microsatellite within promoter signal_transducer activator_transcription gene bovine_chromosome included panel genetic marker used parentage testing procedure cattle breed association allelic size pcr amplicons range objective_study use microsatellite data beef_cattle breed association investigate genetic distance population_stratification among cattle use genotype growth ultrasound carcass data investigate statistical relationship three series genotype phenotype association analysis conducted angus data brangus data brahman angus multibreed data angus brangus_cattle thirteen allele genotype observed frequency varied_among breed group test genetic identity distance among breed composition group increasing brahman influence revealed increased genetic distance angus ranged this accomplished microsatellite locus mixed effect model involving genotype fixed_effect sire random source variation suggested angus cattle genotype tended heavier genotype brangus_cattle allele combination classified small large brangus_cattle genotype heavier birth_weight yet cattle genotype approximately greater percentage fat within per cattle genotype relationship detected multibreed analysis the locus appears associated growth_carcass trait angus brangus_cattle result study provide support one candidate_gene underlying cattle growth qtl chromosome', 'porcine gene mapped swine chromosome_ssc involved_regulation proliferation differentiation skeletal_muscle cell the ldha lactate dehydrogenase coatomer protein complex_subunit beta gene map close involved energy_metabolism protein transport process both gene might_play important_role muscle_development however_little known porcine ldha gene present_study cdna two gene cloned the mapping result demonstrated porcine ldha mapped ssc region several qtl growth_carcass trait including average_backfat thickness_lean fat_percentage the result revealed ldha highly_expressed porcine_skeletal muscle tissue implying potential regulatory_function muscle_development ldha mapped region multipoint analysis generated best map order gene linked marker association analysis_revealed substitution significant effect average_daily gain test average_backfat thickness_bft loin_muscle area lumbar_bft marbling_score tenth_rib bft average drip_loss fiber_type ratio the substitution significant effect average bft lumbar_bft tenth_rib bft carcass_weight last rib_bft interestingly snp associated average bft lumbar_bft tenth_rib bft', 'leg_weakness pig serious problem pig_industry performed whole_genome quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis find qtls affecting_leg weakness trait landrace population progeny five sire measured leg_weakness trait whole_genome qtl mapping performed_using method using microsatellite_marker significant qtls affecting_leg weakness trait detected however level qtls affecting_leg weakness trait detected chromosome qtl effect ranging phenotypic_variance level qtls affecting rear foot_score total leg score detected chromosome qtl effect phenotypic_variance respectively chromosome qtls found study located nearby position the present_study one first_report qtls affecting fitness related trait leg_weakness trait segregate within landrace population the study also provides useful_information studying qtls purebred_population', 'the_objective study identify alternative transcript single_nucleotide polymorphism snp region_utr bovine malic enzyme gene evaluate extent polymorphism associated meat_quality carcass trait chinese_red cattle two transcript long transcript short transcript differ length utr cloned single_nucleotide polymorphism detected utr restriction site endonuclease also found the result revealed genotype significant effect cooking_loss measured eye_muscle area conclusion snp may used dna marker select meat_quality carcass trait chinese_red cattle', 'study genetic_variation coding_region cattle ccaat enhancer binding_protein alpha namely cebpa_gene detected dna_sequencing method individual qinchuan_cattle breed two haplotype three observed genotype detected the result dna sequence showed one mutation comparison the mutation located coding_region cebpa_gene association cebpa_gene genetic_variation carcass trait revealed qinchuan_cattle least_square analysis_revealed significant statistical effect cebpa_gene different genotype slaughter weight carcass_weight qinchuan_cattle individual genotype showed higher slaughter weight carcass_weight individual genotype therefore result_suggest cebpa_gene strong candidate_gene affect carcass trait qinchuan_cattle', 'the_objective study identify locus linked bovine_respiratory disease brd subsequently determine locus associated bovine viral diarrhea virus persistent infection affected_calf dam linkage study using microsatellites conducted_identify locus linked brd brahman_hereford sire_family disease_incidence recorded birth slaughter daily monitoring linkage suggestive qtl six marker_added genotyped respectively interval linkage found these marker used reevaluate brahman_hereford family evaluate additional crossbred family linkage found brd peak peak the marker tested association calf compared_unaffected calf herd dam compared_unaffected calf sixty commercial beef herd tested calf ranch four marker associated marker associated calf compared_unaffected calf the comparison dam unaffected_calf detected association marker tested marker', 'relationship calpain system meat_tenderness carcass trait examined purebred angus bull genotype calpain classified rflp restriction_fragment length polymorphism sscp single strand_conformation polymorphism analysis designing primer based calpain regulatory subunit capns gene bull month_age slaughtered_carcass trait including fat_thickness fat longissimus_muscle area_lma percentage kidney pelvic heart fat kph hot_carcass weight hcw marbling_score mar quality_grade qul analyzed measurement regarding meat_tenderness involved activity calpastatin cac uac_mac shear_force wb myofibril fragmentation_index mfi statistical_significance calpain genotype accounted variation mar_qul capns locus locus explained variation uac_mac significant mean difference genotype capns locus found mar_qul uac showed_significant correlation mac cac mfi fat mar found mac correlated wb fat hcw mar_qul strong positive_correlation detected lma hcw mar_qul negative_correlation mfi mar estimated from result may possible use calpain genotype classified rflp sscp analysis marker_assisted selection_program estimate uac_mac precisely regardless meat_tenderness improve mar_qul beef_cattle', 'putative quantitative_trait locus qtl region chromosome selected previous genome_scan resource_population evaluation commercial duroc population total single_nucleotide polymorphism snp marker genotyped marker segregating the snp associated ultimate phu decline associated phu the snp associated marbling_score day marker associated respectively the marker associated lma marker associated phu color score these_result commercial duroc population showed general consistency previous genome_scan', 'the cassette transporter also known breast cancer resistance protein bcrp belongs cassette abc family transmembrane drug transporter playing crucial_role protection various cell tissue xenotoxins endotoxin recently several study proposed potential gene underlying qtl bovine_chromosome hence study method applied detect two polymorphism target_sequence coding domain nbd region evaluate association milk_production trait trait among chinese_holstein analyzed population allelic_frequency allele respectively genotypic_frequency disequilibrium moreover significant statistical relationship polymorphism gene following trait including milk_yield milk_protein percentage_somatic cell_score sc found when_compared genotype genotype associated higher milk_yield lactation well lower milk_protein percentage sc thus genotype suggested molecular_marker superior milk performance', 'onset_sexual maturation trait extreme importance evolutionarily economically unsurprisingly therefore domestication acted reduce time sexual_maturation variety animal including chicken comparison wild progenitor chicken red_junglefowl rjf domestic layer hen attain maturity approximately earlier addition domestic layer also posse larger comb sexual_ornament produce egg denser bone large quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis performed_using intercross white_leghorn layer breed rjf population onset_sexual maturity measured mapped three separate locus this cross already analysed comb_mass egg_production bone allocation onset_sexual maturity significantly_correlated comb_mass whilst genetic_architecture sexual_maturity comb_mass overlapped three locus for two locus qtl sexual_maturity comb_mass statistically indistinguishable pleiotropy suggesting allele increase comb_mass also decrease onset_sexual maturity', 'major whey_protein milk order investigate polymorphism variant precursor genbank_accession gene effect milk trait conformation polymorphism method adopted analyze polymorphism gene chinese_holstein four genotype found abc single_nucleotide polymorphism snp detected mix type exon gene also found protein content abc dairy_cow higher cow highest among three snp might affect milk trait high polymorphism pic research three snp also caused amino_acid change asp glu thr pro ala val respectively spatial secondary tertiary structure forecasting result also showed single amino_acid change influence protein spatial structure change chinese_holstein taken_together suggested snp change gene structure expression the polymorphism possibly hold secret milk_protein fat_content milk chinese_holstein', 'availability complete_genome sequence well snp genotyping_platform allows association study_gwas chicken snp_array containing marker employed herein identify associated variant underlying egg_production quality trait within two line chicken white_leghorn dwarf layer for individual age_first egg_afe first_egg weight few number egg week_age recorded egg quality trait including egg_weight eggshell weight esw yolk weight eggshell_thickness est eggshell strength es albumen height haugh unit measured week_age total white_leghorn female dwarf dam selected genotyped the scan revealed snp showing significant bonferroni_correction association egg_production quality trait fisher combined probability method some significant snp located known gene including impact development function ovary located gene unclear function layer need studied many significant snp also detected study located previously_reported qtl region most locus detected study novel replication study may needed_confirm functional significance newly_identified snp', 'background integrative genomics_approach combine genotyping transcriptome profiling segregating population developed dissect complex trait the common approach identify gene whose eqtl colocalize qtl interest providing new functional hypothesis causative_mutation another approach includes defining subtypes complex trait using transcriptome_profile performing qtl mapping using subtypes this approach refine qtl reveal new paper introduce factor analysis multiple_testing famt define subtypes accurately reveal interaction qtl affecting trait the data used concern hepatic transcriptome_profile half_sib male chicken sire known heterozygous qtl affecting abdominal_fatness chromosome distal region around result using methodology account hidden dependence structure among phenotype identified gene significantly_correlated trait distinguished subtypes trait observed gene list obtained classical approach after exclusion one two lean bird subtypes linkage analysis_revealed previously_undetected qtl chromosome around interestingly animal subtype presented paternal haplotype qtl this result strongly suggests two qtl interaction word configuration qtl could hide qtl existence proximal region show proximal qtl interacts previous one detected chromosome distal region conclusion_our result_demonstrate stratifying genetic population molecular phenotype followed qtl analysis various subtypes lead_identification novel interacting qtl', 'keyhole_lymphet haemocyanin antigen trigger type immune_response qtl primary immune_response towards keyhole_lymphet haemocyanin detected chicken chromosome three population the result recent population inconsistent varied_depending applied qtl detection model the major_goal current_study reanalysis data using qtl model additionally order provide accurate estimate qtl effect position epistasis qtl considered potential important contributor quantitative_trait four statistical_model assumed model_assuming marginal_additive effect two qtl model_assuming marginal epistatic additive_effect two qtl model_assuming marginal_additive dominance_effect two qtl model_assuming marginal_additive dominance_effect two qtl possible pairwise epistases two qtl significant additive_dominance effect detected chicken chromosome using model one qtl detected another fdr modelling additive_effect resulted significantly worse fit hand including epistatic effect improve fit significantly the current_study confirms previous_report qtl location notable finding study recognition two closely_related qtl keyhole_lymphet haemocyanin response distal_part chicken chromosome', 'body_size trait reflect condition body development always mentioned breed described also target breeding_programme chicken several report focused body_size trait shank_length tibia_length bone trait however study carried chest_width chest_depth body slope length head width trait study genome_scan conducted resource_population individual family derived_intercross white_plymouth rock silkies fowl identify_quantitative trait locus qtl associated week_age total significant suggestive qtl found affected four body_size trait four qtl reached_significance level associated week_age affecting trait week_age related trait week_age trait week_age', 'performed quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis egg_production trait including age_first egg_afe egg_production rate epr measured every week_week hen age population hen derived_intercross japanese large game white_leghorn breed chicken simple interval_mapping revealed qtl afe chromosome four qtl epr chromosome three chromosome one chromosome level among three epr qtl chromosome two identified early stage egg_laying week hen age remaining one discovered late stage week the allele two epr qtl derived breed unexpectedly increased trait value irrespective inferior white_leghorn trait this_suggests one indigenous japanese breed untapped resource important improvement current elite commercial_laying chicken addition six epistatic qtl identified chromosome none qtl located this_first example detection epistatic qtl affecting egg_production trait the main epistatic qtl identified accounted_phenotypic variance the total contribution qtl detected trait phenotypic genetic_variance ranged respectively', 'previously quantitative_trait locus qtl affect body_weight week_age carcass_weight week_age mapped chicken chromosome after including marker individual confidence_interval narrowed approximately mbps located qtl near microsatellite_marker this qtl qtl bone trait including metatarsus length metatarsus circumference week_age keel length metatarsus claw weight_week age identified using population current_study individual northeast_agricultural university_resource population used polymorphism snp around developed construct_haplotype association analysis performed qtl the haplotype_constructed basis sliding three snp marker included the association analysis result_indicated haplotype significantly_associated bone trait suggested qtl bone trait located linkage_disequilibrium region the interval approximately kbps this region contained five refseq gene mlnr university california santa cruz website the gene selected candidate_gene five snp identified gene the association result_indicated gene major gene bone trait the snp gene might two quantitative_trait nucleotide bone trait', 'marek_disease virus_mdv highly contagious oncogenic alphaherpesvirus cause disease cancer model continuing threat world poultry_industry this comprehensive gene expression study analyzes host_response infection resistant_susceptible line chicken inherent expression difference two line following infection host novel pathogenicity mechanism involving downregulation gene containing transcription_factor binding_site early day postinfection suggested analysis drive antitumor mechanism suggesting mdv infection switch gene involved antitumor regulation several day expression mdv oncogene meq the comparison gene expression data previous qtl data identified several gene candidate involvement resistance one gene confirmed single_nucleotide polymorphism analysis involved susceptibility it precise mechanism remains elucidated although analysis gene expression data suggests role apoptosis understanding gene involved defining pathological mechanism disease give much greater ability try reduce_incidence virus costly poultry_industry term animal_welfare economics', 'natural antibody create crucial barrier initial step innate humoral immune_response the main role defense system bind pathogen early stage infection different pathogen recognized presence highly_conserved antigen determinant lipopolysaccharide lp bacteria lipoteichoic acid lta bacteria chicken different genetic background bind lp_lta antigen encoded different qtl the main_objective work confirm known qtl associated lp_lta for_purpose chicken reference_population created_crossing breed commercial layer white_leghorn polish indigenous_chicken partridgelike the chromosomal_region analyzed harbored ggaz the data_collected consisted titer_binding lp_lta determined elisa age well genotype short tandem_repeat marker average collected generation the analysis performed statistical_model paternal_maternal line cross linkage analysis linkage_disequilibrium implemented gridqtl software http the qtl study humoral_innate immune_response trait resulted confirmation qtl associated titer_binding lp located ggaz qtl associated titer_binding lta located set candidate_gene within region validated qtl proposed', 'present_study connected cross used map qtl classical fat trait well metabolic cytological trait pig the founder_breed chinese_meishan european_wild boar pietrain extent founder animal different cross the different selection history breed fatness trait well connectedness cross led high statistical_power the total number animal varied_depending trait the animal genotyped around genetic marker mostly microsatellites the statistical_model model accounted imprinting the model previously introduced plant breeding experiment the trait investigated backfat_depth fat area well relative number fat cell different size metabolic trait soluble protein content indicator level metabolic turnover dehydrogenase indicator enzyme activity the result revealed total significant qtl chromosome often overlap confidence_interval several trait these confidence_interval case remarkably small due high statistical_power design total qtl showed_significant imprinting_effect the small overlapping confidence_interval classical fatness trait well cytological metabolic trait enabled positional_functional candidate_gene identification several mapped qtl', 'association study milk_production trait milk_yield protein_yield fat_yield protein_percentage fat_percentage performed population braunvieh cattle five_hundred bull autosomal single_nucleotide polymorphism snp marker bos_taurus autosome_bta included analysis principal_component analysis conducted adjust effect population_stratification analyzed data_set for principal_component analysis relationship individual calculated three different criterion horn test kaiser criterion jolliffe criterion tested determine number significant principal_component estimation putative association snp milk_production trait carried_using linear_regression model software foundation statistical computing vienna austria significant principal_component adjusting population_stratification separately criterion family relationship genotype individual snp included_fixed effect model the inflation factor plot calculated compare different criterion deal stratification mapping population based analysis aforementioned criterion conclude jolliffe criterion deal best population_stratification furthermore significance_threshold given false_discovery rate estimated used specific trait three analyzed trait showed_significant association snp two snp effect milk_yield snp affected fat_yield snp associated fat percent single_nucleotide polymorphism identified study associated milk_production trait contribute mapping corresponding quantitative_trait locus investigation gene responsible polymorphism milk_production trait dairy_cattle described comparison different criterion determination significant principal_component provide important information similar study stratified population', 'resource_population constructed crossing pig duroc_pietrain breed study animal used identify_quantitative trait locus qtl affecting carcass meat_quality trait based result first scan analyzed model using microsatellite_marker animal chromosome selected genotyping additional marker twenty additional marker genotyped animal marker used first scan genotyped additional animal three different mendelian_model using qtl analysis applied second scan model model combined model significance_threshold determined false_discovery rate_fdr total qtl using model qtl using model additional qtl using combined model identified the model revealed strong_evidence qtl region carcass trait backfat meat_quality trait tenderness color respectively qtl dressing percent marbling_score moisture percent cie carcass length sparerib weight also significant additional marker animal genotype increased statistical_power qtl detection applying different analysis model allowed confirmation qtl detection new qtl', 'background growth_carcass trait great_economic importance livestock production large number quantitative_trait locus qtl identified growth_carcass trait porcine chromosome one key positional_candidate chromosomal_region transforming_growth factor beta type receptor this gene play_key role inherited disorder cardiovascular craniofacial neurocognitive skeletal development mammal result study polymorphic snp porcine gene identified university illinois yorkshire meishan_resource population three snp representing major polymorphic pattern snp individual illinois_population selected analysis qtl association genetic_diversity association analysis growth_carcass trait completed using three representative snp illinois_population individual large commercial population animal the result_indicate gene polymorphism significantly_associated growth_rate including average_daily gain_birth significant association also identified gene polymorphism carcass trait including illinois_population thickness_lean percentage muscle color commercial population these three snp also used genotype diverse panel animal representing pig breed allele fixed pietrain sinclair pig breed allele uniquely identified chinese_meishan pig strong_evidence association allele reproductive trait including gestation_length number_corpus lutea also observed illinois_population conclusion_this study give first evidence association porcine gene trait economic_importance provides support using marker pig breeding selection_program the genetic_diversity different pig breed would helpful understand_genetic background migration porcine gene', 'three single_nucleotide polymorphism snp porcine gene used association analysis haplotype_construction evaluate effect substitution four hundred three pig yorkshire berkshire breed used the mrna_expression level examined the snp significantly_associated several muscle_fiber characteristic loin_eye area lightness particularly animal site showed good performance lean_meat production meat_quality trait the result haplotype substitution similar association individual snp moreover snp significant effect mrna_expression therefore snp may meaningful dna marker used improving important porcine economic trait', 'background boar_taint undesirable smell taste pork meat derived entire male pig the main_cause boar_taint two compound_androstenone skatole the steroid androstenone sex pheromone produced testis boar skatole produced tryptophan bacteria intestine pig many_country pig castrated piglet avoid boar_taint however undesirable animal_welfare reason genetic_variation affecting level boar_taint previously demonstrated many breed study presented paper marker haplotype applied selection_scheme order_reduce eliminate boar_taint problem identified result approximately snp segregating boar three danish breed duroc_landrace yorkshire used_conduct genome_wide association study boar_taint compound suggestive quantitative_trait locus qtl haplotype three single marker effect identified furthermore haplotype mapped previously identified region haplotype also analysed effect slaughter weight meat content the promising haplotype identified sus_scrofa chromosome the gain fixed_effect haplotype level androstenone landrace identified high addition haplotype explained_phenotypic variation within trait the haplotype identified around gene known indirect impact amount androstenone addition gene candidate_gene haplotype affecting androstenone whereas candidate_gene indolic compound identified conclusion despite small sample_size total haplotype three single marker identified including genomic_region previously_reported the haplotype analysed showed large effect trait level however_little overlap qtl breed observed', 'association study performed reproductive trait commercial sow using beadchip bayesian statistical method the trait included total number_born tnb number_born alive_nba number_stillborn number mummified foetus birth mum gestation_length first three parity report association informative qtl gene within qtl reproductive trait different parity these_result provide_evidence gene effect temporal impact reproductive trait different parity many qtl identified study new pig reproductive trait around total gene located identified qtl region predicted involved placental function the genomic_region containing gene important foetal developmental uterine function associated tnb_nba first two parity similarly qtl foetal developmental hnrnpd ahr placental gene associated mum different parity the qtl gene related blood flow vegfa hematopoiesis mafb associated difference among sow population pathway analysis using gene within qtl identified modest underlying biological_pathway interesting_candidate nucleotide metabolism_pathway pig reproductive trait different parity further validation study large population warranted improve_understanding complex genetic_architecture pig reproductive trait', 'background lymphocyte act major component adaptive immune_system taking crucial responsibility immunity difference proportion subpopulation_peripheral blood among individual condition provide_evidence genetic control trait little_known genetic_mechanism especially_swine identification genetic control variant may_help genetic_improvement immune_capacity selection result identify_genomic region responsible immune trait swine association study conducted total pig three breed involved study day_age individual vaccinated modified_live classical_swine fever_vaccine blood_sample collected piglet day_age respectively seven trait including proportion ratio cell measured two age all sample genotyped single_nucleotide polymorphism snp using_illumina beadchip snp selected quality_control association test snp immune trait considered based regression_model tackle issue multiple_testing gwas permutation performed determine_significance level association test total snp significance_level snp significance_level identified significant snp located_within qtl region reported previous_study furthermore several significant snp fell_region harboring known gene fell_region harbor known gene conclusion_our study demonstrated association study would feasible way revealing potential genetics variant affecting subpopulation result herein lay preliminary foundation identifying_causal mutation_underlying swine immune_capacity study', 'trait complex economically_important livestock industry the_aim study identify_quantitative trait locus qtl associated positional_candidate gene affecting growth pig association study_gwas performed_using porcine polymorphism snp bead_chip model linear_regression approach used gwas the data used study included purebred landrace pig all_experimental animal genotyped snp located_throughout pig autosome identified strong association snp marker chromosome body_weight day_age bonferroni adjusted the snp marker located_near genomic_region containing encodes iroquois homeobox this snp marker could_useful selective_breeding program validating effect population', 'porcine reproductive_respiratory syndrome_prrs cause decreased reproductive_performance breeding animal increased respiratory problem growing animal result significant economic_loss swine_industry vaccination generally effective prevention prrs partially rapid mutation rate evolution virus the_objective current_study discover genetic_basis host_resistance susceptibility prrs_virus association study using data prrs host_genetics consortium project three group approximately commercial_crossbred pig breeding_company infected prrs_virus age blood_sample collected post_infection dpi pig genotyped_illumina porcine_beadchip analysis focused viremia day blood collected gain dpi dpi viral_load quantified area curve dpi heritabilities moderate litter accounted additional phenotypic_variation genomic_region associated found chromosome the region identified chromosome influenced exhibited strong_linkage disequilibrium explained genetic_variance despite genetic_correlation genomic ebv region favorably nearly perfectly correlated the favorable_allele significant snp region frequency estimated allele_substitution effect significant group snp fitted_fixed covariate model included random_polygenic effect overall estimate unit phenotypic phenotypic candidate_gene region include interferon induced protein gene family conclusion host_response experimental prrs_virus challenge strong genetic component qtl chromosome explains substantial_proportion genetic_variance studied population these_result could major impact swine_industry enabling selection reduce_impact prrs need_validated additional population', 'association mapping central part porcine chromosome harboring qtls carcass meat_quality trait performed snp located physical_map italian_large white pig for analyzed animal record estimated_breeding value average_daily gain_back fat_thickness lean cut ham_weight feed_conversion ratio phu cie cie cie drip_loss available significant qtl fat_deposition adjusted adjusted position qtl growth meatiness adjusted position mapped these_result association mapping much accurate linkage mapping facilitate_search position candidate_gene causative_mutation needed application marker marker_assisted selection', 'background the important parameter influencing technological quality pig meat trait affected environmental genetic factor several quantitative_trait locus associated meat described pigqtl database two gene influencing parameter far detected ryanodine receptor protein_kinase gamma_subunit search gene influencing meat analyzed genomic_region quantitative effect trait order detect snp use association study result the expressed sequence mapping porcine chromosome region associated pork searched silico find snp detected snp used genotype italian_large white pig perform_association analysis meat value recorded semimembranosus_muscle hour hour phu post result analysis showed marker mapping chromosome associated marker mapping chromosome associated phu after false_discovery rate_correction one snp mapping chromosome confirmed associated phu this polymorphism located two partly overlapping gene deoxyhypusine synthase dhps repeat_domain the overlapping allows mrna stability antisense transcript method regulation dhps catalyzes first_step hypusine formation unique amino_acid formed posttranslational modification protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor specific lysine residue important_role modulation cascade gene involved cellular hypoxia defense intensifying glycolytic pathway theoretically meat value conclusion the involvement snp detected gene meat phenotypic_variability functional role suggestive molecular biological_process related glycolysis increase phase this finding validation applied identify new biomarkers used improve pig meat_quality', 'many qtls fatness trait mapped pig chromosome various pig resource_population eight novel marker including seven snp one insertion deletion within ppard mdfi gnmt gene well two previously_reported snp gene genotyped large_white meishan pig breed except two snp gene allele_frequency eight marker highly_significant different chinese_indigenous meishan breed large_white pig breed eight polymorphic_site used linkage qtl mapping refine fatness qtl large_white meishan_resource population five significant qtls detected qtls leaf_fat weight backfat_thickness rib rump mean backfat_thickness narrowed_interval ppard gene qtl backfat_thickness gnmt gene', 'scan progeny broiler_layer cross conducted_identify quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting rate growth tail wing back_feather width breast_feather tract three week_age correlation trait ranged male longer tail wing feather shorter back_feather female breast_feather tract width greater female male qtl effect generally additive accounted sex average feather length breed breast_feather tract width positive_negative allele inherited line whereas layer allele larger broiler allele adjusting body_weight total suggestive qtl detected three week_age qtl located similar region qtl body_weight analysis model body_weight three week covariate identified genome significant suggestive qtl two coincident body_weight qtl one qtl feather length identified similar location unadjusted analysis the result_suggest rate feather growth largely_controlled body_weight qtl qtl specific feather growth also exist', 'background reproductive trait prolificacy great_interest pig_industry better_understanding genetic_architecture help increase efficiency pig productivity implementation marker_assisted selection_ma programme result the mucin gene evaluated candidate_gene prolificacy qtl described iberian_meishan intercross for association analysis two previously_described snp genotyped pig population qtl number_piglet born_alive nba total number_piglet born_tnb confirmed position respectively the gene successfully located_within confidence_interval qtl only polymorphism significantly_associated nba_tnb favourable effect coming meishan origin expression_level determined sow displaying extreme phenotype number embryo day gestation difference uterine expression found high_low prolificacy_sow overall expression high_prolificacy sow almost increased compared low prolificacy_sow conclusion_our data suggest could play_important role establishment optimal uterine environment would increase embryonic survival pig gestation', 'qtl analysis female_reproductive data experimental_cross meishan_large white pig breed presented six boar sow progeny large_white boar_meishan sow produced gilt whose reproductive_tract collected slaughter gestation five trait total weight reproductive_tract empty uterine_horn ovary wov embryo well length uterine_horn luh measured analyzed without adjustment litter_size animal genotyped total marker_covering entire porcine genome analysis carried based interval_mapping method using regression sib maximum_likelihood test total significant qtl detected different chromosome_ssc five significant qtl detected luh weight empty uterine_horn wov total weight reproductive_tract weight embryo additional suggestive qtl also detected the largest_effect obtained luh wov trait phenotypic_variance respectively meishan allele positive_negative effect trait investigated moreover qtl generally fixed founder_breed opposite effect case obtained different family although reproductive_tract characteristic moderate correlation reproductive_performance major qtl detected study previously_reported affecting female_reproduction generally reduced significance_level this_study thus show focusing trait high_heritability might_help detect locus involved low_heritability major trait breeding', 'phenotypic_variation milk_production trait described course lactation well different parity the_objective study_investigate whether variation production affected different locus across lactation association study_gwas using snp_chip conducted divergent german_holstein friesian_cow test association milk_production trait different lactation the first four lactation analysed regarding milk_yield fat protein_lactose milk_urea nitrogen yield content well somatic_cell score two approach used wilmink curve_parameter used ass genetic effect course lactation yield_deviation used normative approach gwas the significant effect largest marker affecting curve_parameter statistical_power detection even small design while significant marker yds detected study power_detect effect similar magnitude suggesting many locus may missed approach present design furthermore significant effect specific single lactation leading conclusion variance_explained certain locus change lactation lactation confirm common evidence production trait vary degree persistency peak result genetic influence', 'background increased disease_resistance improved general immune_capacity would_beneficial welfare productivity_farm animal lymphocyte_subpopulation peripheral_blood play_important role immune_capacity disease_resistance animal however_little research date focused quantitative_trait locus qtl lymphocyte_subpopulation peripheral_blood swine result study experimental animal consist piglet three different breed population identify qtl lymphocyte_subpopulation peripheral_blood swine proportion cell ratio cell measured individual challenge modified_live csf classical_swine fever_vaccine based combined data individual three breed population scanning qtl trait performed based variance_component model genome_wide significance_level declaring qtl determined via permutation_test well fdr false_discovery rate_correction total qtl two one three two nine two eight ratio identified significance_level fdr significant level fdr including five significant fdr conclusion within qtl region number known gene potential relationship studied trait may_serve candidate_gene trait our_finding herein helpful identification_causal gene underlying trait selection immune_capacity individual swine breeding future', 'background the association study_gwas useful approach identify gene affecting economically_important trait dairy_cattle here_report result gwas based snp genotype data estimated_breeding value nine production fertility body_conformation udder_health workability trait brown_swiss cattle population part international genomic_evaluation program result gwass performed_using snp_chip data deregressed_estimated breeding_value debvs nine trait bull part international genomic_evaluation program coordinated interbull center the nine trait milk_yield fat_yield protein_yield lactating_cow ability recycle calving crc angularity ang body depth bde stature sta milk somatic_cell score_sc milk speed msp analysis performed_using linear_mixed model correcting population confounding total snp detected significantly_associated one several nine analyzed trait the strongest_signal identified chromosome milk_production trait stature body depth other signal chromosome angularity chromosome somatic_cell score chromosome milking speed some signal overlapped earlier reported qtl similar trait cattle population located_close interesting_candidate gene worthy investigation conclusion_our study show international genetic_evaluation data useful resource identifying genetic factor influencing complex trait livestock several genome_wide significant association signal could identified brown_swiss population including major signal our_finding report several association plausible_candidate gene deserve exploration population molecular dissection explore potential economic_impact genetic_mechanism underlying production trait cattle', 'numerous quantitative_trait locus qtl loin_eye area identified linkage mapping study lack precise position hinders application pig breeding industry map qtl loin_eye area precise genomic_region conducted association study_gwas using_illumina beadchip four swine population pig laiwu_pig sutai_pig erhualian_pig total single_nucleotide polymorphism snp deposited seven chromosome associated loin_eye area identified surpassed significant threshold snp seven located pig four located laiwu_pig note identified qtl breed specific common qtl identified across four population study these_finding confirmed_previous qtl harboring candidate_gene growth_factor also identified novel candidate_gene far upstream element_binding protein myosin heavy chain myh family repeat guanylate kinase domain_containing lrguk our study contribute identification_causal mutation_underlying qtl improve knowledge complex genetic_architecture loin_eye area pig', 'considerable number fatness qtl identified growing_pig lack knowledge genetic_architecture trait gilt sow performed genome_scan iberian_meishan sow backfat_thickness day_age day conception day farrowing found one qtl highly_significant level suggestive level ten additional significant qtl found sow the location several qtl varied_depending growing reproductive status sow suggesting part genetic effect may temporal pattern phenotypic expression', 'background detection quantitative_trait locus qtls affecting meat_quality trait pig crucial design efficient selection_program initiate effort toward_identification underlying polymorphism the causative_mutation originally identified major effect meat characteristic used control overall qtl detection strategy diversely affected trait scale detected qtl effect report qtl detection scan including autosome pig meat_quality carcass_composition trait population female barrow resulting intercross pietrain large synthetic sire line our qtl detection design allowed comparison mutation effect seen qtls segregating low frequency independent qtl effect detected population excluding carrier mutation result large qtl effect detected absence mutation accounting_phenotypic variation loin colour redness phenotypic_variation glycolytic_potential detected significant qtls effect meat_quality trait significant qtls carcass_composition growth trait condition control analysis including mutation carrier mutation detected qtls highly_significant suggestive explained_phenotypic variance according trait conclusion_our result_suggest part muscle_development backfat_thickness effect commonly attributed mutation may consequence linkage independent qtls affecting trait the proportion variation explained significant qtls detected work close influence mutation least affected trait one order magnitude lower effect variance trait primarily affected causative_mutation this_suggests uncovering physiological trait directly affected genetic polymorphism would appropriate approach characterization qtls', 'this_study designed_investigate single_nucleotide polymorphism snp intron gene junmu white swine using the association polymorphism meat_quality trait also studied the cloning sequencing result_indicated polymorphism intron due point_mutation position giving genotype association analysis_indicated polymorphism significant effect marbling genotype higher_marbling difference significant polymorphism highly_significant effect intramuscular_fat imf_content higher higher significant conclusion drawn regarding trait immunoblot analysis level carried different genotype individual expression markedly reduced compared genotype thus may candidate_gene quantitative_trait gene associated meat_quality trait', 'previously performed genome_scan white_duroc erhualian population identified qtl strong effect longissimus_dorsi semimembranous muscle tissue time mode_inheritance qtl clarified also unclear whether observed qtl effect completely partially caused mutation gene major gene far known influence study effect gene meat_quality trait estimated association analysis two substitution found segregating population significantly affect total_glycogen meat respectively however excluded causative gene detected qtl based following reason gene located outside qtl confidence_interval substitution included_fixed effect qtl model qtl increased rather decreased iii favourable_allele qtl locus originated erhualian white_duroc founder respectively importantly qtl showed exclusive maternal expression differing mendelian_expression conclusion study first_report qtl distinct', 'the porcine snp database huge number snp snp mostly found computer procedure well characterized porcine public snp four commercial_pig breed one korean domestic breed korean_native pig knp using two dna_pool eight unrelated animal breed these snp gene covering_autosome breed confirmed public snp novel mutation snp thus totally variation found study variation snp found across five breed snp breed specific polymorphism according snp location gene sequence variation categorized snp intron coding snp synonymous snp snp the nucleotide substitution analysis snp revealed transition transversions remaining deletion insertion subsequently genotyped snp gene experimental knp landrace_cross sequenom_massarray system total trait including growth_carcass composition meat_quality analyzed phenotypic association test using snp gene minor_allele frequency_maf the association result showed five combination significant level rear_leg rear_leg hunter loin weight shearforce four level average_daily gain live_weight crude lipid ngef front leg lifr addition snp gene showing significant association trait detected level large number gene function enzyme transcription_factor signalling molecule considered genetic marker pig growth muscling ptprm fatness ptgis meat_quality trait lifr ngef eprs the snp gene reported may beneficial future marker_assisted selection breeding pig', 'background the elovl fatty_acid elongase elongase related novo lipogenesis catalyzes step elongation cycle controlling fatty_acid balance mammal located pig chromosome region qtl affecting palmitic_palmitoleic acid_composition previously detected using iberian_landrace intercross the main goal work qtl evaluate gene positional_candidate gene affecting percentage_palmitic palmitoleic fatty_acid pig methodology and principal finding the combination approach analysis allowed_identify main associated interval qtl gene identified selected positional_candidate gene polymorphism promoter_region highly associated percentage_palmitic palmitoleic_acid muscle backfat significant difference gene expression observed backfat animal classified genotype accordingly animal_carrying allele associated decrease gene expression presented increase fatty_acid content decrease elongation activity ratio muscle backfat furthermore snp association study relative expression_level backfat showed_strongest effect region gene located finally different potential genomic_region associated gene expression also identified gwas liver_muscle suggesting differential tissue regulation gene conclusion and significance our_result suggest potential_causal gene qtl analyzed subsequently controlling overall balance fatty_acid composition pig', 'using pcr inverse pcr technique obtained nucleotide sequence encompassing complete_coding sequence porcine insulin receptor substrate gene proximal promoter the amino_acid porcine protein deduced nucleotide sequence_share identity human posse domain number tyrosine phosphorylation motif human protein detected substitution promoter_region segregate meishan synonymous substitution coding_sequence allele present meishan linkage mapping placed gene position current linkage_map porcine chromosome association analysis performed animal generation meishan_large white cross showed snp highly significantly_associated backfat_depth snp also associated loin_depth the meishan allele increased back_fat depth decreased loin_depth considered positional_candidate gene least qtl located centromeric_region porcine chromosome', 'milk composition trait exhibit complex genetic_architecture small number major quantitative_trait locus qtl explaining large fraction genetic_variation numerous qtl minor effect order_identify qtl milk fat_percentage german population association study_gwas performed the study population_consisted bull genotype available snp phenotype form estimated_breeding value_ebv used highly_heritable trait variance approach used account population_stratification the gwas identified four major qtl region explaining ebv variance besides two previously known qtl within ghr respectively uncovered two additional qtl region encompassing respectively involved_lipid metabolism_mammal revealed polymorphism genotype five inferred entire study population two polymorphism affecting potential transcription_factor binding_site respectively highly significantly_associated ebv our_result provide_evidence alteration regulatory site important aspect genetic_variation complex trait cattle', 'scan quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting gastrointestinal_nematode resistance sheep completed using double_backcross population derived red_maasai dorper ewe bred ram this design provided_opportunity map potentially unique genetic_variation associated breed like red_maasai breed developed survive east african grazing condition parasite indicator phenotype blood packed_cell volume pcv faecal_egg count_fec collected weekly basis lamb single grazing challenge infected pasture the average last measurement fec avfec pcv avpcv along decline pcv challenge start end pcvd used_select lamb genotyping represented tail threshold phenotypic distribution marker genotype microsatellite locus covering_autosome scored corrected genoprob prior qxpak analysis included transformed avfec arcsine transformed pcv statistic significant qtl avfec avpcv detected four chromosome included novel avfec qtl chromosome would remained undetected without transformation method the significant avfec avpcv pcvd overlapped marker interval chromosome suggesting potential single causative_mutation remains unknown case favourable qtl allele always contributed red_maasai providing support idea future selection genetic_improvement production east africa rely marker linkage_disequilibrium qtl', 'pigmentation pattern allow differentiation cattle breed dominantly inherited white head characteristic animal fleckvieh breed however minority animal exhibit peculiar pigmentation surrounding eye ambilateral circumocular pigmentation acop area animal exposed increased solar ultraviolet radiation acop associated reduced susceptibility bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma boscc eye cancer eye cancer prevalent malignant tumour affecting cattle selection animal acop rapidly reduces incidence boscc identify_quantitative trait locus qtl underlying acop performed association study using single_nucleotide polymorphism snp the study population_consisted bull breed total progeny phenotype acop the proportion progeny acop used quantitative_trait high_heritability variance_component based approach account population_stratification uncovered twelve qtl region seven chromosome the identified qtl point kitlg kit atrn gsdmc mitf underlying gene eye_area pigmentation cattle the twelve qtl region explain phenotypic_variance proportion daughter acop the chromosome harbouring significantly_associated snp account phenotypic_variance another phenotypic_variance attributable chromosome without identified qtl thus missing heritability amount our_result support polygenic_inheritance pattern acop cattle provide_basis efficient genomic_selection animal le_susceptible serious eye disease', 'despite evidence genetic_predisposition develop equine sarcoids whole_genome scan_performed date the_objective explorative study identify chromosome region associated the studied population comprised two sire_family involving total horse horse affected all horse previously genotyped_microsatellite marker quantitative_trait locus qtl signal suggested statistic exceeded_significance the qtl analysis_revealed significant signal reaching equine chromosome_eca suggesting_polygenic character trait the candidate region identified eca include gene regulating virus replication host immune_response further_investigation chromosome region associated gene potentially responsible development could form basis early identification susceptible_animal breeding selection development new therapeutic target', 'osteochondrosis developmental_orthopaedic disease occurs horse livestock_specie companion animal specie human the principal aim_study identify_quantitative trait locus qtl associated osteochondritis dissecans_ocd thoroughbred using association study secondary objective test effect previously identified qtl current population over horse classified case_control according clinical finding genotyped_illumina equine_beadchip animal model first implemented order adjust horse phenotypic status average relatedness among horse potentially confounding factor present data the association test conducted residual animal model single snp chromosome found associated ocd level significance determined permutation according current sequence annotation snp located intergenic_region genome the effect snp representing qtl previously identified sample hanoverian_warmblood horse tested directly animal model when fitted alongside significant snp two snp found associated ocd confirmation putative qtl identified requires validation independent sample the result study suggest significant challenge faced equine researcher generation sufficiently large data_set effectively study complex disease osteochondrosis', 'association study osteochondrosis french trotter horse carried detect qtl using genotype data illumina_beadchip assay analysis data came sire_family french trotter horse progeny family size ranging genotype available progeny sire least progeny radiographic_data obtained progeny using least view reveal all radiographic finding described least veterinary expert equine orthopedics severity index score assigned based size location lesion trait used global score sum severity score lesion quantitative measurement presence absence fetlock_hock site data_analyzed using_mixed model including fixed_effect polygenic_effect snp haplotype cluster effect combining result method moderate evidence association threshold association study displayed region equus_caballus chromosome_eca eca eca one region eca represented significant_hit comparing qtl trait decreased threshold qtl detected associated qtl detected never another interesting result qtl found common', 'residual_feed intake_rfi complex trait economically_important livestock production however genetic biological_mechanism regulating rfi largely unknown pig therefore study_aimed identify single_nucleotide polymorphism snp candidate_gene biological_pathway involved regulating rfi using association_gwa pathway analysis total yorkshire_boar phenotype two different measure rfi genotypic_data used gwa_analysis performed_using univariate mixed_model snp found significantly_associated respectively several gene xin protein tetratricopeptide repeat_domain suppressor glucose autophagy associated receptor gpcr kinase protein gpcr fyve domain_containing identified putative candidate rfi based genomic location vicinity snp gene located_within kbp snp significantly_associated rfi subsequently used pathway analysis these analysis performed assigning gene biological_pathway testing association individual pathway rfi using fisher exact test metabolic_pathway significantly_associated rfis other biological_pathway regulating phagosome tight_junction olfactory transduction insulin secretion significantly_associated rfi trait relaxed threshold used these_result implied porcine rfi regulated multiple biological_mechanism although metabolic_process might important olfactory transduction pathway controlling perception feed via smell insulin pathway controlling food intake might important pathway rfi furthermore study revealed key gene genetic variant control feed_efficiency could_potentially useful genetic selection feed_efficient pig', 'background significant quantitative_trait locus qtl carcass_weight previously_mapped several chromosome japanese_black family two qtl narrowed region respectively recent_advance genomic tool allowed perform_association study_gwas cattle detect association general population estimate effect size here_performed gwas carcass_weight using japanese_black steer result significant association detected three chromosomal_region bovine_chromosome bta the associated single_nucleotide polymorphism snp bta linkage_disequilibrium snp encoding ncapg previously identified candidate quantitative_trait nucleotide contrast highly associated snp bta located centromeric previously identified region linkage_disequilibrium mapping led revision region within interval around associated snp targeted resequencing followed association analysis highlighted quantitative_trait nucleotide bovine stature intergenic_region the association bta accounted two snp beadchip corresponded simultaneously detected linkage analysis using family the allele_substitution effect per allele respectively conclusion the gwas revealed genetic_architecture underlying carcass_weight variation japanese_black cattle three major qtl accounted approximately genetic_variance', 'body_weight abdominal_fat trait chicken complex economically_important factor our objective identify_quantitative trait locus qtl responsible body_weight abdominal_fat trait broiler chicken the northeast_agricultural university_resource population_neaurp cross broiler sire baier layer dam measured body_weight abdominal_fat trait population total individual derived four family parent bird genotyped using fluorescent microsatellite_marker located chromosome linkage_map three chromosome constructed interval_mapping performed identify putative qtls nine qtl body_weight identified level qtl identified level phenotypic_variance explained qtl varied particular qtl region spanning associated body_weight week_age carcass_weight week_age first identified chromosome three qtls abdominal_fat trait identified level these qtls explained_phenotypic variance this information help direct prospective fine_mapping study facilitate identification underlying gene causal_mutation body_weight abdominal_fat trait', 'the_objective research detect bovine gene polymorphism analyze association body_measurement trait bmt animal sampled different chinese_indigenous cattle population the population included xuelong luxi_qinchuan jiaxian_red xianang nanyang blood_sample taken total female animal stratified age category month polymerase_chain strand_conformation polymorphism employed find single polymorphism nucleotide snp explore possible association bmt sequence analysis gene revealed snp total snp synonymous_mutation they showed genotype namely respectively snp missense_mutation leading change alanine threonine amino_acid showed three genotype namely analysis association polymorphism body_measurement trait three locus showed_significant effect bmt cattle population these_result suggest gene might potential effect body_measurement trait mentioned cattle population could_used selection', 'study genome_scan performed detect genomic locus affect fat_deposition white adipose_tissue muscle male reciprocal_cross genetically_phenotypically extreme inbred chicken line new_hampshire nhi white_leghorn highly_significant quantitative_trait locus qtl influencing fat_deposition white adipose_tissue found the peak qtl position different visceral subcutaneous white adipose_tissue located explained respectively phenotypic_variance contrary expectation qtl allele descending lean line led increased fat_deposition suggest transgressive action obesity allele genetic background line additional highly_significant locus subcutaneous adipose_tissue mass identified for intramuscular_fat content suggestive qtl located the analysed cross provide_valuable resource fine_mapping fatness gene subsequent gene discovery', 'background porcine fatty_acid composition key factor quality nutritive value pork several qtls fatty_acid composition reported diverse fat tissue the result obtained far seem point different genetic control fatty_acid composition conditional fat deposit those study conducted using simple approach focused one single tissue the first objective_present study identify qtls fatty_acid composition backfat intramuscular_fat combining linkage mapping gwas approach conducted single multitrait model second aim identify powerful candidate_gene qtls using microarray gene expression data following targeted genetical_genomics approach result the single model analysis linkage gwas revealed chromosomal_region identified first_time specifically associated content diverse fatty_acid imf respectively the analysis multitrait model allowed identifying first_time formal statistical approach seven different region pleiotropic_effect particular fatty_acid fat deposit the relevant found fatty_acid detected linkage gwas approach other detected pleiotropic region included one two one last one finally targeted eqtl scan focused region showing effect conducted longissimus fat gene expression data some powerful candidate_gene region identified transcription regulatory_element close gene studied conclusion complementary genome_scan confirmed several chromosome region previously associated fatty_acid composition backfat intramuscular_fat even identify new one although detected region supporting_hypothesis major part gene affecting fatty_acid composition differs among tissue seven chromosomal_region showed effect additional gene expression analysis_revealed powerful target region carry mutation responsible pleiotropic_effect', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl mapping susceptibility salmonella abortusovis vaccinal strain performed_using experimental_design involving romane sheep sire_family progeny nine qtl corresponding bacterial_load weight variation antibody_response criterion mapped eight chromosome including major_histocompatibility complex area chromosome surprisingly none found significant region formerly shown influence salmonella susceptibility specie', 'sheep internal parasite nematode remain major health challenge costly production_system most current breeding_programme nematode_resistance based indicator trait faecal_egg count_fec costly laborious collect hence genetic marker resistance would advantageous however although quantitative_trait locus qtl identified qtl often consistent_across breed breeding_strategy nematode_resistance sheep currently using molecular information study qtl nematode_resistance ovine_chromosome oar previously identified blackface breed explored using commercial suffolk_texel lamb sampled terminal sire breeder flock united_kingdom fec used indicator trait nematode_resistance counted separately nematodirus strongyles genus microsatellite_marker used map qtl data analysed using interval_mapping regression technique variance_component analysis qtl nematodirus strongyles fec found segregating chromosome significance_threshold suffolk_texel sheep nematodirus fec qtl segregating breed addition qtl growth trait also found segregating chromosome the confirmation fec qtl segregate position three widely used breed widens potential applicability purebred blackface suffolk_texel sheep benefit likely observed commercial_crossbred progeny', 'previous genome_scan conducted spanish_churra sheep identified significant quantitative_trait locus qtl milk_protein percentage chromosome marker the_aim study replicate result refine mapped position qtl accomplish goal analysed new family spanish_churra sheep including ewe different flock these animal genotyped_microsatellite marker mapping addition classical linkage analysis combined_linkage disequilibrium linkage analysis_ldla performed aim enhancing resolution qtl mapping the performed sheep population identified presence highly_significant qtl near marker exp the phenotypic_variance owing qtl two segregating family target qtl identified population qtl effect estimate the ldla identified qtl previous analysis high level statistical_significance narrowed confidence_interval region these_result confirm segregation previously identified qtl influence spanish_churra sheep future_research aim increase marker_density across refined analyse corresponding candidate_gene identify allelic_variant variant underlie genetic effect', 'genome_scan performed detect chromosomal_region affect egg_production trait reciprocal_cross two genetically_phenotypically extreme chicken line partially_inbred line new_hampshire nhi inbred_line white_leghorn the nhi line_selected high growth low egg_weight inbreeding the result showed highly_significant region chromosome multiple qtl egg_production trait this qtl region explained_phenotypic variance number egg egg_weight population respectively the egg_weight qtl effect dependent direction cross addition suggestive qtl egg_weight found chromosome number egg chromosome significant qtl affecting age_first egg mapped chromosome the difference_parental line highly_significant qtl effect chromosome support fine_mapping candidate_gene identification egg_production trait chicken', 'order_identify genetic factor influencing muscle weight carcass_composition chicken linkage analysis performed male reciprocal_cross extremely different inbred_line new_hampshire nhi white_leghorn the nhi line_selected high meat yield low egg_weight inbreeding highly_significant quantitative_trait locus qtl controlling body_weight weight carcass breast_muscle wing identified these genomic_region explained_phenotypic variance corresponding trait respectively additional highly_significant qtl weight mapped moreover significant qtl controlling body_weight found the data obtained study used increasing mapping_resolution subsequent gene targeting combining data cross qtl found', 'background previously_reported association study based bovine snp genotyping_array snp nominally_associated average_daily gain_adg also associated average_daily feed_intake adfi population crossbred beef_cattle the snp clustered region around draft sequence bovine_chromosome interval containing several positional_functional candidate_gene including bovine ncapg lcorl gene the goal present_study develop examine additional marker region optimize ability distinguish favorable_allele potential identify functional variation result animal original study genotyped snp within near gene boundary three candidate_gene sixteen marker locus displayed significant association adfi adg even stringent correction_multiple testing these marker evaluated effect meat carcass trait the allele associated higher adfi adg also associated higher hot_carcass weight hcw ribeye_area rea lower adjusted fat_thickness aft reduced set marker genotyped separate crossbred population including genetic contribution beef_cattle breed two marker located_within lcorl gene locus remained significant adg conclusion several marker within locus significantly_associated feed_intake body_weight gain phenotype these marker also associated hcw rea aft suggesting involved lean growth reduced fat_deposition additionally two marker significant adg validation population animal may robust prediction adg possibly correlated trait adfi across multiple breed population cattle', 'major objective poultry_industry increase meat production reduce carcass fatness mainly abdominal_fat information growth performance carcass_composition important selection leaner meat chicken enhance_understanding genetic_architecture underlying chemical composition chicken carcass population developed broiler_layer cross used map quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting protein fat water ash content chicken carcass two genetic model_applied qtl analysis model using regression_interval mapping method six significant five suggestive qtl mapped analysis four significant six suggestive qtl mapped analysis total eleven qtl mapped fat ether extract five protein four ash one water_content carcass using analysis study date reported qtl carcass chemical composition chicken some qtl mapped carcass fat_content match expected qtl region previously associated abdominal_fat different population novel qtl protein ash water_content carcass presented the result described also reinforce need fine_mapping perform analysis better_understand genetic_architecture trait', 'background numerous quantitative_trait locus qtl detected pig past year using microsatellite_marker however due_low density marker accuracy qtl location generally poor since dense genome coverage provided illumina_beadchip made_possible accurately map qtl using association study_gwas our objective perform gwas order_identify genomic_region corresponding haplotype associated production trait french large_white population pig method animal large_white pig sire genotyped using beadchip evaluated trait related feed_intake growth_carcass composition meat_quality snp_chip used gwas animal mixed_model included regression coefficient tested snp genomic kinship_matrix snp haplotype effect qtl region tested association phenotype following phase reconstruction based pig genome_assembly result qtl region identified autosome effect ranged phenotypic_standard deviation_unit feed_intake feed_efficiency four qtl carcass qtl meat_quality trait seven qtl the significant qtl region effect carcass chromosome meat_quality trait two region chromosome one region chromosome thirteen qtl region previously_described haplotype_block chromosome six snp identified displayed three distinct haplotype significant association evaluated meat_quality trait conclusion gwas analysis beadchip enabled detection qtl region affect feed_consumption carcass meat_quality trait population novel qtl the proportionally larger number qtl found meat_quality trait suggests specific opportunity improving trait pig genomic_selection', 'infectious_disease important problem animal breeder farmer government worldwide one approach reducing disease breed resistance this linkage study used cattle cross population genotyped_microsatellite marker_covering autosome search association phenotype bovine_respiratory syncytial virus brsv_specific concentration several vaccination region bovine genome influenced immune_response induced brsv vaccination identified well region associated clearance maternally derived brsv_specific antibody significant positive_correlation detected within trait across time negative_correlation time_point the whole_genome scan identified quantitative_trait locus qtl autosome many qtl associated thymus helper linked response especially week following vaccination however significant qtl reached_significance bta also week following vaccination all animal declining maternally derived brsv_specific antibody prior vaccination level brsv_specific antibody prior vaccination found polygenic control several qtl population subsequently immunised disease_virus peptide fmdv previous publication several qtl associated fmdv trait overlapping peak_position qtl current_study including qtl included bovine major_histocompatibility complex bola qtl suggesting gene underlying qtl may control response multiple antigen these_result lay groundwork future investigation identify gene underlying variation clearance maternal antibody_response vaccination', 'the behaviour beef_cattle important safety welfare stockman animal ten microsatellites spanning addition candidate_gene dopamine_receptor gene analysed german angus calf six sire included quantitative_trait locus qtl study basis three different behaviour test putative qtl score entering scale sce detected the fragment mapped distal region distal the result clearly indicate putative qtl proximal part candidate_gene distal_part play_important role_regulation temperament during study one sire detected blood chimera', 'dominance may important_source genetic_variance many trait dairy_cattle however nearly prediction model dairy_cattle included additive_effect limited number cow genotype phenotype the role dominance holstein_jersey breed investigated eight trait milk fat protein_yield productive_life daughter_pregnancy rate somatic_cell score fat percent protein percent additive_dominance variance_component estimated used_estimate additive_dominance effect single_nucleotide polymorphism snp the predictive_ability three model additive_dominance effect model additive_effect assessed using one procedure estimated dominance value another estimated dominance_deviation calculation dominance relationship_matrix different two method the third approach enlarged dataset including cow genotype probability derived using genotyped ancestor for yield trait dominance variance accounted total variance holstein_jersey respectively using dominance_deviation resulted smaller dominance larger additive variance estimate for trait dominance variance small breed for yield trait including additive_dominance effect fit data better including additive_effect average correlation estimated genetic effect phenotype showed prediction_accuracy increased effect rather additive_effect included corresponding gain prediction_ability found trait including cow derived genotype probability genotyped ancestor improve prediction_accuracy the largest additive_effect located chromosome near yield trait breed snp also showed largest dominance_effect fat_yield breed well holstein milk_yield', 'background contemporary dairy breeding goal broadened include along milk_production trait number trait effort improve overall functionality dairy_cow increased indirect selection resistance mastitis one important disease dairy sector via selection reduced somatic_cell count part broadened goal number association study identified genetic variant associated milk_production trait mastitis_resistance however majority study based animal predominantly kept confinement fed diet production_system this association study aim detect association using genotypic phenotypic_data irish cattle fed predominantly grazed grass production_system result significant association detected milk_yield fat_yield protein_yield fat_percentage protein_percentage somatic_cell score using separate frequentist bayesian_approach these association detected using two separate population sire cow total association detected sire using single snp regression_bayesian method respectively there association common sire cow across trait well detecting association within known qtl region number novel association detected notable region chromosome associated milk_yield population sire conclusion total novel snp detected sire using single snp regression_approach although obvious_candidate gene may initially forthcoming study_provides preliminary framework upon identify_causal mechanism_underlying various milk_production trait somatic_cell score consequently deepen understanding trait expressed', 'beef yellow fat considered undesirable consumer european asian market major carotenoid deposited adipose_tissue milk fat cattle bos_taurus result yellowness the effect retinal dehydrogenase reductase considered jointly major candidate_gene causing yellow fat colour based genomic location fat colour quantitative_trait locus qtl role metabolism secondary pathway cleaves retinoic acid potent form vitamin convert le active form vitamin evaluated effect two amino_acid variant gene along mutation gene result stop_codon seven cattle population the genotype affected several fat colour trait size effect varied population studied the genotype effect variant observed new_zealand sample unknown breed general individual effect snp genotype greater random new_zealand sample sample pedigreed backcross_progeny accounting variance one population epistasis variant observed population explained variation effect individual variant', 'parallel association study performed two independent cattle population based validated targeted single_nucleotide polymorphism snp four microsatellite_marker multiple quantitative_trait locus qtl architecture milk performance bovine_chromosome two distinct qtl located_vicinity middle region differing unambiguously regarding effect milk composition yield trait validated german_holstein population highly_significant association protein variant milk composition trait reconfirmed causative molecular relevance gene qtl region whereas qtl region significant tentative_association gene variant located promoter_region exon gene milk_yield trait detected for german_fleckvieh population showed tentative_association milk_yield trait whereas locus significant effect german_holstein showed fixed allele even_though new data highlight two variant gene qtl region based result study currently unequivocal conclusion causal background qtl affecting milk_yield trait drawn notably german_holstein fleckvieh population known divergent degree dairy type differ substantially allele_frequency ncapg locus', 'backfat_thickness affect preservation beef carcass slaughter confers organoleptic characteristic assessed consumer one breeding goal canchim tropically adapted breed comprehensively increase fat_thickness our goal identify_genomic region associated backfat canchim population validate association single_nucleotide polymorphism snp overlapping previously identified qtl region known affect fat_deposition fifteen animal lower animal higher residue backfat according linear_model using sa glm_procedure selected population animal genotyped using beadchip initial analysis_revealed snp discriminated tail phenotypic distribution one extended region association included centromeric_region chromosome chr because region overlapped qtl previous_report developed snp assay interrogate two linkage_disequilibrium block one centromeric_region another middle region chr confirm association the analysis validated presence specific haplotype affecting fat_thickness', 'previous analysis charolais_holstein cross population identified presence highly_significant qtl chromosome affecting proportion bone carcass two closely_linked qtl affected birth_weight body_length birth bbl report marker_density around qtl increased adding four additional microsatellite_marker across chromosome snp within target qtl confidence_interval snp positional_candidate gene remaining provided even distribution marker target qtl region trait sum bone weight left hindquarter joint carcass analysed also studied bbl analysis data substantially reduced qtl confidence_interval strong_evidence found qtl three trait studied different conclude result consistent single pleiotropic qtl influencing three trait largest_effect proportion bone carcass the analysis also suggest none snp tested sole causative_variant qtl effect specifically snp ncapg gene previously_reported causal_mutation foetal growth_carcass trait cattle population excluded causal_mutation qtl reported polymorphism located previously identified candidate_gene including ibsp mepe also excluded the result_suggest polymorphism strongest linkage_disequilibrium causal_mutation further_research required identify_causal variant associated qtl', 'performed association study shear_force wbsf measure meat_tenderness genotyping animal five breed putative polymorphism snp within hugo nomenclature calpain large subunit calpastatin_cast analysis estimated snp allele_substitution effect as genomic_best linear_unbiased prediction_gblup variance_component restricted_maximum likelihood animal model incorporating genomic relationship_matrix gblup estimate as analysis moderately correlated individual analysis indicating prediction_equation molecular estimate breeding_value developed analysis effective genomic_selection within breed identified genomic_region associated wbsf least three breed eight detected five breed suggesting analysis underpowered different quantitative_trait locus qtl underlie_variation breed snp density insufficient detect common qtl among breed analysis followed cast strongly_associated wbsf qtl association detected five breed show none four commercialized cast snp diagnostics causal association wbsf putatively causal_mutation region estimate variation cast explains_phenotypic variation wbsf respectively', 'supernumerary_teat hyperthelia snts common abnormality bovine udder medium high_heritability postulated oligogenic polygenic_inheritance pattern snts negatively_affect machine milking ability also act reservoir bacteria association study carried identify gene involved_development snts fleckvieh breed total bull genotyped single_nucleotide polymorphism daughter_yield deviation dyds clearness used phenotype massive structuring study population accounted principal_component mixed approach four locus significantly_associated dyd three associated region contain gene highly_conserved wnt signalling pathway the four qtl together account variance dyd whereas major fraction dyd variance attributable chromosome identified qtl our_result support oligogenic polygenic_inheritance pattern snts cattle the identified candidate_gene permit insight_genetic architecture teat malformation cattle provide clue unravel molecular_mechanism mammary_gland alteration cattle specie', 'the_objective study identify association known polymorphism gene related adipose_tissue sexual_precocity nellore_cattle total precocious heifer belonging farm participating conexão delta breeding_program studied snp illumina_bovine snp beadchip used this chip contains snp located_within region candidate_gene distance considering linkage_disequilibrium exists distance linear_model used statistical_analysis the fastphase genomestudio program used haplotype reconstruction analysis based statistic candidate_gene snp analyzed among latter snp formed haplotype remaining snp studied separately statistical_analysis showed three haplotype one haplotype consisting two snp located gene two haplotype consisting four two snp located gene significant effect sexual_precocity concluded gene influence sexual_precocity may therefore used selection_program designed improve sexual_precocity nellore_cattle', 'displacement abomasum_lda common disease many dairy_cattle breed screen qtl lda_german holstein_cow indicated motilin mln candidate_gene bovine_chromosome genomic dna sequence analysis mln revealed total polymorphism all informative polymorphism used association analysis random sample cow confirmed mln candidate lda single_nucleotide polymorphism located_within first exon bovine mln affect transcription_factor binding_site showed_significant association allele allele genotype lda expression study gave evidence significantly decreased mln expression cow carrying mutant_allele individual heterozygous homozygous mutation mln expression decreased relative wildtype may therefore play_role bovine lda via motility abomasum this mln snp appears useful reduce_incidence lda_german holstein_cattle provides first_step towards deeper understanding_genetics lda', 'ovulation_rate important component litter_size mutation gene underlying qtl yet identified pig marker within qtl genotyped three white composite line_selected ten generation increased uterine capacity one line unselected control number_corpus lutea_number fully formed fetus collected approximately day gestation well ovary weight uterine length uterine weight measurement age generation female three line six microsatellites ten single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genotyped pig line generation the allele_frequency different line compared control line significant association additive_effect detected additive genotypic effect approached significance marker haplotyping identified significant additive association haplotype these marker also associated haplotype haplotype this_study verifies qtl however based data concluded may two gene controlling', 'background ear_size shape distinct conformation characteristic pig breed previously identified significant quantitative_trait locus qtl influencing ear surface pig chromosome white resource_population this qtl explained_phenotypic variance method four new marker pig chromosome genotyped across population performed obtain expression profile different candidate_gene ear_tissue standard association test association test test applied determine effect single_nucleotide polymorphism snp ear_size three synthetic commercial_line also used association test result refined qtl interval identified three positional_candidate gene pthlh expressed ear_tissue seven snp within three candidate_gene selected genotyped population seven snp snp showed_strongest association ear_size standard association test association test with test value decreased genotype included_fixed effect furthermore significant association ear_size also demonstrated synthetic commercial sutai_pig line the association test showed phenotypic_variance explained similar explained qtl much_higher level more interestingly also located_within dog orthologous chromosome region shown associated ear type size conclusion closest_gene potential functional effect qtl marker ear_size chromosome this_study contribute identify_causative gene mutation_underlying qtl', 'the desaturase_scd gene candidate_gene fatty_acid composition located pig region quantitative_trait locus qtl fatty_acid composition previously detected duroc_purebred population the_objective present_study fine_map qtl identify polymorphism pig scd_gene examine effect scd polymorphism fatty_acid composition_melting point fat population the pig examined fatty_acid composition_melting point inner outer subcutaneous_fat intramuscular_fat number pig examined two snp identified promoter_region scd_gene completely_linked pig base generation pig microsatellite_marker scd haplotype genotyped different statistical_model applied evaluate effect qtl possible_causality scd_gene variant respect qtl the result_show significant qtl melting_point fat detected region located_near scd_gene the result also show significant association scd haplotype fatty_acid composition fat melting_point population these_result indicate haplotype scd_gene strong effect fatty_acid composition_melting point fat', 'the reduction extra subcutaneous intermuscular abdominal_fat important increase carcass lean percentage pig image_analysis fat area_ratio effective estimation separated fat pig carcass serum_concentration leptin useful physiological predictor fat accumulation pig the_objective present_study perform quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis fat area_ratio serum_leptin concentration duroc_purebred population pig measured fat area_ratio carcass fifth sixth thoracic_vertebra half body_length last thoracic_vertebra using image_analysis system serum_leptin concentration total animal genotyped marker used qtl analysis for fat area_ratio four significant suggestive qtls detected chromosome significant qtls detected region chromosome located_near leptin_receptor gene for serum_leptin concentration two significant two suggestive qtls detected chromosome qtls chromosome also region fat area_ratio', 'growth_fatness economically_important trait pig study genome_scan performed detect_quantitative trait locus qtl growth_fatness trait related body_weight backfat_thickness fat weight white_duroc erhualian_intercross total significant qtl mapped chromosome the significant qtl found pig chromosome_ssc fatness unexpectedly small_confidence interval providing excellent starting_point identify_causal variant common qtl fatness growth trait found shared qtl fat_deposition detected analysis qtl body_weight six growth stage revealed continuously significant effect qtl fattening period expression qtl foetus fattening stage for fatness trait chinese_erhualian allele associated increased fat_deposition except major qtl for growth trait white_duroc allele enhanced growth_rate except three significant qtl the result confirmed many previously_reported qtl also detected novel qtl revealing complexity genetic_basis growth_fatness pig', 'the number_vertebra associated body_size meat production pig identify_quantitative trait locus qtl number_vertebra phenotypic value measured individual white_duroc chinese_erhualian intercross population whole_genome scan_performed microsatellite_marker population four significant qtl eight significant qtl number_vertebra identified pig chromosome_ssc the significant qtl detected confidence_interval explaining_phenotypic variance thoracic vertebral_number the significant qtl confirmed_previous report panel animal representing seven western chinese breed genotyped_microsatellite marker qtl region obvious selective_sweep effect observed tested breed indicating intensive_selection enlarged body_size western_commercial breed wipe genetic_variability qtl region the allele increased vertebral_number originated chinese_erhualian white_duroc founder animal haplotype_block approximately found shared chromosome sire except one distinct chromosome the critical region harbour newly_reported vrtn gene associated vertebral_number further_investigation required_confirm whether vrtn two positional_candidate gene fo cause qtl effect', 'respiratory_disease important health concern swine_industry genetic_improvement disease_resistance challenging difficulty obtaining good phenotype related disease_resistance however identification gene marker associated disease_resistance help genetic_improvement pig health the_purpose study_investigate whether quantitative_trait locus qtl associated disease_resistance segregated purebred_population landrace pig selected meat production trait mycoplasmal pneumonia swine mp_score five generation analysed pig base fifth generation population two respiratory_disease trait mp_score atrophic rhinitis score trait measured animal week_age animal body_weight reached each pig except sire base population genotyped using microsatellite_marker qtl analysis family population pedigree structure performed variance_component analysis used detect qtl associated mp_score logarithm_odds lod_score genotypic heritability qtl estimated five significant lod suggestive lod qtl respiratory_disease trait trait detected the significant qtl score located scrofa_chromosome could explain genetic_variance score analysis this_first report qtl associated respiratory_disease lesion', 'pork_quality economically_important trait one main selection criterion breeding swine_industry association study_gwas pig porcine large_white minzhu intercross population genotyped using_illumina beadchip phenotyped intramuscular_fat content_imf marbling moisture color_color color_color score longissimus_muscle association test trait snp performed via genome_wide rapid_association using_mixed model control approach from ensembl porcine database snp annotation_implemented using sus_scrofa build total snp showed_significant association one multiple meat_quality trait snp located these significantly_associated snp aligned close approximation previously_reported quantitative_trait locus qtl located_within intron previously_reported candidate_gene two haplotype_block detected significant region the first block contained gene snp within intron gene significantly_associated five meat_quality trait the present result effectively narrowed associated region compared_previous qtl study revealed haplotype candidate_gene meat_quality trait pig', 'reproductive_efficiency great_impact economic_success pork sus_scrofa production number_born alive_nba average piglet birth_weight abw contribute greatly reproductive_efficiency better_understand underlying_genetics birth trait association study_gwas undertaken sample dna collected tested using_illumina beadchip first_parity gilt trait included total number_born tnb_nba number_born dead nbd number_stillborn nsb number mummy mum total litter birth_weight lbw abw total snp tested using_bayesian approach beginning first snp ending last snp sscx snp assigned group consecutive snp order analyzed using_bayesian approach from analysis group selected overlap another group overlap across chromosome these selected group defined qtl available qtl found_statistically significant multiple_testing considered using probability false_positive eleven qtl found tnb statistical testing nba identified qtl single nbd qtl found qtl identified nsb mum qtl found lbw total qtl found abw several candidate_gene identified overlap qtl location among tnb_nba nbd abw these qtl combined information gene found region provide_useful information could_used marker_assisted selection marker_assisted management genomic_selection application commercial_pig population', 'african animal trypanosomosis parasitic blood disease transmitted tsetse fly widespread africa west african taurine_breed ability known trypanotolerance limit parasitaemia anaemia remain productive enzootic area several quantitative_trait locus qtl underlying trait related trypanotolerance identified experimentally_infected population resulting cross taurine_zebu cattle although information highly valuable qtl remain confirmed population subjected natural condition_infection corresponding region need refined study west african cattle phenotyped packed_cell volume control natural condition_infection burkina faso phenotype assessed analysing data previous cattle monitored year area enzootic trypanosomosis genotyped_microsatellite marker mapping within four previously_reported qtl these data enabled estimate_heritability phenotype using kinship_matrix individual computed genotyping data thus depending estimator considered method used heritability anaemia control ranged finally analysis association identified allele marker strongly_associated anaemia control candidate_gene inhba close marker', 'colostrum intake critical piglet_survival measured precipitating serum ammonium sulfate immunocrit genetic analysis immunocrits piglet indicated heritabilities direct_maternal effect respectively identify qtl direct genetic effect piglet highest lowest immunocrits litter selected six set dna_pool created based sire litter these dna_pool applied illumina_porcine beadchips normalized value analyzed three different snp selection method used deviation mean high_low pool deviation adjusted variance based binomial theory anova the highest ranking snp selected evaluation study along region selected based window approach selected snp individually genotyped piglet included pool well piglet intermediate immunocrits association analysis conducted fitting animal model using estimated genetic_parameter nineteen snp nominally_associated immunocrit value nine remained significant bonferroni_correction located genomic_region chromosome conclusion pooling strategy reduced cost scan genome identified genomic_region associated piglet ability acquire colostrum each method rank snp pooled analysis contributed unique validated marker suggesting multiple analysis reveal qtl single analysis', 'fine_mapping quantitative_trait locus qtl ultrasound measurement carcass_merit trait collected hybrid steer conducted using snp marker_covering entire genome these snp marker evaluated using_bayesian shrinkage_estimation method empirical critical significant threshold_determined permutation based permuted datasets trait control type error_rate the analysis identified total qtls seven ultrasound_measure trait including ultrasound_backfat ultrasound marbling ultrasound ribeye_area qtls seven carcass_merit trait carcass_weight grade fat average_backfat ribeye_area lean_meat yield marbling yield_grade proportion_phenotypic variance accounted single qtl ranged mean ultrasound_backfat carcass marbling cmar score proportion_phenotypic variance accounted significant qtl identified single trait ranged carcass_weight cmar', 'ten evolutionary conservative sequence high identity level homological sequence mammal specie revealed region casein gene cluster five novel snp located inside evolutionary conservative region identified the binding_site revealed present one allelic_variant four detected snp snp considered rsnps significant difference allelic_frequency revealed beef cow group dairy_cow group two rsnps different allele two rsnps shown associated milk performance trait holstein_dairy cow significant difference protein_percentage found cow genotype genotype polymorphism the group animal genotype polymorphism significantly different milk_yield first lactation milk fat_yield milk_protein yield for last trait difference significant also cow genotype rsnp', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis wool trait experimental data merino_sheep presented total animal distributed family genotyped_microsatellite marker four ovine_chromosome the marker_covering densely spaced average_distance respectively body_weight wool trait measured first_second shearing analysis conducted three hypothesis single qtl controlling single trait multimarker_regression model two linked qtls_controlling single trait using maximum_likelihood technique iii single qtl controlling one trait also using maximum_likelihood technique one qtl identified several wool trait average curvature fibre first_second shearing clean_wool yield measured second_shearing weight staple strength first shearing coefficient_variation fibre diameter second_shearing addition one qtl detected affecting weight measured second_shearing the result single trait method hypothesis showed additional qtl segregating greasy fleece weight first shearing clean_wool yield trait second_shearing pleiotropic qtls_controlling one trait found clean_wool yield average curvature fibre clean greasy fleece weightand staple length measured second_shearing', 'this association study_aimed identify locus associated somatic_cell score lascs standard_deviation somatic_cell score one first study_combine detailed phenotypic genotypic cow data research dairy_herd located different country the combined data_set contained individual per lactation thereby aimed capture temporary increase somatic_cell score associated infection phenotypic_data analysis consisted record_cow genotypic_data consisted single_nucleotide polymorphism snp using animal model association individual snp phenotypic_data estimated account risk false_positive false_discovery rate threshold set the analysis showed lascs significantly_associated snp bos_taurus autosome_bta snp likewise associated snp addition significantly_associated snp relatively association found suggesting lascs controlled_multiple locus distributed_across genome relatively_small effect increased knowledge genetic regulation lascs may aid identification gene play_role mastitis_resistance such knowledge help understand_genetic mechanism leading mastitis discovery target mastitis therapeutic', 'loinmax quantitative_trait locus qtl found segregated australian poll_dorset sheep map distal_end sheep chromosome reported increase musculus_longissimus dorsi area weight respectively the_aim study comprehensively evaluate direct effect genetic background typical stratified structure sheep industry recommended use united_kingdom crossbred_lamb either carrying single copy produced scottish mule ewe bluefaced leicester scottish_blackface artificially inseminated semen two poll_dorset ram heterozygous unexpectedly one ram also heterozygous qtl affect overall carcass muscling this accounted nesting status carrier within sire statistical_analysis lamb weighed scanned_using computed tomography average age_day ultrasound scan measurement along lamb weight taken average age_day lamb slaughtered_carcass weighed classified fat cover conformation_score based meat livestock commission mlc carcass classification scheme scanned_using video image_analysis via_system longissimus_lumborum mll width measured scanning greater lamb heterozygous compared mll carrier_lamb also significantly deeper measured ultrasound muscle_depth third lumbar_vertebra scanning fifth lumbar_vertebra consequently mll area measured using scanning significantly_higher lamb_carrying single copy compared additional trait measured leg_muscle dimension average muscle density tissue proportion significantly affected significantly affect total carcass lean_fat weight mlc conformation fat score classification using previously derived algorithm via could detect significant effect predicted weight saleable meat yield loin primal_cut primal_cut total carcass', 'quantitative_trait locus qtl increased loin muscularity previously identified purebred texel_sheep crossbred_lamb born mule ewe mated heterozygous texel sire evaluated range carcass trait lamb genotyped classified carrier single copy study effect carcass attribute investigated using subjective classification score conformation fatness measurement video image_analysis via_system addition refined prediction_equation estimate weight primal joint leg chump loin breast shoulder obtained calibrating via_system computer tomography measurement loin region the new refined prediction model increased accuracy_prediction primal_cut average compared previously derived standard via_prediction equation the coefficient determination via_system predict vivo measurement ranged measurement musculus_longissimus lumborum mll area width depth lumbar spine length loin_muscle volume loin muscularity index using via estimate loin_muscle trait significant increase depth mll found associated conformation fatness score shape carcass measured individual length_width area via significantly influenced primal meat yield estimated using standard refined via_prediction equation significantly affected however carcass found significantly increased carrier_lamb the weight dissected mll estimated using via information greater carrier compared conclude neither current industry carcass evaluation system conformation fatness standard via_system able_identify effect loin region moment however calibration via_system measurement resulted improved via_prediction equation primal meat yield also showed_moderate potential estimate loin_muscle trait measured detect partially effect trait', 'genomic imprinting important epigenetic phenomenon phenotypic level detected difference two heterozygote class gene imprinted gene important development placenta embryo hypothesized imprinted gene might_involved female_fertility trait therefore performed association study imprinted gene related female_fertility trait two commercial_pig population for_purpose snp fifteen evolutionary conserved imprinted region genotyped pig two pig population single snp association study used detect additive_dominant imprinting_effect related four reproduction trait total number_piglet born number_piglet born_alive total weight piglet_born total weight piglet_born alive several snp showed_significant additive_dominant effect one snp showed_significant imprinting_effect the snp significant imprinting_effect closely_linked gene involved thyroid metabolism the imprinting_effect snp explained approximately phenotypic_variance corresponded approximately additive_genetic variance population imprinting_effect qtl significant similar effect first population the result study indicate_possible association imprinted gene female_fertility trait pig', 'the_aim present_study identify polymorphism analyze endometrial gene expression porcine itih cluster could explain difference_prolificacy sow derived iberian intercross qtl number_piglet born_alive nba total number_piglet born_tnb previously detected chromosome sequencing mrna done several polymorphism segregating within population found three gene significant association nba found two snp four four snp haplotype significant snp calculated segregation analysis marker_assisted association test indicated allele coming meishan breed favorable effect nba three gene interestingly significant snp located_within von willebrand domain itih protein binding_site molecule essential synthesis extracellular matrix cumulus expansion gene expression analysis also revealed difference expression_level gene regarding prolificacy performance high_low uterus sample apical basal', 'female hormone fsh target fsh receptor fshr expressed granulose cell inducing maturation ovarian_follicle hypothesized genetic variant fshr gene influence litter_size affecting number_corpus lutea region sus_scrofa chromosome contains quantitative_trait locus corpus_lutea polymorphism detected exon_flanking region porcine fshr gene positional_candidate statistically_significant quantitative_trait locus finally animal duroc meishan cross genotyped three fshr snp position correlated phenotype litter_size corpus luteum number three haplotype identified population haplotype associated greater number_corpus lutea also seemed associated increased litter_size although association significant some polymorphism resulting_amino acid substitution gene excluded polymorphism possibly responsible number_corpus lutea', 'gestation_length maternal_ability important improve sow reproduction efficiency offspring survival map quantitative_trait locus qtl gestation_length maternal_ability related trait including piglet_survival rate average body_weight piglet_weaning sow white_duroc erhualian_resource population phenotyped scan_performed microsatellite_marker covering_whole pig genome qtl analysis carried_using composite regression_interval mapping method via qtl_express the result showed total number_born piglet significantly_correlated gestation_length three qtl detected pig chromosome_ssc gestation_length the qtl achieved significant level qtl consistent_previous report four suggestive qtl identified maternal_ability related trait including qtl survival_rate piglet_weaning qtl average body_weight piglet_weaning', 'enterotoxigenic_escherichia coli_etec major cause diarrhoea neonatal postweaning pig one etec fimbria adhere small intestinal epithelium lead development diarrhoea the genetic_architecture susceptibility_etec remains elusive pig study determined vitro adhesion_phenotype etec total animal white_duroc erhualian_intercross performed genome_scan using analysis microsatellite_marker detect_quantitative trait locus qtl porcine susceptibility_etec the two analysis consistently revealed significant qtl pig chromosome moreover determined adhesion_phenotype purebred erhualian white_duroc pig the result showed founder_breed segregating adhesion_phenotype le percentage erhualian_pig adhesive etec compared white_duroc pig', 'adipocyte_size number correlated fat_deposition major concern human_health pork_producer identify_quantitative trait locus qtl adipocyte_size number pig total animal day white_duroc erhualian_cross measured area perimeter volume number adipocyte abdominal_fat genome_scan performed animal parent_grandparent microsatellite_marker spanning pig genome five chromosomal_region showed effect trait measured predominantly adipocyte_size pig chromosome_ssc neither qtl reported study the qtl adipocyte_size detected study perfectly correspond_previously reported qtl fatness trait the significant association evidenced locus favorable_allele decreasing adipocyte_size unusually originated obese erhualian breed only suggestive qtl detected adipocyte number the result shed_new light understanding_genetic basis fatness trait pig', 'used_analyze polymorphism lep gene swine breed composite swine breed yorkshire landrace meishan bamei the association study polymorphism several economic trait carried population the result obtained showed genotype effect average_backfat thickness_lean meat percentage locus animal genotype lower test daily_gain genotype locus lean_meat percentage individual genotype higher genotype linkage_disequilibrium analysis among lep revealed gene independent this represented two gene could combined together within one genotype order facilitate breeding objective trait addition method allowing simultaneous_detection fragment lep gene developed', 'report complete_genome scan quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting milk_protein percentage italian cattle population applying selective_dna pooling strategy daughter_design ten sire chosen sire daughter high_low tail estimated_breeding value used_construct milk dna_pool sire pool genotyped dinucleotide microsatellites_covering cattle autosome sire marker allele_frequency pool obtained shadow correction peak height electropherograms after_quality control pool data eight sire used subsequent analysis the qtl heterozygosity estimate lower similar study cattle population multiple marker mapping identified qtl located chromosome the sire also genotyped seven polymorphic_site six candidate_gene casein kappa ghr prlr located_within qtl region found study the result confirmed excluded involvement analysed marker causative polymorphic_site identified qtl the qtl identified combined genotype data candidate_gene help identify_quantitative trait gene clarify complex qtl pattern observed chromosome overall result consistent italian_holstein population selection high', 'this_study aimed search new genetic variant bovine gene molecular_marker meat_quality carcass trait analysis_revealed three snp located nucleotide position identified based genbank_accession number sequence analysis_revealed snp located_intron exon showing allele_frequency respectively genetic_variability heterozygosity polymorphic information content_pic estimated locus respectively snp located exon characterized associated desirable increase marbling_score meat_quality grade hanwoo the statistical_analysis revealed additive_effect genotype snp significantly greater genotype trait these_finding suggest snp useful candidate locus maximize economic benefit cattle population', 'several quantitative_trait locus qtl different meat_quality trait localized arm_porcine chromosome position association analysis performed commercial landrace lce crossbred population slaughtered approximately average age_day record performance growth fat meat accretion meat_quality intramuscular_fat imf minolta minolta minolta polymorphism within positional_candidate gene cloned homologous region human chromosome resistin causing substitution insulin receptor complement factor adipsin located position respectively current usda usmarc map porcine chromosome following allele_frequency lce retn insr cfd the effect allele within candidate_gene recorded trait estimated using animal model significant effect found semimembranosus imf retn minolta retn cfd difference phenotypic mean homozygote retn either retn cfd explained imf minolta respectively suggestive effect imf cfd minolta insr cfd minolta insr also observed our_result support localization qtl meat_quality trait region suggest several gene affecting different meat_quality trait', 'candidate_gene analysis quantitative_trait locus mapping outbreed experimental genomewide_association study holstein reported chromosome region contribute great variability degree spotting cattle particular important region affecting trait localized bovine_chromosome region containing transcription_factor mitf_gene sequenced total mitf_gene cattle different breed including animal spotted breed italian_holstein italian_simmental animal solid coloured breed italian_brown reggiana identified single_nucleotide polymorphism snp the allele_frequency one polymorphism clearly different spotted breed this result confirmed genotyping additional animal four breed total different haplotype_inferred sequenced animal considering similarity among haplotype spotted group cattle showed_significant difference haplotype distribution supported analysis molecular variance amova two genotyped snp enlarged sample cattle variability mitf_gene clearly explained difference spotted phenotype time evident gene genetic factor determining piebaldism italian_holstein italian_simmental cattle breed', 'gastrointestinal_nematode one main health_issue sheep breeding identify locus affecting resistance haemonchus_contortus genome_scan carried_using romane martinik black belly backcross lamb the entire population challenged haemonchus_contortus consecutive experimental infection fecal_egg count_fec packed_cell volume measured subgroup lamb extreme fec necropsied determine total worm burden length female worm sex ratio worm population abomasal serum mucosal immunoglobulin igg response pepsinogen concentration measured another subset lamb for qtl detection microsatellite_marker used well illumina_beadchip provided snp marker quality_control linkage association joint linkage association analysis performed qtlmap_software linkage_disequilibrium estimated within pure breed association analysis carried either considering breed origin haplotype four qtl region sheep chromosome oar identified key player among many qtl small_moderate effect qtl affecting pepsinogen concentration exactly matched pepsinogen locus region affecting fec infection found the snp marker outperformed microsatellites linkage analysis taking advantage helped refine_location qtl mapped', 'cytokine proposed modulate skeletal_muscle adipose_tissue mass present_study resource_population gushi_chicken crossed_anka broiler used investigate genetic effect chicken gene two single_nucleotide polymorphism snp identified exon gene mean polymerase_chain fragment_length polymorphism dna_sequencing association two snp chicken fatness muscle_fiber trait determined using linkage_disequilibrium haplotype_construction association analysis both snp associated abdominal_fat weight leg_muscle fiber_diameter leg_muscle fiber density haplotype two linked snp associated abdominal_fat weight fat_thickness skin leg_muscle fiber_diameter the result suggested gene might associated causative_mutation quantitative_trait locus qtl controlling fatness trait muscle_fiber trait chicken', 'muscle characteristic myofiber_diameter density total number important trait broiler breeding production present_study snp major gene located_vicinity quantitative_trait locus affecting breast_muscle weight including in vegfa figf chosen genotyped_laser mass_spectrometry broiler population one_hundred twenty bird slaughtered age body_weight breast_muscle weight myofiber_diameter density total number determined_bird six snp low_minor allele_frequency excluded analysis the remaining snp used association study muscle characteristic the result showed snp significant effect myofiber_diameter snp significant effect myofiber density mutation figf strongly_associated total fiber_number additionally bird genotype mutation significantly larger myofiber number bird genotype the snp identified present_study might used potential marker broiler breeding', 'two functional_positional candidate_gene selected region chicken chromosome based biological role also several quantitative_trait locus qtl mapped associated performance fatness carcass trait chicken the growth_factor gene associated several physiological_function related growth the lysine demethylase gene participates epigenetic regulation gene involved cell_cycle our objective find association selected polymorphism snp gene performance fatness carcass trait chicken resource_population gene snp detected gene nine snp detected snp associated body_weight haematocrit percentage also feed_intake percentage abdominal_fat gizzard genotype sex_interaction snp genotype sex_interaction affected body_weight feed_intake percentage abdominal_fat carcass gizzard haematocrit strong association diplotype sex_interaction abdominal_fat observed also association body_weight feed_intake percentage carcass drum thigh gizzard haematocrit our_finding suggest gene might_play important_role abdominal_fat deposition chicken the gene strong candidate explain qtl mapped region', 'resource_population gushi_chicken crossed_anka broiler used investigate genetic effect chicken gene growth adipose accumulation association three snp broiler trait determined using linkage_disequilibrium haplotype_construction association analysis the mutation associated body_weight week_age carcass_weight evisceration_weight weight haplotype mutation associated body_weight week carcass_weight evisceration_weight weight associated significant dominance_effect the result_suggest gene may linkage causative_mutation qtl controlling growth trait chicken contrast human study polymorphism associated fat related trait', 'the pioneering work professor soller among_others use genetic marker analyze quantitative_trait provided_opportunity discover genetic_architecture livestock identifying quantitative_trait locus qtl the recent_availability single_nucleotide polymorphism snp panel advanced study capitalizing linkage_disequilibrium position across genome study genomic_prediction model used identify_genomic region associated mean_standard deviation egg_weight three age commercial brown egg_layer line total segregating snp evaluated simultaneously using genotyped individual family the corresponding phenotypic_record represented individual measurement family mean progeny novel approach using posterior_distribution window variance monte_carlo markov_chain sample used_describe genetic_architecture make statistical inference region largest_effect qtl region chromosome found explain large_proportion genetic_variance mean_standard deviation weight egg laid specific age additional region smaller effect chromosome showed suggestive association mean egg_weight region chromosome standard_deviation egg_weight week_age the genetic_architecture analyzed trait characterized limited number gene genomic_region large effect many region small polygenic_effect the region chromosome used improve mean_standard deviation egg_weight selection', 'background genome_wide association study litter_size norwegian white sheep nw conducted using recently developed ovine snp_chip illumina after genotyping progeny_tested artificial_insemination ram gwas analysis performed estimated_breeding value_ebv litter_size result identified sheep chromosome close growth_differentiation factor known strong candidate_gene increased ovulation size sequencing coding_region extreme sire high_low blup value revealed single_nucleotide polymorphism responsible substitution position this polymorphism previously identified belclare cambridge sheep found associated fertility snp showed stronger_association litter_size single snp illumina_ovine snp_chip based estimated_breeding value daughter ram homozygous produce minimum additional lamb compared daughter ram conclusion identified missense_mutation bioactive part protein show strong association litter_size nw based nw breeding history marked increase allele_frequency ram population since hypothesize allele originate finnish_landrace imported norway around because widespread_use finnish_landrace fact ewe homozygous allele reported fertile expect commercial impact mutation high', 'study used illumina_beadchip conduct_association gwa_analysis milk_production trait dairy sheep analyzing commercial population_spanish churra_sheep the studied population_consisted total churra ewe belonging family available record milk_yield milk_protein fat_yield milk_protein fat_content the significant association identified reached_significance located chromosome these_result confirm segregation previously_reported qtl affecting suggest qtl significant pleiotropic_effect further association detected significance_level chromosomal_region the marker showing highest significant association located third intron lalba gene functional_positional candidate underlying association sequencing gene churra ram studied resource_population identified additional polymorphism one polymorphism identified located_within coding gene sequence predicted cause_amino acid_change protein different approach including gwa_analysis combined_linkage linkage_disequilibrium study concordance test qtl segregating status sire utilized ass role mutation putative qtn genetic effect detected our_result strongly support polymorphism likely causal_mutation studied qtl affecting although rule possibility snp perfect linkage_disequilibrium true causal polymorphism', 'scan_performed detect_quantitative trait locus qtl resistance_gastrointestinal nematode haemonchus_contortus double_backcross population red_maasai dorper sheep the mapping population comprised six sire_family lamb total the lamb artificially challenged contortus month_age nine phenotype measured fecal_egg count packed_cell volume decline two weight trait five worm trait subset population lamb selectively_genotyped microsatellite locus covering_autosome qtl mapping performed model_assumed qtl allele either fixed segregating within breed combined model additive qtl effect fitted additive_dominance qtl effect fitted overall qtl significant level identified combination trait chromosome particular_interest region chromosome putative qtl nine trait region chromosome putative qtl three trait favorable qtl allele disease_resistance originated red_maasai dorper breed always fixed within breed significant dominance_effect case anticipate study combination work relevant study help_elucidate biology disease_resistance', 'background genomic analysis potential impact selective_breeding program identifying marker serve proxy trait expensive difficult_measure also identifying gene affecting trait interest enhances understanding_underlying biochemical pathway end conducted genome_scan seven rainbow_trout family single broodstock_population identify_quantitative trait locus qtl effect stress_response crowding measured plasma_cortisol concentration our goal estimate number major gene large effect trait broodstock_population identification qtl result genome_scan including microsatellite_marker representing chromosome resulted novo construction genetic map good agreement ncccwa genetic map unique set qtl detected two trait defined observing low correlation repeated measurement plasma_cortisol concentration response_stress highly_significant qtl detected three independent analysis many additional suggestive significant qtl also identified with method qtl analysis regression_interval mapping variance_component method determined significant suggestive qtl explain phenotypic trait variation respectively conclusion the cortisol_response crowding stress complex trait controlled broodstock_population multiple qtl least chromosome these qtl largely different others previously identified similar trait documenting population specific genetic variant independently affect cortisol_response way may result different impact growth also mapping qtl multiple trait associated stress_response detected trait specific qtl indicate significance first plasma_cortisol measurement defining trait fine_mapping qtl lead towards_identification gene affecting stress_response may_influence approach selection economically_important stress_response trait', 'the performance genome_scan serum_lipid trait family duroc_pig allowed detect several pig chromosomal_region significant effect phenotype current_work aimed refine position chromosome significant qtl serum triglyceride_concentration genotyping additional microsatellites allowed reduction confidence_interval qtl genomic interval marker sequencing experiment performed characterize variability gene lipoprotein protein tribbles homolog locus map region way polymorphism identified coding_region untranslated_region respectively association analysis genotype reveal significant effect serum_lipid concentration suggesting variation two locus explain segregation qtl however highly_significant association observed gluteus_medius saturated_fatty acid_content light finding potential involvement muscle lipid_metabolism deserves explored', 'meat_quality important consumer meat processing industry commonly used measure porcine meat_quality color meat the_purpose study identify snp associated meat_quality trait finnish_yorkshire using_illumina beadchip the association snp quality trait tested weighted linear_model the relatedness sample accounted random_polygenic genetic effect accompanying full relationship_matrix the original ebv evaluation deregressed analysis the statistical_significance snp established using bonferroni_correction adjust multiple_testing three genomic_region significant meat_quality trait the region chromosome significant measured loin ham redness measured loin the smallest region obtained measured loin the allele_substitution effect unfavorable allele corresponds polygenic_effect the second significant region chromosome around megabases associated lightness measured loin the significant snp allele_substitution effect corresponding polygenic_effect the third region located chromosome around significant measured ham the best snp allele_substitution effect corresponding polygenic_effect the significant association due known substitution the candidate_gene chromosome associated color high affinity motif hand the significant region chromosome color contains several gene data needed identify_causative gene our_result indicate instead known substitution substitution causative variation finnish_yorkshire also new major qlt found chromosome the significant snp identified study used selection', 'reproductive_efficiency great_impact economic_success pork production ovulation_rate early component reproduction efficiency contributes number pig born litter better_understand underlying_genetics ovulation_rate genomewide_association study undertaken sample dna collected tested using_illumina porcine_beadchip female ovulation measurement ranging never farrowed measurement taken parity total snp tested using bayes option_gensel after bayes analysis snp assigned sliding_window consecutive snp order beginning first snp ending last snp sscx the window analyzed using predict option_gensel from predict analysis putative qtl selected overlap window group overlap across chromosome highest genetic_variation these putative qtl submitted statistical testing using bootstrap option_gensel putative qtl tested found_statistically significant ten qtl found sscx sixteen qtl found_statistically significant level six additional qtl significant level these qtl accounted total genetic_variance the compelling candidate_gene region include estrogen receptor growth_differentiation factor inhibin these qtl combined information gene found region provide_useful information could_used marker_assisted selection marker_assisted management genomic_selection application commercial_pig population', 'this_study designed_investigate single_nucleotide polymorphism intron liver fatty protein gene junmu white swine using conformational_polymorphism the association polymorphism meat_quality trait also studied the cloning sequencing result_indicated polymorphism intron due mutation position yielding three genotype association analysis_revealed polymorphism significant effect marbling genotype marbling marbling the polymorphism also highly_significant effect intramuscular_fat content genotype higher intramuscular_fat content significant difference however significant conclusion concerning trait could drawn tentatively conclude candidate_gene quantitative_trait gene associated meat_quality trait', 'osteopontin_opn recognized important cytokine extracellular protein crossroad inflammation homeostasis previous_study found opn gene polymorphism associated milk performance trait somatic_cell score_sc parameter used_estimate genetic value udder_health dairy_cattle study assessed whether genetic_variation impact promoter_activity immune_response level opn secreted milk the influence dna polymorphism promoter_activity confirmed vitro measure impact genetic_variation opn secretion milk measured opn level plasma milk throughout lactation cow grouped opn haplotype associated high_low sc for opn level plasma remained low throughout lactation although concentration milk cow increased late_lactation moreover macrophage cow expressed lower proinflammatory response_infection regarding immune cell response cow genetic potential secrete higher opn level late_lactation macrophage expressing fewer proinflammatory cytokine situation might explain genetic association low somatic_cell although opn favorable role late_lactation remain elucidated tissue_remodeling property associated opn may beneficial reducing_incidence infection transition period lactating_cow', 'bovine_tuberculosis btb significant veterinary financial problem many part world association specific host gene susceptibility mycobacterial_infection tuberculosis reported several specie the_objective study identify evaluate relationship polymorphism snp gene susceptibility_btb chinese_holstein cow dna_sample chinese_holstein cow case_control collected kunming city yuxi city dali city china snp gene assessed using polymerase_chain reaction_pcr restriction_fragment length chain_reaction association testing statistical_analysis identified six snp associated susceptibility_btb chinese_holstein cow the frequency genotype respectively significantly_higher case_control also allele respectively associated greater relative risk case_control the distribution two haplotype tggaca cagaca significantly different case_control overall study suggested gene significantly_associated susceptibility_btb chinese_holstein cow haplotype tggaca cagaca could_used genetic marker breeding_program breeding cow high resistance btb', 'recent study confirmed qtl region pig chromosome associated reproduction trait pig within region genetic_variation largest chromosome the qtl region chromosome therefore studied identify gene known contribute litter_size the superoxide dismutase gene localized around pig obvious_candidate gene present_study cloned_sequenced porcine gene the amino_acid sequence highly_conserved human_mouse rat pig expression study quantitative_pcr showed differential level transcript tissue investigated sequence comparison sow high_low estimated_breeding value_ebv litter_size revealed total eight single_nucleotide polymorphism snp noncoding sequence snp coding_region one intronic snp genotyped sow high_low ebv litter_size allele_frequency differed significantly two group sow indicating polymorphism chromosome locus impact litter_size the sow homozygous genotype conceive three piglet compared genotype making snp possible marker litter_size however genotype negatively_correlated important trait selection danish pig production', 'increased disease_resistance improved general immune_capacity would_beneficial welfare productivity_farm animal classical_swine fever csf contagious disease farm_animal the immunoglobulin igg_blocking percentage csf virus csfv serum essential_diagnostic parameter_veterinary practice addition lysozyme part innate_immune system identify_quantitative trait locus qtl igg_blocking percentage csfv lysozyme_concentration igg_blocking percentage lysozyme_concentration serum measured composite pig population challenge modified_live csf vaccine through mapping mqreml analysis solar software several qtl lysozyme_concentration igg_blocking percentage csfv identified respectively within qtl region known gene revealed may_serve candidate_gene pig', 'background feed_efficiency one major component determining cost animal production residual_feed intake_rfi defined difference_observed expected feed_intake given certain production residual_feed intake calculated based regression individual daily_feed intake_dfi initial test weight average_daily gain_residual feed_intake except also regressed respect backfat shown sensitive accurate measure feed_efficiency livestock knowledge genomic_region mechanism affecting rfi pig lacking the study_aimed identify genetic marker candidate_gene rfi component trait well pathway associated rfi danish duroc_boar association system genetic analysis result phenotypic genotypic record using_illumina porcine_beadchip available boar fifteen locus significantly_associated respectively among snp significantly_associated implying existence common mechanism controlling two rfi measure significant qtl region component trait rfi dfi detected pig chromosome_ssc dfi the snp within ssc_ssc dscam ssc might interesting marker rfi measure functional_annotation gene size flanking significant snp indicated regulation protein lipid metabolic_process gap junction inositol phosphate metabolism insulin signaling_pathway significant biological_process pathway rfi respectively conclusion the study detected novel genetic variant qtls ssc rfi indicated significant biological_process metabolic_pathway involved rfi the study also detected novel qtls component trait rfi these_result improve knowledge genetic_architecture potential biological_pathway underlying rfi would_useful investigation key candidate_gene rfi development biomarkers', 'the improvement meat_quality production trait high priority pork industry many trait show low_moderate heritability difficult_expensive measure their improvement targeted breeding_program challenging requires knowledge genetic molecular background for study genotyped artificial_insemination boar commercial_line derived swiss large_white breed using beadchip evenly spaced snp across pig genome obtained estimated_breeding value_ebv various trait including exterior meat_quality reproduction production the subsequent association analysis allowed_identify four qtl suggestive_significance three trait ranging single qtl ebv one hour post_mortem carcass length pig chromosome_ssc ssc respectively two qtl ebv rear_view hind leg ssc_ssc', 'hepatocyte nuclear member hepatocyte nuclear factor family play_important role_regulating expression gene involved_development differentiation normal function liver pancreatic cell well maintenance glucose homeostasis amplification refractory mutation system pcr new method offering fast detection extreme simplicity negligible cost snp genotyping paper characterize polymorphism bovine gene three chinese_indigenous cattle breed six novel snp identified including mutation coding_region others intron the statistical_analysis indicated snp affected growth trait markedly qinchuan_cattle year_birth besides haplotype involving snp site bovine gene identified effect growth trait also analyzed the result showed haplotype predominant accounted qinchuan nanyang_jiaxian cattle breed respectively taat extremely predominant test population suggested individual adapted environment furthermore combined haplotype_constructed guarantee reliability analysis result qinchuan_cattle there also significant difference body_length these_finding benefit application dna marker related growth trait selection_ma improve performance beef_cattle', 'feed_conversion ratio_fcr economically_important trait pig feed account significant proportion cost involved pig production study used snp_chip panel porcine_beadchip identify association fcr snp marker study genetic_architecture trait after_quality control total snp could mapped porcine_autosome ssc using pig genome_assembly used analysis deregressed_estimated breeding_value used response_variable total duroc_pig fcr data genotype data the linkage_disequilibrium adjacent marker two association mapping approach used linear_mixed model lmm based regression analysis bayesian_variable selection approach bvs total significant snp association chromosome identified lmm analysis out snp crossed significance_threshold these snp located ssc bvs analysis total snp located chromosome posterior_probability equal bayes_factor thirteen snp identified lmm bvs these snp located chromosome_ssc hypoxia inducible factor alpha subunit inhibitor ladybird homeobox possible candidate_gene affecting fcr ssc respectively the study_provides list snp associated fcr also offer valuable_information genetic_architecture candidate_gene trait', 'background the availability snp assay including enables identification novel quantitative_trait locus qtl improvement resolution location previously_mapped qtl performed series association study_gwas using genotype scored animal beef_cattle breed observation twelve body_weight calving_ease carcass trait result total qtl defined genome window_explaining additive_genetic variance identified general qtl identified analysis bigger sample_size four pleiotropic_closely linked qtls located primarily primarily identified one breed several pleiotropic_closely linked qtl also identified some identified qtl region harbor gene known large effect variety trait cattle mstn others harbor promising_candidate gene including ncapg tigar gene_ontology analysis_revealed gene involved ossification adipose_tissue development identified pleiotropic qtl also mapk_signaling pathway identified common pathway affected gene located_near pleiotropic qtl conclusion_this largest gwas ever performed beef_cattle led discover several novel pleiotropic qtl cumulatively account significant percentage additive_genetic variance third additive_genetic variance birth mature weight calving_ease direct hereford these_result improve_understanding biology growth body_composition cattle', 'canada reproductive_disorder known affect profitability dairy_cattle herd recorded producer voluntary basis since previous_study shown feasibility using health data genetic_evaluation despite low_heritability estimate limited availability phenotypic information sufficient genetic_variation observed trait indicate genetic_progress although slow achieved analysis performed health data reproductive_disorder including retained_placenta retp metritis metr cystic ovary cyst using traditional blup genomic_blup association study functional analysis carried unravel significant genomic_region biological_pathway better_understand genetic_mechanism underlying retp metr cyst heritability_estimate posterior standard_deviation parenthesis cyst metr retp respectively moderate strong genetic_correlation found metr retp averaged trait sire proof reliability increased approximately percentage point incorporation genomic data using linear_model biological_pathway associated gene underlying studied trait identified contribute_better understanding_biology health disorder dairy_cattle', 'background carcass fatness important trait pig breeding_program following market request breeding plan fresh pork consumption usually designed reduce carcass fat_content increase lean_meat deposition however italian pig_industry mainly devoted production protected designation origin dry cured ham pig slaughtered around live_weight breeding goal aim maintaining fat coverage measured backfat_thickness avoid excessive desiccation ham this objective shaped genetic pool italian_heavy pig breed decade study applied_selective genotyping approach within population performance tested italian_large white pig within population selectively_genotyped pig extreme divergent backfat_thickness estimated_breeding value illumina_beadchip performed genome_wide association study identify locus associated trait result identified single_nucleotide polymorphism additional one these marker located_throughout chromosome the largest_number found porcine chromosome significant marker located chromosome single_nucleotide polymorphism intronic region gene already recognized assembly gene_ontology analysis_indicated enrichment gene_ontology term associated nervous_system development regulation concordance result large genome_wide association study human obesity conclusion further_investigation needed evaluate effect identified single_nucleotide polymorphism associated backfat_thickness trait practical application breeding_program reported result could improve_understanding biology fat metabolism deposition could also relevant mammalian_specie including human confirming role neuronal gene obesity', 'there growing public concern reducing saturated fat intake desaturase_scd lipogenic enzyme responsible biosynthesis oleic_acid desaturating stearic_acid here describe total mutation promoter_region pig scd_gene provide_evidence allele promoter_region enhances fat desaturation ratio muscle increase opposite homozygote without affecting fat_content intramuscular_fat content backfat_thickness mutation could affect functionality protein found coding_region first proved purebred_duroc line haplotype single_nucleotide polymorphism snp promoter_region additively associated enhanced muscle subcutaneous_fat liver show association consistent period overlapping generation line result haplotype displayed greater scd mrna_expression muscle the effect haplotype validated internally comparing opposite homozygote sibling externally using experimental crossbreds second snp excluded causative_mutation using new previously_published data restricting causality snp last source genetic_variation within haplotype this mutation positioned core sequence several putative transcription_factor binding_site several plausible mechanism allele enhances consequently proportion monounsaturated saturated fat', 'average_daily gain_adg feed_efficiency important factor assessing productivity_farm animal myostatin_mstn previously called member transforming_growth factor tgfβ superfamily negative_regulator embryonic_development adult homeostasis skeletal_muscle study genotype mstn snp duroc_pig determined the individually significantly_higher adg body_weight lower age individual dose dependent genetic additive_effect found negative effect allele adg body_weight the allele also increased age copy respectively the mstn allele increased age copy respectively overall two mutated mstn allele negative effect adg body_weight increased age the present_study provided_evidence mstn affected growth duroc_pig the effect mutated allele additive maximal effect resulting two copy allele selection allele expected increase adg body_weight decrease age duroc_pig might used porcine breeding_program', 'background better_understand genetic determination udder_health performed association study_gwas population german_holstein bull daughter_yield deviation dyd somatic_cell score_sc available for study used genetic information informative single_nucleotide polymorphism snp inferred_haplotype block result when accounting analyzed population snp haplotype six genomic_region significant bonferroni threshold the size identified region ranged genomic_region chromosome coincided known qtl affecting_sc additional genomic_region found chromosome particular_interest region chromosome qtl mastitis trait significant snp sc different holstein population coincide result identified region except region chromosome significant snp present significant haplotype the minor_allele identified snp chromosome major allele snp chromosome favorable lower sc difference somatic_cell count scc alternative snp allele reached conclusion the result_support polygenic_nature genetic determination sc confirm importance previously_reported qtl provide_evidence segregation additional qtl sc holstein_cattle the small size region identified facilitate_search causal genetic_variation affect gene function', 'the slick hair coat slick dominantly inherited trait typically associated tropically adapted cattle criollo descent spanish colonization cattle new world the trait interest relative climate change due association improved subsequent increased productivity previous_study localized slick_locus region chromosome bta identified signature_selection region derived senepol cattle the current_study compare three breed including senepol carora romosinuano three additional lineage ancestral breed association_gwa haplotype analysis signature_selection run_homozygosity roh identity state ibs calculation used identify consensus region slick_locus contains possible candidate_gene three specific haplotype pattern identified slick individual zero frequency individual admixture analysis identified common genetic pattern three slick breed slick_locus principal_component analysis pca admixture result_show senepol romosinuano sharing higher degree genetic similarity one another much lesser degree similarity carora variation gwa haplotype analysis ibs calculation accompanying population structure information support potentially two mutation one common senepol romosinuano another carora effecting gene contained within refined location slick_locus', 'genotyped single_nucleotide polymorphism snp candidate_gene italian_holstein sire minor_allele frequency used evaluate association single trait milk_yield milk fat_yield milk_protein yield milk fat_percentage milk_protein percentage milk somatic_cell count mscc complex index longevity fertility type pft using deregressed_proof adjustment familial relatedness snp significantly_associated proportion false_positive different trait mscc pft eight longevity eight eight five two fertility particular snp promoter_region prlr gene associated eight nine trait polymorphism highly associated casein gene marker associated several trait confirming role casein gene cluster affecting milk_yield milk quality health trait other snp gene located chromosome associated pft mscc kit this latter association may suggest biological link degree piebaldism holstein immunological function affecting somatic_cell count mastitis_resistance other significant snp acaca crh fasn lep lgb also known paep src thrsp gene these_result provide information complement qtl mapping association study holstein', 'the_aim study detect polymorphism leptin gene determine association polymorphism growth_carcass trait nellore_cattle the single_nucleotide polymorphism snp well microsatellite downstream genotyped the measure body_weight ultrasound examination rib_eye area back rump_fat thickness performed different period animal management during first period animal fed grass mineralized salt libitum second period received grass concentrate third concentrate after slaughter animal data_collected classification typification carcass significant association found variable assessed snp conversely snp associated rump_fat thickness muscle color associated rump_fat thickness first period subcutaneous_fat thickness second weight animal third length carcass slaughter these_result suggest snp microsatellite might_useful selection nellore_cattle', 'fatty_acid composition porcine intramuscular_fat affect dietetic value technological_property meat the desaturase_scd gene strong_positional functional_candidate fatty_acid composition our sequence analysis breed duroc_pietrain polish_landrace polish_large white revealed novel snp sequence novel snp novel indels untranslated_region utr transcript_level scd subcutaneous_fat significantly greater muscle tissue interbreed comparison revealed greater transcript_level fat tissue polish_landrace found association abundance scd transcript fatty_acid composition tissue performed association analysis snp indel production trait polish_large white synthetic_line the pronounced association observed polymorphism occurs within predicted target_site microrna line polymorphism significantly_associated daily_gain general model feed_conversion ratio fatness trait the tendency significant observed polish_large white breed when breed analyzed together association highly_significant daily_gain feed_conversion ratio conclude promising marker porcine trait', 'shank color domestic_chicken varies black blue green yellow white controlled combination melanin xanthophyll dermis epidermis dermal shank pigmentation chicken determined inhibitor dermal melanin located distal_end long arm chromosome controlling dermal melanin pigmentation although previous_study focused identification linear relationship barring recessive white skin causal_mutation yet identified relation mutant dermal pigment inhibiting allele locus study first used affymetrix_axiom genotyping_array includes snp snp chromosome perform_association study pure_line tibetan hen dermal pigmentation shank tibetan hen yellow shank refine_location association analysis conducted plink_software using standard test bonferroni_correction used adjust multiple_testing the study revealed snp located chromosome current assembly chicken genome significantly_associated dermal shank pigmentation chicken none located known gene the interval refined partly converged previous result suggesting gene near refined genome region however genomic context region complex there snp marker developed genotyping_array within interval region snp marker passed quality_control additionally gap side refined interval the replication study may needed_confirm functional significance newly_identified snp', 'the homolog modulates adipogenesis hematopoiesis osteogenesis process present_study detected potential polymorphism gene individual qinchuan_cattle using method herein identified five novel polymorphism snp analyzed association measured trait four five analyzed polymorphism associated least_one following trait body_weight chest_depth chest_circumference back_fat thickness area_rea best knowledge research first_report association gene polymorphism growth meat_quality trait qinchuan_cattle summary result study suggest gene used candidate_gene beef_cattle breeding', 'study conducted applicability genomic data improve_accuracy selection process livestock association study_gwas provide_valuable information enhance_understanding genetics complex trait the_aim study identify_genomic region gene play_role birth_weight weaning_weight adjusted day_age weight adjusted day_age lyw canchim cattle gwas_performed mean generalized score gqls_method using genotype bovinehd_beadchip estimated_breeding value lyw data_consisted animal canchim breed genetic group derived crossing charolais sire canchim zebu dam after_applying false_discovery rate_correction significance_level total snp significantly_associated lyw respectively these snp surveyed corresponding gene surrounding gene within distance the gene lectin domain family_member highlighted considering function development brain skeletal system respectively the gqls_method identified region chromosome associated birth_weight weaning_weight weight canchim animal new candidate region body_weight trait detected interesting biological_function previously_reported the observation qtl report body_weight trait covering area surrounding gene snp herein identified provides_evidence association future study targeting area could provide knowledge uncover genetic_architecture underlying growth trait canchim cattle', 'beef steer variation feed_efficiency phenotype evaluated previously snp panel ten marker bovine_chromosome associated average_daily gain_adg identify gene region responsible variation adg genotyping additional marker performed several marker nominally_associated adg three including marker withstand bonferroni_correction located_within protein_kinase gamma_subunit gene additional population steer genotyped validation one marker located_within locus approached significant association gain evaluate difference transcript abundance measured expression liver_muscle rumen intestine steer extreme feed_efficiency phenotype collected two season difference transcript abundance detected small_intestine liver_muscle correlation gene expression_level rumen average_daily feed_intake adfi detected season however direction differed season lastly evaluated protein_kinase ampk subunit difference among adg adfi found phosphorylated form ampk associated adfi rumen these data suggest mature protein ampk involved feed_efficiency trait beef steer this_first evidence suggest rumen ampk may contributing adfi cattle', 'enterotoxigenic_escherichia coli_etec major_determinant diarrhea mortality neonatal young pig susceptibility_etec governed intestinal receptor specific bacterium inherited monogenic dominant trait identify receptor gene first mapped locus region pig chromosome using genome_scan microsatellite_marker scan high_density marker chromosome refined locus interval recombination breakpoint analysis defined locus within region further mapping using informative snp revealed significant marker proximal gene region association study collection diverse outbred_population strongly supported likely responsible gene characterized porcine gene_encodes two transcript both transcript characteristic pt region mucin enriched distinct tandem_repeat predicated heavily forming binding_site bacterium binding_site concordantly independent pig homozygous across diverse breed resistant etec susceptible_animal broad breed panel carry least_one allele altogether conclude susceptibility towards etec governed gene pig the finding immediate translation breeding_practice allows establish efficient accurate diagnostic_test selecting susceptible_animal moreover finding improves understanding mucin play_crucial role defense enteric pathogen revealed first_time direct interaction enteric bacteria poorly_understood mammal', 'porcine syndrome pfts condition affect newly weaned_piglet characterised progressive debilitation leading death absence infectious nutritional management environmental_factor study present first_report pfts south america result association study identify genetic marker associated appearance condition crossbred swine population four chromosomal_region associated pfts predisposition one located sscx one two region region harbour important functional_candidate gene involved human depression might important_role pfts our_finding contribute increasing knowledge syndrome investigated since identification aetiology disease', 'objective three association study_gwas gwas conducted explore_genetic mechanism_underlying variation pig teat_number method performed three gwas teat_number three pig population including white resource_population chinese_erhualian pig population chinese_sutai pig population result detected single_nucleotide polymorphism snp surpassed significant level sus_scrofa chromosome_ssc resource_population corresponding four locus pig teat_number highlighted vertnin_vrtn lysine demethylase two interesting_candidate gene locus significant associated snp identified gwas conclusion the result verified complex genetic_architecture pig teat_number the causative_variant teat_number may different three population', 'pig susceptibility enterotoxigenic_escherichia coli_etec strain locus determined dominant allele recessive allele determining resistance the susceptible allele also appeared associated higher growth_rate even discordant result single_nucleotide polymorphism snp exon mucin gene shown close linkage_disequilibrium locus used marker identify susceptible pig substituting invasive villous adhesion test herein analyzed snp italian local_breed applied_selective genotyping approach italian_large white italian_landrace italian_duroc comparing allele_frequency distribution group pig extreme estimated_breeding value_ebv average_daily gain_adg backfat_thickness bft evaluate marker associated trait allele associated susceptibility_etec associated higher adg bft italian_large white respectively higher adg italian_landrace this polymorphism poorly informative italian_duroc antagonistic association allele susceptibility_etec growth performance evidence complexity applying marker_assisted selection pig breeding', 'background the gene_encodes subunit adenosine monophosphate activated protein_kinase ampk protein play_key role energy_metabolism skeletal_muscle single_nucleotide polymorphism snp gene associated important pork_quality trait the_objective study_investigate relationship gene expression gene snp variation promoter meat_quality phenotype pork result gene expression found correlate number trait relating glycolytic_potential intramuscular_fat imf three phenotypically diverse cross comprising large_white duroc_pietrain sire breed the majority association observed large_white cross there significant association genotype locus gene expression large_white cross population ten novel snp identified within region spanning promoter three major haplotype_inferred two tagging snp characterised haplotype within promoter_region studied these two snp subsequently genotyped larger population consisting large_white duroc_pietrain purebred four major haplotype including promoter snp inferred large_white breed associated imf longissmus thoracis lumborum ltl driploss associated imfl trait ltl phult min ltl min semimembranosus_muscle associated driploss phult minolta duroc breed association observed driploss phusm association observed remaining haplotype duroc breed the pietrain breed monomorphic promoter_region the locus associated several trait across three breed imf large_white pietrain breed significant difference promoter function observed three main promoter haplotype tested vitro conclusion gene expression_level porcine associated meat_quality phenotype relating glycolytic_potential imf large_white breed snp variation promoter_region gene associated gene expression meat_quality phenotype', 'growth_carcass trait economically_important quality characteristic beef_cattle complex quantitative_trait controlled_multiple gene study candidate_gene encoding heart fatty protein encoding proteasome subunit atpase investigated qinchuan_beef cattle china dna_sequencing method used detect mutation gene qinchuan_cattle mutation exon mutation exon identified the association single_nucleotide polymorphism growth_carcass trait qinchuan_cattle analyzed the mutation significantly_associated body_length dressing_percentage mutation body_length hip_width indicating mutation effect growth_carcass trait qinchuan_beef cattle breed thus result study suggest gene polymorphism could_used genetic marker selection improving qinchuan_beef cattle', 'bone_morphogenetic protein expression detected testis role organ well elucidated evaluated polymorphism gene chinese_holstein bull investigated possible association sperm quality trait including semen_volume per ejaculate sperm density fresh_sperm motility thawed sperm_motility acrosome integrity rate abnormal_sperm rate single_nucleotide polymorphism intron gene identified bull age found significant effect fresh_sperm motility abnormal_sperm rate significant effect genotype fresh_sperm motility also observed least_square analysis showed genotype bull significantly lower fresh_sperm motility genotype bull conclusion considered potential genetic marker sperm quality based association fresh_sperm motility', 'background subfertility one challenge facing dairy_industry average holstein heifer conception_rate hcr proportion heifer_conceive maintain pregnancy per breeding estimated locus associated hcr validated independent cattle population limiting usefulness selection furthering understanding mechanism involved successful pregnancy therefore_objective identify locus associated hcr first artificial_insemination service repeated service required heifer_conceive tbrd validate locus previously associated fertility breeding health record holstein heifer obtained heifer bred observed estrus pregnancy determined day via palpation heifer dna genotyped using_illumina bovinehd_beadchip association analysis gwaa performed additive_dominant recessive_model using efficient_mixed model association expedited emmax method relationship_matrix two phenotype the gwaa compared heifer pregnant first_service heifer open following first_service included never conceived the tbrd gwaa compared heifer_conceive across variable number service comparison locus previously associated fertility tbrd considered locus validation linkage_disequilibrium result the gwaa identified locus associated additive_dominant recessive_model respectively the tbrd gwaa identified qtl associated additive_dominant recessive_model respectively locus previously associated fertility linkage_disequilibrium locus shared tbrd tbrd locus conclusion locus associated tbrd identified validated used improve hcr genomic_selection better_understand possible mechanism associated subfertility', 'background meat bos_taurus bos_indicus breed important_source nutrient human intramuscular_fat imf influence flavor nutritional_value impact human_health human_consumption fat contains high level monounsaturated_fatty acid mufa reduce concentration undesirable cholesterol ldl circulating blood different feeding practice genetic_variation within breed influence amount imf fatty_acid composition meat however difficult costly determine fatty_acid composition precluded beef_cattle breeding_program selecting healthier fatty_acid profile study employed single_nucleotide polymorphism snp_chip genotype nellore steer bos_indicus breed bayesian_approach identify_genomic region putative candidate_gene could involved deposition composition imf result genomic_region snp window associated imf deposition composition explain genetic_variance identified chromosome many region previously detected breed the gene present region identified help explain genetic_basis deposition composition fat cattle conclusion the genomic_region gene identified contribute_better understanding_genetic control fatty_acid deposition lead selection_strategy improve meat_quality human_consumption', 'the prevention unpleasant boar_taint main reason castration male_piglet this_study aimed_investigate malodorous compound skatole affected single_nucleotide polymorphism atg porcine cytochrome gene boar two commercial_crossbred population raised different farm investigated skatole_androstenone backfat averaged melted fat respectively the frequency genotype respectively boar highest average skatole level compared applying suggested sensory threshold level skatole_androstenone carcass may unacceptably tainted proportion tainted carcass significantly_higher within genotype compared genotype effective reduction tainted carcass appears feasible applying marker_assisted selection', 'fescue_toxicosis common syndrome poor growth reproductive_performance beef_cattle grazing tall_fescue infected lolium arundinaceum schreb together decreased feed_intake decreased growth_rate tissue necrosis due vasoconstriction depressed circulating serum prolactin_concentration typically observed cattle afflicted fescue_toxicosis polymorphism within kell blood group complex family_member gene located previously_reported associated rump_fat thickness residual_feed intake average_daily feed_intake average_daily gain cattle association also reported genotype effectiveness dopamine antagonist iloperidone treatment schizophrenia human domperidone related dopamine antagonist mediates effect fescue_toxicosis livestock including restoring depressed concentration prolactin population beef_cattle grazing tall_fescue used examine association genotype circulating prolactin_concentration the snp significantly_associated serum prolactin_concentration explained_phenotypic variation effect genotype snp tested across five breed significant association within angus simmental breed these_result suggest may_play role_mediating negative effect fescue_toxicosis polymorphism within gene may_useful marker selection genetic resistance debilitating effect tall_fescue', 'micrornas_mirnas group evolutionarily conserved small noncoding rna regulatory_function increasing evidence suggests polymorphism mirna gene associated phenotypic_variation affecting mirna expression function here identified two single_nucleotide polymorphism snp porcine locus linked located_downstream mirna precursor sequence within primary region association study muscle_fiber characteristic meat_quality trait performed total pig representing three pig breed berkshire landrace_yorkshire the snp significantly_associated type_type iia_muscle fiber_number area composition respectively meat_quality trait notably polymorphism also significantly_associated altered expression primary transcript ultimately leading comparable change level precursor mature furthermore altered level correlated variation muscle_fiber composition our data suggest may candidate_gene associated muscle_fiber type composition', 'genomic information could_used efficiently improve trait expensive_measure sex limited expressed late life this_study analyzed phenotypic_variation explained major snp window age_puberty gilt indicator reproductive_longevity association study using snp explained_phenotypic variation age_puberty training_set all snp top window_explained phenotypic_variance compared explained informative marker evaluation population consisting subsequent batch predictive_ability snp major window higher compared variance captured informative snp window the phenotypic_variance explained evaluation population varied snp major window used compared explained informative snp the correlation phenotype genomic_prediction value based snp effect estimated training population marginal compared effect retrained evaluation population informative snp major window increase genetic gain could obtained genomic_selection included sex compared female alone the pleiotropic role major gene could exploited_selection age_puberty reproductive_longevity', 'numerous report described genetic marker genomic_region qtl associated pork_quality palatability validation study reported therefore snp marker candidate_gene eight qtl region analyzed association pork_quality palatability trait pork loin loin collected three slaughter facility selected represent wide_range pork_color marbling phenotypic_data recorded included objective subjective measure color_marbling purge loss shear_force cooking_loss data_analyzed sa proc_mixed loin fit random effect result_indicated marker tested useful industry others segregating population linkage_disequilibrium marker causative genetic_variation fluctuates among population limiting universal utility gene largest_effect pork_quality cast', 'skeletal_muscle inositol phosphatase skip identified phosphatase hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol negatively regulates phosphatidylinositol signaling skeletal_muscle study two new single_nucleotide polymorphism snp porcine_skip intron detected the locus intron showed_significant association meat trait whereas locus intron showed_significant association carcass trait expression analysis showed porcine_skip upregulated gestation meishan fetus higher prolonged expression skip compared large_white gestation ectopic expression porcine_skip decreased cell_proliferation promoted serum cell_cycle arrest phase our_result suggest skip play negative regulatory role skeletal_muscle development partly preventing cell_proliferation', 'previous_research found quantitative_trait locus exists affecting calving conformation trait bos_taurus autosome may related increased calf birth_weight routinely recorded united_state birth_weight data large intensively managed dairy eastern germany management_system similar commonly found united_state used develop selection index predictor predicted_transmitting ability_pta birth_weight the predictor included body depth rump width sire calving_ease sire gestation_length sire stillbirth stature strength genetic phenotypic correlation heritabilities united_state substituted german value birth_weight pta predicted bull genetic_evaluation association study conducted predicted birth_weight pta genomic_blup procedure used routine evaluation united_state allele_substitution effect predicted single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genotype available predictor animal gene set enrichment_analysis performed snp largest_effect expressed additive_genetic standard_deviation several snp related growth development found among snp largest_effect including marker located_within near kbp nrac pign the gene set enrichment_analysis identified kyoto encyclopedia gene genome regulation actin cytoskeleton pathway enriched that pathway includes rock gene involved placental function human well developmental gene fak pak prediction_equation derived one population useful identifying gene gene network associated phenotype directly measured second population this approach identify gene associated trait used_construct birth_weight predictor locus affect birth_weight', 'gastrointestinal parasitic infection main health constraint small ruminant production causing loss weight death red_maasai sheep adapted tropical_environment extreme parasite exposure constant especially highly_pathogenic haemonchus_contortus this breed reported resistant gastrointestinal_parasite infection hence considered invaluable resource study association host_genetics resistance the_aim study identify polymorphism strongly_associated host_resistance double_backcross population derived red_maasai dorper sheep using gwas analysis the animal genotyped represented resistant_susceptible individual based tail phenotypic distribution average faecal_egg count avfec avfec packed_cell volume avpcv live_weight avlwt adjusted fixed_effect association analysis run using emmax revised significance_level calculated using permutation_test the top five significant snp marker observed five different chromosome avfec result confirmed emmax significant region trait one region included cluster significant snp chromosome chr linkage_disequilibrium this genomic location contains annotated gene involved cytokine_signalling haemostasis mucus biosynthesis only_one association detected chr significant avpcv avlwt the result generated reveal candidate immune variant gene involved differential response_infection provide additional snp marker information potential aid selection resistance_gastrointestinal parasite sheep similar genetic background double_backcross population', 'micrornas class small rna molecule repress gene expression primarily level genetic_variation microrna gene may_contribute phenotypic difference altering expression micrornas target here identified single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genomic_region porcine cluster associated respectively all snp located_within primary micrornas allele_frequency determination different pig breed berkshire landrace_yorkshire association study muscle_fiber characteristic lean_meat production meat_quality trait performed snp the snp associated percentage type_iia iib fiber muscle_fiber area composition meat_quality trait including drip_loss lightness backfat_thickness parameter lean_meat production addition found significant association snp total muscle_fiber number loin_eye area muscle furthermore snp significantly affected level mature respectively primarily regulating processing primary micrornas precursor micrornas interestingly altered level correlated phenotypic_variability among genotype snp our data suggest polymorphism porcine cluster genetic factor affecting muscle meat_quality trait', 'fatty_acid composition one important trait beef the_aim study identify candidate genomic_region fatty_acid composition association study single_nucleotide polymorphism snp_array japanese_black cattle total individual snp used study applied rapid_association using_mixed model regression grammar genomic control approach estimate association genotype fatty_acid composition addition two snp fatty_acid synthase_fasn desaturase_scd gene also genotyped association analysis_revealed significant snp several fatty_acid located fasn gene located_within region fasn mutation significant effect trait also detected one significant snp two snp the region around harbored two significant snp snp scd region showed_strongest association this_study demonstrated novel candidate region fatty_acid composition', 'micrornas abundant class small rna regulate gene expression genetic_variation microrna sequence may associated phenotype difference influencing expression micrornas target this_study identified two single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genomic_region microrna locus chicken two snp one upstream middle sequence producing mature_microrna genotypic distribution two snp large difference among chicken breed line especially commercial_line chinese_indigenous breed snp only snp significantly_associated residual_feed intake_rfi population derived broiler well pure huiyang bearded chicken the bird genotype snp lower rfi higher expression mature_microrna genotype snp also found expression mature_microrna significantly_associated rfi these_finding suggest become candidate_gene related rfi genetic_variation may_contribute change rfi altering expression_level mature_microrna chicken', 'the number_vertebra economically_important trait affect carcass length meat production pig major quantitative_trait locus qtl thoracic vertebral_number repeatedly identified pig chromosome_ssc dissect_genetic basis major locus herein genotyped large sample animal experimental_population chinese western origin using dna chip association study consistently identified locus across population mapped locus region sharing assay refined locus segment harbor two gene including vrtn vrnt proposed strong candidate major locus western modern breed further resequenced vrtn gene using dna_sample parental animal known qtl genotype progeny testing concordance test revealed candidate causal_variant genotype showed perfect segregation qtl genotype tested animal integrative analysis evolutional constraint functional element supported two vrtn variant complete_linkage disequilibrium phase likely causal_mutation the promising variant significantly affect number_thoracic vertebra one vertebra large_scale outbred animal segregating rather high frequency western_pig relatively low frequency number chinese breed altogether show vrtn variant significantly_associated number_thoracic vertebra chinese western_pig the finding_advance understanding_genetic architecture vertebral_number pig furthermore finding economical importance provides robust breeding tool improvement vertebral_number meat production chinese_indigenous pig western_commercial pig', 'displacement abomasum_lda one common disorder digestive system many dairy breed particularly holstein_dairy cow performed association study german_holstein cow including case_control all cow genotyped using_illumina bovine beadchip_illumina san_diego after_quality control genotype total informative single_nucleotide polymorphism snp left analysis used mixed_linear model approach association study lda total snp located bovine bos_taurus chromosome bta showed association lda nominal two snp located showed_significant association lda pathway analysis_indicated gene involved calcium metabolism diabetes mellitus factor pathogenesis lda_german holstein_cow', 'background infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis ibk beef_cattle commonly known pinkeye bacterial disease_caused moraxellabovis ibk characterized excessive tearing ulceration cornea perforation cornea may also occur severe case ibk considered important ocular disease cattle production due decreased growth performance infected individual subsequent economic effect ibk economically_important lowly_heritable categorical disease trait mass selection unaffected_animal successful reducing disease_incidence study determine chromosomal_region associated ibk_susceptibility the_objective study detect polymorphism snp marker linkage_disequilibrium genetic variant associated ibk american angus cattle result the proportion_phenotypic variance_explained marker whole_genome analysis ibk incidence classified two three nine category analysis using categorisation two three nine ibk score showed location chromosome associated ibk disease the genomic location chromosome overlap qtls associated bovine spongiform_encephalopathy clinical_mastitis somatic_cell count conclusion result analysis_indicated underlying genetic factor confer ibk_susceptibility also ibk severity treating ibk phenotype trait cause information loss analysis these_result help overall understanding_genetics ibk potential provide information future use breeding_scheme', 'variation porcine gene associated meat_quality trait backfat_thickness landrace pig respectively however investigated yet whether genotype influence lipid composition with aim genotyped two_missense substitution one silent polymorphism duroc barrow distributed five family phenotyped serum_lipid concentration intramuscular_fat content composition trait level relevant association posterior_probability allele_substitution effect zero observed genotype serum cholesterol chol ldl concentration day well genotype longissimus_dorsi saturated_fatty acid_content level found relevant association genotype diverse lipid composition trait discrepancy allele_substitution effect estimated family might produced many factor number individual marker allele_frequency informativeness family unaccounted random genetic environmental effect epistasis difference linkage phase amount linkage_disequilibrium causal marker mutation this lack consistency across family combined fact mutation synonymous two polymorphism conservative suggests association found causative', 'discovery genetic mutation significant association economically_important trait would benefit beef_cattle breeder objective identify silico approach new snp gene involved digestive function metabolic_process examine association identified snp feed_efficiency performance trait the association snp daily_dmi adg midpoint metabolic weight mmwt residual_feed intake_rfi feed_conversion ratio_fcr ratio average_daily dmi_adg tested discovery validation population using univariate animal model_fitted asreml substitution_effect allele snp protease serine trypsin associated fcr dmi gain rfi although significant validation population phase association remained cholecystokinin receptor cckbr gene genotype associated rfi whereas genotype associated rfi dmi substitution allele associated dmi_rfi substitution allele snp associated adg fcr gain dmi validation_dataset snp gene cckbr significant rfi dmi phase association snp significantly_associated fcr phase association allele snp validated decreasing dmi_rfi fcr substituting allele snp associated decreasing dmi_rfi validation study new snp reported gene cckbr associated feed_efficiency performance trait beef_cattle the association snp fertility carcass meat_quality trait must still tested', 'association study_gwas widely applied disentangle genetic_basis complex trait cattle breed classical gwas approach marker panel far conclusive especially complex trait this due intrinsic limitation gwas assumption made step association signal functional variation here applied strategy prioritize association found milk_production quality trait classical approach three italian dairy_cattle breed different sample_size italian_brown italian_holstein italian_simmental although classical regression single marker revealed single significant association italian_holstein approach identified specific gene breed associated milk physiology mammary_gland development standard method yet established step variation functional unit gene strategy proposed may_contribute revealing new gene play significant role complex trait investigated amplifying low association signal using approach', 'the_objective study_investigate association single_nucleotide polymorphism snp five candidate_gene meat_color marbling water_holding capacity whc young_bull five beef breed sweden the polymorphism leptin gene snp desaturase gene gene associated variation meat_color trait exposure air the polymorphism diacylglycerol gene snp associated level beef_marbling there association snp calpastatin gene cast meat_quality trait association tested snp whc trait value', 'bone_morphogenetic protein bmps peptide growth_factor belonging transforming_growth superfamily member bmp family support white adipocyte_differentiation study focused singularly promotes differentiation brown preadipocytes haplotype involving single_nucleotide polymorphism snp site bovine gene identified effect body_weight analyzed haplotype combined haplotype revealed linkage_disequilibrium assessed cattle population individual representing three main cattle breed_china the result showed haplotype predominant accounted nanyang_qinchuan jiaxian cattle breed respectively the statistical_analysis indicated snp associated body_weight body_length heart_girth month nanyang_cattle population whereas significant association haplotype combined haplotype our_result provide_evidence snp haplotype associated growth trait may utilized genetic marker selection beef_cattle breeding_program', 'background this_first study based association approach investigates link ovine footrot score molecular polymorphism texel_sheep using ovine snp_array snp single_nucleotide polymorphism quality_control our_aim identify molecular predictor footrot resistance method this_study used data animal selected texel_sheep population sheep average scoring record per animal from subset animal extreme trait value footrot selected genotyping based phenotypic_record estimated_breeding value_ebv footrot used association analysis result seven snp significant level association analysis reveal significant snp associated footrot based current state knowledge ovine genome difficult clearly link function gene contain significant snp potential role footrot linkage_disequilibrium analysed one factor influence power detecting qtl quantitative_trait locus mean distance two snp population analysed estimated declined distance two snp respectively conclusion based relatively_small number genotyped animal study first_step search genomic_region involved resistance footrot using ovine snp_array seven snp found significant level major significant qtl identified', 'selective_dna pooling approach applied identify qtl conjugated linoleic_acid cla vaccenic_acid milk content italian_brown swiss dairy_cattle milk sample animal higher value correction environmental_factor animal lower value trait five family pooled separately the pool genotyped using_illumina beadchip sire allele_frequency compared high_low tail sire marker level snp sire_heterozygous procedure implemented_perform data analysis selective_dna pooling design correction_multiple test applied using proportion false_positive among test result bta showed largest_number marker association cla association snp trait found several chromosome bioinformatics survey identified gene important_role pathway milk fat fatty_acid metabolism within snp marker associated fatty_acid content', 'the association study_gwas result presented average_daily gain_adg nellore_cattle phenotype male bos_indicus animal information adg feedlot polymorphism snp obtained database added information illumina_bovine snp illumina imputation used after_quality control imputation snp remained association analysis using package rapid_association using_mixed model regression_method genomic_region six significant snp significance found chromosome the significant snp explained_phenotypic variance allele_substitution effect important gene lepr fggy located_near region overlapped quantitative_trait locus qtls described several production trait other region marker suggestive effect identified this_study showed region major effect adg bos_indicus feedlot this information may_useful increase efficiency selecting trait understand physiological process_involved regulation', 'heavy_pig used italy produce fresh meat ham salami lard fatty_acid profile determines dietary organoleptic quality product the_objective study polymorphism two gene code enzyme fatty_acid metabolism namely desaturase_scd fatty_acid desaturase also investigated polymorphism sterol regulatory_element binding_protein gene regulates scd transcription significant association scd found ratio oleic stearic_acid concentration fat stearic oleic_acid the concentration arachidonic linoleic_acid ratio linoleic_acid significantly_associated polymorphism polymorphism associated oleic_acid concentration ratio arachidonic linoleic_acid our_finding suggest scd polymorphism associated dietary quality heavy_pig meat product', 'the somatotropic axis consists gene involved muscular development these gene potential region study identify possible qtl economically_important trait beef_cattle the_aim study verify existence ghr polymorphism nellore_cattle verify influence selection mutation analyse association molecular_marker body_weight different age yearling hip height carcass fat_thickness loin_eye area six hundred animal centro apta bovinos corte genotyped technique the association analysis performed general mixed_model taking consideration effect one marker model taking consideration interaction two molecular_marker only molecular_marker ghr polymorphic however found selection the association ghr marker loin_eye area observed well effect interaction marker female body_weight day_age the interaction effect considered situation interactivity two gene known', 'glycolytic_potential skeletal_muscle economically_important pig_industry effect pork processing yield previously_mapped major quantitative_trait locus qtl chromosome white_duroc erhualian_intercross herein_performed system genetic analysis identify_causal variant underlying phenotype qtl pqtl first conducted association analysis intercross sutai_pig population the qtl refined interval based drop method performed expression qtl eqtl mapping using muscle transcriptome data animal within qtl interval one gene colocolizated pqtl peaked snp the gene_encodes catalytic subunit phosphorylase kinase phk function cascade activation glycogen breakdown deep sequencing revealed point_mutation splice acceptor site intron resulting deletion open_reading frame generating premature stop_codon the aberrant transcript induces decay leading lower protein level weaker enzymatic activity affected animal the mutation cause increase decrease capacity pork these effect consistent_across sutai population well duroc_landrace yorkshire hybrid pig the unfavorable allele exists predominantly pig the finding_provide new_insight understanding risk_factor affecting glucose metabolism would greatly contribute genetic_improvement meat_quality duroc related pig', 'association analysis using_illumina porcine_beadchip performed identify snp significantly_associated porcine maternal_infanticide previously hypothesised good animal model human puerperal_psychosis extreme_form postnatal mood disorder animal selected carefully phenotyped unrelated infanticide control group representing extreme phenotypic spectrum four different line permutation sliding_window analysis analysis see haplotype linkage_disequilibrium compared identify concordant region across analysis interval sscs constant contained gene associated psychiatric neurological disorder significant multiple line the strongest near gws consistent candidate region across analysis breed one located one peak syntenic candidate region bipolar disorder another syntenic candidate region human puerperal_psychosis from analysis two region reached genome_wide significance gws first significant one duroc based breed syntenic region human associated cognition neurotism second significant two breed contained expressed brain', 'major_histocompatibility complex mhc best characterized genetic region controlling disease_resistance immune_response chicken mhc gene also involved various function productive trait reproductive success the genetic_diversity mhc iranian indigenous_chicken khorasan studied association mhc allele production trait determined the mhc polymorphism ascertained genotyping microsatellite locus fragment analysis microsatellite_marker genetic indicator mhc located microchromosome strongly_associated serologically defined mhc haplotype total different allele genotype identified chicken allele highest frequency allele lowest high level heterozygosity good genotype frequency fit equilibrium observed population the association study also revealed significant influence mhc allele body_weight egg_weight egg_laying intensity weight sexual_maturity khorasan population the information obtained study indicates high mhc genetic_diversity association mhc allele important production trait khorasan chicken these data would applicable designing breeding genetic resource conservation indigenous_chicken population', 'gene important gene closely_related type npc mutation gene tend cause type lysosomal storage disorder previous_study shown protein play_important role subcellular lipid transport homeostasis platelet function formation basic metabolic activity process development study explore association gene variation body_size trait qinchuan_cattle detected four novel coding single_nucleotide polymorphism csnps bovine gene including one missense_mutation three synonymous_mutation population genetic analysis individual association correlation csnps bovine body_size trait conducted research missense_mutation locus found significantly related heart_girth hip_width body_weight two synonymous_mutation locus also showed_significant effect hip_width one_synonymous mutation locus showed_significant effect body_weight combined haplotype showed_significant effect body_size trait heart_girth hip_width body_weight this_study provides_evidence gene might_involved regulation bovine growth body development may_considered candidate_gene marker_assisted selection_ma beef_cattle breeding industry', 'improving immune_capacity may increase profitability_animal production enables animal better cope infection hematological trait play pivotal role animal immune_capacity disease_resistance thus far study conducted using swine snp_chip panel unravel genetic_mechanism immune capability domestic animal study using_mixed regression analysis carried association study using porcine_beadchip immune_response piglet hematological trait seven leukocyte trait seven erythrocyte trait four platelet trait immunized classical_swine fever_vaccine after adjusting multiple_testing based permutation significant snp identified leukocyte trait erythrocyte trait platelet trait respectively reached_significance level among snp mean platelet volume located linkage_disequilibrium block four gene interest located_within block providing genetic evidence genomic segment may_considered candidate region relevant platelet trait other candidate_gene interest red_blood cell hemoglobin red_blood cell_volume distribution_width also found near significant snp our association study_provides list significant snp candidate_gene offer valuable_information future dissection molecular_mechanism regulating hematological trait', 'leptin hormone affecting regulation body_composition energy_balance meat_quality mammal the_objective study evaluate association novel single_nucleotide polymorphism coding_region leptin gene carcass meat_quality trait chinese steer two snp genotyped crossbred bull the trait measured included dressing_percentage dressed weight marbling_score muscle color score backfat_thickness fatty_acid content etc statistical_analysis revealed two snp exon leptin gene associated carcass meat_quality trait the genotype showed higher dressed weight thickness loin mc fcs intramuscular_fat content polyunsaturated_fatty acid_content also showed_significant association carcass trait dressing_percentage living qib fatty_acid content steer our_finding suggested polymorphism leptin might one important genetic factor influence carcass yield meat_quality beef_cattle may_useful marker meat_quality trait future selection_program beef_cattle breeding production', 'background independent study shown several single_nucleotide polymorphism snp human fto fat mass obesity associated gene associated obesity snp also identified pig fto gene among associated selected trait cross commercial population study using commercial_pig population experimental meishan_pietrain population investigated association one fto snp several growth_carcass trait association analysis performed fto polymorphism either alone combination polymorphism flanking locus method snp exon porcine fto genotyped tested association growth_carcass trait proportion genetic_variance four pig chromosome gene fto lipe selected trait evaluated using model result linkage analysis placed fto arm pig chromosome approximately commercial population allele fto snp significantly_associated back_fat depth allele muscling trait meishan_pietrain pig heterozygote allele pietrain sow allele meishan boar significantly_associated trait compared homozygote allele pietrain allele meishan breed model gene fto showed high association the contribution genetic_variance polymorphism fto gene highest back_fat depth meat area musculus_longissimus lumborum thoracis tissue metabolite dehydrogenase conclusion_our result_show pig fto influence back_fat depth commercial population meishan_pietrain pig genotype heterosis occurs several trait', 'the protein also known one four subunit ubiquitin protein ligase complex previously shown involved_regulation initiation development muscle_mass present_study investigated polymorphism gene cattle seven bovine breed using dna_sequencing polymerase_chain fragment_length polymorphism restriction site method four novel single_nucleotide polymorphism snp identified within bovine deposited genbank database the association study four snp growth trait performed nanyang_cattle notably snp shown significantly_associated body_length nanyang_cattle based four snp haplotype identified the main haplotype aata occurred frequency additionally phylogenetic_analysis showed geographical distance essential gene flow among seven cattle breed indigenous bovine breed displayed genetic difference comparison hybrid bovine breed foreign origin herein describe first_time comprehensive study variability bovine gene predictive genetic potential body_length phenotype', 'performed scan informative_microsatellites commercial duroc population growth_fatness carcass meat_quality phenotype available importantly meat_quality trait recorded two different muscle gluteus_medius longissimus_thoracis lumborum ltl find whether trait determined genetic factor level three qtl identified carcass_weight meat redness_yellowness analysis allowed detect significant qtl muscle loin_depth rib backfat_thickness bft vivo ham_weight carcass_weight bft last rib redness interestingly low positional_concordance meat_quality qtl map obtained ltl matter fact three significant qtl colour trait detected study specific this result suggests qtl effect might modulated certain extent genetic environmental_factor linked muscle function anatomical_location', 'calving cattle affected_calf morphology dam characteristic described two different trait maternal_calving ease ability generate dam good physiological predisposition calving direct_calving ease ability generate calf easily born the_aim study identify region cattle genome harboring gene possibly affecting direct_calving ease piedmontese cattle breed population bull scored direct_calving ease ebv analyzed snp marker panel snp perform scan the strongest_signal detected chromosome snp associated direct_calving ease found three gene located region encoding leucine aminopeptidase involved oxytocin hydrolysis ncapg encoding condensin_complex associated cattle fetal_growth carcass size lcorl associated height human cattle confirm result scan genotyped additional snp within gene analyzed association direct_calving ease the result additional analysis fully confirmed finding gwas particularly indicated probable gene involved linkage_disequilibrium analysis showed high correlation snp located_within lcorl indicating possible selection_signature due either increased fitness breeder selection trait', 'the serpin peptidase inhibitor clade nexin plasminogen_activator inhibitor type member gene_encodes plasminogen_activator inhibitor type pai major physiological inhibitor plasminogen_activator play_role obesity insulin resistance woman men detected snp intron substitution exon mapped gene position linkage_map chromosome association analysis conducted generation meishan_large white mlw cross record weight end test lifetime daily_gain test time daily_gain loin_depth backfat_depth well european_wild boar_meishan population trait recorded carcass_composition meat_quality analysis performed across_entire mlw population male animal show trait significantly_associated locus studied female animal snp associated loin_depth nominal adjusted value equal difference homozygote entire population female animal significantly_associated adjusted descending order muscling growth fat accretion male animal meat_quality studied population allele effect opposite direction implies snp marker linkage_disequilibrium causative_mutation', 'leptin signalling play fundamental role growth_fatness body_composition the_aim study_investigate porcine lep gene sequence iberian_landrace experimental_cross identify polymorphism associated productivity quality trait because documented effect trait lepr polymorphism lep_lepr polymorphism interaction jointly investigated the lep gene sequencing allowed_identification polymorphism eight novel three intronic snp lep lep lep genotyped association analysis carried analysis lep fully linked lep revealed additive_effect live carcass_weight dominant effect several backfat_thickness measurement novel effect lep_lepr polymorphism fatty_acid composition subcutaneous_fat detected probably mediated effect fatness the result reported suggest allele lep_lepr fixed iberian pig would lead increase growth_fatness saturated_fatty acid_content fat could explained increased feed_intake', 'the factor klf family transcription_factor play_critical role cell_differentiation phenotypic modulation physiologic function proposed regulate adipogenesis gluconeogenesis the_objective study establish association gene polymorphism chicken growth_carcass trait population_gushi chicken_crossed anka_broiler used investigate genetic effect chicken gene indel_mutation within intron detected polymerase_chain fragment_length polymorphism method_developed genotype individual association analysis showed single_nucleotide polymorphism snp significantly_associated chicken growth_carcass trait the chicken genotype generally significantly_higher body_weight size genotype gene expression genotype showed bird carrying higher expression_level genotype the result suggested polymorphic_site may_serve useful target marker_assisted selection chicken growth_carcass trait', 'background major economic trait chicken egg_weight receives widespread interest breeding production consumption however limited information available underlying genetic_architecture longitudinal trend herein measured ew nine time_point onset laying week_age conducted comprehensive association study_gwas hen derived reciprocal_cross white_leghorn dongxiang_chicken result egg_weight age except first_egg weight few exhibited high_heritability estimate strong genetic_correlation found among ew nine separate univariate screen suggested signal showing significant association longitudinal ew after multivariate conditional analysis four variant three chromosome remained independent contribution the minor_allele two locus exerted consistent positive substitution_effect ew two negative the four locus together accounted_phenotypic variance few ew week_age obtained five candidate_gene ncapg harbor snp causing substitution genome partitioning analysis_indicated strong linear correlation variance_explained chromosome length provided_evidence follows highly polygenic_nature inheritance conclusion identification significant genetic cause together implicate ew different age greatly advance_understanding genetic_basis behind longitudinal ew would helpful illuminate future_breeding direction select desired egg size', 'enterotoxigenic_escherichia coli_etec expressing fimbria major pathogenic bacteria causing diarrhoea neonatal piglet previous_study revealed susceptibility_etec autosomal mendelian dominant trait locus controlling receptor located marker pinpoint locus validate previous_finding performed association study_gwas using two generation population consisting piglet phenotype susceptibility_etec vitro adhesion test the dna piglet parent_genotyped using_illumina beadchip snp available susceptibility respectively association analysis quality_control summary significant snp detected associated susceptibility respectively significance_level from significant finding two novel candidate_gene firstly identified promising gene underlying susceptibility swine according function position our_finding herein provide novel evidence unravelling genetic_mechanism diarrhoea risk piglet', 'increase plumage_color uniformity understand_genetic background korean chicken performed association study different plumage_color korean_native chicken analyzed snp_chip chicken gemma method gwas estimated genetic heritability plumage_color the estimated heritability suggests plumage coloration polygenic trait found new locus associated feather pigmentation level result infer additional genetic effect plumage_color the result used selecting breeding chicken plumage_color uniformity', 'association study routinely used identify_genomic region associated trait interest however ignores important class genomic association epistatic_interaction interaction analysis single_nucleotide polymorphism snp using highly dense marker detect epistatic_interaction difficult task due multiple_testing computational demand however important revealing complex trait heredity this_study considers analytical method detect statistical interaction pair locus investigated modelling procedure model without snp estimate variance_component model snp using variance_component estimate thus avoiding iteration iii using significant snp epistasis analysis fitted model field data growth ultrasound_measure subcutaneous_fat thickness brahman_cattle the study demonstrated usefulness modelling epistasis analysis complex trait revealed extra source genetic_variation identified potential candidate_gene affecting concentration growth ultrasound scan measure fat_depth trait information epistasis add understanding complex genetic network form fundamental basis biological system', 'immotile sperm defect ists expanded finnish_yorkshire population end the causal_mutation defect recent insertion within gene chromosome even_though homozygous boar eliminated population infertility amount affected boar increased rapidly selection defect established elucidate associated effect ists defect production trait investigated association insertion prlr haplotype reproduction trait finnish_yorkshire population two data_set including sow genotyped presence insertion analysed association reproduction trait proc_mixed procedure_sa inc software package analysing multivariate mixed_model dmu used study effect polymorphism reproduction trait the within gene associated litter_size first_parity the gene located adjacent candidate_gene litter_size pig prlr haplotype within prlr exon analysed data_set association reproduction trait however association detected within analysed data_set indicating prlr sequence_variant causal cause identified effect litter_size', 'tcap also known telethonin one titin interacting protein involved_regulation development normal sarcomeric structure study cloned cdna promoter sequence porcine_tcap gene contained coding_region quantitative_pcr analysis showed porcine_tcap highly_expressed skeletal_muscle heart kidney during postnatal muscle_development tcap expression day_day large_white meishan pig one single_nucleotide polymorphism exon tcap gene identified detected chain_reaction association analysis_revealed polymorphism significant association carcass trait analysis porcine_tcap promoter different cell line demonstrated promoter addition found porcine_tcap promoter activated myod myog myotubes indicated tcap may_play role_regulation porcine_skeletal muscle_development these_finding provide_useful information investigation function tcap porcine_skeletal muscle', 'the oncogene family zinc_finger gene mediates vertebrate hedgehog signaling play_essential role induction patterning numerous cell type invertebrate vertebrate development study total single_nucleotide polymorphism snp identified polymerase_chain stranded conformational_polymorphism dna_pool sequencing including exon boundary within bovine gene haplotype combined genotype revealed linkage_disequilibrium assessed individual representing three main cattle breed_china the statistical_analysis indicated associated body_weight birth_month nanyang_cattle population significant association detected combined genotype body_weight five different age our_result provide_evidence polymorphism gene associated growth trait may used selection beef_cattle breeding_program', 'body_measurement trait influenced gene environmental_factor play numerous important_role value assessment productivity economy study investigated association genetic polymorphism zinc_finger btb domain_containing gene body_measurement trait native_chinese cattle using direct dna_sequencing individual different cattle subpopulation novel polymorphism identified genotyping within region exon linkage_disequilibrium association analysis_revealed two coding exon polymorphism polymorphism missense_mutation valine gtc isoleucine atc associated body_length withers_height rump_length furthermore analysis snp marker show significant effect total population these_result clearly suggest gene among target gene body_measurement trait bovine breeding provide data establishment animal model using cattle study big animal body type', 'background fat_content fatty_acid composition swine becoming increasingly studied effect sensory nutritional quality meat qtl quantitative_trait locus fatty_acid composition backfat previously detected porcine chromosome iberian_landrace intercross more recently association study detected genomic_region muscle fatty_acid composition iberian_landrace backcross population strong_positional candidate_gene qtl contains polymorphism promoter_region associated percentage_palmitic palmitoleic_acid muscle adipose_tissue here combination association approach used_analyze backfat fatty_acid composition animal iberian_landrace intercross genotyped snp single_nucleotide polymorphism distributed_along result two snp region identified the strongest statistical signal region observed palmitoleic_acid content elongation ratio positional_candidate gene region two novel microsatellites nine snp identified significant association microsatellite genotype detected the snp although statistically_significant strongest_signal region addition expression liver adipose_tissue varied_among animal association detected polymorphism gene region polymorphism showed strong association percentage_palmitic palmitoleic fatty_acid elongation ratio backfat conclusion_our result_suggest polymorphism studied causal_mutation qtl region however result_support hypothesis polymorphism pleiotropic_effect backfat intramuscular fatty_acid composition role determination qtl region', 'background study perform_association study_gwas bovine milk_fatty acid summer_milk sample this_study replicates previous_study performed gwas bovine milk_fatty acid based_winter milk sample population fatty_acid summer winter_milk genetically similar trait therefore compare region detected summer_milk region previously detected winter_milk gwas discover region explain genetic_variation summer winter_milk result the gwas summer_milk sample resulted region associated one milk_fatty acid result agreement association previously detected gwas fatty_acid winter_milk sample including eight region considered individual study the high correlation effect snp found significant gwas imply effect snp similar winter summer_milk fatty_acid conclusion the gwas fatty_acid based summer_milk sample agreement association detected gwas fatty_acid based_winter milk sample association agreement gwas likely involved fatty_acid synthesis compared region detected one gwas therefore worthwhile pursue study', 'many genetic factor influence growth feed_intake bird current_study evaluated association previously_reported snp chicken leptin_receptor lepr gene gain_bwg feed_intake feed_conversion ratio_fcr four snp low_minor allele_frequency removed genotype quality_control the experimental_population consisted pedigreed male genetically unrelated yellow_chicken strain chicken chicken the age age measured individually the bwg_fcr calculated based interval the result_indicated found strong_linkage disequilibrium this linkage_disequilibrium block significantly_associated strain fcr strain respectively addition gtacgtac diplotype_highest bwg strain the association revealed study suggests need functional study role lepr gene regulating feed_intake fcr chicken', 'riboflavin vitamin essential vitamin elderly people adolescent particular poor riboflavin status western diet milk dairy_product primary source riboflavin little_known natural variation within among bovine breed genetic environmental_factor affect riboflavin_content milk part milk genomics initiative aim_study quantify milk riboflavin_content using hplc major danish dairy breed the result showed substantial interbreed difference milk riboflavin_content milk danish_jersey cow contained significantly_higher level riboflavin milk milk danish_holstein cow milk furthermore genetic analysis_revealed high_heritabilities breed danish_holstein danish_jersey genomic association study found significant single_nucleotide polymorphism false_discovery rate associated riboflavin_content milk jersey cow significant single_nucleotide polymorphism holstein_cow spread different autosome promising quantitative_trait locus the best candidate_gene found within identified quantitative_trait locus riboflavin transporter gene among significant marker holstein_cow', 'mtpap mitochondrial poly polymerase gene play_role stabilizing level mitochondrial mrna controlling poly length human mitochondrial mrna study partial cdna_sequence porcine_mtpap gene obtained contained coding_region flanked partial the porcine_mtpap gene assigned using radiation_hybrid imprh panel chromosome electric location method analysis showed mtpap expressed analyzed tissue higher expression heart liver skeletal_muscle fat one single_nucleotide polymorphism mtpap gene identified detected ddei association genotype economic trait showed different genotype significantly_associated juiciness individual genotype displayed significantly_higher juiciness compared genotype the transcription_factor expression mtpap analyzing series mtpap promoter reporter construct using assay system indicated mtpap gene maybe play_critical role fat_deposition regulation regulated transcription_factor these_finding provide important basis understanding porcine_mtpap regulation function swine', 'association study trait generally limited sample_size accurate phenotypic_data the_objective study utilise data primiparous_cow experimental_farm ireland united_kingdom netherlands sweden identify_genomic region associated feed utilisation complex fat protein corrected milk_yield fpcm dry_matter intake_dmi body condition score bcs phenotypic_data single_nucleotide polymorphism snp available animal genetic_parameter trait estimated using linear animal model pedigree_information univariate association analysis undertaken using_bayesian stochastic search variable_selection performed_using gibbs sampling the variation phenotype explained snp chromosome related size chromosome relatively consistent trait possible exception bcs dmi for bcs dmi fpcm snp bayes_factor respectively olfactory gene gene involved sensory smell process overrepresented kbp window around significant snp potential candidate_gene involved function linked insulin epidermal growth_factor tryptophan', 'actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae among important pathogen worldwide pig production the agent cause severe economic_loss due decreased performance acute_chronic pleuropneumonia increased incidence death therapeutic used sustainable manner vaccination always available discovering host defence disease mechanism might lead new method prophylaxis the_aim present_study detect_quantitative trait locus qtl associated pleuropneumoniae under controlled condition animal family known difference founder population regarding pleuropneumoniae resistance challenged pleuropneumoniae serotype aerosol followed detailed clinical radiographic ultrasonographic pathological bacteriological examination pig genotyped_microsatellite marker significant qtl identified sus_scrofa chromosome_ssc they explained_phenotypic variance one qtl reached_significance level five associated phenotypic trait multiple regression analysis_revealed combinatory effect marker respiratory health score clinical score occurrence death the result_indicate genetic background pleuropneumoniae resistance swine provide_new insight_genetic architecture porcine pleuropneumonia the result helpful identifying underlying gene mechanism', 'the_objective study_investigate distribution variant haplotype among breed perform_association analysis variant haplotype broiler trait chicken six breed used study variation distribution chicken resource_population used measure growth trait carcass trait meat_quality trait serum biochemistry parameter variant located promoter_region coding variant mutation detected linkage_disequilibrium test showed three variant moderate linkage_disequilibrium breed haplotype_constructed the distribution presented clear difference among breed association analysis showed associated leg_muscle weight jejunum length ileum length leg_muscle fibre density leg_muscle fibre diameter associated spleen weight ileum length body_weight hatch metatarsus length_week significant effect chicken liver weight heart weight body_weight week serum albumin glucose diplotypes significantly_associated body_weight hatch heart weight pancreas weight duodenum length leg_muscle fibre density lactate dehydrogenase', 'background china consumer often prefer indigenous broiler chicken commercial breed characteristic meat_quality requested within traditional culinary custom however indigenous breed slower commercial_broiler mean yet reached full economic value therefore combining valuable meat_quality native_chicken efficiency commercial_broiler interest study generated intercross slow growing native broiler breed huiyang beard chicken fast growing commercial_broiler breed high quality chicken line used map locus explaining difference growth_rate breed result genome_scan identify locus affecting trait revealed nine distinct qtl six chromosome many qtl pleiotropic conformed correlation pattern observed phenotype most mapped qtl found location growth qtl reported population although effect greater population genome_scan pair interacting_locus identified number additional qtl genomic_region the epistatic_pair explained_residual phenotypic_variance seven epistatic qtl mapped region containing candidate_gene ubiquitin mediated proteolysis pathway suggesting importance pathway regulation growth chicken population conclusion the qtl detected using standard genome_scan accounted significant fraction observed phenotypic_variance population furthermore gene known pathway present interesting_candidate exploration this_study thus located several qtl region promising_candidate study increase understanding_genetic mechanism_underlying trait chicken', 'background comparison quantitative_trait locus qtl growth parameter growth_curve assist understanding_genetics ultimately physiology growth record body_weight week_age growth_rate successive age interval female chicken roslin cross available analysis these data analysed detect compare qtl body_weight growth_rate parameter gompertz_growth function result over qtl identified body_weight specific age also detected nearest preceding subsequent growth stage the sum significant suggestive additive_effect bodyweight specific age accounted_phenotypic variation single qtl body_weight chromosome week_age largest additive_effect phenotypic_variation qtl similar_position accounted_phenotypic variation week_age age specific qtl growth_rate detected suggesting specific gene affect developmental_process different stage growth relatively qtl influencing gompertz_growth curve_parameter detected overlapped locus affecting growth_rate dominance_effect generally significant week_age exceeded additive_effect case evidence epistatic qtl pair found conclusion the result_confirm location body_weight body_weight gain growth identified previous_study consistent qtl parameter gompertz_growth function chromosome explained relatively large_proportion observed growth variation across different age also harboured detected qtl gompertz parameter confirming importance controlling growth very qtl detected body_weight gain week_age probably reflecting effect difference reproduction random environmental effect', 'ctsd cathepsin key_enzyme yolk formation primarily_affect egg yolk weight egg_weight however recent research mostly focused genomic structure ctsd gene enzyme role pathology le known enzyme function chicken paper correlation ctsd polymorphism egg quality trait analyzed local shandong chicken breed ctsd polymorphism investigated polymerase_chain reaction single strand_conformation polymorphism sequencing analysis two variant found associated egg quality trait one variant located exon novel another variant located_intron previously referred overall result_indicated ctsd would_useful candidate_gene selection_program improving yolk trait', 'polymorphism occurring seed region micrornas_mirnas could influence target gene lead phenotypic_variation the_purpose research explore_genetic effect mutation resident conserved seed region growth meat trait resource_population the ndei polymerase_chain fragment_length polymorphism method association analysis used_analyse polymorphism the mutation associated body_weight week_age shank_girth week_age breast bone_length week_age pelvis breadth_week age subcutaneous_fat thickness associated body_weight week_age our_result useful resource subsequent study mirna function provide_basis molecular technique chicken breeding', 'residual_feed intake_rfi measure feed_efficiency important economic_environmental trait beef production selection low rfi feed_efficient cattle could maintain level production decreasing feed cost methane emission however rfi difficult_expensive trait measure identification single_nucleotide polymorphism snp associated rfi may_enable rapid cost effective genomic_selection feed_efficient cattle association study_gwas conducted multiple breed followed identify genetic variant associated rfi component trait average_daily gain_adg feed_intake irish beef_cattle expression quantitative_trait locus eqtl analysis conducted_identify functional effect variant snp associated rfi adg the variant exhibited strongest_association rfi eqtl identified variant allele negatively_correlated rfi associated increased expression liver influence basal metabolic rate suggesting mechanism genetic_variation may_contribute rfi this_study identified snp may_useful genomic_selection rfi understanding_biology feed_efficiency', 'background host_genetics shown play_role porcine reproductive_respiratory syndrome_prrs economically_important disease swine_industry region sus_scrofa chromosome_ssc previously_reported strong association serum viremia weight_gain pig experimentally_infected prrs_virus prrsv the_objective identify haplotype associated favorable phenotype investigate additional genomic_region associated host_response prrsv determine predictive_ability genomic estimated_breeding value gebv based region based rest_genome phenotypic_data snp genotype eight trial pig different commercial cross used address objective result across eight trial heritability_estimate viral_load area curve serum viremia day_post infection weight_gain day_post infection respectively genomic_region associated identified chromosome genomic_region associated identified chromosome apart region region associated two trait explained le genetic_variance due strong_linkage disequilibrium region unique haplotype identified across population four associated favorable phenotype through accuracy ebv based region high rest_genome little predictive_ability across population conclusion trait associated response_prrsv infection growing_pig largely_controlled genomic_region relatively_small effect exception accuracy ebv based region high compared rest_genome these_result show selection region could_potentially reduce effect prrs growing_pig ultimately reducing economic_impact disease', 'recent_advance genotyping_technology provided_opportunity map gene using association complex trait marker association study_gwas based either single marker haplotype identified genetic variant underlying genetic_mechanism quantitative_trait prompted achievement study examining economic trait cattle verify consistency two method using real data current_study conducted construct_haplotype structure bovine genome detect relevant gene genuinely affecting carcass trait meat_quality trait using_illumina bovinehd_beadchip young_bull genotyping data introduced reference_population identify gene beef_cattle genome significantly_associated foreshank_weight triglyceride_level total haplotype_block detected genome the region high linkage_disequilibrium extended approximately size haplotype_block ranged additionally individual snp analysis analysis detected similar region common snp two representative trait total snp bovine genome significantly_associated foreshank_weight triglyceride_level respectively comparison haplotype_block containing majority significant snp strongly_associated foreshank_weight triglyceride_level respectively addition snp high linkage_disequilibrium detected gnaq gene potential hotspot may_play crucial_role regulating carcass trait component', 'myostatin negative_regulator muscle growth development mammal variation ovine myostatin gene mstn demonstrated associated variation muscularity sheep polymerase_chain conformational_polymorphism used look single_nucleotide polymorphism snp amplicon promoter_region ovine mstn sequence analysis_revealed two previously identified snp resulted three haplotype the effect snp growth_carcass trait investigated romney lamb general_linear model revealed sheep genotype higher loin meat yield proportion loin yield genotype the genotype associated increase three weight trait birthweight tailing weight_weaning weight compared genotype found association growth_rate this_suggests effect originates birth haplotype associated decrease birthweight tailing weight_weaning weight haplotype associated increased loin yield proportion loin yield the snp may value genetic marker improved romney breeding', 'background inherited developmental disease cause severe animal_welfare economic problem dairy_cattle the use small number bull_artificial insemination carry risk recessive defect rapidly enrich population recent_year increasing number finnish_ayrshire calf identified sign ptosis intellectual disability retarded growth mortality constitute inherited disorder classified pirm_syndrome result established cohort nine calf unaffected performed association study_gwas map disease region bovine_chromosome whole_genome unaffected carrier affected progeny unaffected_animal another breed identified substitution mutation last nucleotide exon ubiquitin protein ligase encoding gene transcript analysis_revealed exon skipping affected animal resulting altered protein lacking amino_acid located conserved catalytic site protein mutation screening ayrshire bull currently used finland indicated high carrier frequency also found pirm_syndrome might connected recently identified haplotype frequency united_state ayrshire population conclusion describe pirm_syndrome cattle associated mutated gene the bovine phenotype resembles human kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome also caused mutation pirm_syndrome might connected recently identified haplotype associated reduced fertility ayrshire population this_study enables development genetic test efficiently reduce high frequency mutant ayrshire significantly improving animal health reducing economic_loss', 'background mastitis major disease dairy_cattle occurring response environmental exposure infective agent great_economic impact dairy_industry somatic_cell count scc log transformation somatic_cell score_sc trait used indirect measure resistance mastitis decade selective_breeding selective_dna pooling sdp approach applied identify_quantitative trait locus qtl sc valdostana red pied cattle using_illumina bovine beadchip result total snp reached_significance association sc snp annotated within gene involved immune_response mastitis btas largest_number marker association trait found these region identified novel genomic_region related mastitis snp window confirmed already_mapped the largest_number significant snp exceeding threshold significant signal found bta located conclusion the genomic_region identified study contribute_better understanding_genetic control mastitis immune_response cattle may allow inclusion detailed qtl information selection_program', 'physical_appearance trait head comb size type beard wattle size feathered foot used distinguish breed chicken also may associated economic trait study linkage analysis used identify candidate region gene physical_appearance trait potentially provide knowledge molecular_mechanism underlie trait the linkage analysis conducted population derived chicken commercial_broiler line polymorphism analyzed using_illumina chicken snp beadchip the data used map quantitative_trait locus gene six physical_appearance trait region significant level linkage_group crest trait identified likely closely_linked qtl significant level comb weight partly overlap region identified previous_study identified chicken gallus_gallus chromosome for beard wattle trait identical region including gene identified two qtl significant level feathered foot trait one region another region identified these candidate region gene provide important genetic information physical_appearance trait chicken', 'background four trait related carcass performance identified economically_important beef production carcass_weight carcass fat carcass conformation progeny cull cow carcass_weight although cattle primarily utilized milk_production also important_source meat beef production export because great_interest understanding_underlying genomic structure influencing trait several association study identified region bovine genome associated growth_carcass trait however_little known mechanism_underlying biological_pathway involved this_study aim detect region bovine genome associated carcass performance trait employing panel snp using measure genetic_merit predicted_transmitting ability irish animal candidate_gene biological_pathway identified trait investigation result following adjustment false_discovery quantitative_trait locus qtl associated least_one four carcass trait using single snp regression_approach using_bayesian approach qtl associated posterior_probability least_one four trait total unique bovine gene mapped human orthologs within qtl found associated trait using_bayesian approach using information significantly pathway identified across trait the significantly biological_pathway peroxisome_receptor ppar signaling_pathway conclusion large number genomic_region putatively associated bovine carcass trait detected using two different statistical approach notably several significant association detected close_proximity gene known role animal growth glucagon leptin several biological_pathway including ppar signaling shown involved various aspect bovine carcass performance these core gene biological_process may form foundation investigation identify_causative mutation involved trait result reported support_previous finding suggesting conservation key biological_process involved growth metabolism', 'entropion inward rolling eyelid allowing contact eyelash cornea may_lead blindness corrected although many mammalian_specie including human dog afflicted congenital_entropion specific gene gene region related development entropion reported mammalian_specie date entropion domestic_sheep known genetic component therefore used domestic_sheep model system identify_genomic region containing gene associated entropion association conducted congenital_entropion columbia polypay rambouillet sheep genotyped snp marker prevalence entropion breed represented logistic_regression performed plink additive allelic recessive dominant genotypic inheritance model two significant empirical snp identified specifically marker empirical genotypic model near nln empirical dominance model six additional suggestive snp nominal identified including marker near additive model dominance model genotypic model genotypic model recessive_model this_first report specific gene region associated congenital_entropion mammalian_specie knowledge further none gene previously associated eyelid trait these_result represent first analysis gene region associated entropion provide target region development sheep genetic marker selection', 'background feed_efficiency jointly determined productivity feed requirement economically_relevant trait beef_cattle production_system the_objective study identify associated component feed_efficiency nelore_cattle using_illumina bovinehd_beadchip snp genotype nelore steer the trait analyzed included average_daily gain_adg dry_matter intake_dmi ratio_fcr feed_efficiency residual_feed intake_rfi maintenance efficiency efficiency gain partial_efficiency growth peg relative growth_rate rgr the bayes analysis completed gensel_software parameterized fit fewer marker animal genomic window containing snp locus accounted genetic_variance considered qtl region candidate_gene within window_explained genetic_variance selected putative function based david gene_ontology result qtl snp window identified chromosome umd the amount genetic_variance explained individual qtl window feed_efficiency trait ranged some qtl minimally overlapped previously_reported feed_efficiency qtl bos_taurus the qtl region described study harbor gene biological_function related metabolic_process lipid protein metabolism generation energy growth among positional_candidate gene selected feed_efficiency cxadr conclusion some genomic_region positional_candidate gene reported study previously_reported feed_efficiency trait bos_indicus comparison published result indicates different qtls gene may involved control feed_efficiency trait nelore_cattle population compared bos_taurus cattle', 'genomic_region associated milk_fatty acid_composition detected bos_taurus autosome_bta based single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genotype the_aim study imputed snp genotype identify candidate_gene associated milk composition phenotype consisted gas_chromatography measurement based_winter summer_milk sample phenotype genotype available animal winter_milk animal summer_milk sample analysis showed several snp region located mbp strong association this region characterized based haplotype summer_milk sample example haplotype explained almost genetic_variance two group haplotype distinct predicted effect could defined suggesting_presence one causal_variant predicted haplotype effect tended increase however proportion genetic_variance explained haplotype tended decrease this indication quantitative_trait locus qtl region involved either elongation process early termination novo synthesized although many gene present qtl region gene characterized yet the strongest_association found close progesterone receptor membrane component gene yet associated milk composition therefore clear candidate_gene associated milk composition could identified qtl', 'paratuberculosis caused_mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis_map cause_economic loss present dairy_herd worldwide different study used different diagnostic_test detect infection_status basis association_gwa study inconsistent result therefore aim_study identify compare genomic_region associated map susceptibility cohort cattle using different diagnostic_test the gwa study performed german_holstein within assay using cow tested map fecal culture additional four different commercial genotyping performed illumina_bovine beadchip the result using fecal culture elisa test led identification different genetic locus two polymorphism showed_significant association however significant association map_infection could_confirmed our_result show definition important impact outcome gwa study paratuberculosis', 'background female_fertility important maintenance production dairy_cattle herd two qtl region previously detected nordic_holstein validated danish_jersey nordic_red investigated present_study refine qtl location refined qtl region imputed_full sequence_data the gene region studied ascertain possible effect fertility trait result screened number_insemination ai rate nrr day first last_insemination ifl interval calving_first insemination icf range whereas screened icf range bovine snp_array marker breed reached_significance analyzing imputed_sequence data qtl position_narrowed two region two region total gene identified analyzed using sequence_data breed the highest two region identified region region snp within two region annotated intergenic conclusion screening female_fertility trait suggested qtl female_fertility specific missense_mutation showed_strongest association fertility trait the annotated snp intergenic variant possible stage poorly annotated associated polymorphism located undiscovered gene fertility trait complex trait many different biological physiological factor determine_whether cow fertile therefore expected simple explanation obvious_candidate gene likely network gene intragenic variant explain variation trait', 'supernumerary_teat represent common abnormality bovine udder association study performed based proportion occurrence supernumerary_teat daughter holstein_bull the heritability caudal_supernumerary teat without mammary_gland study the largest_proportion heritability attributable bta the strongest evidence association five snp chromosome referred qtl the mode_inheritance qtl dominant these_finding reveal occurrence caudal_supernumerary teat without mammary_gland holstein_cattle influenced qtl chromosome polygenic part the data support high potential snp qtl region marker breeding caudal_supernumerary teat', 'significant snp associated shear_force sensory trait confirmed hanwoo_beef korean cattle significant association detected one single_nucleotide polymorphism snp chromosome shear_force slightly higher number snp significantly_associated shear_force sensory trait further snp significantly_associated shear_force tenderness_juiciness flavor likeness respectively the snp threshold explained_phenotypic variance significant snp accounted_phenotypic variance conclusion shear_force sensory evaluation moderately affected locus minimally affected locus study required using large sample_size high marker_density', 'one duplicated segment chicken chromosome causal_mutation phenotype however understanding_biological process formation also interest chicken breeding feather development theory one_hundred valid single_nucleotide polymorphism snp snp database used_perform association study chromosome xinghua chicken two snp respectively significantly_associated feathering phenotype this result_indicated causal_mutation formation xinghua chicken consistent_previous report showed locus ranged chromosome microarray expression implemented six female xinghua chick compared chick upregulated downregulated known gene chick gene expressed chick one least significantly differentially_expressed gene directly related keratin region feathering gene prolactin receptor prlr gene significantly differentially_expressed gene expression prlr chick chick wenchang chick also higher expression_level prlr one this_study suggested increasing prlr expression resulted special variant chicken chromosome caused phenotype', 'the_objective study validate association significant snp identified previous association study carcass_weight cwt commercial_hanwoo population genotyped snp located steer korea hanwoo feedlot bull snp five snp namely found significantly_associated cwt these five significant marker spanned region the significant marker cwt study allele_substitution effect accounted additive_genetic variance commercial_hanwoo population the snp marker found significantly_associated cwt eye_muscle area could_potentially exploited_selection hanwoo cattle also genotyped variation map gene already_reported associated height identify significant association carcass_weight however association observed hanwoo commercial population', 'whole_genome selection represents important tool improving parameter related production livestock order build genomic_selection index within particular breed important identify polymorphism significant association desired trait marker association approach based illumina_beadchip used identify_genomic region affecting birth_weight weaning_weight daily weight_gain dwg purebred_crossbred creole cattle population genotyped individual blanco orejinegro bon romosinuano romo cebú breed crossbreed bon cebú romo cebú tested genetic control model total single_nucleotide polymorphism snp related evaluated trait associated highest number snp for statistical correction bonferroni_correction used from result identified snp strong association dwg respectively many snp located important coding_region bovine genome ontology interaction discussed herein the result could contribute identification gene involved physiology beef_cattle growth development new strategy breeding management via genomic_selection improve productivity creole cattle herd', 'mastitis mammary disease frequently affect dairy_cattle despite considerable research development effective prevention treatment strategy mastitis continues significant issue bovine veterinary medicine identify major gene affect mastitis dairy_cattle chromosomal_region bos_taurus autosome_bta selected genome_scan mastitis phenotype using_imputed single_nucleotide polymorphism array association analysis using variant targeted region carried map causal_variant using sequence_data breed the quantitative_trait locus qtl discovery population comprised holstein_bull qtl confirmed nordic_red jersey_cattle the targeted region imputed_sequence level the highest association signal clinical_mastitis observed bta holstein_cattle confirmed nordic_red cattle the peak association region bta contained gene vitamin protein precursor neuropeptide receptor based known biological_function good_candidate affecting mastitis however strong_linkage disequilibrium region prevented conclusive determination causal gene different qtl bta located holstein_cattle affected mastitis addition qtl bta confirmed segregate nordic_red cattle qtl bta confirmed jersey_cattle although several candidate_gene identified targeted region possible identify gene polymorphism causal factor region', 'improving trait underlie meat_quality major challenge beef industry the_objective paper detect qtl linked sensory meat_quality trait french beef_cattle breed genotyped young_bull sire belonging charolais_limousin blonde_breed respectively using_illumina beadchip_illumina san_diego after estimating relevant genetic_parameter using vce software performed linkage_disequilibrium linkage analysis meat trait intramuscular_fat content muscle lightness shear_force tenderness score heritability coefficient largely ranged however reached maximum intramuscular_fat content tenderness score respectively charolais breed the meat texture trait shear_force tenderness score strongly genetically_correlated charolais_limousin breed blonde_breed indicating different measure approximately trait the genetic_correlation tenderness intramuscular_fat content differed across breed using significance_threshold qtl detection found significant position across autosomal_chromosome trait charolais blonde_breed contrast significant position limousin_breed few qtl common across breed detected qtl intramuscular_fat content located_near myostatin gene charolais blonde_breed mutation gene reported blonde_breed therefore suggests unknown mutation could segregating breed confirmed certain breed marker calpastatin calpain gene region affect tenderness also found new qtl several qtl chromosome significantly_associated meat_tenderness blonde_breed overall result greatly contribute goal building panel marker used_select animal high meat_quality', 'the analysis studied many researcher effect multiple snp simultaneously estimated tested multiple linear_regression the association analysis usually higher power lower rate detecting causative snp single marker analysis sma several method proposed simultaneously_estimate test multiple snp effect research fast method called meml mixed_model based lasso algorithm developed simultaneously_estimate multiple snp effect improved lasso prior assigned snp effect estimated searching maximum joint posterior mode the residual polygenic_effect included model absorb many tiny snp effect treated missing data algorithm series simulation experiment conducted validate proposed method result showed compared smma new method dramatically decrease rate the new method also applied dataset association study milk_production trait chinese_holstein cattle totally significant snp nearby gene found the number significant snp remarkably fewer smma found significant snp among significant snp also found smma several qtls gene confirmed furthermore also got positional_candidate gene potential function effecting milk_production trait these novel finding research valuable investigation', 'variation ovine gene analysed using strand conformational_polymorphism effect growth_carcass trait assessed new_zealand romney lamb produced unrelated ram among four allelic_variant detected presence variant found associated increased proportion shoulder yield absent present tended associated increased shoulder yield lean_meat yield shoulder expressed percentage hot_carcass weight absent present association detected growth trait carcass trait', 'the glucocorticoid receptor ubiquitously acting transcription_factor responsible mediating physiological response_stress adaptation environmental_condition genetic_variation gene may therefore contribute multiple phenotypic alteration influence relevant trait animal production here_examined effect two mutation porcine leading amino_acid exchange domain meat_quality carcass_composition addition explored influence transcriptional_activity vitro commercial crossbreed pietrain_german large_white german_landrace herd genotype relevant trait collected used_perform association analysis the single_nucleotide polymorphism snp significantly_associated conductivity meat_color score these effect highly consistent considering physiological relationship trait association analysis snp also revealed significant effect closely connected meat_quality trait addition snp showed association carcass trait mainly related muscle deposition the molecular_mechanism action amino_acid substitution remains obscure neither showed_significant influence transcriptional_activity our study emphasizes important candidate_gene trait pig work necessary clarify molecular background identified association', 'the ppara peroxisome gene_encodes nuclear_receptor play_important role fatty_acid catabolism transcriptional regulation gene involved fatty_acid oxidation considered candidate_gene fatness trait pig the_aim study search functional polymorphism untranslated_region utr association production trait postnatal ppara transcript_level skeletal_muscle longissimus semimembranosus commercial_pig breed polish_landrace polish_large white plw duroc_pietrain pulawska altogether novel polymorphism snp indel found utr the silico_analysis revealed putative microrna target_sequence analyzed region the substitution widely distributed_across breed located_near putative target_sequence the relative ppara transcript_level higher homozygous animal snp the luciferase_assay revealed probably act negative_regulator ppara expression pig adipocytes observe effect allele interaction putative target_sequence hypothesize predominant haplotype differing site including present different architecture utr could affect level transcript the snp analyzed plw significantly_associated backfat_thickness point intramuscular_fat content suggestive association found snp fatty_acid content subcutaneous visceral fat tissue plw duroc_pietrain pig the ppara mrna_level higher semimembranosus_muscle general comparison trend found breed except tested day_age the effect breed highly_significant general comparison common expression_pattern muscle among different age group conclude snp ppara gene considered breed useful genetic marker adipose_tissue accumulation', 'major gene yet reported sheep explains variation milk fat_content the coding_region carboxylase_alpha acaca gene play_important role novo fatty_acid synthesis investigated mutation reported study genomic_region encoding three promoter acaca gene directly sequenced sheep three different breed snp identified allele_frequency snp significantly differed breed the snp potentially altered either gene regulatory_element putative binding_site transcription_factor made evident silico_analysis the association analysis milk trait performed one snp piii genbank showed_significant allelic_substitution effect altamurana gentile breed respectively because snp located binding_site paired box protein transcription_factor shown function efficient promoter element piii transcript expressed_mammary gland snp piii acaca gene might affect variation fat_content sheep milk', 'present_study single_nucleotide polymorphism cfb complement factor gene analyzed commercial_pig population greece gene coding properdin protein play integral role uterine epithelium growth found qtl region many gene associated specific reproductive trait gene considered affect various reproductive trait pig present_study associated gene genotype litter_size sow tnb total number_born nba number_born alive sow genotype gave statistically_significant lower value tnb_nba genotype our_result support concept belongs group gene control litter_size sow thus gene could_used selection programme genetic_improvement reproductive characteristic livestock', 'product nucleobindin gene purportedly play_important role energy_homeostasis experiment conducted determine expression fat depot may controlled pig test_hypothesis regulates appetite secretion gilt prepubertal gilt used study expression fat effect intracerebroventricular injection food intake pituitary hormone secretion growing_pig gilt barrow age sexually mature gilt used test association snp gene growth trait the expression similar subcutaneous_fat compared perirenal fat injection receptor agonist hormone alter expression mrna hypothalamus reduced mrna_expression subcutaneous_fat submaintenance feeding reduced alter expression mrna visfatin leptin increased expression adiponectin mrna fat central injection suppressed feed_intake secretion greater injection saline single_nucleotide polymorphism porcine gene associated adiposity growing_pig age_puberty gilt associated puberty these data indicate expressed fat depot pig level expression sensitive stimulation pathway hypothalamus confirmed herein regulate appetite pig affect gonadotropic axis prepubertal pig association snp porcine gene puberty suggests regulation appetite pig affect growth may important consequence adult phenotype', 'the genetic_improvement reproductive trait number_teat essential success pig_industry opposite snp association study consider continuous phenotype gaussian assumption trait characterized discrete variable could_potentially follow distribution poisson therefore order access complexity counting random_regression considering snp simultaneously covariate gwas modeling bayesian inference tool become necessary currently another point deserves highlighted gwas genetic dissection complex phenotype candidate_gene network derived significant snp present full bayesian treatment snp association analysis number_teat assuming alternatively gaussian poisson distribution trait under framework significant snp effect identified hypothesis test using highest posterior density interval these snp used_construct associated candidate_gene network aiming explain genetic_mechanism behind reproductive trait the bayesian model comparison based deviance posterior_distribution indicated superiority gaussian model general result_suggest presence significant snp mapped gene besides predicted gene interaction_network consistent mammal known breast biology development prolactin receptor signaling cell_proliferation captured known regulation binding_site provided candidate_gene trait ick', 'previous_research several wnt signaling_pathway gene including transcription_factor catenin protein mmtv integration site family_member differentially_expressed stimulated preovulatory ovarian_follicle large_white chinese taihu sow present research three gene selected candidate_gene litter_size trait pig four mutation detected eleven pig population result_indicated major allele tested pig population major allele several chinese_native pig breed association analysis four mutation litter_size large_white div_pig showed signficant difference total number_born tnb number_born alive_nba among three genotype significance additive_effect appeared locus suggesting two mutation might reliable marker pig selection breeding', 'background porcine chromosome harbor four qtl strongly affecting backfat_thickness bft ham_weight intramuscular_fat content_imf loin_eye area lea the confidence_interval qtl overlap span approximately this_study therefore attempt fine_map qtl joint_analysis two population large_white meishan white_duroc erhualian constructed inra jxau respectively furthermore determine_whether qtl caused mutation three positional_candidate gene involved_lipid biosynthesis result linkage_map average_distance marker initial qtl interval created used the qtl bft lea narrowed resulting joint_analysis for imf two linked qtl revealed inra population jxau population causing wider imf qtl linkage analysis using two subset inra dam family demonstrate bft qtl segregating meishan pig moreover haplotype comparison dam suggest within refined qtl region recombination coldspot flanked_marker unlikely contain qtl gene two snp gene identified showed_significant association bft known polymorphism two gene unlikely causal_mutation conclusion the candidate qtl region greatly reduced qtl likely located_downstream recombination coldspot the segregation sscx qtl bft within meishan breed provides opportunity make effective use meishan chromosome crossbreeding further study attempt identify impact additional dna sequence cnv expression variation three gene surrounding gene trait', 'mutation growth_differentiation factor bone_morphogenetic protein significantly_associated reproductive_performance mammal objective_present study identify polymorphic_site elucidate association genotype egg_production polymorphism detected dna_sequencing three snp detected lead substitution leu phe predicted affect protein function result association analysis_indicated effect total egg_production age age_first laying afe affected influenced afe the diplotype_highest conclusion may significantly improved selection genotype maternal line shaobo hen', 'calpastatin associated rate post_mortem degradation structural_protein due regulation calpain activity present research association polymorphism within intron porcine cast gene several meat_quality trait analyzed the cast gene polymorphism affected meat_colour water whc texture parameter toughness firmness cohesiveness chewiness resilience measured longissimus_dorsi semimembranosus_muscle the analysis performed numerous breed maintained poland suggested interesting polymorphism greatest effect whc regardless breed analyzed effect meat firmness toughness breed interestingly almost breed significant effect mutation intramuscular_fat content_imf detected the provided data confirmed use cast gene genetic marker breeding_programme allows performing selection focussed improving quality pork', 'background_improving feed_efficiency major_goal poultry production order_reduce production cost increase possibility using alternative feedstuffs decrease volume manure however spite economic_environmental impact quantitative_trait locus qtl reported trait thus undertook detection qtl chicken cross line_divergently selected low high digestive efficiency week_age bird measured growth day feed_intake feed_conversion ratio day breast abdominal_fat yield day anatomy digestive tract density relative weight length duodenum jejunum ileum ratio proventriculus gizzard_weight examined evaluate excretion trait fresh dry weight water_content nitrogen phosphorus ratio day gizzard jejunum content day measured set single_nucleotide polymorphism distributed gallus_gallus gga autosome chromosome one unassigned linkage_group used qtl detection result using qtlmap_software developed linkage analysis interval_mapping detected qtl feed_intake feed_efficiency trait seven growth six body_composition ten excretion nine qtl significant four feed_intake one feed_efficiency four anatomy carried many qtl different type trait position conclusion_this study identified several qtl region involved control digestive efficiency chicken further study_needed identify gene underlie effect validate commercial population different breeding environment', 'background boar_taint offensive urine odour affecting smell taste cooked pork mature male pig androstenone_skatole fat molecule responsible pig production_system male required breeding castrated shortly birth reduce risk boar_taint there_evidence genetic_variation predisposition boar association study_gwas performed identify locus effect boar_taint five_hundred danish landrace boar high level skatole fat matched litter mate low level skatole measured androstenone dna boar genotyped using_illumina beadchip_after quality_control test snp associated boar_taint performed phenotyped individual snp empirical significance_threshold set permutation for androstenone heritability approach combining_information multiple snp used_estimate genetic_variation attributable individual autosome result highly_significant association found variation skatole level snp within gene chromosome encodes enzyme involved degradation skatole nominal_significance found effect skatole associated snp including region reported previously significance found association snp androstenone_level nominal_significance association snp the regional analysis confirmed large effect androstenone suggest explains genetic_variation androstenone the autosomal heritability analysis also suggest large effect associated androstenone detected using gwas conclusion significant snp association found skatole_androstenone landrace pig the study agrees evidence gene effect skatole breakdown liver autosomal heritability_estimate uncover cluster smaller genetic effect individually exceed threshold gwas significance', 'myostatin transforming_growth superfamily member well documented negative_regulator muscle growth development myostatin amino_acid synthesized precursor protein polymorphism myostatin gene makoei sheep investigated pcr conformation polymorphism technique sscp genomic dna sheep isolated whole blood myostatin intron segment amplified standard pcr using primer four sscp pattern representing four different genotype identified the frequency genotype respectively allele_frequency respectively observed heterozygosity there significant deviation equilibrium locus analysis myostatin gene sequence revealed heterozygous snp agreement result obtained sscp analysis concluded sscp analysis quick sensitive reliable technique determination dna polymorphism the effect genotype trait investigated genotype found associated birth_weight phenotypic association detected genotype association myostatin variant weight_gain detected conclude polymorphism ovine myostatin gene associated birth_weight weight_gain iranian makoei sheep', 'background like human immunodeficiency virus hiv ovine lentivirus ovlv cause lifelong infection ovlv infects one quarter sheep induces pneumonia body condition wasting there vaccine prevent ovlv infection treatment infected animal however breed difference prevalence proviral_concentration indicated genetic_basis susceptibility ovlv recent study identified variant ovlv susceptibility the_objective identify additional locus associated odds control_ovlv infection finding this association study_gwas included sheep rambouillet polypay columbia breed serological status proviral_concentration phenotype analytic model accounted breed age well genotype this approach identified nominal empirical provided additional genomic_region associated odds_infection provided region associated control infection nominal rapid decline linkage_disequilibrium distance suggested many region included gene gene region associated odds_infection included empirical gene region associated control infection included zinc_finger cluster these association provide target mutation discovery sheep susceptibility ovlv aside gene associated previously lentiviral infection specie_knowledge further data specie suggest functional hypothesis future testing gene ovlv lentiviral infection specifically bind may_regulate required enveloped virus assembly human cytomegalovirus zinc_finger transcription_factor associated positive selection repression retroviral replication bind may_regulate known regulator hiv infectivity', 'identify molecular_marker candidate_gene associated reproductive trait analysis performed jinghai_yellow chicken analyze body_weight first_oviposition bwf age_first oviposition afe weight egg first_oviposition few egg_weight age_day number egg produced day_age egg hatchability multiple selection index egg_production msi the result showed seven single_nucleotide polymorphism snp associated reproductive trait bonferroni_correction the seven snp respectively these snp located_close proximity within sequence five candidate_gene including ttl pcnx additional snp could associated reproductive trait identified bonferroni_correction identification candidate_gene well snp may associated reproductive trait greatly advance_understanding genetic_basis molecular_mechanism underlying reproductive trait may practical significance breeding_program improvement_reproductive trait jinghai_yellow chicken', 'kit mutation detected different cancer subtypes including melanoma the gene also extensively studied farm_animal prominent role coat_color the present_work aimed detecting kit variant porcine model cutaneous_melanoma libechov minipig melim sequencing exon_intron border snp one indel identified coding snp three mutation likely affect protein conformation promising variant located exon genotyped melim duroc cross association analysis conducted several trait this variant showed_significant association melanoma development tumor ulceration cutaneous invasion conclusion although kit gene would major causal gene melanoma development pig genetic_variation could influencing trait', 'traditional selection sow reproductive_longevity ineffective due_low heritability late expression trait incorporation dna marker selection_program potentially practical approach improving sow lifetime_productivity using resource_population crossbred gilt explored pleiotropic source variation influence age_puberty reproductive_longevity trait recorded breeding age_puberty significantly affected probability female would produce first_parity litter the genetic_variance explained window sow genome compared across trait uncovered region influence age_puberty lifetime number parity allelic_variant snp located exhibited additive_effect associated early expression puberty greater average number lifetime parity combined analysis snp showed increase number favorable_allele positive impact reproductive_longevity increasing number parity the region located harbor allele arginine vasopressin receptor gene receptor associated social reproductive behavior vole human candidate observed effect this region characterized high level linkage_disequilibrium different line could exploited_selection program across population increase sow reproductive_longevity', 'the proteomics approach used investigate difference porcine_skeletal muscle identified one differential_expression protein present_study gene cloned sequence analyzed using bioinformatics method mrna_expression detected sequence analysis showed porcine gene contains orf encoding residue nucleotide utrs respectively the mrna widely expressed tissue tested especially highly_expressed parorchis fat the expression_pattern similar large_white meishan breed showing expression upregulated day birth downregulated postnatal development skeletal_muscle comparing two breed mrna_abundance large_white highly_expressed meishan developmental_stage moreover synonymous_mutation exon identified association analysis trait meat_quality showed significantly_associated rlf fmp ifr imf imw these_result suggested probably play_key role porcine_skeletal muscle_development may provide_insight molecular_mechanism responsible difference meat_quality', 'obesity complex condition exponentially rising prevalence rate linked severe disease like type diabetes economic welfare consequence led raised interest better_understanding biological genetic background date whole_genome investigation focusing single genetic variant achieved limited success importance including genetic interaction becoming evident here aim perform integrative genomic analysis pig resource_population constructed aim maximize genetic_variation phenotype genotyped using snp_chip firstly genome_wide association_gwa analysis performed obesity index locate candidate genomic_region validated using combined_linkage disequilibrium linkage analysis investigated evaluation haplotype_block built weighted interaction snp hub wish differentially wired network using genotypic correlation amongst snp resulting gwa_analysis gwa result snp module detected wish analysis investigated functional enrichment_analysis the functional_annotation snp revealed several gene associated obesity moreover gene enrichment_analysis identified several significantly_associated pathway gwa study result may_influence obesity obesity related disease metabolic_process wish network based genotypic correlation allowed_identification various gene_ontology term pathway related obesity related trait identified gwa study conclusion first study develop genetic obesity index employ system genetics porcine model provide important insight_complex genetic_architecture associated obesity many biological_pathway underlie', 'play_important role numerous cellular process_involved regulation embryonic_development protein synthesis glycogen metabolism_inflammatory mitosis apoptosis study obtained cdna promoter sequence porcine gene analyzed genomic organization mapped comparative_mapping method moreover analysis_revealed porcine gene widely expressed many tissue high expression_level observed brain spleen addition seven polymorphism detected promoter_region porcine gene association analysis_revealed mspi polymorphism significant association loin_muscle area average_backfat thickness fat_thickness buttock fat_thickness these_result provide_useful information investigation function porcine gene', 'single_nucleotide polymorphism snp_array containing marker employed association study_gwas identify variant associated lean_meat ham lmh lean_meat percentage lmp within porcine large intercross population for individual lmh lmp measured slaughter age_day total animal genotyped the gwas revealed snp showed_significant association lmh lmp rapid_association using_mixed model control approach nineteen significant snp mapped distal_end sus_scrofa chromosome_ssc major known gene responsible muscle_mass located conditioned analysis genotype strongest associated snp included_fixed effect model showed_significant snp derived single quantitative_trait locus the two association snp disappeared conditioned analysis suggested association signal false association derived using population the present result expected lead novel_insight muscle_mass different pig breed lay preliminary foundation study identification_causal mutation subsequent application selection_program improving muscle_mass pig', 'brahman_cattle important tropical region due ability tolerate excessive heat parasite however brahman_cattle exhibit lower carcass quality characteristic compared bos_taurus breed the_objective study evaluate potential association single_nucleotide polymorphism snp six candidate_gene carcass quality composition trait population brahman steer steer evaluated american brahman breeder association carcass evaluation project gonzales texas carcass trait measured included hot_carcass weight ribeye_area marbling_score yield_grade quality_grade dressing percent shear_force score six previously_described candidate_gene chosen snp analysis based previous association growth_carcass trait candidate_gene utilized current_study included calpastatin_cast calpain thyroglobulin growth_hormone insulin growth_factor adiponectin six unique snp three candidate_gene cast significantly_associated carcass quality trait marbling_score quality_grade genotypic effect observed significant snp differing level performance observed animal inheriting different genotype although multiple snp current_study significantly_associated growth_carcass trait validated larger population prior implementation_selection strategy', 'objective the_objective present_study validate gene genomic_region associated carcass_weight using single_nucleotide polymorphism snp_chip hanwoo cattle breed method commercial_hanwoo steer genotyped geneseek genomic_profiler beadchip_after applying quality_control criterion call_rate minor_allele frequency_maf total autosomal snp left association_gwa analysis the gwa test performed_using mixed_linear model age slaughter fitted_fixed effect sire included covariate the level significance set corresponding bonferroni_correction multiple independent test result employing emmax approach based mixed_linear model account population_stratification relatedness identified locus significantly_associated carcass_weight additive_dominant model respectively the second significant snp bovine_chromosome allele_substitution effect some identified region previously_reported associated quantitative_trait locus carcass_weight several beef_cattle breed conclusion_this first association study using snp_chip commercial_hanwoo steer locus newly_identified study may_help better dna marker determine increased beef production commercial_hanwoo cattle further study using larger_sample size allow confirmation candidate identified study', 'background formation vertebral column critical developmental_stage mammal the strict control process resulted little variation number_vertebra across mammalian_specie variation within mammalian_specie the pig quite unique considerable_variation exists number_thoracic vertebra well number_lumbar vertebra least two gene identified affect number_vertebra pig yet considerable genetic_variation still exists therefore association_gwa analysis conducted_identify additional genomic_region affect trait result total animal phenotyped number rib thoracolumbar vertebra well successfully genotyped_illumina porcine_beadchip after data editing snp marker included gwa_analysis these animal also phenotyped kyphosis window_explained least genomic variation vertebra count region significant kyphosis vertnin genotype significantly affected vertebral count well the region largest_effect number_lumbar vertebra thoracolumbar vertebra located hox gene cluster largest association thoracic_vertebra number hox gene cluster genetic marker significant region accounted approximately genomic variation le genomic variation kyphosis described qtl region region associated kyphosis vertebra count conclusion the importance hox gene family vertebral development highlighted significant association detected family further evaluation region characterization variant within gene expand_knowledge vertebral development using natural genetic variant segregating commercial swine', 'the hpa_axis exerts large range effect metabolism immune_system inflammatory process brain function together sympathetic nervous_system also important neuroendocrine system both system influence production trait carcass_composition meat_quality the hpa_axis may critical target genetic selection robust animal indeed numerous study various specie demonstrated importance genetic factor shaping individual hpa_axis phenotype genetic polymorphism found level axis including hormone production adrenal cortex stimulation adrenocorticotropic hormone acth hormone bioavailability receptor postreceptor mechanism the_aim present experiment extend finding brain neurochemical system involved stress_response end number candidate_gene sequenced molecular polymorphism association studied stress neuroendocrine production trait genetically_diverse population consisting female pig advanced_intercross highly divergent breed large_white meishan the breed high production potential lean_meat low hpa_axis activity breed low growth_rate fat large litter highly viable high hpa_axis activity candidate_gene chosen catecholaminergic serotonergic pathway pituitary control cortisol production among gene previously demonstrated differentially_expressed adrenal_gland pig cortisol receptor sixty new polymorphism found the association study carcass meat_quality trait endocrine trait showed number significant result monoamine oxidase maoa polymorphism growth_rate lean content intramuscular_fat important trait carcass value dopamine_receptor carcass_composition vasopressin receptor meat_quality trait the effect polymorphism neuroendocrine parameter hpa_axis catecholamine indicates information regarding biological_mechanism action', 'background obesity excess fat tissue body underlie variety medical complaint including heart disease stroke cancer the pig excellent model organism study various human disorder including obesity well foremost agricultural specie order_identify genetic variant associated fatness used selective genomic approach sampling dna animal extreme end fat lean spectrum using estimated_breeding value derived total population size animal dna breed sire line large_white duroc white pietrain composite line titan used interrogate illumina_porcine genotyping beadchip order_identify significant association term single_nucleotide polymorphism snp copy_number variant cnvs result sampling animal end ebv estimate breeding_value spectrum whole population could assessed using le animal without losing statistical_power indeed several significant snp genome_wide significance_level discovered linked gene_ontology previously correlated fatness nt sst quantitative analysis data identified putative cnv region containing gene whose ontology suggested fatness related function pparα conclusion selective_genotyping ebv either end phenotypic spectrum proved cost effective mean identifying snp cnvs associated fatness estimated major effect large population animal', 'the main goal study screen polymorphism porcine adiponectin adipoq gene promoter analyse influence transcription identify association production trait pig region adipoq gene promoter analysed pig seven novel polymorphism found luciferase_assay performed human embryonic kidney cell primary porcine adipose mesenchymal stem cell padmscs investigate affect promoter_activity indel found influence promoter strength vitro cell line genotype showed greater luciferase_activity genotype padmscs insertion genotype adipoq promoter showed greater luciferase_activity deletion genotype association study performed two novel polymorphism indel showed_significant correlation loin measurement polish_landrace synthetic_line pig', 'the ghrelin ghrl ghrelin receptor ghsr growth_factor receptor gene crucial effect body_weight body_weight gain_bwg feed_intake feed_conversion ratio_fcr many_specie however study association ghrl_ghsr bwg_fcr reported chicken study snp ghrl_ghsr gene genotyped_laser mass_spectrometry the_objective study examine association ghrl_ghsr gene polymorphism day_day age bwg_fcr interval two yellow population total bird the result showed ghrl significantly_associated bwg_fcr for ghsr significant effect fcr showed_significant association bwg strongly_associated fcr_furthermore haplotype based three snp ghrl significantly_associated fcr meanwhile haplotype comprising showed_significant effect fcr therefore concluded identified snp analyzed haplotype study might_useful broiler breeding_program', 'background beef_cattle require dietary mineral optimal health production reproduction concentration mineral tissue least partly genetically determined mapping genomic_region affect mineral_content bovine longissimus_dorsi muscle contribute identification gene control mineral_balance transportation absorption excretion could associated metabolic_disorder method applied association strategy genotyped nelore steer family illumina_bovinehd beadchip association analysis performed mineral_content longissimus_dorsi muscle using_bayesian approach_implemented gensel_software result muscle mineral_content bos_indicus cattle moderately_heritable estimate ranging our_result suggest variation mineral_content influenced numerous qtl quantitative_trait locus qtl explained_additive genetic_variance iron content detected bovine_chromosome most candidate_gene present qtl region mineral_content involved signal transduction signaling_pathway via integral also called intrinsic membrane_protein transcription regulation metal ion binding conclusion_this study identified qtl candidate_gene affect mineral_content skeletal_muscle our_finding provide first_step towards understanding_molecular basis mineral_balance bovine muscle also serve basis study mineral_balance organism', 'most association study pinpointing variant performed within breed the availability_sequence data key_ancestor several cattle breed enables immediate assessment frequency variant population different mapping population imputation large validation population the_objective study validate effect putatively causative_variant milk_production trait male_fertility stature german_fleckvieh animal using targeted sequence imputation used sequence_data animal impute missense_mutation ghr prlr fleckvieh holstein animal the accuracy imputed genotype exceeded variant association testing imputed variant revealed consistent antagonistic effect ghr variant milk_yield protein fat_content respectively breed the allele_frequency polymorphism changed considerably past indicating target recent selection milk_production trait the prlr variant associated yield trait fleckvieh holstein suggesting may linkage_disequilibrium mutation affecting yield trait rather causal the reported effect variant milk_production male_fertility stature could_confirmed our_result demonstrate imputation candidate causal_variant sequence_data feasible enabling rapid validation large independent population', 'background previous association analysis identified qtl region chromosome percentage_normal sperm scrotal_circumference brahman tropical composite cattle these trait important studied indicator male_fertility correlated female_sexual precocity reproductive_longevity the_aim investigate candidate_gene region identify putative_causative mutation influence trait addition tested identified mutation female_fertility growth trait result using combination bioinformatics molecular assay technology twelve snp eleven gene genotyped cattle population three nine snp explained_additive genetic_variance percentage_normal sperm scrotal_circumference respectively the snp major influence percentage_normal sperm mapped gene gene scrotal_circumference one snp explained_additive genetic_variance scrotal_circumference month the tested snp also associated weight measurement female_fertility trait conclusion the strong association snp located chromosome gene male_fertility trait validates qtl the implicated gene became good_candidate used genetic_evaluation without detrimentally influencing female_fertility trait', 'background_improving meat_quality including taste tenderness critical protection development market sheep meat phenotypic selection measure meat_quality constrained fact parameter measured carcass_composition impact meat_quality measured_live animal using advanced imaging technology computed tomography since carcass_composition trait heritable potentially amenable improvement genomic_selection conducted association study_gwas scottish_blackface lamb detailed carcass_composition phenotype including bone fat muscle component captured using genotyped single_nucleotide polymorphism snp using_illumina chip result confirmed carcass_composition trait heritable moderate_high heritabilities the gwas analysis_revealed multiple snp quantitative_trait locus qtl associated effect carcass_composition trait significant level particular identified region ovine_chromosome associated bone weight bone area harboured snp value respectively the region effect fat area fat density fat weight muscle density identified plausible positional_candidate gene qtl also detected snp reached_significance threshold value associated muscle density using regional_heritability mapping approach also detected region reached_significance bone_density conclusion identified qtl particularly associated effect muscle fat bone trait based available evidence indicates trait genetically_correlated meat_quality trait associated snp potential_application selective_breeding improved meat_quality further_research required determine_whether effect associated qtl caused single gene several gene', 'transition nuclear protein tnps major protein found chromatin condensing spermatid implicated spermatogenesis male_fertility study dna_sample collected chinese_holstein bull sequenced identify genetic variant region_utr investigate genetic_variation gene common haplotype this_study also conducted determine_whether variation affect bovine semen_quality trait expression_level fragment_length polymorphism bioinformatics_analysis quantitative_pcr qpcr fluorescence assay result showed one new polymorphism snp one reported snp found gene bioinformatics_analysis result revealed locus located region respectively association study revealed bull agag aggg haplotype_combination exhibited lower deformity rate haplotype_combination the qpcr result showed relative mrna_expression bull haplotype_combination significantly_higher bull haplotype_combination microrna qpcr result suggested expression downregulated adult bull testicular tissue compared fetal bull testicular tissue contrast expression downregulated luciferase_assay result also indicated expression directly targeted murine leydig tumor cell line these_result provide first indication translational suppression snp altered binding mediated translational suppression could involved_regulation expression may_influence morphological characteristic chinese_holstein bull sperm propose snp may_help select semen_quality trait chinese_holstein bull dairy_industry', 'attainment puberty key developmental event influenced genetic environmental_factor examining age attainment puberty observed closely_related ram davisdale line whose daughter differed age attained puberty candidate_gene approach used identify mutation may underlie observed difference four ram divergent phenotype daughter age onset_puberty selected sequencing the coding_region gene known role_regulating reproductive function searched polymorphism snp altered amino_acid sequence protein interest three snp leptin_receptor gene lepr sequenom assay developed determine genotype snp daughter son founding sire higher percentage ewe lamb homozygous lepr mutation failed undergo puberty age undergo puberty first breeding season average approximately day older homozygous ewe heterozygous ewe intermediate measurement given predicted change protein function produced mutation lepr strong association genotype onset_puberty phenotype propose mutation lepr underlies observed difference age onset_puberty davisdale line furthermore animal likely provide_useful model better_understand role leptin regulation puberty', 'background feed contributes total production cost_poultry industry increasing feed cost prompt geneticist include feed_intake efficiency selection goal breeding_program present_study used chicken population association study_gwas detect potential genetic variant candidate_gene associated daily_feed intake_feed efficiency including residual_feed intake_rfi feed_conversion ratio_fcr method total hen white_leghorn dongxiang reciprocal_cross phenotyped feed_intake efficiency week_week genotyped using chicken single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genotyping_array univariate_bivariate conditional association study_gwas performed gemma efficient_mixed model association algorithm the statistical_significance threshold association inferred simplem method result identified eight genomic_region contained least_one genetic variant showed_significant association genomic_region gallus_gallus gga chromosome coincided known quantitative_trait locus qtl affect feed_intake layer particular_interest eight snp region consistently associated univariate_bivariate gwas explained_phenotypic variance respectively the gene considered promising_candidate for rfi haplotype_block harbored significant snp associated the major allele favorable lower rfi phenotypic difference opposite homozygous genotype strong signal detected bivariate gwas fcr conclusion the result demonstrated polygenic_nature feed_intake gwas identified novel variant confirmed qtl previously_reported feed_intake chicken genetic variant associated feed_efficiency may used genomic breeding_program select efficient layer', 'association study_gwas provide powerful approach identifying quantitative_trait locus without prior knowledge location function identify locus associated wool production trait performed association study total chinese_merino sheep_junken type genotyped single_nucleotide polymorphism snp present_study five wool production trait examined fiber_diameter fiber_diameter coefficient_variation fineness dispersion staple length crimp detected significant snp fiber_diameter fiber_diameter coefficient_variation fineness dispersion crimp trait chinese_merino sheep about significant snp marker located_within known predicted gene including ywhaz tspear nbea gene our_result confirm result previous_report also provide suite novel snp marker candidate_gene associated wool trait our_finding useful exploring genetic control wool trait sheep', 'the growth_hormone gene play_important role physiological_function organism the current_study aimed_investigate correlation polymorphism regulatory region exon untranslated_region utr sheep gene sheep growth trait the dna adult sheep analyzed dna_sequencing polymerase_chain reaction conformation polymorphism two allele genotype allele genotype allele genotype found within regulatory region exon utr respectively tibetan sheep association analysis_indicated statistically_significant difference score weight length heart_girth within regulatory region weight length wither height heart_girth within exon weight length wither height heart_girth within utr among different genotype for exon poll_dorset sheep individual genotype showed lower score genotype with regard utr poll_dorset sheep genotype showed higher score genotype', 'background current trend sheep farming practice rely animal greater level behavioral autonomy phenotype actively contributes sustainability animal production social_reactivity reactivity human relevant behavioral trait sheep known strong gregariousness weak tolerance handling previously_reported moderate_high heritabilities identify locus underlying behavior performed genome study romane lamb result the experiment carried male_female lamb allocated family average lamb per family reared outside after weaning lamb individually exposed standardized behavioral_test combining social isolation exposure human handling confinement novelty arena test corridor test isolation box test shearing test broad_range behavior including vocalization locomotion vigilance flight distance well cortisol_response handling collected all lamb genotyped using_illumina beadchip qtl detection performed linkage association joint linkage association analysis using qtlmap_software five main qtl region identified sheep chromosome ovis_aries region oar among many qtls small_moderate effect the qtls showed_significant association social_reactivity the qtls found associated reactivity human overlapping qtls identified different trait measured behavioral_test supporting_hypothesis different genetic factor influence social_reactivity tolerance human conclusion the result study using ovine snp data suggest domestic_sheep behavioral response social separation exposure human polygenic influence the relevant qtls reported present_study contain interesting_candidate gene previously_described associated various emotional social_behavior mammal', 'background understanding_underlying pleiotropic relationship_among quantitative_trait necessary order predict correlated response artificial_selection the availability_sequence data cattle provided_opportunity examine_whether pleiotropy responsible overlapping qtl multiple economic trait present_study examined qtl affecting cattle stillbirth calf_size adult_stature located genomic_region result genome_scan using_imputed whole_genome sequence_variant revealed one qtl large effect service sire calving index sci body_conformation index bci location chromosome nordic_red cattle the targeted region analyzed sci bci component trait the qtl peak included lcorl ncapg gene reported influence fetal_growth adult_stature several specie the qtl exhibited large effect calf_size stature nordic_red cattle two deviant haplotype resolved increased calf_size birth affected adult body_conformation however haplotype also resulted increased calving_difficulty calf_mortality due increased calf_size birth haplotype location overlapped however linkage_disequilibrium site low suggesting two independent mutation responsible similar effect the difference prevalence two haplotype nordic_red subpopulation suggested independent origin different population conclusion result study identified qtl large effect body_conformation service sire calving trait chromosome cattle present robust evidence variation lcorl ncapg locus affect calf_size birth adult_stature suggest two deviant haplotype within qtl due two independent mutation', 'background gastrointestinal_nematode one serious cause disease domestic ruminant worldwide there_considerable variation resistance_gastrointestinal nematode within sheep breed appears due underlying genetic_diversity through selection resistant_animal rapid genetic_progress demonstrated research commercial flock recent_advance genome sequencing genomic technology provide_new opportunity understand ovine host_response gastrointestinal_nematode molecular level identify polymorphism conferring nematode_resistance result divergent_line romney perendale sheep selectively bred high_low faecal nematode egg_count genotyped using ovine beadchip the resulting snp data analysed selective_sweep locus associated resistance susceptibility gastrointestinal_nematode infection population differentiation using fst peddrift revealed sixteen region included candidate_gene involved chitinase activity cytokine response two sixteen region identified contained within previously identified qtls associated nematode_resistance conclusion study identified fourteen novel region associated resistance susceptibility gastrointestinal_nematode result study support_hypothesis host_resistance internal nematode_parasite likely controlled number locus moderate small effect', 'litter_size sheep determined mainly ovulation_rate several polymorphism identified growth_differentiation factor gene result increase prolificacy sheep screening databank brazilian sheep breeder association triplet delivery identified flock prolific ile france ewe after resequencing point_mutation identified resulting_amino acid_change cleavage site propeptide this new allele called vacaria fecg flock ewe evaluated first three breeding season vacaria heterozygote higher averaging compared ewe the also influenced age increasing second_third breeding season flock segregating allele higher mutant sheep averaging heterozygote ewe analysis homozygote reproductive_tract morphology revealed uterine ovarian hypoplasia ovarian_follicle continue develop small antral stage although abnormal oocyte morphology altered arrangement granulosa cell after collapse oocyte follicle remaining cell formed cluster persisted ovary this snp useful improve selection dam prolificacy also model investigate processing fate follicular cell remain oocyte demise', 'background bovine milk provides important mineral essential human_nutrition dairy_product quality for changing mineral composition milk improve dietary need human_nutrition technological_property milk thorough understanding_genetics underlying milk mineral_content important therefore aim_study estimate genetic_parameter individual mineral danish_holstein danish_jersey milk detect genomic_region associated mineral_content milk using association study_gwas approach result for high_heritabilities found high_heritabilities found furthermore intermediate heritabilities found the gwas revealed total significant snp marker detected total significant snp marker detected comparing list significant marker revealed snp common breed this snp marker closely_linked gene even_though found significant snp marker significant snp overlap conclusion the result_show show high_heritabilities combination gwas result open possibility select specific mineral bovine milk', 'the uncoupling_protein play_important role_regulation lipolysis thermogenesis adipose_tissue genetic_variation within three region promoter intron_exon ovine gene investigated using polymerase_chain conformational_polymorphism analysis these revealed three promoter variant designated two intron variant the association genetic_variation variation lamb carcass trait postweaning growth investigated new_zealand romney suffolk_sheep the presence lamb genotype associated decreased subcutaneous carcass fat_depth proportion total lean_meat yield loin meat increased proportion total lean_meat yield meat contrast two copy associated increased proportion total lean_meat yield shoulder meat decreased yield association found postweaning growth these_result suggest ovine potential gene marker carcass trait', 'the finnish_landrace finnsheep well known sheep breed used many_country source genetic material increase fecundity local_breed analysis date indicated mutation large effect ovulation_rate responsible exceptional prolificacy finnsheep the_objective study ascertain known mutation large effect ovulation_rate sheep dna sequence_variant within candidate_gene implicated high_prolificacy finnish_landrace breed using material line developed divergent selection ovulation_rate genotyping result showed none known mutation fecbb fecxb fecxg fecxgr fecxh fecxi fecxl fecxo fecxr fecge fecgh fecgt present sample finnsheep thus contribute exceptional prolificacy breed however dna sequence analysis identified previously known mutation whose frequency differed significantly high_low ovulation_rate line while analysis ovulation_rate data finnsheep failed establish significant association trait analysis data belclare sheep revealed significant association ovulation_rate ewe heterozygous exhibited increased ovulation_rate compared wild type effect ovulation_rate heterozygote significantly lower_mean homozygote this finding brings number mutation large effect ovulation_rate sheep including fecbb fecge fecxo fecxgr number mutation within tgfβ superfamily positive effect prolificacy homozygous state', 'daughter sired bull believed carrier major gene high ovulation_rate evaluated ovulation_rate genotyped effort test_hypothesis segregation major gene map gene location total daughter produced four consecutive year university research farm all evaluated ovulation_rate average four estrous cycle using transrectal ultrasonography the sire daughter genotyped using snp_chip genotype phenotype data used linkage analysis subsequently daughter recombinant within qtl region sire genotyped successively snp_chip refine_location causative polymorphism positional_candidate gene within region examined polymorphism sanger sequencing pcr amplicons encompassing coding flanking_region gene sire dna used template pcr reaction strong_evidence major gene ovulation_rate observed gene localized bovine_chromosome subsequently reduced location region chromosome the location identified correspond_previously identified major gene ovulation_rate this region contains three candidate_gene iqch while candidate_gene screening failed_identify causative polymorphism three polymorphism identified used haplotype track inheritance high ovulation_rate allele descendant carrier sire', 'single_nucleotide polymorphism snp promoter_region bovine ankyrin associated tenderness intramuscular_fat level beef the_objective study characterise novel dna variant coding_region bovine test association beef quality trait region cdna amplified sequenced charolais cattle using five set overlapping primer eighteen snp identified predicted exon confirmed silico translation indicated three snp genotyped crossbred cattle associated meat_quality data associated texture score associated juiciness haplotype chap associated lightness_redness ultimate well sarcomere length allele gene could potential target selection improve range meat_quality trait beef', 'identifying genomic_region particularly individual gene associated semen_quality trait may important improving sire fertility via selective_breeding the_aim study estimate variance_component effect single_nucleotide polymorphism snp illumina_beadchip illumina_san diego semen production trait find candidate_gene trait the analyzed data_set originates polish dairy_cattle population consists bull kept artificial_insemination station for bull semen production trait collected sperm_concentration semen_volume number_spermatozoon motility motility score multitrait mixed_model used_estimate genetic_parameter the parameter obtained used_estimate snp effect trait separately mixed_model used polish direct genomic value project additionally gene located_vicinity significant snp selected candidate_gene for motility significant snp located autosome identified for sperm_concentration found significant snp chromosome chromosome for semen_volume motility score significant snp detected respectively all snp located chromosome for number_spermatozoon significant snp observed six snp located chromosome chromosome chromosome this_study clearly indicated key_role chromosome determination semen_quality emphasized including trait genetic_evaluation strongly considered', 'sheep chromosome largest_number qtls reported significantly_associated resistance_nematode this_study aimed_identify single_nucleotide polymorphism snp within candidate_gene located sheep chromosome well gene involved major immune_pathway total snp identified across candidate_gene panel unrelated sheep genotyped animal belonging breed across asia europe south america the variation evolution immune_pathway gene assessed sheep population across region significantly differ diversity load pathogen the mean minor_allele frequency_maf vary asian european sheep reflecting absence ascertainment bias phylogenetic_analysis revealed two major cluster south asian south east asian south west asian breed clustering together european south american sheep breed clustered together distinctly analysis molecular variance revealed strong phylogeographic structure locus located immune_pathway gene unlike microsatellite genome_wide snp marker understand influence natural selection process snp locus located chromosome utilized reconstruct haplotype diversity showed_significant deviation selective neutrality reduced median network reconstructed haplotype showed balancing selection force locus preliminary association snp genotype phenotype recorded day_post challenge revealed significant difference fecal_egg count body_weight change packed_cell volume two four six snp locus respectively conclusion present_study report strong phylogeographic structure balancing selection operating snp locus located_within immune_pathway gene further snp locus identified study found potential future large_scale association study naturally exposed sheep population', 'background calving_difficulty perinatal_mortality prevalent cattle production_system genetic component trait yet little_known underlying genomic architecture particularly beef breed therefore performed association study using genotype elucidate genomic architecture trait identify region bovine genome associated result genomic_region associated calving_difficulty direct_maternal perinatal_mortality detected using two statistical approach single_nucleotide polymorphism regression_bayesian approach data included genotype charolais_limousin bull several novel previously identified genomic_region detected association differed breed for_example two genomic association one chromosome explained genetic_variance direct_calving difficulty charolais population respectively imputed_sequence data used refine genomic_region responsible significant association several candidate_gene chromosome identified four highly_significant missense variant detected within three gene nevertheless contained missense variant putative impact direct_calving difficulty based sift_polyphen score using_imputed sequence_data refined genomic_region chromosome associated maternal_calving difficulty population found strongest_association intronic variant pclo gene performed across three breed calving_performance trait identify common variant associated trait three breed our_result suggest portion genetic_variation calving_performance common three breed conclusion the genomic architecture calving_performance complex mainly influenced many polymorphism small effect identified several association moderate effect size majority indicating allele exist calving_performance linkage phase genotyped allele causal_mutation varies breed', 'fatty_acid binding_protein fabps bind fatty_acid involved intracellular transport known bovine fabp gene mapped region chromosome contains quantitative_trait locus milk trait this_study investigated association haplotype milk_production trait jersey cow polymerase_chain strand conformational_polymorphism analysis variable region gene revealed three haplotype five single_nucleotide polymorphism snp identified two exon three intron associated increased milk_protein percentage present absent associated increased milk_yield present absent tended associated decrease protein_percentage increase protein_yield cow genotype produced le milk higher protein_percentage cow this suggest affect milk_yield milk_protein content economically_important trait study gene warranted', 'melatonin_receptor mediate function melatonin play_important role adipocyte_differentiation energy lipid_metabolism the_aim study identify single_nucleotide polymorphism snp bovine melatonin_receptor determine snp associated body_measurement trait bmts meat_quality trait mqts_qinchuan cattle identified three synonymous_mutation one missense_mutation gene qinchuan_cattle sequencing association analysis_indicated four snp associated bmts_mqts further combined haplotype_constructed guarantee reliability analysis result individual diplotypes greater chest_depth heart_girth loin_muscle area back_fat combination pertaining mutation study exhibited higher mrna_expression gene among individual genotype genotype these_result suggest genotype could_used molecular_marker combined genotype future selection bmts_mqts qinchuan_cattle', 'ovine lentivirus ovlv lentivirus found many_country cause interstitial pneumonia mastitis arthritis cachexia sheep there preventive vaccine cure breed difference suggest selective_breeding might improve odds_infection control_ovlv although variant consistent association odds_infection variant gene associated host control_ovlv multiple animal set proviral_concentration diagnostic measure ovlv control related severity lesion recent association study identified region including four zinc_finger gene associated proviral_concentration one rambouillet flock refine region tested additional variant identified small variant near showed consistent association proviral_concentration three animal set these animal set contained rambouillet polypay crossbred sheep multiple location management condition strikingly one flock exceptionally high prevalence including yearling mean proviral_concentration possibly due needle sharing the best estimate proviral_concentration genotype obtained animal tested showed insertion homozygote le half proviral_concentration genotype future work test additional breed management condition viral subtypes identify functional property haplotype deletion variant track knowledge_first genetic variant consistently associated host control_ovlv multiple sheep_flock', 'background the sensitivity association study detection quantitative_trait locus qtl depends density marker examined statistical_model used this_study compare performance three marker_density refine six previously detected qtl region mastitis trait marker snp single_nucleotide polymorphism chip imputed marker snp_chip imputed sequencing data seq each dataset contained data danish_holstein cattle comparison performed_using linear_mixed model bayesian_variable selection model bvs result after_quality control snp six targeted region remained seq_data respectively general association pattern snp trait similar three marker_density tested using statistical_model with model seq snp significantly_associated mastitis whereas bvs_model seq significant snp bayes_factor observed total seq significant snp identified model addition one qtl peak seq_data detected according qtl intensity profile snp bin bvs_model conclusion the power_detect significant association increased increasing marker_density the bvs_model resulted clearer boundary linked qtl model using seq_data six targeted region refined candidate qtl region udder_health the comparison candidate qtl region known gene suggested dck lifr may_considered candidate_gene mastitis_susceptibility', 'most published genomewide_association study_gwas sheep investigated recessively inherited monogenic trait the_objective ass feasibility performing gwas dominant trait genetic_basis already known total manchega rasa aragonesa sheep segregate solid black white coat pigmentation genotyped using beadchip previous analysis manchegas demonstrated complete association pigmentation trait allele gene setting priori expectation gwas multiple method used identify quantify strength population substructure black white animal allelic association testing performed snp following correction substructure gwas identified strongly_associated snp also closest_gene the finding strongly supported permutation random_forest analysis importantly gwas identified unlinked snp slightly lower random_forest analysis_indicated false_positive suggesting interpretation based approach beneficial the result_indicate combined analytical approach successful study modest number animal available substantial population_stratification exists', 'the efficiency association analysis gwas depends power_detection quantitative_trait locus qtl precision qtl mapping study three different strategy gwas applied detect qtl carcass quality trait korean cattle hanwoo linkage_disequilibrium single locus regression_method ldrm combined_linkage linkage_disequilibrium analysis_ldla bayescπ approach the phenotype steer collected weaning_weight wwt yearling_weight ywt carcass_weight cwt backfat_thickness bft longissimus_dorsi muscle_area marbling_score marb also genotype data steer sire scored illumina_bovine single_nucleotide polymorphism snp_chip for two former gwas method threshold value set false_discovery rate level threshold value set latter model top five window comprised adjacent snp chosen significant variation phenotype four major additive qtl three method high concordance found bos_taurus autosome_bta wwt cwt bft bft several candidate_gene glutamate receptor ionotropic ampa family sequence_similarity member thymocyte high_mobility group box tox may identified close qtl our_result suggests use different linkage_disequilibrium mapping approach provide reliable chromosome region pinpoint dna maker causative gene region', 'association study_gwas performed investigate seven red_blood cell rbc phenotype domestic_sheep ovis_aries three breed columbia polypay rambouillet single_nucleotide polymorphism snp showed_significant association increased mean_corpuscular hemoglobin_concentration mchc suggestive association decreased mean_corpuscular volume_mcv the ovine hapmap project found genomic_region peak snp extreme historical selective pressure demonstrating importance region survival reproduction artificially selected trait observed large variant haplotype sequence containing divergent artiodactyl_repeat strong_linkage disequilibrium associated snp myadm gene family_member play_role membrane organization formation myeloid cell however knowledge member myadm gene family identified development morphologically variant rbc the specific rbc difference may indicative alteration morphology additionally erythrocyte altered morphological structure often exhibit increased structural fragility leading increased rbc turnover energy expenditure the divergent artiodactyl_repeat also associated increased ewe lifetime kilogram lamb weaned this_suggests selection normal rbc might increase lamb weight although validation required implementation_selection these_result provide clue explain strong selection artiodactyl_repeat locus sheep suggest myadm family_member may important rbc morphology mammal', 'previous association study revealed several single_nucleotide polymorphism snp explained observed phenotypic_variation meat_tenderness polyunsaturated_fatty acid_pufa content australian lamb confirm validity associated snp predicting meat_tenderness pufa_content independent validation study_designed the genotype animal used impute snp meat_quality research mqr panel genotype nearly animal cooperative research_centre sheep industry innovation information nucleus flock sheep genomics falkiner memorial field station flock association analysis_revealed numerous snp snp mqr panel associated carcass quality fat_depth eye_muscle depth shear_force day_day slaughter pufa_content however snp independently validated the magnitude effect significant snp relative allele_frequency across progeny determined the independently validated snp associated snp pufa_content accelerate effort improve phenotypic trait australian lamb', 'background growth meat production trait significant economic trait sheep the_aim study identify candidate_gene affecting growth meat production trait genome level high_throughput single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genotyping_technology methodology and result using_illumina beadchip performed gwa study purebred sheep growth meat production trait birth_weight weaning_weight weight eye_muscle area fat_thickness gain gain daily weight_gain height withers chest_girth shin circumference after_quality control sheep snp analyzed tassel program mixed_linear model_mlm significant snp identified trait reached_significance level gain gene annotation_implemented latest sheep genome released october more snp located_within ovine gene others located_close ovine gene apart the strongest new finding gene thought crucial candidate_gene associated gain located_within ovine gene rfxank located_within camkmt trhde respectively pol thought important candidate_gene affecting gain additionally gene significance_level also forecasted promising gene influencing sheep growth meat production trait conclusion the result contribute similar study facilitate potential utilization gene involved growth meat production trait sheep future', 'egg number egg_laying rate age_first egg_afe important production trait related egg_production poultry_industry better_understand knowledge genetic_architecture dynamic whole laying cycle provide precise position associated variant afe laying record week_age collected individually hen produced reciprocal_cross white_leghorn dongxiang_chicken genotype assayed chicken affymetrix high_density genotyping_array subsequently pedigree genetic_parameter estimated association study_gwas conducted afe the heritability_estimate similar pedigree estimate varying gwa_analysis identified nine significant locus associated laying period week_week week analysis clspn suggested influenced function ovary uterus may_considered relevant candidate the identified snp accumulative week chromosome created phenotypic difference egg two homozygous genotype could_potentially applied molecular breeding selection moreover finding showed_moderate polygenic trait the suggestive significant region chromosome afe suggested relationship sex maturity immune current population the present_study comprehensively evaluates role genetic variant development egg_laying the finding_helpful investigation causative gene function future selection genomic_selection chicken', 'study procedure used_analyze data_set scan one based linkage analysis information combing linkage_disequilibrium linkage analysis_ldla determine quantitative_trait locus qtl influencing milk_production trait sheep total animal family genotyped using beadchip_illumina san_diego analysis performed_using daughter_design moreover data_set previously investigated association_gwa analysis comparison result method possible the linkage analysis_ldla methodology yielded different result although significantly_associated region common procedure the linkage analysis detected overlapping significant qtl sheep chromosome oar influencing milk_yield protein_yield fat_yield whereas significant qtl region detected using ldla approach the significant qtl protein fat_percentage detected reported previous gwa_analysis both linkage analysis_ldla identified many significant association across different sheep autosome additional analysis performed determine possible_causality significant polymorphism identified genetic effect previously_reported gwa_analysis for analysis demonstrated additional genetic proof causality previously suggested group single_nucleotide polymorphism located gene lalba summary although result shown suggest commercial dairy population ldla method exhibit higher efficiency map qtl simple linkage analysis linkage_disequilibrium method believe comparing analysis method best approach obtain global picture identifiable qtl segregating population level', 'some sheep breed naturally prolific informative study reproductive genetics physiology major gene increasing litter_size ovulation_rate suspected french grivette polish olkuska sheep population respectively identify genetic variant responsible highly_prolific phenotype two breed association study_gwas followed complementary genetic functional analysis performed highly_prolific ewe case normal prolific ewe control breed genotyped using_illumina genotyping beadchip population chromosome region close gene harbored cluster marker suggestive_evidence association significance_level the candidate_gene sequenced two novel mutation called fecx_fecx identified grivette olkuska breed respectively the two mutation associated highly_prolific phenotype fecx_fecx homozygous ewe mutated allele showed significantly increased prolificacy fecx versus fecx_fecx versus fecx both mutation located well conserved motif protein altered signaling activity_vitro using luciferase test granulosa cell thus identified two novel mutation gene associated increased notably homozygous_fecx grivette homozygous_fecx olkuska ewe hyperprolific striking contrast sterility exhibited known homozygous mutation our_result bring new_insight key_role played protein ovarian function could contribute_better understanding pathogenesis woman fertility disorder', 'genetic_variation micrornas_mirnas including primary mirnas precursor mirnas mature mirnas lead phenotypic_variation altering biogenesis mirnas binding target mrna increasing functional study suggest polymorphism occurring mirnas lead phenotypic_variation farm_animal here identified single_nucleotide polymorphism snp located precursor chicken gene the association study body index body_weight different growth stage carcass trait performed population resource the snp significantly_associated body_weight week respectively also chicken shank_length chest_depth body_slanting length_week shank_length pectoral angle body_slanting length pelvis breadth_week respectively and polymorphism also significantly_associated carcass trait including weight_evisceration weight breast_muscle weight leg weight carcass_weight well the observed value individual genotype significantly_higher genotype body_weight different stage carcass trait this snp altered predicted second structure altering free energy value and relative expression_level mature mirna significantly changed leg_muscle our data suggested may candidate_gene associated chicken growth trait', 'improved meat_quality greater muscle yield highly sought chicken breeding_program past study indicated polymorphism perilipin gene highly associated adiposity mammal potential molecular_marker improving meat_quality carcass trait chicken present_study screened single_nucleotide polymorphism snp exon gene direct sequencing method six population different genetic background total individual evaluated association polymorphism carcass meat_quality trait identified three snp located flanking_region exon chromosome respectively eight main haplotype_constructed based snp calculated allelic genotypic_frequency genetic_diversity parameter three snp the polymorphism information content_pic ranged reflected intermediate genetic_diversity chicken the genotype influenced percentage breast_muscle pbm percentage leg_muscle plm percentage abdominal_fat diplotypes haplotype pair affected percentage eviscerated weight pew_pbm compared chicken carrying diplotypes greatest pew greatest pbm diplotype smallest pew_pbm conclude gene polymorphism may affect broiler carcass breast_muscle yield diplotypes could positive molecular_marker enhance pew_pbm chicken', 'hereditary underdevelopment ear condition also known microtia observed several sheep breed well human specie it genetic_basis sheep unknown the awassi sheep breed native southwest asia carry phenotype targeted molecular characterization via association study dna_sample collected sheep jordan eight affected normal individual genotyped_illumina chip multilocus analysis failed_identify genotypic association contrast analysis_revealed statistically_significant association snp basepair this marker adjacent gene_encoding transcription_factor shown play_role many developmental_process including chondrogenesis the lack extended homozygosity region suggests fairly ancient mutation time occurrence estimated approximately year ago many earless sheep breed may thus share causative_mutation especially within subgroup wool sheep', 'stallion impaired acrosome reaction iar may often cause subfertility single_nucleotide polymorphism snp within protein seem associated iar stallion however effect stallion_fertility yet quantified using sequence_data seven stallion searched mutation perform_association study hanoverian_stallion estimated_breeding value paternal component_pregnancy rate per oestrus cycle target trait genotyping five exonic mutation within revealed significant association snp hanoverian_stallion the difference among two homozygous genotype corresponding one standard_deviation conclusion hanoverian_stallion snp confers higher conception_rate homozygous lower conception_rate homozygous hanoverian_stallion thus missense_mutation significantly_associated stallion_fertility', 'the protein bpi gene identified candidate_gene breeding evaluated whether polymorphism exon bpi gene associated immune index study identified one mutation bpi_exon site two mutation bpi_exon site correlation analysis_revealed sutai_pig population effect genotype_bpi exon_site level significant effective genotype moreover effect genotype_bpi exon_site level significant effective genotype the optimal combined genotype effective regarding level compared combined genotype these_result indicate single_nucleotide polymorphism combined genotype_bpi exon affect immune index sutai_pig therefore genotype examined effective marker breeding pig', 'thoroughbred relatively recent horse breed best known use horse racing although myostatin_mstn variant reported highly associated horse racing_performance trait likely polygenic_nature the_purpose study identify genetic variant strongly_associated racing_performance using estimated_breeding value_ebv race time phenotype conducted association study search genetic variant associated ebv first stage association study relatively large number marker polymorphism snp evaluated small number sample horse second stage relatively_small number marker identified large effect snp evaluated much larger number sample horse also validated snp related mstn known large effect racing_performance found significant association stage two analysis stage one identified significant snp related gene among six gene function_related myogenesis five gene involved muscle maintenance knowledge gene newly_reported genetic association racing_performance thoroughbred complement recent horse association study racing_performance identified snp gene significant variant these_result help expand_knowledge polygenic_nature racing_performance thoroughbred', 'pork_quality important meat processing industry consumer purchasing attitude copy_number variation cnv burgeoning kind variant may_influence meat_quality study association study_gwas performed cnvs meat_quality trait swine after false_discovery rate_fdr correction total cnvs chromosome identified significantly_associated least_one meat_quality trait all cnvs verified next_generation sequencing six verified qpcr only haplotype_block containing adjacent significant snp associated meat_quality suggesting effect cnvs likely captured tag snp the dna dosage est expression overlap obesity related gene consistent rna expression suggesting_might involved expression regulation finally influence meat_quality concluded cnvs may_contribute genetic_variation meat_quality beyond snp several candidate cnvs worth exploration', 'background since pig one important livestock animal worldwide mapping locus associated economically_important trait trait influence animal_welfare extremely relevant efficient future pig breeding therefore purpose_study mapping quantitative_trait locus qtl associated nine body_composition bone_mineral trait absolute fat lean percentage fatpc leanpc fat lean mass live_weight weight soft tissue attenuation coefficient absolute bmc percentage bmcpc bone_mineral content bone_mineral density_bmd method data nine trait investigated obtained absorptiometry pig day old addition pig genotyped using_illumina genotyping beadchip based data combined_linkage linkage_disequilibrium analysis conducted thus used sliding_window consisted adjacent single_nucleotide polymorphism snp for middle sliding_window variance_component analysis carried_using asreml the underlying mixed_linear model included random qtl polygenic_effect fixed_effect sex housing season age result using significance_threshold significant peak identified trait except bmcpc overall identified qtl chromosome significantly_associated one trait remaining one trait for_example qtl chromosome included highest peak across genome four trait fat fatpc leanpc the nearby gene known associated body mass index human involved starvation drosophila make extremely good_candidate gene qtl conclusion_our qtl mapping approach identified qtl confirmed result previous_study pig however also detected significant association published able_identify number new promising_candidate gene', 'the_aim study identify snp marker associate variation beef heifer reproduction_performance calf association study performed mean generalized score gqls_method using heifer genotype beadchip estimated_breeding value body_weight pbw pregnancy_rate calving_difficulty age_first calving afc calf birth_weight bwt calf weaning_weight wwt calf average_daily gain_adg data_consisted replacement heifer three canadian research herd namely brandon research_centre brandon manitoba university alberta roy berg kinsella ranch kinsella alberta lacombe research_centre lacombe alberta after_applying false_discovery rate_correction significance_level total snp significantly_associated pbw afc bwt wwt adg respectively these snp located chromosome chromosome snp pleiotropic_effect new significant snp impact functional trait detected many previously_reported the result study support quantitative genetic study related inheritance trait provides_new knowledge regarding beef_cattle quantitative_trait locus effect the identification snp provides starting_point identify gene affecting heifer reproduction trait performance calf bwt wwt adg they also contribute_better understanding_biology underlying trait potentially_useful selection management', 'background female_fertility fundamental trait required animal reproduction gradually declined last_decade japanese_black cattle identify associated genetic variant japanese_black cattle evaluated female_fertility metric describe average inverse number artificial_insemination required conception first fourth parity conducted association study_gwas using animal extreme value animal result found variant namely polymorphism snp indel upstream region activin receptor iia gene associated transcript japanese_black cattle haplotype defined snp indel increased abundant transcript agreement reporter assay result revealed activity promoter higher reporter construct_haplotype haplotype approximately fold expression exogenous induced increase reporter activity hormone beta polypeptide fshb promoter response activin pituitary gonadotrophic cell line the finding suggested sequence variation upstream region haplotype increased transcription turn induced fshb expression this association replicated using sample population size animal frequency haplotype haplotype substitution resulted increase term conclusion_this gwas identified variant upstream region associated female_fertility japanese_black cattle the variant affected level mrna_expression could lead allelic_imbalance this association replicated sample population animal thus result_suggest haplotype could serve_useful marker select japanese_black cattle superior female_fertility', 'lipoprotein lipase lpl key_enzyme lipid_metabolism transported protein interstitial space capillary lumen here cloned cdna genomic locus porcine gene investigated tissue expression_pattern genetic effect adipose trait porcine exhibit structure including open_reading frame encodes amino_acid the porcine protein show homology share major conserved structural domain protein mammal porcine mrna_level high adipose_tissue muscle lung higher mrna_level observed sow compared boar adipose_tissue inner outer layer subcutaneous_fat abdominal_fat suet fat the mrna_expression pattern porcine lpl gene similar tissue except lung thirty six single_nucleotide polymorphism snp found porcine gene association analysis showed snp associated intramuscular_fat content snp associated back_fat thickness conclusion porcine mrna abundantly expressed adipose_tissue muscle lung gender affect mrna_expression level furthermore four snp genetic factor affecting adipose trait', 'behaviour trait cattle reported affect important production trait meat_quality milk performance well reproduction health genetic_predisposition together environmental stimulus undoubtedly involved_development behaviour phenotype underlying molecular_mechanism affecting behaviour general behaviour production trait particular still studied detail therefore performed association study charolais_german holstein population identify genetic variant affect trait assessed test analysed putative impact milk performance tested single_nucleotide polymorphism snp four showed_significant association behaviour trait assessed test nine snp associated behaviour trait likewise showed nominal significant association milk performance trait chromosome six snp identified associated exploratory behaviour inactivity test well milk_yield trait least_square mean behaviour milk performance trait snp revealed genotype associated higher inactivity le exploratory behaviour promote higher milk_yield whether result due molecular_mechanism simultaneously affecting behaviour milk performance due behaviour predisposition cause indirect effect milk performance influencing individual reactivity need investigation', 'meat_quality trait economically significant impact pig_industry improved using molecular approach pig breeding since first scan quantitative_trait locus qtls pig reported past two decade numerous qtls identified meat_quality trait family based linkage analysis however_little known genetic variant meat_quality trait chinese purebred outbred_population unveil performed association study meat_quality trait chinese purebred laiwu_pig total significant snp suggestive snp identified region harbored cluster snp associated meat_color parameter lightness_redness yellowness moisture_content longissimus_muscle semimembranosus_muscle significance_level region also pleiotropic_effect moisture_content drip_loss addition study revealed least five novel qtls several candidate_gene including myh gene four significant locus except qtl qtls likely these_result provide_new insight_genetic basis meat_quality trait chinese laiwu_pig significant snp reported could incorporated selection_program involving breed', 'recently gene_encoding globulin cbg proposed candidate_gene quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting cortisol_level pig chromosome the qtl repeatedly detected different line including piétrain german_landrace german large_white cross purebred german_landrace study investigated_whether known polymorphism sufficient explain qtl two population our investigation revealed snp associated cortisol_level haplotype analysis showed association largely attributable difference major haplotype carrying snp haplotype carrying snp furthermore snp particularly carrier haplotype showed association meat_quality trait including conductivity snp segregate low frequency show weak association cortisol_level snp these_finding suggest snp sufficient explain qtl across different breed therefore examined whether expression affected polymorphism liver major organ cbg production found allelic expression imbalance suggests expression indeed affected genetic_variation element this represents candidate causal variation future study molecular background qtl', 'previous_study shown cell cidec gene involved_lipid storage energy_metabolism suggesting potential candidate_gene affect body_measurement trait bmts meat_quality trait mqts the_aim study identify polymorphism bovine cidec gene analyze possible association bmts_mqts randomly_selected qinchuan_cattle aged_month dna_sequencing polymerase_chain fragment_length polymorphism employed detect cidec single_nucleotide polymorphism snp found five snp two exon three region missense_mutation resulted arginine glutamine amino_acid change exhibited two genotype synonymous_mutation exhibited three genotype completely_linked exhibited two genotype found significant association polymorphism bmts_mqts appeared beneficial genotype therefore cidec may affect bmts_mqts qinchuan_cattle could_used selection', 'the number_piglet born_alive nba per_litter one important trait pig breeding due influence production efficiency difficult improve nba heritability trait low governed high number locus low_moderate effect clarify biological genetic background nba association study_gwas performed_using large_white landrace pig herdbook commercial breeding_company germany austria switzerland the animal genotyped_illumina beadchip because population_stratification within breed cluster formed using genetic distance population five cluster breed formed analysed gwas approach total different significant marker affecting nba found region known effect female_reproduction overlapping significant chromosome area qtl large_white landrace breed detected', 'our previous rna_sequencing experiment showed serum amyloid gene one promising_candidate milk_protein fat trait dairy_cattle the gene_encodes apolipoprotein related lipoprotein validate genetic effect association performed study through resequencing entire_coding region region gene using pooled_dna unrelated sire one novel five previously_reported snp detected these identified snp genotyped tested association five milk trait chinese_holstein cow after bonferroni_correction multiple five found_statistically significant milk_yield fat_yield protein_yield association analysis_revealed similar effect fat_yield protein_yield respectively then using luciferase report assay regulatory effect three snp located promoter_region evaluated transcriptional_activity cell line found construct gcg agg showed higher luciferase_activity compared gca respectively meanwhile prediction putative differential transcription_factor binding_site revealed caused alteration transcription_factor overall finding presented provide first evidence association gene milk fat protein trait appears key candidate milk_production trait dairy_cattle', 'background bovine mastitis typical inflammatory_disease causing seriously economic_loss association study_gwas powerful method promote marker assistant selection kind complex disease the present_study aimed analyze identify single_nucleotide polymorphism snp candidate_gene associated mastitis_susceptibility trait chinese_holstein result forty eight snp identified significantly_associated mastitis_resistance trait chinese_holstein cow mainly located bta total significant snp linked annotated bovine gene gene_ontology pathway_enrichment revealed gene involved pathway gene participate cell_differentiation developmental pathway together the six common significant snp found located_within flanking gene conclusion_our data identified six snp significantly_associated sc_ebv suggest linked two gene novel candidate_gene mastitis_susceptibility holstein', 'whipworms trichuris spp infect variety host including domestic animal human considerable interest porcine whipworm suis particularly prevalent outdoor production_system high infection level may cause growth retardation anaemia haemorrhagic diarrhoea significant proportion variation trichuris faecal_egg count_fec attributed host genetic the_aim present_study identify genetic locus associated resistance suis pig used single_nucleotide polymorphism snp marker perform scan resource_population suis measured genotype analysis_revealed putative quantitative_trait locus qtl suis fec chromosome covering mbp although none snp reached_significance tested hypothesis region harboured gene effect suis burden genotyping three snp within putative qtl unrelated pig exposed either experimental natural suis infection fec worm count study two snp associated fec thus confirming initial finding however find snp associated suis worm burden conclusion study demonstrates genetic marker resistance suis indicated low fec identified pig', 'background the_aim study perform_association analysis gwas androstenone_skatole indole different pietrain_sire line compare result previous_finding purebred_population furthermore genetic relationship androstenone_skatole investigated respect pleiotropy order characterize performance intact boar crossbred progeny pietrain boar mated crossbred sow three different breeding_company tested four test station total boar performance tested according rule stationary performance testing germany beside common fattening carcass_composition trait concentration boar_taint component testicular size parameter recorded all boar genotyped_illumina beadchip the gwas_performed using whole data_set well sub group according line origin besides univariate gwas approach principal_component technique applied identify common expression_pattern affecting biosynthesis metabolism androstenone result total snp significantly_associated least_one boar_taint component only_one snp identified significant subgroup the analysis testis size parameter revealed significant association the number significant snp within genetic group evidenced strong population specific effect multivariate_approach using revealed significant association five different conclusion based pietrain sired cross bred boar mayor objective_study identify qtl boar_taint component detect pleiotropy among boar_taint testis trait the high number identified qtl revealed boar_taint trait influenced large number locus analyzing pleiotropy allowed identifying qtl affecting androstenone gonasomatic index region qtl ovulation_rate age_puberty sow described literature this support physiological finding androstenone_level boar reproduction_performance sow might linked antagonistic relationship', 'the bmp binding endothelial regulator bmper inhibitor bone_morphogenetic protein bmps play fundamental role adipocyte_differentiation fat development energy_balance the_objective study detect polymorphism bmper gene four indigenous_chinese cattle population investigate effect body_size trait initially three snp namely eight distinct haplotype identified total combination strong_linkage qinchuan_cattle these four cattle population belong intermediate genetic_diversity three snp locus except shuxuan cattle population genotype associated increased body_size for heterozygous genotype individual greater rump_length two homozygotic genotype individual genotype smaller rump_length hip_width total seven haplotype_combination detected qinchuan_cattle population association analysis result showed individual haplotype_combination greater rump_length these_result strongly suggest bovine bmper gene may used genetic marker cattle breeding', 'the_aim study_investigate single_nucleotide polymorphism snp expression support candidacy growth_carcass meat_quality trait pig the first snp associated min post_mortem loin thickness backfat side fat carcass length pietrain population related backfat_thickness daily_gain duroc_pietrain dupi population the snp associated meat_colour population dupi population protein mrna_level high pig significantly le abundant compared low pig micrornas targeting also differently regulated this_paper show could potential candidate_gene porcine growth_carcass meat_quality trait based genetic association gene expression', 'understanding_genetic architecture beef_cattle growth limited simply association study_gwas body_weight specific age extended general purpose considering whole growth trajectory time using growth_curve approach for approach parameter used_describe growth_curve treated phenotype gwas model data brahman_cattle weighed birth_month age analyzed parameter_estimate mature weight maturity rate nonlinear model utilized substitute original body_weight gwas analysis chose best nonlinear model describe data estimated parameter used phenotype gwas our_aim identify characterize associated snp marker indicate candidate_gene annotate function_related growth process beef_cattle the brody model presented best goodness fit heritability value parameter_estimate mature weight maturity rate respectively proving trait feasible alternative objective change shape growth_curve within genetic_improvement program the genetic_correlation indicating animal lower mature body_weight reached weight younger age one_hundred sixty seven two hundred sixty two significant snp associated respectively the annotated gene closest significant snp direct biological_function related muscle_development myogenic induction fetal_growth body_weight gene functionally associated body_weight body_height average_daily gain skeletal_muscle development candidate_gene emerging gwas may inform search causative_mutation could underpin genomic breeding improved growth_rate', 'background feed_intake growth economically_important trait swine production previous genome_wide association study_gwas utilized average_daily gain daily_feed intake identify region impact growth feed_intake across time the use longitudinal model gwas study random_regression allows snp heterogeneous effect across trajectory characterized the_objective study therefore conduct single step gwas ssgwas animal polynomial_coefficient feed_intake growth result corrected daily_feed intake_dfi adj average_daily weight measurement dbw avg observation observation animal utilized random_regression model using legendre polynomial relationship_matrix included genotyped animal ssgwas conducted animal polynomial_coefficient intercept linear quadratic animal genotype dfiadj dbwavg region characterized based variance sliding_window gebv wgebv bootstrap analysis conducted declare significance heritability_estimate trait trajectory ranged dbwavg_dfiadj respectively genetic_correlation across age_class large positive dbwavg_dfiadj albeit age_class beginning small_moderate genetic_correlation age_class towards end trajectory trait the wgebv variance_explained significant region polynomial_coefficient ranged dbwavg_dfiadj respectively the wgebv variance_explained significant region trajectory dbwavg_dfiadj both trait identified candidate_gene function_related metabolite energy_homeostasis glucose insulin signaling behavior conclusion identified region genome impact intercept linear quadratic term dbwavg_dfiadj these_result provide preliminary evidence individual growth feed_intake trajectory impacted different region genome different time', 'association study polymorphism six gene boar_taint related compound_androstenone skatole_indole performed boar population significant association detected snp boar_taint compound snp skatole_indole snp androstenone indole mrna_expression higher cab castrated boar compared boar whereas expression higher lbt low boar_taint compared hbt high boar_taint liver tissue protein le detectable hbt compared lbt cab liver tissue these_finding suggest gene variant might effect boar_taint compound', 'the average_daily gain_adg body_weight important trait breeding_program meat production industry attracted many researcher delineate genetic_architecture behind trait present_study association study_gwas performed imputed_sequence data trait adg different stage white_duroc erhualian population bioinformatics annotation analysis used assist identification candidate_gene associated trait five seven significant quantitative_trait locus qtls identified gwas respectively furthermore suggestive locus detected basis sequence association study bioinformatics_analysis stood strongest candidate_gene the presented gwas analysis using_imputed sequence_data identified several novel qtls pig trait integrating gwas bioinformatics_analysis facilitate accurate identification candidate_gene higher imputation accuracy algorithm improved model comprehensive database accelerate identification_causal gene mutation contribute genomic_selection pig breeding future', 'abhydrolase domain_containing gene also known comparative gene identification member family protein cofactor atgl stimulating triacylglycerol hydrolase activity study aim characterize expression variation study function chicken fat metabolism compared expression_level various tissue different nutrition condition identified variation associated production trait resource_population chicken overexpression analysis two different genotype sirna interfering analysis performed chicken preadipocytes chicken expressed widely predominantly adipose_tissue five snp gene identified genotyped resource_population the snp associated subcutaneous_fat thickness carcass_weight body_weight shank_diameter shank_length the snp also associated chicken body_weight shank_diameter chicken preadipocytes overexpression wild type affect mrna_level atgl adipose triglyceride lipase markedly decreased triglyceride content cell whereas overexpression mutation type affect either atgl expression content cell the expression atgl content cell decreased knockdown preadipocytes the mrna_level regulated feeding fasting consumption high fat diet increased greatly fasting returned control level adipose_tissue abdominal_fat liver chicken high fat diet these_result suggest expression variation may affect fat metabolism regulating activity atgl chicken', 'bone_morphogenetic protein growth_factor required ovarian_follicle development ovulation mammal effect reproduction chicken unclear study association polymorphism reproduction trait analyzed expression characteristic different tissue explored laiwu black chicken three single_nucleotide polymorphism snp identified four hundred laiwu black chicken one snp located exon significantly_associated egg_weight first_egg ewfe novel diplotypes based three snp found significantly_associated egg_weight age the chicken_diplotype first_egg day later chicken_diplotype day earlier five diplotype chicken the egg_production age egg_production age egg_production age chicken_diplotype highest among chicken chicken_diplotype egg higher chicken_diplotype result showed expression_level gene ovarian_follicle order diameter the mrna_level follicle diameter significantly_higher follicle week highest mrna_level found ovary significantly different found liver oviduct our_result indicate play vital role development ovary follicle especially development primary follicle may potential advantageous molecular_marker improving reproduction trait chicken', 'the protein_kinase play_key role_regulating cellular energy_homeostasis reported nucleotide variant gene coding protein associated meat_quality present_study genetic_variation exon_gamma subunit gene protein_kinase screened among white_plymouth rock chicken family denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis meat_quality trait including drip_loss cooked_meat rate reflect water_holding capacity serum biochemical index also measured association genotype trait analyzed sa glm_procedure our_result showed three nucleotide variant including one exon_gamma subunit gene two exon_gamma subunit gene resulted amino_acid substitution respectively and locus associated water_holding capacity significantly the studied polymorphic locus potential used genetic marker poultry breeding work', 'novel gene predicted encode long noncoding rna lncrna transcript identified previous_study aimed detect candidate_gene related growth_rate difference chinese local_breed gushi_chicken anka_broiler characterise biological_function lncrna cloned_sequenced complete open_reading frame gene performed quantitative polymerase_chain reaction qpcr analyse expression_pattern lncrna different tissue chicken different development stage the qpcr data showed novel lncrna gene expressed extensively highest abundance spleen lung lowest abundance pectoralis leg_muscle additionally identified single_nucleotide polymorphism snp gene studied association snp chicken growth trait using data resource_population gushi_chicken anka_broiler the association analysis showed snp significantly_associated leg_muscle weight_chest breadth sternal length body_weight chicken day week_week age concluded novel lncrna gene designated may_play important_role regulating chicken growth', 'selection among broiler performance trait resulting locomotion problem bone disorder skeletal structure strong enough support body_weight broiler high growth_rate study genetic_parameter estimated body_weight day_age tibia trait length_width weight population broiler chicken quantitative_trait locus qtl identified tibia trait expand_knowledge genetic_architecture broiler population genetic_correlation ranged tibia_length tibia width weight suggesting trait either controlled pleiotropic gene gene linkage_disequilibrium for qtl mapping genome scanned microsatellites representing coverage eight qtl mapped gallus_gallus chromosome gga the qtl region tibia_length weight mapped marker the gene located region gene act form apical ectodermal ridge responsible limb development body_weight day_age included model covariate selection effect bone trait two qtl found tibia weight one tibia width information originating qtl assist search candidate_gene bone trait future study', 'immune trait play pivotal role animal immune_capacity development disease_resistance single_nucleotide polymorphism snp common_form genetic_variation among individual thought account majority inherited phenotypic_variation study performed genomewide_association using_illumina snp beadchip study detect molecular_marker candidate_gene associated immune trait population sixteen immune trait measured identified significant snp genomewide_significance threshold snp suggestive_significance simple model general_linear model glm snp suggestive_significance compressed_mixed linear_model mlm also found glm six significant snp seven suggestive snp three significant snp candidate_gene found associated avian_influenza antibody_titre first two snp result analysis for immune organ analysis glm snp found significantly_associated thymus weight snp significantly_associated bursa fabricius weight six located_within region chicken chromosome candidate region relevant haematological trait glm found locus located three locus within ggaz glm provided_evidence genomic segment may relevant red_blood cell_volume distribution_width rdw our study_provides list significant snp candidate_gene valuable_information unveiling underlying molecular_mechanism immune regulation', 'background heat_stress poultry result considerable_economic loss concern animal health_welfare physiological change occur period heat_stress including change blood chemistry component highly advanced_intercross line created broiler heat susceptible fayoumi heat resistant cross exposed daily heat cycle seven day starting day_age blood component measured treatment seventh day heat_treatment included base excess ionized hematocrit hemoglobin glucose association study_gwas trait calculated change conducted_identify quantitative_trait locus qtl using snp panel result there significant increase base excess ionized hematocrit hemoglobin significant decrease glucose day heat_treatment heritabilities ranged measurement measurement taken heat calculated change due heat_treatment all blood component highly_correlated within measurement day correlated measurement day the gwas revealed qtl trait located gga gallus_gallus chromosome functional analysis gene qtl region identified angiopoietin pathway significant the qtl three trait revealed candidate_gene bird response heat_stress conclusion the result study contribute knowledge level heritabilities several blood component chicken thermoneutral heat_stress condition most component responded heat_treatment mapped qtl may_serve marker genomic_selection enhance heat_tolerance poultry the angiopoietin pathway likely involved response heat_stress chicken several candidate_gene identified giving additional insight potential mechanism physiologic response high ambient temperature', 'lactoferrin protein found cow milk play_important role preventing mastitis caused intramammary infection study chinese_holstein cow selected randomly pcr amplification sequencing bovine lactoferrin gene promoter_region used snp discovery region nucleotide position three snp identified bovine lactoferrin chinese_holstein cow genotyped using sequenom_massarray sequenom san_diego based previous snp information study association snp haplotype milk somatic_cell score_sc production trait analyzed least_square method glm_procedure sa snp showed close linkage_disequilibrium the snp showed_significant association sc individual genotype higher sc genotype association found snp sc milk composition the software matinspector revealed snp located_within several potential transcription_factor binding_site including may alter gene expression investigation required elucidate biological practical relevance snp', 'bovine_respiratory disease brd leading cause morbidity_mortality feedlot cattle caused multiple pathogen become virulent response_stress clinical_sign often undetected various preventive strategy failed identification gene affecting brd essential selection resistance selective_dna pooling sdp applied genome_wide association study_gwas map brd qtls israeli_holstein male_calf kosher scoring lung adhesion used allocate animal high glatt kosher low resistant group respectively genotyping performed_using illumina_bovinehd beadchip according infinium protocol moving average used map qtls log drop used define boundary qtlrs the combined procedure efficient high resolution mapping nineteen qtlrs distributed autosome found overlapping previous_study the qtlrs contain polymorphic functional expression candidate_gene affect kosher status putative immunological wound_healing activity kosher phenotyping shown reliable mean map qtls affecting brd morbidity', 'the number_teat morphological trait influence mothering_ability sow thus reproduction_performance study carried gwass total number_teat related parameter italian_large white heavy_pig all pig genotyped_illumina beadchip array for four investigated parameter total number_teat number_teat left line number_teat right line maximum number_teat comparing two side significant marker identified region vertnin_vrtn gene significant marker number posterior teat absolute difference anterior posterior teat_number consistently identified the significant snp parameter intron variant tox high_mobility group box family_member gene for four parameter absolute difference two side anterior teat ratio posterior anterior number_teat absence presence extra teat suggestively significant marker identified several chromosome this_study supported role vrtn gene region affecting recorded variability number_teat italian_large white pig population identified genomic_region potentially affecting biological_mechanism controlling developmental programme morphological feature pig', 'meat carcass quality_attribute crucial importance influencing consumer preference profitability pork industry set berkshire pig collected dasan breeding farm namwon chonbuk province korea born perform genome_wide association study_gwas eleven meat carcass quality trait considered including carcass_weight backfat_thickness value hour commission internationale lightness meat_color cie redness meat_color cie yellowness meat_color cie filtering drip_loss heat loss shear_force marbling_score all animal genotyped porcine snp beadchips illumina usa sa general_linear model procedure_sa version used animal phenotype gwas sire sex effect fixed_effect slaughter age covariate after fitting fixed covariate factor model residual phenotype regressed additive_effect single_nucleotide polymorphism snp linear_regression model plink version the significant snp permutation testing level subjected stepwise regression analysis determine best set snp marker total significant snp quantitative_trait locus qtl detected various chromosome the qtls explained total phenotypic_variation trait some qtls pleiotropic_effect also identified pair significant qtl also found affect cie drip_loss percentage the significant qtl characterization functional_candidate gene qtl around qtl region may effectively efficiently used marker_assisted selection achieve enhanced genetic_improvement trait considered', 'background many trait individual trait level genetic control also variation around level word genotype differ mean also residual variation around genotypic mean new statistical method facilitate gaining knowledge genetic_architecture complex trait phenotypic_variability here study litter_size total number_born variation large_white pig population using double hierarchical generalized_linear model perform_association study using_bayesian method result total significant single_nucleotide polymorphism snp detected total number_born tnb snp variability tnb vartnb those snp explained genetic_variance tnb vartnb the significant snp tnb detected sus_scrofa chromosome_ssc possible candidate_gene tnb involved cell growth survival two possible candidate_gene vartnb located the first gene coding swine heat shock protein hspcb gene stabilizing morphological trait drosophila arabidopsis the second gene vegfa activated angiogenesis vasculogenesis fetus furthermore genetic_correlation additive_genetic effect tnb variation this indicates current selection increase tnb also increase vartnb conclusion best knowledge_first study reporting snp associated variation trait pig detected genomic_region associated vartnb used genomic_selection decrease vartnb highly desirable avoid small large litter pig however percentage variance_explained region small the snp detected study used indication region sus_scrofa genome involved_maintaining low variability litter_size study_needed identify_causative locus', 'control porcine reproductive_respiratory syndrome_prrs economically_important swine_industry worldwide current prrs vaccine completely protect heterologous challenge alternative mean control including enhanced genetic resilience needed for reproductive prrs genetic_basis fetal_response prrs_virus prrsv_infection poorly_understood association study_gwas done using data fetus pregnant gilt experimentally challenged type prrsv fetus assessed viral_load thymus vlt viral_load endometrium vle fetal death fetal viability genotyped medium density collectively candidate genomic_region found associated trait seven overlap previously_reported qtls pig health_reproduction comparison ongoing related transcriptomic analysis fetal_response prrsv_infection found differentially_expressed gene within candidate region some gene immune_system function reported contribute host_response prrsv_infection the result_provide new evidence genetic_basis fetal_response prrsv challenge may ultimately lead alternative control_strategy reduce_impact reproductive prrs', 'porcine reproductive_respiratory syndrome_prrs cause decreased reproductive_performance respiratory problem pig the goal current_study examine_whether individual variation applies infection prrsv european strain investigate association single_nucleotide polymorphism snp wur protein gene average_daily gain_adg prrsv infected uninfected pig the experimental procedure consisted two trial pig negative prrsv farm infected vaccinated attenuated european prrs_virus strain monitored infection vaccination viral_load adg determined pig third trial adg pig monitored all pig genotyped wur gene genotype defined result_indicated individual variation viral_load pig challenged low virulent european prrsv strain secondly data showed wur snp associated adg vaccinated pig thus adg pig significantly_higher one vaccinating attenuated prrsv strain however reverse happened environment pig grew faster based result scope selecting pig according response prrs_virus infection european strain wur snp may_play role causing prrsv resistance', 'background reproductive_efficiency great_impact economic_success pork production gilt comprise significant portion breeding female gilt reach puberty earlier tend stay herd longer productive about gilt never farrow litter common reason removal anestrus failure conceive puberty pig usually defined female first estrus presence boar stimulation genetic marker associated age_puberty allow selection age_puberty trait correlated sow lifetime_productivity result gilt estrus detection measurement ranging day genotyped using_illumina beadchip snp tested significant effect bayesian_approach using gensel_software available window found_statistically significant error ten qtl highly_significant level two qtl one explained total genetic_variance the compelling candidate_gene two region included growth_hormone gene several locus confirmed association previously identified age_puberty pig locus age menarche human conclusion several locus identified study physiological role onset_puberty genetic_basis sexual_maturation human understanding gene involved_regulation onset_puberty would_allow improvement_reproductive efficiency swine because age_puberty predictive factor sow longevity lifetime_productivity routinely measured selected commercial_herd would_beneficial able use genomic_selection improve trait', 'enterotoxigenic_escherichia coli_etec type pathogenic bacteria cause diarrhea piglet colonizing pig small_intestine epithelial_cell surface fimbria different fimbria type etec including isolated diarrheal pig study performed association study map locus associated susceptibility pig etec using single_nucleotide polymorphism snp pig white cross the significant snp located chromosome high linkage_disequilibrium surrounding snp span interval within region investigated zfat positional_candidate gene cdna zfat four pig different susceptibility phenotype identified seven coding variant genotyped seven variant unrelated pig diverse breed measured etec susceptibility phenotype five variant showed nominal significant association etec susceptibility phenotype international commercial_pig this_study provided refined region associated susceptibility pig etec reported previously further work needed uncover underlying causal_mutation', 'identify novel quantitative_trait locus qtl within horse performed association study_gwas based genotype conformation performance trait horse breed genotype horse derived key founder imputing data genotyped horse total included horse genotyped million snp respective breeding_value trait analysis based dataset identified total qtl associated conformation trait one performance trait therefore result_suggest application genotype increase_power identify novel qtl identified previously based snp_chip data', 'conformation long driving force horse selection breed creation predictor performance the tennessee walking horse twh range size often used trail show pleasure horse investigate contribution genetics body_conformation twh collected dna_sample body_measurement information individual analyzed body measure principal_component analysis principal_component captured trait variance comprised trait variance all measure correlated positively indicating describes overall body_size genotyped horse using bead_chip marker association assessed data using score phenotype linear analysis emmax revealed candidate locus raw near lcorl gene custom genotyping panel enabled trait lcorl gene this position differs report suggesting single_nucleotide polymorphism snp upstream_lcorl coding_sequence regulate expression gene therefore body_size horse fluorescent situ hybridization analysis defined position highly homologous retrogene copy lcorl assigned unplaced contigs equcab assembly this_first study identify putative_causative snp within lcorl transcript associated skeletal size variation horse', 'explored involvement genomic copy_number variant cnvs susceptibility recurrent_airway obstruction_rao asthmalike inflammatory_disease horse analysis case six control horse equine tiling array identified cnv region cnvrs previously known new distributed horse autosome chromosome among new cnvrs exclusively found rao case analyzed quantitative_pcr including additional case_control suggestive association corrected found rao loss chromosome involving gene necessary ciliary function lung involved primary ciliary dyskinesia human the cnvr could potential marker rao susceptibility need study additional rao cohort other cnvrs associated rao although several involved gene interest serpin gene family associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease asthma human the cnvr showed striking variation among horse significantly different rao case_control the finding_provide baseline information relationship cnvs rao susceptibility discovery new cnvs use larger population control horse needed shed_light significance modulating complex heterogeneous disease', 'temperament key criterion selection horse leisure competitive riding ensure optimal performance safety the tennessee walking horse twh described calm docile breed often used trail show pleasure horse however among horse owner caretaker anecdote supporting familial disciplinal typical behavior personality investigate contribution genetics temperament collected behavior questionnaire brief training history identifying information twh well blood hair sample dna factor analysis conducted questionnaire set horse met inclusion threshold factor analysis identified four temperament factor twh these four factor account total trait variance dna twhs selected genotyped using equine bead_chip three separate association study_gwas using factor factor factor score phenotype quantitative association analysis identified significant candidate locus factor warrant investigation', 'while susceptibility hypersensitive_reaction common problem amongst human animal alike population structure certain animal specie breed provides advantageous route better_understanding biology underpinning condition the current_study us exmoor pony highly_inbred breed horse known frequently suffer insect bite hypersensitivity identify_genomic region associated type_type hypersensitive_reaction total case_control genotyped axiom equine genotyping_array quality_control resulted snp individual tested association association analysis performed_using genabel_package resulted identification two region interest chromosome the first region contained significant snp identified located_intron dcc netrin receptor gene the second region identified contained multiple top snp encompassed pign gene although additional study_needed validate importance region horse relevance region specie_knowledge gained current_study potential step_forward unraveling complex nature hypersensitive_reaction', 'background stallion_fertility economically_important trait due increase artificial_insemination horse the availability whole_genome sequence_data facilitates identification rare_variant contributing stallion_fertility the_aim study genotype rare_variant retrieved sequencing ng horse order unravel harmful genetic variant large sample stallion method gene_ontology term search result public database used obtain comprehensive list human und mouse gene predicted participate regulation male reproduction the corresponding equine orthologous gene searched whole_genome sequence_data seven stallion four mare filtered genetic variant using snpeff sift_polyphen software all genetic variant missing_homozygous mutant_genotype genotyped fertile_stallion breed using kasp_genotyping assay mixed_linear model analysis employed association analysis estimated_breeding value paternal component_pregnancy rate per estrus result screened next_generation sequenced data whole_genome horse equine genetic variant human_mouse gene involved male_fertility linked common gene_ontology male reproductive process variant filtered protein structure validated sift_polyphen only genetic variant followed homozygote mutant_genotype missing detection sample comprising horse after filtering process single_nucleotide polymorphism snp left these snp genotyped fertile_stallion breed using kasp_genotyping assay association analysis hanoverian_stallion revealed significant association disruption variant estimated_breeding value paternal component_pregnancy rate per estrus for variant within gene cftr absence homozygous_mutant genotype validation sample fertile_stallion obvious therefore variant considered potentially deleterious factor stallion_fertility conclusion conclusion study revealed genetic variant predicted high damaging effect protein structure missing_homozygous mutant_genotype the variant identified significant stallion_fertility locus hanoverian_stallion candidate fertility locus missing_homozygous mutant_genotype validated panel including horse breed knowledge_first study horse using next_generation sequencing data uncover strong candidate factor stallion_fertility', 'phenotypic_variability horn characteristic size number shape offer opportunity elucidate molecular_basis horn development the_objective study map genetic determinant controlling production four horn two breed jacob sheep examine_whether eyelid abnormality occurring population related association mapping performed_using animal two breed contain individual design analysis snp genotyped ovine snp beadchip revealed strong association signal sheep chromosome the strongly_associated snp located region spanning position indicating genetic_architecture underpinning production four horn likely involve single gene the closest_gene strongly_associated marker hoxd cluster located approximately upstream respectively the occurrence eyelid malformation across breed restricted polled animal_carrying two horn this_suggests eyelid abnormality may associated departure normal developmental production animal two condition developmentally linked this_study demonstrated presence separate locus responsible polled phenotype sheep advanced understanding complexity underpins horn morphology ruminant', 'polyceraty presence multiple horn rare modern day ungulate although found wild sheep polyceraty occur small number domestic_sheep breed covering wide geographical region damara hair sheep region africa display polyceraty horn number ranging zero four conducted association study horn number damara genotyped snp marker the analysis_revealed region multiple significant snp ovine_chromosome location different mutation polled sheep chromosome the causal_mutation polyceraty identified however region associated polyceraty span nine hoxd gene critical embryonic_development appendage mutation hoxd gene implicated polydactly phenotype mouse_human there_evidence epistatic_interaction contributing polyceraty this_first report genetic_mechanism underlying polyceraty damara', 'background persistence gastrointestinal_nematode gin_infection related control method major impact sheep industry_worldwide based information generated illumina_beadchip chip study aim confirming quantitative_trait locus qtl previously identified genome_scan identifying new qtl allelic_variant associated indicator trait parasite_resistance adult sheep used commercial population_spanish churra ewe available data fecal_egg count_fec serum level immunoglobulin iga perform different genome_scan qtl mapping analysis based classical linkage analysis combined_linkage disequilibrium linkage analysis_ldla association study_gwas result for fec iga trait detected total three significant qtl significant region ldla reached_significance level the gwas also revealed significant snp associated igat although significant association found lfec some significant qtl lfec detected ldla overlapped highly_significant qtl previously detected different population churra_sheep addition several new qtl snp association identified show correspondence effect reported different population young sheep other significant association coincide previously_reported association could related specific immune_response adult animal discussion our_result replicate qtl located previously_reported churra_sheep provide support future_research identification allelic_variant underlies qtl the small proportion genetic_variance explained detected qtl large number functional_candidate gene identified consistent_hypothesis gin complex trait determined individual gene acting alone rather complex interaction future study_combine genomic variation analysis functional genomic information may_help elucidate biology gin disease_resistance sheep', 'lipoprotein lipase lpl considered essential enzyme lipid_deposition tissue metabolism proposed lead candidate_gene genetic marker lipid_deposition energy_balance paper polymorphism lpl gene investigated chinese qinchuan_cattle dna_sequencing seven single_nucleotide polymorphism snp identified included one mutation region_utr four synonymous_mutation two mutation the frequency snp skewed equilibrium sample test association analysis showed five locus except significantly_correlated growth_carcass quality trait these_result demonstrate lpl might potential candidate_gene selection_ma', 'many study suggest significant genetic_variation resistance cattle human infection mycobacterium bovis bovis causative_agent zoonotic tuberculosis promotes inflammation induces apoptosis response mycobacterial_infection the_aim present_study investigate influence single_nucleotide polymorphism gene bovine_tuberculosis btb_susceptibility genotyped gene holstein_cow healthy control animal the influence exon region polymorphism btb_susceptibility subsequently investigated association analysis our_finding demonstrated polymorphism associated btb holstein_cattle the susceptibility cattle genotype compared genotype higher the polymorphism located exon gene functional consequence missense the deduced amino_acid sequence protein product revealed arginine serine conversion position may affect initiation protein synthesis disrupt normal function protects animal mycobacterial_infection significant association observed allele risk_factor btb_susceptibility conclusion first_report showing polymorphism may_contribute btb_susceptibility', 'background the availability_sequence data key_ancestor bovine population provides exhaustive catalogue polymorphic_site segregate within across cattle breed sequence_variant identified sequenced genome key_ancestor imputed animal genotyped using genotyping_array association analysis imputed_sequence particularly applied multiple trait simultaneously powerful approach detect candidate causal_variant underlie complex phenotype result used sequence_data key_ancestor german_fleckvieh cattle population impute sequence_variant animal partly imputed genotype based single_nucleotide polymorphism snp rare_variant frequent among genotype association study imputed_sequence variant performed_using seven correlated udder_conformation trait response_variable the calculation approximate test_statistic enabled detect_quantitative trait locus qtl affect different morphological feature mammary_gland among tested variant significant association found imputed_sequence variant qtl whereas top association signal observed variant qtl bovine_chromosome seven qtl associated multiple phenotype most qtl located region genome close_proximity candidate_gene could involved mammary_gland morphology conclusion using_imputed sequence_variant association analysis allows detection qtl maximum resolution approach reveal qtl detected association study most qtl udder_conformation trait located region genome suggests mutation regulatory sequence major_determinant variation mammary_gland morphology cattle', 'tick disease among main_cause economic_loss south african cattle industry high morbidity_mortality rate concern general public regarding chemical residue may tarnish perception food safety environmental health husbandry cattle includes frequent use acaricide manage tick the primary objective_study identify single_nucleotide polymorphism snp marker associated host_resistance tick south african nguni_cattle tick_count data_collected monthly nguni_cattle reared four herd natural grazing condition period two year the count_recorded six specie tick attached eight anatomical_location animal summed specie anatomical_location this gave rise measured phenotype trait result trait reported tick_count data transformed using resulting value examined normality dna_extracted hair blood_sample genotyped using_illumina assay after_quality control call_rate minor_allele frequency snp retained analysis genetic_parameter estimated association analysis tick_resistance carried_using two approach association_gwa analysis using_genabel package regional_heritability mapping_rhm analysis the bonferroni corrected significance_threshold suggestive_significance threshold one false_positive per genome_scan gwa_analysis likelihood_ratio test lrt threshold suggestive_significance rhm analysis six ixodid tick specie identified amblyomma hebraeum vector heartwater disease dominant specie heritability_estimate fitted animal sire model ranged transformed tick_count data several genomic_region harbouring quantitative_trait locus qtl identified different tick_count trait gwa rhm approach three significant region chromosome identified total tick_count head total body hebraeum tick_count total hebraeum perineum region respectively additional region significant suggestive level identified chromosome several trait the gwa approach identified genomic_region rhm approach the chromosomal_region identified harbouring qtl underlying variation tick_burden form basis analysis identify specific candidate_gene polymorphism related cattle tick_resistance provide potential selection nguni_cattle', 'the_aim study evaluate genome_wide association study_gwas approach identify single_nucleotide polymorphism snp associated fertility trait early puberty nellore_cattle bos_indicus nellore cow selected herd monitored early puberty onset positive pregnancy month_age extreme phenotype selected individual pregnant respectively age dna_sample genotyped using snp_chip snp gwas using strategy highlighted number significant marker based proximity bonferroni_correction line result_indicated chromosome associated trait interest the significant snp chromosome candidate_gene well quantitative_trait locus qtl previously_reported ensembl cattle qtldb database investigated analysis region close snp chromosome revealed four qtl previously classified reproduction category conclusion identified snp close_proximity gene associated reproductive trait moreover spliceosomal rna present three different chromosome possibly associated age_first calving suggesting_might strong candidate future study', 'evaluated snp gene previously related fertility production trait relationship daughter_pregnancy rate_dpr cow conception_rate ccr heifer conception_rate hcr separate population holstein_cow grouped according predicted_transmitting ability_pta dpr genotyping performed_using sequenom_massarray there total snp associated three fertility trait the snp explained greater proportion genetic_variation dpr cast ccr hcr inclusion snp previously associated dpr genetic_evaluation system increased reliability pta_dpr many gene represented snp associated fertility involved steroidogenesis regulated steroid large_proportion snp previously associated genetic_merit fertility holstein_bull maintained association separate population cow the inclusion gene genetic_evaluation improve reliability genomic estimate fertility', 'background our_aim identify_genomic region via association study_gwas improve predictability genetic_merit holstein calving body_conformation trait animal genotyped using_illumina bovine beadchip imputed illumina_bovinehd beadchip gwas_performed real imputed single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genotype using_mixed linear_model holstein_bull breeding_value prediction followed gene identification silico functional analysis the association result validated using five scenario different number snp result seven hundred snp significantly_associated calving_performance false_discovery rate_fdr most significant snp chromosome mapped gene among included least_one significant snp nearby one kbp for body_conformation trait snp significant fdr located chromosome snp enrichment functional analysis calving trait fdr suggested potential biological_process including musculoskeletal movement meiotic cell_cycle oocyte maturation skeletal_muscle contraction furthermore pathway analysis suggested potential pathway associated calving_performance trait including tight_junction oxytocin_signaling mapk_signaling the prediction_ability significant snp prediction_ability snp calving_performance trait body_conformation trait conclusion various snp significantly_associated calving_performance located_within nearby gene potential role tight_junction oxytocin_signaling mapk_signaling combining significant snp snp within nearby gene panel panel yielded marginal increase accuracy_prediction genomic estimated_breeding value trait compared use panel alone', 'cheese_production increasing many_country desire toward genetic selection milk coagulation property dairy_cattle breeding exists however measurement individual cheesemaking property hampered high cost labor whereas traditional milk coagulation property mcp sometimes criticized nevertheless new modeling entire curd firmness syneresis process cft equation offer new_insight cheesemaking process moreover identification genomic_region regulating milk cheesemaking property might enhance direct selection individual breeding_program based cheese ability rather related milk component therefore_objective study perform_association study identify_genomic region linked traditional mcp new cft parameter milk acidity milk_protein percentage milk dna_sample italian_brown swiss_cow used milk mcp trait grouped together represent mcp set four cft equation parameter derived trait protein_percentage considered second group trait cft set animal genotyped_illumina beadchip_illumina san_diego multitrait animal model used_estimate variance_component for association study association using_mixed model control approach used total significant marker trait association single_nucleotide polymorphism identified chromosome sharp peak detected mbp bos_taurus autosome_bta peak mbp region_harboring casein gene evidence quantitative_trait locus mbp chromosome found all chromosome associated one trait only common mcp cft set the new cft trait reinforced support mcp signal provided additional information genomic_region might_involved regulation coagulation process bovine milk', 'development body hair important physiological cellular process lead_better adaption tropical_environment dairy_cattle various study suggested major gene recently associated gene hairy locus dairy_cattle main aim_study employ variant discordant_sib pair model half_sib sire randomly sampled using affection statue use various single marker regression_approach iii use whole_genome regression_approach dissect_genetic architecture hairy gene cattle whole single genome regression_approach detected strong genomic signal chromosome although major gene effect hairy phenotype sourced chromosome whole_genome regression_approach also suggested polygenic component related part genome such result could obtained single marker approach', 'objective holstein known world producing dairy_cattle the_purpose study identify genetic region strongly_associated milk trait milk_production fat protein using korean_holstein data method this_study performed_using single_nucleotide polymorphism snp_chip data illumina_beadchip korean_holstein individual inferred genomic estimated_breeding value based best_linear unbiased_prediction blup ridge regression using performed association study identified genetic region related milk trait result identified significant genetic region related milk_production fat protein respectively these gene newly_reported genetic association milk trait holstein conclusion_this study complement recent holstein association study identified snp gene significant variant these_result help expand_knowledge polygenic_nature milk_production holstein', 'background saturated_fatty acid detrimental human_health received considerable attention recent_year several study using taurine_breed showed existence genetic_variability thus possibility genetic_improvement fatty_acid profile_beef this_study identified region genome associated saturated polyunsaturated_fatty acid ratio longissimus_thoracis nellore finished feedlot using method result the result showed window explain additive_genetic variance studied fatty_acid genomic_region explain additive_genetic variance observed total saturated_fatty acid nineteen genomic_region distributed sixteen different chromosome accounted additive_genetic variance monounsaturated_fatty acid sum monounsaturated_fatty acid forty genomic_region explained_additive variance polyunsaturated_fatty acid group related total polyunsaturated_fatty acid genomic_region accounted genetic_variance group ratio conclusion the identification region respective candidate_gene essrg gene abc group contribute form genetic_basis fatty_acid profile nellore bos_indicus beef contributing better selection trait associated improving human_health', 'background bovine_tuberculosis btb_infection cattle significant economic concern many_country annual cost irish government approximately million million respectively btb control the existence host additive_genetic component btb_susceptibility established method two approach single_nucleotide polymorphism regression_bayesian method applied association study_gwas using snp genotype snp dairy artificial_insemination sire deregressed_estimated breeding_value btb_susceptibility used quantitative dependent variable network analysis performed_using quantitative_trait locus qtl identified significant regression_bayesian analysis separately addition analysis performed subset prolific sire dataset showed contrasting prevalence btb_infection daughter result significant qtl region identified value bayes_factor across analysis sire minor_allele minor_allele frequency qtl estimated_breeding value conferred greater susceptibility_btb infection homozygous major allele imputation region flank qtl full_sequence indicated significant association located_within intron gene conclusion genomic_region strongly_associated host susceptibility_btb infection identified this region contained gene involved signalling pathway major biological_pathway associated immune_response although study validates region literature approach represents one powerful study analysis btb_susceptibility date', 'the desaturase gene_encodes key_enzyme cellular biosynthesis monounsaturated_fatty acid initial association study_gwas chinese_holstein cow snp fell_region chromosome underlying scd_gene highly significantly_associated index the_aim study verify whether scd_gene significant genetic effect milk_fatty acid_composition dairy_cattle resequencing entire_coding region bovine scd_gene total six variation identified including three coding variation three intronic variation the snp exon predicted result amino_acid replacement alanine gcg valine gtg scd protein association study milk_fatty acid using chinese_holstein cow accurate phenotype genotype performed_using mixed animal model proc_mixed procedure_sa all six detected snp revealed associated six unsaturated_fatty acid specifically index subsequently strong_linkage disequilibrium observed among six snp scd five snp within region identified previous gwas indicating significant association scd_gene milk_fatty acid_content trait reduced observed significant chromosome region gwas analysis_revealed significant association haplotype_encompassing six scd snp one snp gwas index index summary finding_provide replicate evidence previous gwas demonstrate variant scd_gene significantly_associated milk_fatty acid_composition dairy_cattle provides clear evidence increased understanding milk_fatty acid_synthesis enhances opportunity improve composition dairy_cattle', 'association analysis candidate_gene bovine milk_fatty acid improve_understanding genetic_variation milk_fatty acid_profile reveal potential opportunity tailor milk fat composition selection_strategy work investigated association single_nucleotide polymorphism snp selected candidate_gene using functional_positional approach fatty_acid fatty_acid group index milk sample brown_swiss cow individual milk sample_collected italian_brown swiss_cow gas_chromatography used obtain detailed milk_fatty acid_composition goldengate assay system illumina_san diego used_perform genotype selected snp located gene across chromosome total polymorphic snp candidate_gene retained association analysis bayesian linear animal model used_estimate contribution snp total test indicated relevant additive_effect given snp single fatty_acid trait snp belonging gene relevant total fatty_acid trait most studied fatty_acid trait relevantly_associated multiple snp relevantly_associated snp mainly found gene related fat metabolism linked contained previously identified quantitative_trait locus fat_yield content associated gene previously identified association analysis milk_fatty acid_profile cow breed the representative candidate_gene lep prl acaca ghr particular relevant association snp located bovine_chromosome found two candidate_gene acaca relevantly_associated novo fatty_acid likely explaining high_heritability value found fatty_acid exception two additional gene showed association saturated_fatty acid our_finding provide basic information gene snp affecting milk_fatty acid_composition dairy_cow these_result may support possibility using genetic selection modify milk_fatty acid_profile promote beneficial effect', 'background the nordic_red cattle consisting three different population finland sweden denmark joint breeding_value estimation system the long history recording production health trait offer great opportunity study production trait identify_causal variant behind study used whole_genome sequence level data progeny_tested nordic_red cattle bull scan genome locus affecting milk fat protein_yield result using significance_threshold region bos_taurus chromosome associated fat_yield region chromosome associated milk_yield chromosome region associated protein_yield significantly_associated variation found gene fat_yield gene milk_yield gene protein_yield ingenuity_pathway analysis used identify network connecting gene displaying significant_hit when_compared previously_mapped genomic_region associated fertility significantly_associated variation found gene common fat_yield fertility thus linking two trait via biological network conclusion_this first_time whole_genome sequence_data utilized study genomic_region affecting milk_production nordic_red cattle population sequence level data offer possibility study quantitative_trait detail still unambiguously reveal associated variation causative linkage_disequilibrium creates difficulty pinpoint causative gene variation one solution overcome difficulty identification functional gene network pathway reveal important interacting gene candidate observed effect this information target genomic_region may exploited improve genomic_prediction', 'background low birth_weight postnatal_growth restriction evident symptom dwarfism accompanying skeletal aberration may compromise general condition locomotion affected individual several paternal low birth_weight small size born fleckvieh cattle population result affected_calf strikingly underweight birth spite normal gestation_length craniofacial abnormality elongated narrow head brachygnathia inferior spite normal general condition growth remained restricted rearing genotyped affected_unaffected animal single_nucleotide polymorphism performed association test followed homozygosity mapping allowed map locus responsible growth failure segment bovine_chromosome analysis data one affected_unaffected animal revealed deletion coding_region gene segregated haplotype showed deletion induces intron retention premature termination translation lead severely truncated protein lack domain likely essential normal protein function the widespread_use undetected carrier bull_artificial insemination resulted tenfold increase frequency deleterious allele female population conclusion frameshift mutation associated autosomal recessive proportionate dwarfism fleckvieh cattle the mutation segregated population year without recognized genetic disorder however widespread_use undetected carrier bull_artificial insemination caused sudden accumulation homozygous calf dwarfism our_finding provide_basis mating strategy avoid inadvertent mating carrier animal thereby prevent birth homozygous calf impaired growth', 'background peroxisome_receptor gamma pparg binding_protein alpha cebpa retinoid receptor alpha rxra nuclear transcription_factor play_important role_regulation adipogenesis fat_deposition the_objective study characterise variability three candidate_gene mixed sample panel composed several cattle breed different meat_quality validate single_nucleotide polymorphism snp local crossbred population angus hereford limousin evaluate effect meat_quality trait backfat_thickness intramuscular_fat content fatty_acid composition supporting association test bioinformatic predictive study result globally nine snp detected pparg cebpa_gene within mixed panel including novel snp latter three nine along seven snp selected single_nucleotide polymorphism database snpdb including snp rxra gene validated crossbred population after validation five snp evaluated genotype effect fatty_acid content composition significant effect observed backfat_thickness different fatty_acid content some snp caused slight difference mrna structure stability putative binding_site protein conclusion pparg cebpa showed low_moderate variability sample panel variation gene along rxra may explain part genetic_variation fat_content composition our_result may_contribute knowledge genetic_variation meat_quality trait cattle evaluated larger independent population', 'aim one major biochemical aspect thermoregulation equilibrium ion gradient across biological membrane member family major contributor mechanism actively control ion gradient thus examined gene_encodes chain genetic polymorphism material and method total vrindavani composite cross strain hariana tharparkar indigenous cattle screened genetic polymorphism gene using polymerase_chain reaction conformation polymorphism dna_sequencing for association study rectal_temperature respiration rate animal recorded twice daily season result snp identified exon gene three genotype namely observed vrindavani tharparkar cattle the gene frequency tharparkar vrindavani allele allele respectively remained intermediate range association study genotype cattle population revealed animal genotype exhibited significantly lower higher heat_tolerance coefficient genotype conclusion differential thermoregulation different genotype gene indicate gene could_potentially contributing thermotolerance tharparkar indigenous breed vrindavani composite crossbred cattle', 'the_objective present_study investigate single_nucleotide polymorphism snp located three candidate_gene previously_reported effect fertility milk_production trait population holstein_cow the milk_production trait evaluated included lifetime_average milk_yield protein concentration fat concentration fertility trait evaluated included lifetime_average service_per conception candidate_gene included encoding diacylglycerol acyltransferase leptin_receptor lepr calpastatin_cast total snp selected per gene equidistant location candidate_gene identify potential linkage causative_mutation four snp identified significantly_associated evaluated fertility trait specifically snp significantly_associated lifetime_average significantly_associated lifetime_average number service_per conception five snp significantly_associated lifetime_average milk_protein concentration milk fat concentration one snp significantly_associated average lifetime milk_yield although multiple snp identified current_study significantly_associated milk_production fertility trait essential snp validated larger population diverse environment additional snp candidate_gene evaluated prior implementation_selection strategy', 'construction genetic linkage_map essential genetic genomic study recent_advance sequencing genotyping_technology made_possible generate genetic linkage_map especially organism lacking extensive genomic resource present_work constructed genetic map channel_catfish three large resource family genotyped using catfish polymorphism snp_array total snp placed linkage_map knowledge highest marker_density among aquaculture specie the estimated genetic size resolution genetic map the linkage_map spanned total female male presenting ratio female male recombination fraction after integration previously established physical_map physical_map contigs anchored linkage_group covered physical length accounting catfish genome the integrated map provides valuable_tool validating improving catfish assembly facilitates qtl mapping positional_cloning gene responsible economically_important trait', 'genetic selection cattle resistant bovine_tuberculosis btb may offer complementary control_strategy hypothesising underlying genetic_variation present approach using high_density marker identify_genomic locus dominance_effect btb resistance test previously_published region heterozygote advantage btb our data comprised cow northern ireland confirmed btb case_control genotyped_illumina beadchip marker tested association heterozygosity btb status using relationship result tested robustness genetic structure genotypic_frequency significant locus tested departure equilibrium genomic_region identified study previous publication tested dominance_effect genotypic effect estimated asreml mixed_model snp chromosome significant level explaining_phenotypic variance control fewer heterozygote genotypic value suggesting heterozygosity confers heterozygote disadvantage the region surrounding significant dominance_effect snp resides within pseudogene parental gene involved macrophage response_infection within region previously associated nematode_resistance dominance_effect found region chromosome indicated previous candidate region btb study these_finding require_validation data', 'pig show extensive variation exterior appearance this variation explored one selection target form breeding feature pig_industry study customized affymetrix_axiom array plate used_conduct association study_gwas two exterior coat_color facial type chinese dongxiang spotted pig two single_nucleotide polymorphism snp identified associated significant level respectively snp two associated located around gene sus_scrofa chromosome_ssc eleven snp associated located_within region based gwas result biological_function gene highlight ednrb candidate_gene potential gene affecting facial variation the finding_contribute final characterization causative gene mutation_underlying effect locus improve_understanding genetic_basis phenotypic_variation chinese_indigenous pig', 'background previous association study deduced one two two one significant single_nucleotide polymorphism snp associated milk_fatty acid close within fatty_acid synthase_fasn peroxisome_receptor gamma coactivator alpha cassette member growth_factor gene confirm linkage reveal genetic effect four candidate_gene milk_fatty acid_composition genetic polymorphism identified association performed chinese_holstein cattle population result nine snp identified fasn among snp predicted result amino_acid substitution threonine acc alanine gcc five snp synonymous_mutation remaining three found fasn intron only_one snp identified association study revealed fasn mainly associated saturated_fatty acid unsaturated_fatty acid especially fasn strong_linkage disequilibrium observed among fasn among subsequently analysis_revealed significant association haplotype_encompassing eight fasn snp saturated_fatty acid sfa unsaturated_fatty acid ufa conclusion_our study confirmed linkage significant snp previous association study variant fasn snp within fasn showed_significant genetic effect milk_fatty acid_composition dairy_cattle indicating_potential function milk_fatty acid_synthesis metabolism the finding presented provide_evidence selection dairy_cow healthier milk_fatty acid_composition breeding genomic_selection scheme well furthering understanding technological processing aspect cow milk', 'mastitis infectious_disease mammary_gland lead reduced milk_production change milk composition complement component play major role central molecule complement cascade involving killing microorganism either directly cooperation phagocytic cell cdna isolated egyptian buffalo_cattle sequenced characterized the cdna_sequence buffalo_cattle consist respectively buffalo_cattle cdna share sequence identity the open_reading frame buffalo encodes putative protein amino includes functional domain further analysis cdna_sequence detected six novel polymorphism snp buffalo three novel snp cattle the association analysis detected snp milk somatic_cell score indicator mastitis revealed significant association buffalo found substitution exon whereas cattle substitution exon our_finding provide preliminary information contribution polymorphism mastitis_resistance buffalo_cattle', 'the number functional_teat important selection criterion pig breeding inherited defect udder inverted_teat considerable negative_impact nursing ability_sow investigate genetic background defect number functional_teat swedish maternal line sample yorkshire_pig selected genotyping using beadchip_illumina pig least_one inverted_teat matched one pig fullsib pair matching herd gender association study pig performed_using approach_implemented genabel using single_nucleotide polymorphism across autosome chromosome number significant region identified inverted_teat defect chromosome many region associated number functional_teat located_close region except two associated marker chromosome one chromosome identified region chromosome previously_reported one linkage one gene expression study conclude despite able suggest new candidate_gene study_needed better_understand biologic background teat development despite comparison identified region inverted_teat defect done study required allow clear identification genetic region relevant defect across many pig population', 'background the majority chicken africa indigenous ecotypes well adapted local environment raised scavenging production_system although generally resilient disease challenge routine vaccination biosecurity measure rarely applied infectious_disease remain major cause mortality reduced productivity management genetic_improvement programme hampered lack routine data recording selective_breeding based genomic technology may provide mean enhance sustainability study investigated genetic_architecture antibody_response four major infectious_disease infectious bursal disease ibdv marek_disease mdv fowl_typhoid fowl cholera resistance eimeria cestode parasitism along two production trait body_weight body condition score bcs two distinct indigenous ethiopian chicken_ecotypes conducted variance_component analysis association study pathway selective_sweep analysis result the large majority bird found antibody_titre pathogen infected parasite suggesting almost universal exposure derived significant moderate_high heritabilities ibdv mdv antibody_titre cestode infestation body_weight bcs identified single_nucleotide polymorphism snp significance trait based association identified trait pathway network functional gene cluster include plausible_candidate gene selective_sweep analysis_revealed locus chromosome associated viral antibody_titre resistance eimeria parasitism within positive selection signal found significant genetic_correlation production immune disease trait implying selection altered antibody_response disease_resistance affect production conclusion confirmed presence genetic_variability identified snp significantly_associated immune disease production trait indigenous village chicken result underpin feasibility concomitant genetic_improvement enhanced antibody_response resistance parasitism productivity within across indigenous_chicken ecotypes', 'background western world bovine milk product important protein source human diet the major protein bovine milk four casein two whey_protein shown amount specific isoforms including modification ptm influence technological_property milk therefore aim_study estimate genetic_parameter individual protein danish_holstein danish_jersey milk detect genomic_region associated specific milk_protein different ptm_form using association study_gwas approach result for high_heritability estimate found protein_percentage casein percentage for high_heritability estimate found protein_percentage casein percentage the heritability higher compared whereas heritability lower compared whereas higher compared the gwas result main milk_protein line earlier published however showed snp specifically regulating some snp assigned casein protein_kinase gene prkcq conclusion the genetic analysis major milk_protein ptm_form revealed heritable genomic_region specific glycosylation detected furthermore genomic_region major milk_protein confirmed region casein cluster peap important region influencing protein composition milk the result study provide confidence possible breed specific milk_protein including different ptm_form', 'objective the_aim study identify single_nucleotide polymorphism snp gene related pig imf estimate_heritability intramuscular_fat content_imf method association study_gwas inbred berkshire performed imf consider inbreeding among sample association snp imf tested random effect mixed_linear model using genetic relationship_matrix gemma significant gene compared reported pig imf quantitative_trait locus qtl region functional classification identified gene also performed heritability imf estimated gcta tool result total snp found significant cutoff significant snp annotated across gene twenty five gene pig imf qtl region bone_morphogenetic endothelial cell regulator forkhead box protein ectodysplasin receptor ring finger protein cluster differentiation phosphatase type sry sex determining region myc macrophage migration inhibitory factor related protein_kinase pathway regulates differentiation adipocytes these gene gene mapped qtls could candidate_gene affecting imf heritability imf estimated relatively high suggesting considerable portion total variance imf explained snp information conclusion_our result contribute breeding pig better imf therefore producing pork better sensory quality', 'sequencing_technology increased ability detect sequence variation complex trait improvement high_throughput genome_wide gb method used generate single_nucleotide polymorphism snp snp call_rate minor_allele frequency used genome_wide association study_gwas milk trait canadian_holstein cow gwas accomplished mixed_linear model procedure implementing additive_dominant model strong signal within centromeric_region bovine_chromosome associated test day fat_percentage several snp associated eicosapentaenoic acid docosapentaenoic_acid arachidonic acid gamma linolenic acid most significant snp trait studied novel located intergenic_region intron gene novel potential candidate_gene milk trait mammary_gland function include tonsl mecr ache fuk evl fto our study demonstrates utility gb approach identifying snp use improvement complex dairy trait', 'the possibility using genetic control_strategy increase disease_resistance infectious_disease relies identification marker include breeding plan possible incomplete exposure control animal however major issue find relevant marker genetic association study infectious_disease usually design based elite dairy sire used association study epidemiological strategy based cow repeatedly could alternative disease trait test_hypothesis genetic association result obtained present_work cohort italian_holstein cow tested mastitis time compared_previous scan italian_holstein sire genotyped single_nucleotide polymorphism estimated_breeding value somatic_cell count sccs bos_taurus autosome total cow selected approach combination herd level scc incidence within herd individual level scc the association study conducted nine previously identified marker six four using statistical environment function genabel_package adjusted linear score binomial trait the result obtained cow cohort selected epidemiological information agreement obtained previous sire association study_gwas six nine marker showed_significant association four two most importantly using mastitis case study current_work validated alternative use historical field disease data design genetic analysis infectious_disease livestock', 'background association study_gwas extensively used identify_genomic region associated variety phenotypic trait pig until gwas explored association model here conducted gwas nine fatness growth trait pig four diverse population including white_duroc erhualian_intercross population chinese_sutai laiwu erhualian population result identified chromosomal_region associated nine trait including four significant single_nucleotide polymorphism snp ssc sus_scrofa chromosome compared gwas le powerful identification snp effect powerful detection snp effect analysis reduced power_detect snp significantly enhanced power identify common snp across trait the snp pleiotropic_effect nine trait erhualian population another pleiotropic snp observed sscx trait sutai population both shared snp identified study thus reflecting complex genetic_architecture pig growth_fatness trait conclusion demonstrate method multiple population used increase_power gwas the two significant snp pleiotropic_effect erhualian sutai population', 'because priority industry identify subfertile bull predictive model allowed prediction bull low fertility implemented based seminological motility parameter dna status assessed dna fragmentation_index dfi tunel assay using sperm bull four batch per bull selected based vivo estimated relative conception_rate ercr thereafter sperm quality male_fertility trait bull explored gwas using_illumina chip_after data editing bull snp retained gwas snp false_discovery rate four snp located significantly_associated bonferroni sperm parameter dfi tunel other snp interest potential association tunel found chromosome association vivo bull fertility already_reported further suggestive snp sperm membrane integrity located chromosome qtl study previously_reported association sperm quality trait suggestive snp ercr found vicinity site already associated vivo bull fertility additional snp associated ercr sperm kinetic parameter also identified contrast gwas fertility trait bovine spermatozoon reported significant snp located btx identified snp interest sexual chromosome', 'comprehensive systematic view genetic regulation lipid_metabolism gene still lacking pig herewith investigated genetic regulation porcine gene crucial_role uptake transport synthesis catabolism lipid with aim performed expression qtl eqtl scan pig available genotype illumina_porcine chip microarray measurement gene expression gluteus_medius muscle analysis data gemma_software revealed modulating expression locus gene regulated eqtl participated wide array lipid_metabolism pathway fatty_acid lipid_biosynthesis lipolysis fatty_acid activation desaturation lipoprotein uptake apolipoprotein assembly cholesterol trafficking these data provide first picture genetic regulation locus involved porcine lipid_metabolism', 'the virginia chicken line_divergently selected juvenile body_weight generation today line show difference selected trait body_weight these line provide unique opportunity study genetic_architecture selection previously several quantitative_trait locus qtl contributing weight difference line mapped later replicated advanced_intercross here explore possibility increase resolution qtl via imputation strategy aim better capture genetic_diversity divergently_selected outbred founder line the founder intercross genotyped imputation used assign genotype throughout pedigree imputation increased marker_density selected qtl providing marker subsequent analysis both association analysis used explore region associated body_weight the approach revealed several statistically population structure independent association increased mapping_resolution further qtl also found contain multiple independent association marker fixed founder population implying complex underlying architecture due combined effect multiple linked locus perhaps located independent haplotype still segregate selected line', 'inhibitor myod family transcription modulator bind myod family_member inhibits transcriptional_activity highly_expressed sclerotome play_important role patterning somite early development study polymorphism bovine gene detected polymerase_chain stranded conformational_polymorphism dna_pool sequencing method individual three chinese cattle breed the result showed locus two novel complete linked single_nucleotide polymorphism resulting missense_mutation agc ggc synonymous_mutation cat cac respectively locus novel snp resulted nonsense mutation tgc tga the statistical_analysis indicated three snp associated phenotypic trait luxi_qinchuan jiaxian cattle population the variant superior growth trait heterozygote diplotype associated higher growth trait compared homozygote our_result provide_evidence polymorphism gene associated growth trait may used selection beef_cattle breeding_program', 'the_objective study compare mapping_precision power multibreed association study_gwas compare result obtained multibreed_gwas method the multibreed_gwas expected improve mapping_precision compared gwas linkage_disequilibrium conserved shorter distance across breed within breed the multibreed_gwas also expected increase detection_power quantitative_trait locus qtl segregating across breed gwas_performed production trait dairy_cattle using_imputed full genome_sequence bull originating french danish dairy_cattle population our_result show multibreed_gwas valuable_tool detection fine_mapping quantitative_trait locus the number qtl detected multibreed_gwas larger number detected gwas indicating increase_power especially holstein population combined the largest_number qtl detected population combined the analysis combining breed however dominated holstein qtl segregating breed holstein sometimes overshadowed larger qtl segregating holstein therefore gwas combining breed except holstein useful detect peak combining breed except holstein resulted smaller qtl interval average outcome case holstein population included analysis although decrease average qtl size observed mapping_precision improve several qtl out different multibreed method weighted model resulted similar result full multibreed_gwas useful alternative full multibreed_gwas difference multibreed_gwas larger different breed combined holstein population combined', 'over last_decade several genetic disorder discovered cattle however genetic background disorder calf le reported recently german cattle farmer reported calf specific mating chronic diarrhea retarded growth unknown etiology affected_calf respond medical treatment died within first month life these calf underdeveloped weight showed progressive severe emaciation despite normal feed_intake hallmark finding blood biochemical analysis pronounced hypocholesterolemia deficiency vitamin result clinical blood biochemical examination striking similarity finding reported human hypobetalipoproteinemia postmortem examination revealed atrophy body fat reserve including spinal canal bone marrow identify_causal region performed association study affected control animal genotyped_illumina beadchip_illumina san_diego revealing strong association signal bta subsequent autozygosity mapping identified haplotype_encompassing the segment extended homozygosity contains transcript among gene apob causal cholesterol disorder human however result variant calling affected_unaffected animal detect putative causal_mutation the haplotype important adverse effect calf_mortality homozygous state comparing survival_rate risk mating mating blood cholesterol value animal significantly_associated carrier status indicating codominant inheritance the frequency haplotype current holstein population estimated this_study describes identification phenotypic manifestation new holstein haplotype characterized pronounced hypocholesterolemia chronic emaciation growth retardation increased mortality young cattle denominated cholesterol deficiency haplotype our genomic investigation phenotypic examination provide additional evidence mutation within apob_gene causing cholesterol deficiency holstein_cattle', 'the_objective study estimate allele_frequency snp cast gene different genetic group beef_cattle produced brazil nellore cross bos_taurus evaluate association polymorphism meat trait five_hundred animal six different genetic group genotyped phenotyped shear_force myofibrillar fragmentation_index mfi rib_eye area backfat_thickness total lipid allele snp detected genetic group frequency higher significant association observed polymorphism meat_tenderness mfi genotype exhibited best value these_result demonstrate first_time occurrence studied snp zebu breed potential_application genetic_improvement meat_tenderness nellore breed bos_indicus cross bos_taurus', 'brazil one largest beef producer exporter world nelore breed representing vast majority brazilian cattle bos_taurus indicus despite great adaptability nelore breed tropical climate meat_tenderness remains improved several factor including genetic composition influence article report analysis copy_number variation cnv inferred high_density data nelore population male detected cnv region cnvrs representing genome comparing result previous_study revealed overlap cnvrs total cnvrs_overlapped gene they enriched process involving guanosine triphosphate gtp previously_reported influence skeletal_muscle physiology morphology nelore cnvrs also overlapped qtls reported breed cnvrs previous_study population cnvrs two cnvrs also proximal glutathione metabolism gene previously associated association study state estimated_breeding value derived meat shear_force identified region including region contains gene camp cgmp pathway ten cnvrs_overlapped region associated successfully validated qpcr our_result represent first comprehensive cnv study bos_taurus indicus cattle identify region copy_number change potentially importance phenotype', 'identification genetic variant associated foot leg disorder fld aid genetic_improvement trait providing knowledge gene influence trait variation denmark fld cattle recorded since report used deregressed breeding_value response_variable association study bull danish_holstein nordic_red dairy_cattle danish_jersey deregressed_estimated breeding_value genotyped_illumina bovine single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genotyping_array genotype imputed_sequence variant snp autosome used association analysis modified linear approach efficient association expedited emmax linear_mixed model used association analysis identified snp snp quantitative_trait locus qtl region associated fld index danish_holstein nordic_red dairy_cattle danish_jersey population respectively identify qtl common among breed breed qtl region significant additional qtl region identified compared analysis comparison top snp location within qtl region known gene suggested lcorl mo mitf may candidate_gene fld dairy_cattle', 'background clinical_mastitis inflammation mammary_gland cause significant cost dairy production unfavourably genetically_correlated milk_production thus knowledge mechanism_underlie trait would valuable improve simultaneously breeding quantitative_trait locus qtl affect clinical_mastitis milk_production recently around bovine_chromosome identification gene underlies qtl possible due strong_linkage disequilibrium single_nucleotide polymorphism snp within region our_aim identify gene possible causal polymorphism responsible qtl association analysis snp imputed_full sequence_data combination analysis transcript protein level identified candidate_gene result association snp studied trait strongest snp located_within immediately upstream component gene this gene_encodes vitamin protein dbp multiple role immune defense milk_production duplication identified downstream gene covered last exon segregated qtl allele associated increased mastitis_susceptibility milk_production however analysis mrna_level available sample revealed difference expression animal lacking duplication moreover detected difference concentration dbp ligand vitamin animal different genotype available study conclusion_our result_suggest gene underlies qtl clinical_mastitis milk_production however since healthy animal sampled transcription expression analysis could draw final conclusion absence quantitative difference animal different genotype future study_investigate rna expression protein level cow different genotype infection', 'improving lactation persistency dairy_cattle beneficial effect animal health fertility herd productivity complex trait reflects cow ability maintain milk secretion activity lactation peak also function postcalving development mammary_gland later tissue_remodeling lactation decline this decline consequence imbalance cell_proliferation cell removal previous_study single_nucleotide polymorphism identified osteopontin_opn gene osteopontin multifaceted protein play_important role immune regulation tissue_remodeling because opn involved involution might also effect the_objective present_study evaluate whether could influenced genetic_variation gene this association analyzed population bull characterized previous_study the population mean estimated_breeding value_ebv unit allele genotype association analysis performed comparing frequency different genotype allele ebv respective lactation using logistic_regression the ebv first lactation second lactation third lactation overall lactation olp reported genotype the first single_nucleotide polymorphism affected olp analysis estimated average allele_substitution effect also confirmed favorable_allele given gain observed olp difference ebv observed animal different haplotype olp contrast analysis olp revealed mean ebv greater block animal the gain block gcga suggests presence favorable_allele first position block the pleiotropic role opn position crossroad immune regulation tissue_remodeling involution from genetic perspective data present_study suggest opn candidate_gene associated dairy_cow', 'objective whole_genome association study conducted_identify single_nucleotide polymorphism snp additive_dominant effect growth_carcass trait korean_native cattle hanwoo method the data_set comprised sire hanwoo_steer born spring fall the steer genotyped snp embedded illumina_bovine snp beadchip six growth_carcass quality trait measured steer series test model_applied classify gene expression_pattern additive_dominant result total snp detected chromosome genome wise level weaning_weight wwt yearling_weight ywt carcass_weight cwt backfat_thickness bft longissimus_dorsi muscle_area lma marbling_score respectively among significant snp snp additive_effect snp dominance_effect snp additive_dominance effect suggesting dominance inheritance mode considered genetic_improvement growth_carcass quality hanwoo the significant snp located quantitative_trait locus qtl region bos_taurus chromosome bta detected there strong_evidence key chromosome affecting cwt also key chromosome almost trait measured wwt ywt lma conclusion the application various additive_dominance snp model enabled better characterization snp inheritance mode growth_carcass quality trait hanwoo many detected snp qtl dominance_effect suggesting dominance considered snp data implementation successive molecular breeding_scheme hanwoo', 'ketosis one frequently reported metabolic health event dairy_herd several genetic analysis ketosis_dairy cattle conducted however focused specifically jersey_cattle the_objective research included estimating variance_component susceptibility_ketosis identification genomic_region associated ketosis jersey_cattle voluntary health event data related ketosis available dairy record management_system raleigh standardization implemented account various acronym used producer designate incidence ketosis event restricted first reported incidence within calving_first fifth parity after editing total record_cow total genotyped animal used genomic analysis using marker because binary nature trait threshold animal model_fitted using version using pedigree_information genomic information incorporated using genomic_blup approach individual single_nucleotide polymorphism snp effect proportion_variance explained window calculated using version heritability susceptibility_ketosis standard_deviation genomic analysis respectively the marker largest associated effect located chromosome mbp the window_explaining largest_proportion variance located chromosome beginning mbp gene_ontology medical subject heading mesh enrichment_analysis identified several overrepresented process term related immune_function our_result indicate genetic component related ketosis susceptibility jersey_cattle genetic selection improved resistance ketosis feasible', 'exploring dominance variance locus contributing dominance variation important understand_genetic architecture behind quantitative_trait the_objective study estimate dominance variance detect_quantitative trait locus qtl dominant effect iii evaluate power precision identifying locus dominance_effect simulation application female_fertility danish_holstein cattle the female_fertility record analyzed number_insemination nins day calving_first insemination icf day first last_insemination ifl covering ability recycle get pregnant female_reproductive cycle there heifer cow female_fertility record illumina_beadchip genotype single_nucleotide polymorphism snp quality_control genomic_best linear_unbiased prediction_blup model used_estimate additive_dominance genetic_variance linear_mixed model used association analysis simulation study performed_using genotyped heifer data heifer estimate dominance genetic_variance female_fertility trait larger additive_genetic variance large standard error the variance_component fertility trait cow could estimated due statistical_model total five qtl located chromosome qtl identified showed additive_dominance genetic effect among snp chromosome close previously identified qtl nordic_holstein interval first last_insemination this snp located untranslated_region gene peptidylprolyl isomerase like shown associated milk_production trait holstein_cattle known_function simulation indicated current sample_size limited_power detect qtl dominance_effect female_fertility probably due_low qtl variance more female need genotyped achieve reliable mapping qtl dominance_effect female_fertility', 'endocrine_fertility trait defined progesterone concentration level milk interesting indicator dairy_cow fertility directly reflect cow reproductive_physiology classical_fertility trait biased farm management decision the_aim study detect_quantitative trait locus qtl endocrine_fertility trait dairy_cow performing association study single_nucleotide polymorphism snp targeted qtl region using_imputed sequence_variant two classical_fertility trait also analyzed qtl snp the association snp phenotype assessed regression snp using linear_mixed model included random_polygenic effect total holstein_friesian cow lactation phenotype genotype used association analysis heritability_estimate ranged endocrine_fertility trait classical_fertility trait the association study identified qtl region endocrine_fertility trait bos_taurus autosome_bta the highest number qtl region association study identified endocrine trait proportion sample luteal activity overlapping qtl region found endocrine trait bta for classical trait calving_first service qtl region identified bta overlapping region identified bta endocrine trait target region endocrine trait bta using_imputed sequence_variant confirmed qtl association study identified several associated variant contribute index marker genetic_improvement fertility several potential candidate_gene underlying endocrine_fertility trait also identified target region discussed however due high linkage_disequilibrium possible specify gene polymorphism causal factor region', 'meat_quality trait increasing importance pig_industry strong impact consumer_acceptance herewith combined phenotypic microarray expression data map locus potential effect five meat_quality trait recorded longissimus_dorsi gluteus_medius muscle duroc_pig hour electric conductivity muscle redness lightness yellowness found significant association several additional region significantly_associated meat_quality trait level there low positional_concordance association found trait feature reflects existence difference genetic_determinism meat_quality phenotype two muscle the performance eqtl search snp mapping region associated meat_quality trait demonstrated qtl display positional_concordance regulating expression several gene potential role muscle metabolism', 'the_objective study_investigate association single_nucleotide polymorphism snp birth_weight weight_gain birth_weaning weaning_yearling yearling_height cow weight nelore_cattle data animal participating deltagen paint breeding_program used the animal genotyped panel snp illumina_bovinehd beadchip snp remained quality_control analysis genomic data association study performed_using methodology the analysis processed family program when applied association study gblup_methodology iterative process estimate weight snp the weight snp included analysis iteratively applying gblup_methodology repeated twice effect snp effect animal recalculated order increase weight snp large effect reduce weight small effect the association result reported based proportion_variance explained window_adjacent snp considering two iteration window additive_genetic variance presented result association observed birth_weight bta weight_gain birth_weaning bta weight_gain weaning_yearling bta yearling_height bta showing gene transmembrane protein associated birth_weight yearling_height kell blood group complex family_member associated birth_weight natriuretic peptide receptor associated yearling_height regenerating associated weight_gain weaning_yearling these gene play_important role feed_intake weight_gain regulation skeletal growth', 'mastitis common expensive disease dairy_cow implies significant loss dairy_industry worldwide many effort made improve genetic mastitis_resistance dairy population low_heritability trait made process effective desired the_purpose study identify_genomic region explaining genetic_variation somatic_cell count using copy_number variation cnvs marker holstein population genotyped_illumina bovinehd_beadchip found copy_number variation region significantly_associated estimated_breeding value somatic_cell score using svs software respectively the association analysis performed two software allowed_identification candidate_gene tert pparα abo rela dbh fasn result classified functional cluster these gene also part two gene network whose gene share death response term combining cnv analysis based two different algorithm help towards complete identification gene linked phenotypic_variation somatic_cell count', 'male_piglet routinely castrated eliminate boar_taint however treatment undesirable alternative approach including genetic strategy reduce boar_taint demanded androstenone one causative_agent boar_taint qtl region affecting pheromone previously_reported duroc the qtl region one reported androstenone simultaneously affect level sex steroid the main_objective study fine_map qtl whole_genome sequence_data norwegian duroc_boar analyzed detect new polymorphism within qtl region subset snp genotyped duroc sire analyzed association androstenone adipose_tissue testosterone estrone sulphate blood plasma our_result revealed snp significantly_associated androstenone_level fat snp strong_linkage disequilibrium region this haplotype_block contains least four positional_candidate gene involved androstenone biosynthesis significant association found snp level testosterone estrogen confirming previous_finding the amount_phenotypic variance_explained single snp within haplotype_block high snp region significantly affect level androstenone without affecting level sex steroid especially interesting genetic marker selection boar_taint', 'connecting association study_gwas biological_mechanism underlying_complex trait major challenge mastitis_resistance milk_production complex trait economic_importance dairy sector associated infection imi here integrated data holstein_cattle gwas data three dairy_cattle breed holstein_nordic red_cattle jersey explore_genetic basis mastitis_resistance milk_production using analysis genomic feature linear_mixed model gene responsive imi mammary_gland preferentially enriched genetic variant associated mastitis_resistance rather milk_production response gene liver mainly enriched variant associated mastitis_resistance early time_point whereas responsive gene later stage enriched associated variant milk_production the gene enriched associated variant mastitis_resistance milk_production respectively the pattern consistent_across breed indicating different breed shared similarity genetic_basis trait our approach provide framework integrating multiple layer data understand_genetic architecture_underlying complex trait', 'harmful recessive haplotype reproductive fertility trait previously detected cattle far study published pig the_aim study locate chromosomal_region putative_lethal haplotype estimate effect identified haplotype reproductive trait finnish_yorkshire pig breed used marker genotype finnish_yorkshire boar genotyped_illumina beadchip the analysed trait number_stillborn piglet first_later parity total number_piglet born first_later parity piglet mortality birth_weaning first_later parity haplotype claimed putative_lethal common population homozygous animal found detected altogether putative_lethal haplotype one haplotype chromosome position significantly_associated trait three possible candidate_gene found chromosomal_region further analysis needed_confirm role gene pig reproductive_performance', 'prevalence swine respiratory_disease cause poor growth performance serious_economic loss swine_industry study categorical trait enzootic epl_score representing infection gradient respiratory_disease likely enzootic pneumonia recorded herd chinese_erhualian pig according epl_score disease effect weight_gain pig grouped control epl_score case epl_score the weight_gain case group reduced significantly day compared control group the heritability epl_score estimated based pedigree_information using linear_mixed model all erhualian_pig nine sire parent_genotyped illumina_porcine snp_chip two association study performed generalized_linear mixed_model model respectively total five locus surpassed suggestive_significance level chromosome kit highlighted candidate_gene might_play important_role determining swine respiratory_disease the finding_advance understanding_genetic basis respiratory_disease pig', 'the chinese_erhualian pig highest record litter_size world however genetic_mechanism high_prolificacy remains poorly_understood study large phenotypic_variation litter_size found among erhualian sow significant difference total number_born tnb corpus_lutea number observed sow high_low estimated_breeding value_ebv tnb identify single_nucleotide polymorphism snp associated tnb selective genomic scan_conducted sow representing top sow representing bottom ebv sow using_illumina porcine genotype data fixation coefficient fst value calculated snp group total snp significantly differentiated locus two group top highest_fst snp ssc corresponded previously_reported qtl litter_size the five snp appeared novel qtl tnb significant association tnb confirmed erhualian sow forty gene identified around top highest_fst snp adjacent cltc adjacent reported affect ovulation_rate pig the finding_advance understanding_genetic variation litter_size pig', 'carcass trait beef_cattle genetically improved increase yield high quality meat association study_gwas powerful method identify genetic variant associated carcass trait for genotyped snp chinese simmental cattle used compressed_mixed linear_model cmlm perform_association study knuckle biceps shank beef carcass trait seventeen significantly_associated snp found located interestingly one pleiotropic quantitative_trait nucleotide_qtn named within gene region found govern variation knuckle biceps shank trait the qtn accounted_phenotypic variance biceps addition snp distributed detected associated carcass trait', 'protected designation origin ham important production italian_heavy pig_industry ham capable minimal seasoning loss produce better quality ham ham_weight loss first day brine first salting highly_correlated total loss weight end seasoning quite high_heritability for reason ham_weight loss first salting included meat_quality trait italian_heavy pig selection_program work carried association study parameter italian_large white pig breed genotyping animal illumina_beadchip chip total single_nucleotide polymorphism snp pnominal value five one chromosome associated trait pbonferroni threshold these snp identified total least putative qtls located porcine autosomal_chromosome this_study provides genomic information could_useful dissecting complex trait identifying potential candidate_gene whose function could contribute understanding_biological mechanism affecting meat_quality seasoning aptitude', 'the_aim study determine extent linkage_disequilibrium genome nellore_cattle examine association single_nucleotide polymorphism snp age_first calving afc early pregnancy using panel snp data nellore female total contemporary group used consisting farm season year_birth for association analysis snp minor_allele frequency_maf animal call_rate excluded totaling snp for statistical_analysis linear_model used afc threshold model estimate significance association two trait model included categorical fixed_effect snp sire addition polygenic_effect included analysis the additive_effect dominance_deviation significant snp afc estimated using orthogonal contrast the average estimate autosome distance mean maf the decreased distance marker increased eleven significant association detected seven different chromosome seven snp associated afc four associated three snp significant trait the identification snp associated afc may_contribute selecting sexually precocious animal', 'interleukin proinflammatory chemokine involved neutrophil recruitment activation response_infection also resolution inflammation our previous_study identified number genetic polymorphism bovine promoter_region segregate two haplotype balanced_frequency subsequently showed haplotype confer divergent activity_vitro mammary epithelial_cell vivo response lp study hypothesised balanced_frequency haplotype could explained divergent selection_pressure acting locus address hypothesis association study carried aiming identify putative link haplotype somatic_cell score_sc dairy_cow addition basal inducible promoter_activity two haplotype characterised bovine endometrial epithelial bend_cell macrophage result showed_significant association haplotype increased sc functional analysis showed haplotype potent inducer expression bend_cell response lp tnfα stimulation contrast bend_cell dna construct encoding bovine herpesvirus antigen induced significantly_higher expression the present_study shed_light molecular_mechanism underlying selection sc provides_evidence balanced_frequency two haplotype cattle may occur result opposing directional selection_pressure bacterial viral infection', 'growth fat_deposition important economic trait due influence production pig study dataset pig snp genotyped sequencing gb used_conduct gwas regression_method identify snp associated body_weight backfat_thickness bft search candidate_gene landrace_yorkshire pig total significant snp associated body_weight bft respectively region snp body_weight snp bft locus region gap two snp located gene gene play_important role pigmentation two snp located found overlap weight bft however candidate_gene found region addition based significant snp two positional_candidate gene cadps proposed influence weight conclusion first study report using gb data identify significant snp weight bft total four particularly interesting snp one potential candidate_gene found trait domestic pig this_study improves knowledge better_understand complex genetic_architecture weight bft validation study candidate locus gene recommended pig', 'association study_gwas convenient strategy genetic analysis successful detecting association number polymorphism snp quantitative_trait however analysis individual snp account small proportion genetic_variation offer limited knowledge complex trait this inadequacy may overcome employing gwas analytic approach considered complementary association analysis here_performed initial gwas bone weight meat value total snp simmental cattle additionally cattle gene collected ensembl gene database analyzed find supplementary evidence support importance association study result single association study showed snp significantly_associated bone weight two snp associated meat value interestingly snp located gene detected association study', 'osteochondrosis injury cartilage canal following necrosis growth cartilage develop osteochondrosis_dissecans ocd due high impact equine_industry new_insight predisposing factor potential genetic variant warranted this article review advancement quantitative molecular genetics refining estimation genetic_parameter identifying predisposing genetic locus heritabilities highest hock estimate hanoverian_warmblood norwegian trotter whereas thoroughbred low genetic_variation seemed present hock lesion whole_genome scan using_illumina equine_beadchip performed thoroughbred standardbred french norwegian trotter hanoverian dutch warmblood validation study spanish_purebred hanoverian_warmblood horse corroborated risk locus eca particularly strong association found single_nucleotide polymorphism snp horse chromosome_eca upstream_lcorl gene gene expression microrna analysis may helpful understand pathophysiological process equine connect genomic_region potential candidate_gene furthermore progress elucidating underlying genetic variant pathophysiological change may expected whole_genome dna rna_sequencing study', 'this_study conducted determine relationship five intragenic single_nucleotide polymorphism snp marker protein_kinase adenosine subunit fatty_acid synthase_fasn calpastatin_cast high_mobility group receptor meat_quality trait duroc breeding stock korea total purebred_duroc gilt sire_dam pig breeding farm reaching market weight slaughtered_carcass chilled overnight longissimus_dorsi muscle removed carcass slaughter used determine pork property including carcass_weight backfat_thickness moisture intramuscular_fat shear_force redness texture fatty_acid composition the fasn cast gene snp significantly_associated meat_quality trait the meat genotype higher redness texture genotype meat fasn genotype higher backfat_thickness texture stearic_acid oleic_acid polyunsaturated_fatty acid fasn genotype while carcass cast genotype thicker backfat lower shear_force palmitoleic_acid oleic_acid content higher stearic_acid content cast genotype the genotype involved increasing backfat_thickness carcass_weight moisture saturated_fatty acid_content decreasing unsaturated_fatty acid_content duroc meat these_result indicated five snp marker tested help_select duroc breed improve carcass meat_quality property crossbred pig', 'improvement eating satisfaction benefit consumer increase beef demand interest beef industry tenderness_juiciness flavor major_determinant palatability beef often used reflect eating satisfaction carcass quality used indicator trait meat_quality higher quality_grade carcass expected relate tender palatable meat however meat_quality complex concept determined many component trait making interpretation association study_gwas one component challenging interpret recent approach combining traditional gwas gene network interaction theory could efficient dissecting genetic_architecture complex trait phenotypic measure trait reflecting carcass characteristic component meat_quality along mineral peptide concentration used along illumina_bovine snp genotype derive annotated gene network associated meat_quality angus beef_cattle the efficient_mixed model association emmax approach combination genomic relationship_matrix used directly estimate association snp genotype component trait genomic correlated region identified partial_correlation used along information theory algorithm derive gene network cluster correlated snp across component trait subjected network scoring visualization software identify significant snp significant pathway_implicated meat_quality complex term enrichment_analysis included angiogenesis inflammation transmembrane transporter activity receptor activity these_result suggest network analysis using partial_correlation annotation significant snp reveal genetic_architecture complex trait provide novel information regarding biological_mechanism gene lead complex phenotype like meat_quality nutritional healthfulness value beef improvement genome annotation knowledge gene function contribute comprehensive analysis advance ability dissect complex architecture_complex trait', 'this_study seek verify feasibility increasing twinning herd italian autochtonous maremmana breed the data_set included individual born male_female calving least breeding_value twinning estimated linear animal model however since twinning dichotomous trait frequency twin far smaller frequency single birth breeding_value also estimated animal threshold model heritability twinning linear threshold model respectively repeatability respectively two model genotyping illumina_beadchip performed cow living farm cow association analysis performed corrected phenotype calving lifespan cow using_genabel package three step approach genomic heritability calculated genomic kinship_matrix estimated genomic marker data the significant detected single_nucleotide polymorphism located proximity two gene might potential functional_candidate twinning_rate cattle', 'lactation persistency defined rate declining milk_yield milk peak economically_important trait dairy_cattle improving considered good alternative method increasing overall milk_production cause negative energy_balance health_issue cow experience peak milk_production however_little known biology association study_gwas pathway_enrichment used explore_genetic mechanism_underlying the gwas_performed using univariate regression mixed_linear model data cow single_nucleotide polymorphism snp eight snp significantly suggestively_associated respectively the important quantitative_trait locus region region bos_taurus autosome_bta significant snp located also formed linkage_disequilibrium block snp region bta contained significant snp based physical position potential candidate_gene significant snp located intronic region enrichment_analysis list gene flanking_region significant suggestive snp indicates synthesis milk component regulation cell apoptosis process insulin prolactin signaling_pathway important upstream regulator relevant positional_candidate gene prolactin_prl peroxisome_receptor gamma pparg receptor tyrosine kinase several network related cellular development proliferation death significantly_enriched positional_candidate gene conclusion study detected several snp gene interesting region fine_mapping validation candidate_gene snp potential use_selection improved this_study also provided insight biology help prioritize selected candidate_gene functional validation application', 'background milk content interest associated nutritional manufacturing property known milk content strongly affected genetic factor cattle genetic difference associated chromosomal_region contains gene the_aim study characterize region using snp data bovinehdbeadchip perform_association study statistical approach developed build haplotype capture genetic_variation associated genomic_region result the snp significant effect content one causal_mutation responsible protein variant haplotype based selected lead snp clustered group different effect content four different group identified suggesting variant refined conclusion_this study showed protein variant explain genetic_variation associated tail part region contains one mutation effect content these_finding used selection cow higher cheese_yield desirable dairy_industry', 'heat_stress represents key factor negatively_affect productive reproductive_performance farm_animal present_work new measure tolerance heat_stress dairy_cattle developed using principal_component analysis data record milk_yield fat protein_percentage somatic_cell score italian_holstein cow record adjusted main systematic factor grouped index thi class daughter trait deviation dtd calculated bull mean adjusted record thi class principal_component analysis performed dtd bull the first principal_component explained total variance system across trait the first measure level curve located interpreted measure level dtd curve located the second show slope increasing decrease dtd curve synthesized behavior dtd pattern heritability component score moderate_high level across trait range low_moderate slope range for trait phenotypic genetic_correlation level_slope equal zero association analysis carried subsample bull genotyped_illumina bovine bead_chip illumina_san diego two single_nucleotide polymorphism significantly_associated slope milk_yield level fat_percentage level_slope protein_percentage respectively the gene discovery carried considering window surrounding significant marker highlighted interesting_candidate gene some already associated mechanism heat_tolerance heat shock transcription_factor carrier protein transacylase mcat the able describe overall level_slope response milk_production trait across increasing level thi index moreover exhibited genetic_variability genetically uncorrelated these feature suggest use measure thermotolerance dairy_cattle breeding_scheme', 'the_aim work better_understand genetic_mechanism determining two complex trait affecting porcine meat_quality intramuscular_fat imf_content fatty_acid composition with purpose expression association study egwas gene associated meat_quality trait swine muscle longissimus_dorsi iberian_landrace backcross animal performed the egwas identified snp associated gene crot fo mgll ppara three expression quantitative_trait locus eqtls mgll identified showing effect whereas eqtls trans regulatory effect polymorphism promoter_region associated expression identified addition strong candidate_gene regulating fo ppara gene expression also seen notably analysis highlighted transcription_factor strong candidate_gene involved_regulation gene analysed finally mgll gene identified potential regulator within qtls fatness growth trait ibmap population the result obtained increase knowledge functional regulatory_mechanism involved complex trait', 'bovine leukemia virus blv causative_agent enzootic bovine leukosis malignant cell lymphoma spread worldwide cause serious problem cattle industry the blv_proviral load represents blv genome integrated host genome useful index estimating disease progression transmission risk here conducted association study identify single_nucleotide polymorphism snp associated blv_proviral load japanese_black cattle the study examined cattle high proviral_load low proviral_load three snp showed_significant association proviral_load one snp detected gene chromosome two linkage_disequilibrium detected bovine major_histocompatibility complex region chromosome these_result suggest polymorphism major_histocompatibility complex region affect proviral_load this_first report detect snp associated blv_proviral load japanese_black cattle using whole_genome association study understanding host factor may provide important clue controlling spread blv japanese_black cattle', 'complex trait multiple phenotypic value changing time called longitudinal trait traditional association study_gwas longitudinal trait estimated_breeding value_ebv deregressed_proof drp instead multiple phenotypic measurement per individual frequently treated response_variable statistical_model this result power loss even inflate false_positive rate fprs detection due failure exploring relationship_among measurement aiming overcoming limitation developed two random model functional gwas longitudinal trait could directly use original record response_variable fit quantitative_trait nucleotide_qtn effect simulation study showed method could control fprs increase statistical_power detecting qtn comparison traditional method ebv drps estimated residual considered response_variable besides proposed model also achieved reliable power gene detection implementing two real datasets chinese_holstein cattle data genetic analysis workshop data our study herein offer optimal way enhance power gene detection understand_genetic control developmental_process complex longitudinal trait', 'genotype data_analyzed three line swine express substantial variation sow fertility uncover region genome potentially influenced selection litter_size trait the experimental line examined include nebraska index line nil subjected selection litter_size control line derived population founded nil commercial duroc hampshire population selection litter_size practiced region genome potentially affected selection litter_size trait nil determined multiple line evidence including altered allelic_frequency compared line loss heterozygosity relative extended haplotype homozygosity additionally association study litter_size trait conducted population based nil commercial maternal line genetics several genomic_region identified putative signature_selection overlapped qtl litter_size trait one region located includes candidate_gene play_role implantation sustained release hormone associated reproductive process sequencing identified synonymous snp fixed nil polymorphic nearly equal frequency line indicating_potential role sow fertility these_result suggest data derived line help uncover understand portion genetic_variance associated fertility trait swine', 'association study applied identify useful snp associated complex trait furthermore regional_genomic mapping used_estimate regional variance clarify genomic relationship within outside region previously applied milk trait cattle applied single snp analysis regional_genomic mapping investigate snp region associated milk_yield trait dairy_cattle the breeding_value three trait total yield milk mlk_fat fat protein prt day holstein sire japan analyzed all sire genotyped polymorphism snp marker significant region common three trait identified regional_genomic mapping chromosome bta contrast single snp analysis identified significant snp mlk_fat prt region regional_genomic mapping revealed additional significant region fat identified single snp analysis the additive_effect estimated regional_genomic mapping analysis three trait positively correlated one another however regional_genomic effect obtained using window size snp fat negatively_correlated regional_genomic effect mlk prt the regional effect fat also showed_significant negative_correlation whole genomic effect mlk_fat prt these negative genomic correlation locus consistent negative linkage_disequilibrium expected trait directional selection such antagonistic correlation may hamper fixation fat increasing allele summary regional_genomic mapping found region associated milk_production trait single snp analysis addition existence covariance regional whole genomic effect may_influence detection regional effect antagonistic correlation could hamper fixation major gene intensive_selection', 'objective polymorphism occurring precursor region micrornas_mirnas affect target gene alter biogenesis mirnas resulting phenotypic_variation the_purpose study_investigate genetic effect mutation precursor region economic trait chicken resource_population method explore effect polymorphism chicken economic trait snp genotyped massarray laser flight mass_spectrometry the association snp chicken body_size growth_carcass trait determined linear_mixed model result the snp significantly_associated body_weight age week respectively also breadth chicken chest body_slanting length pelvic breadth_week chest_depth week_age body_slanting length_week respectively conclusion_our data serve_useful resource analysis mirna function represent molecular genetic_basis poultry breeding', 'background earlobe_color naturally artificially selected trait chicken head furnishing trait selected breed characteristic research demonstrated earlobe_color related least three locus however_little work date identify specific genomic_region gene response earlobe_color rhode_island red chicken currently possible identify_genomic region responsible earlobe rhode_island red chicken eliminate gap knowledge using association_gwa analysis result present_study association_gwa analysis conducted explore candidate genomic_region response chicken earlobe_color phenotype hen red dominant white dominant earlobe used analysis illumina snp_array the gwa result showed genomic_region snp chromosome significantly_correlated earlobe_color including sixteen known gene seven anonymous gene the sixteen gene pam rgmb lnpep shb nan clta gne conclusion the study revealed earlobe trait polygenic rhode_island red chicken genome significant region gene found could play_critical role formation earlobe_color especially gene taken_together candidate_gene finding_herein help_elucidate genomic architecture response earlobe provide_new insight mechanism_underlying earlobe_color rhode_island red chicken breed', 'poultry_industry aggressive_behaviour large animal_welfare issue world date little_known underlying_genetics aggressive_behaviour here_performed association study_gwas explore_genetic mechanism associated aggressive_behaviour chicken the gwas result showed total snp associated aggressive_behaviour trait chromosome significantly_associated aggression intron region domain_containing receptor gene addition biological_function analysis nearest gene around significant snp performed ingenuity_pathway analysis interaction_network contained gene obtained involved network interacted nerve growth_factor ngf nerve growth_factor receptor ngfr dopa decarboxylase dopamine after knockdown mrna_level ngf dopamine_receptor gene significantly decreased summary data indicated might_play important_role chicken aggressive_behaviour regulation dopaminergic pathway ngf', 'shank_skin color korean_native chicken knc show large color variation varies white yellow green bluish grey black whilst majority european breed shank typically three shank_skin trait lightness_redness yellowness measured spectrophotometer progeny nuclear family knc resource_population performed genome_scan linkage analysis identify locus affect quantitatively measured shank_skin color trait knc all bird genotyped dna marker located_throughout autosome the solar program used_conduct multipoint quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis detected major qtl affect value logarithm_odds lod gga gallus_gallus location also detected qtl influence value lod additionally dioxygenase obvious positional_candidate gene linkage peak investigated two association test measured genotype association mga quantitative transmission_disequilibrium test qtdt significant association detected pmga pqtdt the strongest_association pmga pqtdt however linkage analysis conditional single_nucleotide polymorphism indicated functional variant exist taken_together demonstrate first_time linkage association locus quantitatively measured shank_skin color trait knc', 'several variant kit mitf_gene previously associated white_marking horse study examined eight variant gene menorca purebred_horse prme black horse spanish_purebred horse pre different coat_colour pattern scored extent white_marking test logistic_regression model ridge regression analysis showed missense_mutation kit associated white facial marking total white_marking prme_horse the relative_contribution variant white_marking prme_horse estimated head total score pre_horse variant also associated hindlimb score relative_contribution the intronic variant located_downstream transcription_start site mitf_gene associated le white_marking forelimb prme_horse relative_contribution whereas pre_horse variant associated white facial marking relative_contribution significant association found variant breed these_result show kit mitf variant involved white_marking pattern prme pre_horse providing breeder opportunity use genetic testing aid breeding desired level white_marking', 'the_aim present_study detect_quantitative trait locus affecting fatty_acid composition back_fat intramuscular_fat duroc_pig population comprising pedigree using association study_gwas total animal genotyped using single_nucleotide polymorphism snp_array five selected snp region containing known candidate_gene related fatty_acid synthesis_metabolism total significant snp region detected trait suggestive snp region detected trait the sus_scrofa chromosome_ssc significantly_associated intramuscular_fat significantly_associated intramuscular_fat the significantly_associated back_fat significantly_associated intramuscular_fat these region replicated previously_reported locus containing candidate_gene involved fatty_acid composition fatty_acid synthase desaturase also included several additional related locus', 'follistatin fst involved hair follicle morphogenesis however effect hair trait clear this_study designed_investigate effect fst gene single_nucleotide polymorphism snp wool quality trait chinese_merino sheep_junken type performed gene expression analysis snp detection association analysis fst gene sheep wool quality trait the analysis showed fst gene differentially_expressed adult skin chinese_merino sheep_junken type suffolk_sheep immunostaining showed fst localized inner root sheath irs matrix hair follicle suffolk_sheep sequencing analysis identified total seven snp termed snp fst gene chinese_merino sheep_junken type association analysis showed chr significantly_associated average wool fiber_diameter wool_fineness wool crimp chr significantly_associated wool_fineness fiber_diameter similarly haplotype derived seven identified snp also significantly_associated average wool fiber_diameter wool_fineness fiber_diameter wool crimp our_result suggest fst influence wool quality trait snp might_useful marker selection sheep breeding', 'the_aim research evaluate polymorphism selected gene find potential effect occurrence osteochondrosis polish warmbloods sport horse breed the study conducted group horse subjected official performance test investigated hock twice end test first_second examination basis degree disease evaluated based result previous_research candidate_gene potentially associated occurrence osteochondrosis selected among polymorphism tested seven snp located cpvl frzb gene found associated occurrence osteochondrotic lesion different joint these intragenic polymorphism seem provide_valuable information genetic_basis osteochondrosis sport horse breed', 'feed_conversion ratio_fcr economically_important trait broiler feed account significant proportion cost involved broiler production explore contribution functional variant fcr trait analyzed coding variant snvs across genome exome sequencing seven pair broiler divergent fcr sequence coverage average depth fourfold identified snvs including coding snvs csnvs experimental_population discovered missense snvs synonymous snvs tsnax ita associated fcr haplotype analysis significant snvs dgkz also observed suggestive_evidence haplotype association fcr fcr association analysis snvs identified newly associated gene fcr region subjected targeted exome sequencing the top seven snvs next evaluated independent replication data_set snv chr replicated collectively detected snvs associated fcr broiler well identification snvs known fcr qtl region these_finding facilitate discovery causative_variant fcr contribute selection', 'this_study designed_investigate genetic_basis growth egg trait dongxiang_chicken white_leghorn chicken study employed reduced representation sequencing approach called genotyping genome reducing sequencing detect snp dongxiang_chicken white_leghorn chicken the dongxiang_chicken breed many specific trait characterized egg black plumage black skin black bone black organ the white_leghorn chicken breed high productivity multibreed association study gwass improve precision due le linkage_disequilibrium across breed multibreed_gwas performed snp identify associated variant underlying growth egg trait within two chicken breed the analysis_revealed snp exhibiting significant association growth egg trait some significant snp located gene known impact growth egg trait nearly half significant snp located gene unclear function chicken knowledge_first multibreed report genetics growth egg trait dongxiang white_leghorn chicken', 'background feather_pecking aggressive pecking laying_hen serious_economic welfare_issue spite extensive research feather_pecking last_decade motivation behavior still clear small_moderate heritability frequently reported trait recently identified several polymorphism snp associated feather_pecking mapping selection_signature two divergent feather_pecking line here_performed association analysis gwas feather_pecking aggressive pecking behavior combined result recent selection_signature experiment linked obtained differential gene expression study method large cross hen generated using divergent_line founder hen phenotyped feather peck delivered fpd aggressive peck delivered apd aggressive peck received apr individual genotyped_illumina chicken infinium iselect chip_after data filtering snp remained analysis gwas_performed using poisson model the result combined selection_signature experiment using fisher combined probability test result numerous significant snp identified trait low false_discovery rate nearly significant snp located cluster spanned maximum included least two significant snp for fpd four cluster identified increased based fpdmeta seven cluster identified apd three apr eight gene investigated gene located fpdmeta cluster significantly brain hen line one gene positional_candidate gene apd may linked monomanine signaling_pathway involved feather_pecking aggressive behavior conclusion combining result gwas selection_signature experiment substantially increased statistical_power the behavioral trait controlled many gene small effect single snp effect large enough justify use_selection', 'bovine milk important human_nutrition fat_content often criticized risk_factor cardiovascular disease selective_breeding program could_used alter fatty_acid composition bovine milk improve healthiness dairy_product human_consumption here_performed association study_gwas bovine milk identify_genomic region specific gene associated profile investigate genetic difference italian_simmental italian_holstein breed achieve first characterized milk sample cow cow fat profile gas_chromatography subject genotyped single_nucleotide polymorphism array regression_model gwas_performed our_finding confirm previously_reported quantitative_trait locus strongly_associated bovine milk fat composition more specifically gwas result revealed significant signal chromosome bos_taurus autosome milk further analysis using approach pathway identified gene underlying quantitative_trait locus milk component fasn scd also significant candidate_gene including functional role pathway related lipid_metabolism highlighted gene related profile include dcxr gpt overall association outcome reflect difference genetic background breed selective_breeding history', 'sheep commercial value consumer prefer food producer care feed_conversion rate however sheep still scientific significance fat tail commonly regarded characteristic environmental adaptability finding candidate_gene associated fat tail formation essential breeding conservation identify candidate_gene applied fst hapflk approach sheep available snp genotype data these two method found overlapped region gene may associated fat tail development gene annotation showed may_play important_role fat tail formation these_finding provide_insight tail fat development guide molecular breeding conservation', 'background although harness_racing high economic_importance global equine_industry significant genomic resource yet applied mapping harness_racing success identify_genomic region associated harness_racing success current_study performs association analysis three racing_performance trait coldblooded trotter using axiom equine genotyping_array result following quality_control horse snp retained analysis after strict bonferroni_correction nine significant snp identified career earnings significant snp identified number gallop best time however four suggestive significant snp identified number gallop identified best time multiple gene related intelligence energy_metabolism immune_function identified potential candidate_gene harness_racing success conclusion apart physiological requirement needed harness_racing horse successful result current_study also advocate learning ability memory important element harness_racing success further exploration mental capacity required horse achieve racing_success likely warranted', 'understanding effect particular gene body parameter productive animal particularly significant process selection the gene transcriptional factor protein delta cebpd_gene involved process growth animal known promising_candidate use genomic marker the structure cebpd_gene locus determined using nimblegen sequencing_technology roche usa the effect polymorphism identified using aforementioned technology investigated ram manych_merino sheep breed single_nucleotide polymorphism snp detected cebpd_gene locus significantly two snp namely identified first_time demonstrated complex linked snp consisting negligible effect body parameter manych_merino sheep animal heterozygous type snp exhibited change solely chest croup width the newly discovered snp proven negative effect live_weight body_size manych_merino sheep sheep heterozygous type snp complex showed increase live_weight dimension compared wild homozygous type consequently snp cebpd_gene locus successfully used marker sheep breeding future_research evaluate influence aforementioned snp slaughter indicator sheep meat production', 'objective the_aim study identify_genomic region gene controlling growth trait pig method using panel single_nucleotide polymorphism snp performed association_gwa study pure yorshire pig four growth trait average_daily gain day fixed random model circulating probability unification method used identify association snp four trait snp annotation performed sus_scrofa data_set ensembl bioinformatics_analysis including gene_ontology analysis pathway analysis network analysis used identify candidate_gene result detected significant suggestive snp identified candidate_gene close_proximity suppressor glucose autophagy mitogen activated protein_kinase kinase phospholipase beta rho gtpase activating protein cytoplasmic polyadenylation element_binding protein gli family zinc_finger neuronal adaptor zinc_finger protein multitype gene_ontology analysis literature mining indicated candidate_gene involved bone muscle fat lung development pathway analysis_revealed participate gonadotropin signaling_pathway suggests two gene contribute growth onset_puberty conclusion_our result_provide new clue understanding_genetic mechanism_underlying growth trait may_help improve trait future_breeding program', 'our previous association study sheep revealed intron camkmt gene significantly_associated gain genomic level herein_performed replication study_investigate single_nucleotide polymorphism snp within camkmt gene exon region utrs association growth trait ujumqin sheep five snp identified dna_pool sequencing_technology exon exon six snp including intron genotyped validation group ujumqin sheep snp classified three genotype the test suggested variation equilibrium except linkage_disequilibrium analysis showed strongly linked association analysis suggested significantly_associated chest_girth month_age exhibited significant correlation body_weight chest_girth month_age body_weight chest_girth chest_width month_age highly associated body_weight chest_girth month_age extremely significantly_associated body_weight chest_girth month_age chest_girth month_age significantly_associated body_weight shin circumference month_age gain association analysis combined effect showed_significant correlation body_weight chest_girth four month_age body_weight chest_girth month_age these_result indicate snp could_used meritorious available genetic marker growth trait breeding camkmt gene may one key candidate_gene affect ujumqin economic trait', 'gastrointestinal_nematode serious cause morbidity_mortality grazing ruminant the major ovine defence mechanism acquired immunity protective immunity developing time response_infection nematode_resistance varies within breed moderately_heritable detailed understanding gene mechanism involved protective immunity factor regulate response required aid future_breeding strategy development effective sustainable nematode control method the_aim study compare abomasal_lymph node transcriptome resistant_susceptible lamb order determine biological_process differentially_expressed resistant_susceptible individual scottish_blackface lamb divergent phenotype resistance challenged teladorsagia_circumcincta larva abomasal_lymph node recovered dpi sequencing cdna abomasal_lymph node used quantitatively sample transcriptome average million read per sample total gene differentially_expressed resistant_susceptible lamb dpi respectively differentially_expressed network biological_process identified using ingenuity_pathway analysis gene involved_inflammatory response attraction lymphocyte binding leukocyte highly_expressed resistant_animal dpi susceptible_animal dpi indicating resistant_animal respond infection earlier susceptible_animal single_nucleotide polymorphism snp within differentially_expressed gene tested association gastrointestinal_nematode resistance scottish_blackface lamb four snp gene alb suggestively_associated faecal_egg count conclusion large number gene differentially_expressed abomasal_lymph node resistant_susceptible lamb responding gastrointestinal_nematode challenge resistant scottish_blackface lamb appear generate earlier immune_response circumcincta susceptible_lamb response appears delayed snp differentially_expressed gene suggestively_associated faecal_egg count indicating differentially_expressed gene may_considered candidate locus mediating nematode_resistance', 'objective trait important economic trait swine_industry however genetic_mechanism trait little_known the_aim study screen candidate_gene molecular_marker associated body_dimension body_weight trait pig method association study_gwas body_dimension body_weight trait performed white intercross illumina_beadchip mixed_linear model used ass association single_nucleotide polymorphism snp phenotype result total snp identified significantly_associated body_dimension trait body_weight respectively all snp located genomic_region quantitative_trait locus qtls autosomal_chromosome sus_scrofa build assembly out qtls suggestive_significance level three qtls exceeded_significance threshold except one sus_scrofa chromosome_ssc reported previously qtls novel addition identified promising_candidate gene including cell division cycle abdominal circumference pleiomorphic adenoma gene neuropeptides receptor body_weight cannon bone circumference phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase bone_morphogenetic protein hip circumference conclusion the result demonstrated number potential associated trait pig also laid foundation studying gene role identifying causative_variant underlying locus', 'objective this_study conducted locate_quantitative trait locus qtl influencing fatty_acid composition large intercross landrace korean_native pig method eighteen composition trait measured progeny all_experimental animal genotyped_microsatellite marker located_throughout pig autosome result detected qtls composition forty seven qtls reached significant threshold particular identified cluster highly_significant qtls composition qtl polyunsaturated_fatty acid pig chromosome additive_dominance model nominal accounted_phenotypic variance addition four qtls monounsaturated_fatty acid similar_position explained_phenotypic variance conclusion_our finding major qtl composition presented could provide helpful information locate causative_variant improve meat_quality trait pig', 'growth_fatness trait economically_important pig_industry dissect_genetic architecture trait commercial_pig conducted association study_gwas carcass_weight backfat_thickness body_weight two commercial population duroc_landrace yorkshire dly duroc population enhance detection_power three gwas approach including gwas gwas used study total suggestive locus identified nine chromosome the significant locus detected associated backfat_thickness first rib dly population three gene identified locus baat highlighted functionally plausible_candidate gene pig growth_fatness trait significant locus evidenced study indicating large population required identify qtl minor effect growth_fatness trait commercial_pig population intensively artificial_selection imposed trait small genetical variance usually retain trait', 'height important characteristic equine_industry although little_known genetic control native_british breed pony this_study aimed map qtl data withers_height four pony breed native_british isle including two different section within welsh cob study analysis approach using_illumina infinium beadchip applied pony cob analysis identified highly_significant snp among three snp also previously_reported elsewhere the highest number significant snp associated height native_british horse located', 'the present_study conducted_identify polymorphism gene association clinical_mastitis production trait exon_flanking region screened presence snp statistical_analysis performed identify association period_birth breed genotype mastitis incidence randomly_selected sahiwal karan_fry cattle analysis_revealed mutation exon amplicon gene resolved genotype sahiwal karan_fry cattle wald analysis_revealed period_birth breed genotype significantly_associated mastitis incidence genotyped cattle found le_susceptible mastitis least_square analysis_revealed genotype animal snp gene sahiwal well karan_fry cattle associated higher average milk_yield lactation these observation differential association incidence_mastitis production trait utilized aid selection simultaneous improvement antagonistic trait however validation result large number animal warranted', 'genetical_genomics approach aim_identifying quantitative_trait locus molecular trait also known intermediate phenotype gene expression could link variation genetic information physiological trait current_study expression gwas carried experimental iberian_landrace backcross order_identify genomic_region regulating gene expression gene whose_expression correlated growth fat_deposition premium_cut yield measure pig the analysis conducted exploiting porcine snp beadchip genotype porcine expression microarray data hybridized mrna longissimus_dorsi muscle order focus analysis productive trait reduce number analysis probesets whose_expression showed_significant correlation least_one seven phenotype interest selected egwas total eqtl region identified effect different transcript those eqtls overlapping phenotypic qtls chromosome previously detected animal material analyzed moreover candidate_gene snp analyzed among promising result long rna identified whose_expression correlated premium_cut yield association analysis silico sequence domain annotation support polymorphism candidate regulate expression involved transcriptional regulation surrounding gene affecting productive meat_quality trait', 'performed association analysis milk fat protein_yield somatic_cell score based lactation_stage first_parity canadian ayrshire holstein_jersey cattle the association analysis performed considering different lactation_stage trait parity milk effect single_nucleotide polymorphism snp lactation_stage trait parity breed estimated direct breeding_value estimated using genomic_best linear_unbiased predictor random_regression model containing fixed population average curve random genomic curve identify important genomic_region related analyzed lactation_stage trait parity breed moving window_adjacent snp explaining total genetic_variance selected analysis candidate_gene lower number genomic window relatively higher proportion explained genetic_variance found holstein breed compared ayrshire jersey_breed genomic_region associated analyzed trait located chromosome ayrshire holstein_jersey breed respectively especially holstein breed many identified candidate_gene supported previous_report literature however gene major effect milk_production trait diacylglycerol showed contrasting result among lactation_stage trait parity different breed therefore result_suggest evidence differential set candidate_gene underlying phenotypic expression analyzed trait across breed parity lactation_stage further functional study_needed validate finding independent population', 'background conception fundamental trait successful cattle reproduction however conception_rate japanese_black cattle gradually declining last two decade although conception failure mainly caused embryonic_mortality role maternal genetic factor process remains unknown copy_number variation cnv defined genomic structural variant contributes several genetic disorder identify cnv associated embryonic_mortality japanese_black cattle evaluated embryonic_mortality categorical trait threshold model conducted cnv association study embryonic_mortality using animal result identified cnv ranging bovine_chromosome associated embryonic_mortality day artificial_insemination the cnv harbor exon annexin analysis sequence trace cnv identified read bridging breakpoint present side cnv indicating cnv generated homologous recombination using homologous sequence western blot analysis showed cnv result null allele this association replicated using sample population size animal elucidate function vivo generated null mouse using system crossbreeding experiment showed litter_size cross female fewer pup female embryo female died implantation stage these_result indicate loss maternal cause embryonic_mortality conclusion_this study identified cnv encompassing cow associated embryonic_mortality day using mouse model confirmed litter_size smaller cross female relative wild female these_result indicate maternal factor critical embryo development', 'background milk quality dairy_cattle routinely assessed via analysis mir spectrum approach also used predict milk property cmp composition when method phenotyping combined efficient imputation sequence_data cow genotyping data provides unique powerful framework carry genomic analysis the goal study use approach identify gene gene network associated milk cmp composition montbéliarde breed result milk cheese_yield coagulation trait milk content protein fatty_acid mineral citrate lactose predicted mir spectrum phenotype primiparous montbéliarde_cow record_cow adjusted effect averaged per cow genotype available subset cow imputed_sequence level using bull genome project comprising animal the individual effect million variant evaluated association study_gwas led detection qtl region highly_significant effect cmp milk composition the result gwas subjected association weight matrix partial_correlation information theory approach identified set gene among casein paep together dozen gene alpl gpt scd fasn ankh explained_phenotypic variance cmp trait able_identify metabolic_pathway phosphate phospholipid metabolism inorganic anion transport key regulator gene ppara functionally linked milk composition conclusion using approach integrated gwas network pathway analysis sequence level propose candidate variant explain substantial_proportion phenotypic_variance cmp trait could thus included genomic_evaluation model improve milk cmp montbéliarde_cow', 'equine_osteochondrosis frequent developmental_orthopaedic disease high economic_impact equine_industry may_lead premature retirement animal result chronic pain lameness the genetic background includes different gene affecting several location however genetic association tested one population lacking validation others the_aim study identify genetic determinant spanish_purebred horse breed for_purpose used candidate_gene approach study association locus previously implicated onset development breed different location using radiographic_data individual_belonging spanish_purebred horse breed polymorphism analysed three single_nucleotide polymorphism snp located gene found associated different location lesion these data contribute insight_complex gene network underlying multifactorial disease associated snp could_used selection_strategy improve horse health_welfare competitive lifespan', 'background number functional_teat important trait commercial swine production litter_size increase number_teat must also increase supply nutrition piglet therefore association analysis conducted_identify genomic_region affect trait commercial swine population genotypic_data illumina_porcine beadchip available animal total teat_number ttn record subset animal number_teat side recorded from information following trait derived number_teat left ltn right side rtn maximum number_teat side max difference ltn_rtn absolute value dif bayes option_gensel version window implemented identified region explained genomic variation tested larger group animal estimate additive_genetic effect result marker heritabilities highest ttn intermediate individual side count virtually nil difference trait dif each copy vrtn mutant_allele increased teat_count ttn ltn_rtn max window detected explained genomic variation ttn ltn_rtn max respectively these region cumulatively accounted genomic variation ltn_rtn max ttn sus_scrofa chromosome associated four count trait associated three count trait snp accounted nearly additive_genetic variation validation_dataset effect piglet sex percentage male litter detected birth_weight positively correlated ttn conclusion teat_number heritable trait use genetic marker would expedite selection progress exploiting genetic_variation associated teat_count side would enhance selection focused total teat_count these_result confirm qtl seven ten identify novel qtl', 'cheese_production consumption increasing many_country worldwide result interest increased strategy genetic selection individual technological trait milk related cheese_yield dairy_cattle breeding however_little known genetic background cow ability produce cheese recently relatively large panel cow different measure individual cow milk nutrient energy recovery cheese rec became available genetic analysis showed considerable_variation aptitude retain high proportion fat protein water coagulum for dairy_industry characteristic major economic_importance nevertheless use knowledge dairy breeding hampered high cost intense labor requirement lack appropriate technology however era genomics new possibility available animal breeding genetic_improvement for_example identification genomic_region involved cow might provide potential selection the_objective study perform_association study different rec measure milk dna_sample italian_brown swiss_cow used three trait expressing weight fresh curd cycurd curd solid cysolids curd moisture cywater percentage weight milk processed rec recfat recprotein recsolids recenergy calculated ratio nutrient curd corresponding nutrient processed milk analyzed animal genotyped_illumina bead_chip single marker regression fitted using_genabel package association using_mixed model control total significant association single_nucleotide polymorphism identified chromosome for recfat recprotein high significance peak identified bos_taurus autosome_bta respectively marker mbp highly associated recprotein mbp closely located casein gene recfat genomic_region identified may enhance selection bovine cheese breeding beyond use protein_casein fat_content whereas new knowledge help unravel genomic background cow ability cheese_production', 'the_objective study presented research communication investigate association single_nucleotide polymorphism present gene different milk trait dairy_cow based previous qtl fine_mapping result bovine_chromosome gene selected candidate_gene evaluate effect somatic_cell count milk trait chineseholstein cow milk_production trait including milk_yield fat_percentage protein_percentage cow collected using lactation record association genotype different trait somatic_cell score_sc performed_using general_linear regression_model two snp exon genotype snp found significantly_higher somatic sc found significant effect exon protein_percentage milk_yield sc identified snp different location gene cattle several significantly_associated somatic_cell score different milk trait thus gene could_useful candidate_gene selection dairy_cattle mastitis identified polymorphism might potentially strong genetic marker', 'many genetic marker related health production trait evaluated population independent discovery population related phenotype here evaluated single_nucleotide polymorphism snp candidate_gene previously associated genetic_merit fertility production trait association phenotypic measurement fertility population holstein_cow selected based predicted_transmitting ability_pta daughter_pregnancy rate_dpr high_low cow high pta_dpr higher pregnancy_rate first_service fewer service_per conception fewer day_open cow low pta_dpr snp associated pregnancy_rate first_service service_per conception day_open single_nucleotide polymorphism gene cast fyb ibsp ocln pccb significant association fertility trait snp gene significant association trait result experiment compared result earlier study snp associated genetic estimate fertility one study involved animal used study independent population bull total snp associated phenotypic estimate fertility directionally associated genetic estimate fertility cow population moreover snp associated reproductive phenotype directionally associated genetic estimate fertility bull population nine snp located bcas cast ocln pccb directional association fertility study examination function gene snp associated reproduction one study indicates importance steroid hormone immune_function determinant reproductive function all evaluated snp variable breed besides holstein indicating_potential effect snp reproductive function across breed cattle', 'previous_study indicated leptin gene polymorphism associated economically_important trait cattle breed however polymorphism leptin gene reported thus far japanese_black cattle here aimed_identify leptin gene polymorphism associated carcass trait fatty_acid composition japanese_black cattle sequenced coding_sequence leptin gene eight japanese_black cattle sequence comparison revealed eight single_nucleotide polymorphism snp three predicted cause_amino acid substitution then genotyped snp two population animal animal investigated effect trait excluded statistical_analysis minor_allele frequency low association analysis_revealed significant effect dressed carcass_weight significant effect respectively significant effect monounsaturated_fatty acid saturated_fatty acid the result suggested snp could_used effective marker improvement japanese_black cattle', 'association study_gwas performed identify marker candidate_gene five semen trait holstein_bull population china the analyzed dataset consisted record bull eight bull station bull genotyped using_illumina beadchip association test trait informative snp achieved gapit software total suggestive significant snp partly located_within reported qtl region within close reported candidate_gene associated five semen trait detected combining gwas result biological_function gene eight novel_promising candidate_gene including pdgfrb identified potentially relate semen trait our_finding may provide_basis research genetic_mechanism semen trait selection trait holstein_bull', 'fatty_acid composition associated meat_quality pig well trait human liver_muscle important tissue fatty_acid metabolism study evaluated correlation liver_muscle transcriptomes fatty_acid composition trait muscle abdominal_fat tissue pig white_duroc erhualian_pig resource_population transcript significantly_correlated fatty_acid composition trait enriched gene involved category triglyceride catabolic process mitochondrial function hematological immune_system disease type diabetes gene network analysis identified liver network module relevant fatty_acid unsaturation index enriched platelet activation type interferon signaling_pathway highlighted connection variation fatty_acid composition gene involved hematological immune_system integrative analysis expression qtl identified scd plausible_candidate gene underlying locus muscle value chromosome locus muscle content chromosome respectively', 'background polymorphism underlying_complex trait often explain small part le phenotypic_variance this make identification mutation underling complex trait difficult usually subset locus identified one approach identify locus increase sample_size experiment propose alternative the_aim paper use secondary phenotype genetically simple trait qtl discovery phase complex trait demonstrate approach dairy_cattle data_set complex trait milk_production phenotype fat milk_protein yield fat protein_percentage milk measured thousand individual secondary potentially genetically simpler trait detailed milk composition trait measurement individual protein abundance mineral sugar concentration gene expression result quantitative_trait locus qtl identified using holstein_cattle milk_production record_cow milk composition trait there eight region contained qtl milk_production composition trait including four novel region one region affected milk_yield phosphorous concentration milk the qtl interval included gene phosphorous antiporter the significant imputed_sequence variant region explained milk_yield phosphorus concentration since polymorphism association mapping gene expression performed_using high depth mammary rnaseq data separate group lactating_cow this confirmed strong eqtl peak association imputed_sequence variant significant phosphorus concentration fitting variant covariables association analysis removed qtl signal milk_production trait plausible causative_mutation casein complex region also identified using similar strategy conclusion milk_production trait dairy_cow typical complex trait polymorphism explain small portion phenotypic_variance however show mutation larger effect secondary trait concentration mineral protein sugar milk expression_level gene mammary tissue these larger effect used successfully map variant milk_production trait genetically simple trait also provide direct biological link possible causal_mutation effect mutation milk_production', 'objective estimate effect single_nucleotide polymorphism intramuscular_fat content_imf hungarian simmental bull method genotype determined illumina_bovine dna chip_after slaughtering animal chemical percentage intramuscular_fat determined longissimus_dorsi muscle applied statistical_analysis result analysis_revealed four locus highly associated imf located chromosome respectively the frequency minor_allele conclusion the locus useful_selection program give possibility assist selection molecular tool', 'background the significant social economic_loss result bovine_tuberculosis btb present continuous challenge cattle industry_worldwide however host genetic_variation cattle susceptibility_btb provides opportunity select resistant_animal understand_genetic mechanism_underlying disease dynamic method the present_study identified genomic_region associated susceptibility_btb using association_gwa regional_heritability mapping_rhm chromosome association approach phenotype comprised estimated_breeding value sire pertained three btb indicator trait positive reactor_skin test positive examination result phenotype positive reactor_skin test regardless examination result phenotype iii plus inconclusive reactor_skin test positive examination result phenotype genotype based snp dna array available total snp remained per animal quality_control result the estimated polygenic heritability susceptibility_btb phenotype respectively gwa_analysis identified putative snp bos_taurus autosome_bta associated phenotype another bta associated phenotype genomic_region encompassing snp found harbour potentially relevant annotated gene rhm confirmed effect genomic_region identified new region bta phenotype bta phenotype heritabilities genomic_region ranged across three phenotype chromosome association analysis_indicated major role bta susceptibility_btb conclusion genomic_region candidate_gene identified present_study provide opportunity understand pathway critical cattle susceptibility_btb enhance genetic_improvement programme aiming controlling eradicating disease', 'skeletal problem layer chicken gaining attention due animal_welfare economic_loss egg industry the genetic_improvement bone trait proposed potential solution issue however genetic_architecture well understood conducted association study_gwas bone quality using sample hen genotyped chicken genotyping_array using linear_mixed model approach novel locus close associated femur bone_mineral density_bmd uncovered study addition nine snp gene associated bone quality three gene rankl adamts sost known associated osteoporosis human make good_candidate gene osteoporosis chicken genomic partitioning analysis support fact common variant contribute variation bone quality identified several strong candidate_gene genomic_region associated bone trait measured cage layer accounted_phenotypic variance these snp could provide relevant information help_elucidate gene affect bone quality chicken', 'the receptor coded gene play_important role_mediating metabolic effect especially lipolysis insulin resistance energy_balance this_study investigated expression_level three gene different tissue qinchuan_cattle polymerase_chain reaction expressed level rna gene generally much_higher expression_level highest subcutaneous_fat lower muscle whereas expression higher muscle tissue eight single_nucleotide polymorphism snp discovered qinchuan_cattle dna_sequencing containing three missense_mutation four synonymous_mutation well one mutation region interestingly five located region predicted contain multiple repeat nucleotide cpg island association analysis showed relationship snp combined haplotype carcass trait qinchuan_cattle this_study association analysis suggests polymorphism gene might_useful selection beef_cattle breeding', 'understand_genetic structure associated insulin in thyroid_hormone including triiodothyronine thyroxine chinese_holstein cow conducted association study_gwas thyroid_hormone insulin cow conducted gwas analysis chinese_holstein cow raised southern china found significant single_nucleotide polymorphism snp study snp associated in snp associated snp associated study_gwas method used preliminary screening related gene trait due insufficient relevant literature functional analysis gene could based human study observed dgkb bos_taurus chromosome bta strongly_associated insulin secretion found gene significantly_correlated trait another significant snp located gene confirmed affected thyroid_hormone', 'porcine reproductive_respiratory syndrome_virus prrsv economically_important pathogen continues threaten swine_industry sustainability the complexity high genetic_diversity prrsv prevented vaccine conferring adequate protection disease outbreak association analysis prrsv experimentally_infected pig representing two genetic line revealed two major genomic_region accounting genetic_variation antibody_level serum lung the major region serum antibody mapped near slaii complex also implicated susceptibility swine viral pathogen haplotype substitution analysis uncovered potential haplotype associated divergent effect novel major region lung antibody mapped proximal_end top snp overlapping two gene sequencing uncovered polymorphism within coding_region may_play role_regulating antibody production lung tissue following prrsv_infection these data implicate novel host genomic_region influence immune_response well common region potentially_involved susceptibility multiple viral pathogen', 'nuclear_receptor lcorl encodes transcription_factor polymorphism associated measure skeletal_frame size adult_height several specie recently single_nucleotide polymorphism snp located_upstream lcorl identified genetic diagnostic marker associated withers_height thoroughbred study genotyped evaluate association genotype body_composition trait including body_weight withers_height ratio body_weight withers_height chest_circumference cannon circumference withers_height cannon circumference significantly_associated lcorl genotype throughout almost entire training period male_female animal genotype higher withers_height maximum difference male_female respectively cannon circumstance maximum difference male_female respectively compared animal genotype these_result suggested regulation lcorl expression influence skeletal_frame size thoroughbred thus indirectly affect body_weight although lcorl would_useful selective_breeding thoroughbred production genetically modified animal gene doping based genetic information prohibited order maintain racing integrity', 'domestication animal associated numerous alteration physiology morphology behavior lower reactivity hpa_axis reduced fearfulness seen studied domesticates including chicken previously shown physiological stress_response well expression_level hundred gene hypothalamus_adrenal gland different domesticated_white leghorn progenitor modern chicken red_junglefowl map genetic locus associated transcription level gene involved physiological stress_response conducted eqtl analysis generation white_leghorn red_junglefowl selected gene study based known_function regulation hpa_axis sympathoadrenal system measured expression_level hypothalamus_adrenal gland brief stress exposure physical restraint the expression value treated quantitative_trait eqtl mapping the plasma level corticosterone also assessed analyzed correlation gene expression corticosterone_level mapped eqtl potential effect corticosterone_level the effect gene transcription previously found qtl corticosterone response also investigated the expression_level glucocorticoid receptor hypothalamus several gene adrenal_gland correlated level corticosterone plasma found several eqtl gene hypothalamus_adrenal hypothalamus one eqtl one qtl expression found adrenal tissue identified eqtl gene dbh maoa none found eqtl significant predictor corticosterone_level the previously found qtl corticosterone associated expression hypothalamus our data suggests domestication related modification stress_response driven change transcription level several modulators hpa system hypothalamus_adrenal gland change expression steroidogenic gene the presence eqtl hypothalamus combined negative_correlation expression corticosterone response suggests candidate functional study regarding modification stress_response chicken domestication', 'fillet yield trait rainbow_trout aquaculture affect production efficiency despite received little attention breeding_program difficult_measure large number fish directly measured breeding candidate the recent development snp_array rainbow_trout provided needed tool studying underlying genetic_architecture trait association study_gwas conducted body_weight month carcass_weight car fillet weight pedigreed rainbow_trout population selectively bred improved growth performance the gwas analysis performed_using weighted_gblup method wssgwas phenotypic_record fish harvest family three successive generation fish family genotyped used gwas analysis total polymorphic snp analyzed univariate model hatch year harvest group fixed_effect harvest weight continuous covariate animal common environment random effect new linkage_map developed create window_adjacent snp use gwas the two window largest_effect located chromosome explained genetic_variance thus suggesting_polygenic architecture affected multiple locus small effect population one window_explained genetic_variance respectively three window located window detected explained respectively genetic_variance car among detected snp located directly gene intron_exon nucleotide sequence intragenic snp blasted mu musculus genome create putative gene network the network suggests difference ability maintain proliferative renewable population myogenic precursor cell may affect variation growth fillet yield rainbow_trout', 'objective average_daily gain_adg important target trait pig breeding_program aimed_identify single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genomic_region associated adg duroc_pig population method performed association study involving duroc_boar using beadchip two linear_model result after_quality control detected snp included seven snp significantly_associated adg pig identified six quantitative_trait locus qtl region adg these qtls included four previously_reported qtls sus_scrofa chromosome_ssc well two novel qtls addition selected six candidate_gene general transcription_factor polypeptide high_mobility group nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase oligodendrocyte transcription_factor pleckstrin homology rhogef domain_containing associated adg basis physiological role positional information these candidate_gene involved skeletal_muscle cell_differentiation obesity nervous_system development conclusion_this study contributes identification casual mutation underlies qtls associated adg future pig breeding_program based selection further study_needed elucidate role identified candidate_gene physiological process_involved adg regulation', 'background large_amount fat_deposition often lead loss reproductive_efficiency human animal used broiler chicken model specie conduct selection abdominal_fat generation resulted lean_fat line direct selection abdominal_fat content also indirectly resulted significant difference testis weight tew tew percentage total body_weight tep lean_fat line result total individual generation genotyped association study revealed two region chicken chromosome associated tew tep forty individual line profiled focusing two chromosomal_region identify candidate_gene function may potentially related testis growth development nine candidate_gene identified database mining significant association confirmed one gene based mrna_expression analysis gene expression analysis gene conducted across individual individual line result confirmed finding animal conclusion_this study revealed gene related testis growth development male broiler this finding useful guide future study understand_genetic mechanism_underlie reproductive_efficiency', 'objective the study_designed perform_association gwa partitioning genome using_illumina beadchip order_identify variant determine explained heritability total number_teat yorkshire_pig method after screening following criterion minor_allele frequency equilibrium genomic relationship_matrix produced using single_nucleotide polymorphism snp mixed_linear association analysis mlma conducted and estimating explained heritability snp genetic relatedness estimation maximum_likelihood approach used study result the mlma analysis false_discovery rate identified three significant snp two different chromosome total number_teat besides estimated variance could explained common snp autosomal_chromosome trait the maximum amount heritability obtained partitioning genome respectively explained amount estimated heritability along snp identified association study empirical value significance_level study interestingly found nearby quantitative_trait locus qtl teat_number trait identified recent study moreover significant snp found within close qtls related ovary weight total number_born alive age_puberty pig conclusion the snp identified unquestionably represent important qtl region well gene interest genome various physiological_function responsible reproduction pig', 'immunity cmi cause intracellular destruction antigen elimination host cell make animal resistant exogenous antigen cancer study association study_gwas carried identify_genomic region associated cmi chicken using chicken single_nucleotide polymorphism snp_array genomic relationship taken account adjust population structure order account multiple_testing false_discovery rate controlled level moreover comparison power fixed mixed_linear model based genomic inflation factor carried mixed_linear model_mlm better inflation rate therefore result mlm used subsequent analysis three significantly_associated snp fdr chromosome linkage_group three suggestively_associated snp fdr chromosome identified pathway analysis showed two biological_pathway related immune_response strongly_associated candidate_gene surrounding identified snp influence mostly antigen processing presentation cellular structure', 'background ketosis_dairy cattle shown cause high morbidity farm substantial financial loss dairy farmer ketosis symptom however difficult identify therefore amount ketone body mainly acid bhb used indicator subclinical_ketosis cow also shown milk_bhb concentration strong correlation ketosis_dairy cattle spectroscopy mir recently became fast cheap method analyzing milk component the_aim study perform_association study_gwas milk_bhb identify_genomic region gene pathway potentially affecting subclinical_ketosis north_american holstein_dairy cattle result several significant region identified associated milk_bhb concentration indicator subclinical_ketosis first lactation second later lactation holstein_dairy cow the strongest_association located several snp identified region variant reported previously associated susceptibility_ketosis clinical_mastitis jersey holstein_dairy cattle respectively one highly_significant snp found within gene known_function fat metabolism_inflammatory response dairy_cattle region three snp found overlap however novel region also identified reported previous association study enrichment_analysis list candidate_gene within identified region milk_bhb concentration yielded molecular function biological_process may involved_inflammatory response lipid_metabolism dairy_cattle conclusion the result study confirmed several snp gene identified previous_study associated ketosis susceptibility immune_response also found novel region used analysis identify_causal variation key regulatory gene affect subclinical_ketosis', 'ascites disease commonly observed fast growing broiler initiated body insufficiently oxygenated series event follow including increase pulmonary artery pressure right ventricle hypertrophy accumulation fluid abdominal cavity pericardium advance management practice along improved selection_program decreased ascites incidence modern broiler however ascites syndrome remains economically_important disease throughout world causing estimated loss million per_year study illumina snp beadchip used_perform series genome_wide association study_gwas generation relaxed rel line descended commercial elite broiler_line beginning region significantly_associated ascites incidence identified chromosome around megabase pair mbp chromosome around mbp five candidate single_nucleotide polymorphism snp evaluated indicator region order_identify association ascites right ventricle total ventricle weight rvtv ratio chromosome snp showed association rvtv ratio male phenotyped ascites resistant ascites susceptible respectively the chromosome region also indicates association resistant female rvtv value region significance identified chromosome described study used proposed candidate region investigation genetics ascites this information lead_better understanding_underlying genetics gene network contributing ascites thus advance ascites reduction commercial breeding_scheme', 'intense selection production trait improved genetic gain important economic trait however selection performance carcass trait led onset locomotors problem decreasing bone_strength broiler thus gene associated bone integrity trait become candidate genetic study order_reduce impact bone disorder broiler this_study investigated association gene trait related performance carcass_composition organ bone integrity paternal broiler_line analysis genetic association polymorphism snp trait carried_using maximum_likelihood procedure mixed_model genetic association found snp gene chilled femur weight additive plus dominance_deviation effect within sex performance trait additive within sex additive_effect the snp gene presented genetic association additive plus dominance_deviation effect within sex performance trait suggestive genetic association found abdominal_fat yield selection based snp could_used improve performance carcass quality trait population studied although snp equilibrium undergoing selection process furthermore important validate marker unrelated population use_selection process', 'reproductive trait long studied important influence chicken breeding identify_quantitative trait locus affecting reproductive trait analysis chinese chicken breed performed analyze age_first egg body_weight first_egg first_egg weight egg_weight age_day egg_weight age_day egg number age_day egg number age_day egg number age_day nineteen snp related reproductive trait presented nine snp significant effect bwf six snp significantly_associated egg_weight four snp significantly_associated egg number these snp located_near gene including htt cbfb the present result may beneficial reproductive research may used selection future study these_result could_potentially benefit breeding_program especially jinghai_yellow chicken', 'study genetic_parameter nine growth_carcass meat_quality trait estimated targeted association study conducted using_mixed model phenotypic information collected lamb including purebred merinoland animal five different cross the lamb produced_mating ram breed charollais ile france german blackheaded mutton deutsches schwarzköpfiges fleischschaf suffolk_texel ewe between four six sire used per sire breed total sire purebred sheep genotyped_illumina beadchip all individual genotyped snp located chromosome these snp used impute snp five chromosome illumina_ovine chip individual several significant association identified shoulder width number additional significant association found trait genetic_parameter estimated association analysis performed effect moderate_heritability estimate found average_daily gain kidney fat weight carcass length_shoulder width subcutaneous_fat thickness cutlet area while heritability cooking_loss found low shear_force dressing_percentage showed_moderate heritability thus might candidate trait included selection index population general low phenotypic low_moderate genetic_correlation detected trait', 'the density_contour feather important trait closely_related heat dissipation bird thus identification major gene control trait useful improve heat_tolerance chicken far gwas study density_contour feather bird previously_published therefore study_aimed identify_genomic region controlling density_contour feather total hen genotyped using affymetrix_axiom chicken genotyping_array the association analysis performed_using genabel_package program brief significant snp marker mainly located chromosome identified associate density_contour feather current gwas analysis moreover identified several candidate_gene mlnr either directly indirectly involved genetic control density_contour feather chicken this_study laid foundation studying mechanism underlies density chicken feather furthermore feasible shear back_feather live chicken measure density feather improve heat_tolerance breeding_practice', 'infectious_pancreatic necrosis ipn viral disease considerable negative_impact rainbow_trout oncorhynchus_mykiss aquaculture_industry the_aim present_work detect genomic_region explain resistance infectious_pancreatic necrosis virus ipnv rainbow_trout total fish family challenged ipnv individual genotyped resistant_susceptible using snp panel axiom affymetrix association study_gwas performed_using phenotype time death binary survival along genotype challenged fish using_bayesian model bayes heritabilities resistance_ipnv estimated using genomic information respectively the bayesian gwas detected snp located chromosome explaining genetic_variance the proximity protease snp make candidate_gene resistance_ipnv case snp located chromosome detected explaining genetic_variance however proportion_variance explained detected marker lead conclusion incorporation genomic information genomic_selection would appropriate approach accelerate genetic_progress improvement resistance_ipnv rainbow_trout', 'background columnaris disease emerging problem rainbow_trout aquaculture_industry the_objective study identify common genomic_region explain large_proportion additive_genetic variance resistance two rainbow_trout oncorhynchus_mykiss population estimate gain prediction_accuracy genomic information used evaluate genetic potential survival columnaris infection population method two aquaculture population investigated national center cool cold_water aquaculture ncccwa line troutlodge may tlum nucleus breeding population fish survived day challenge recorded resistant single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genotype available fish ncccwa tlum respectively snp effect variance estimated using weighted genomic_best linear_unbiased prediction_blup association genomic_region explained_additive genetic_variance considered associated resistance predictive_ability calculated fivefold scheme using linear_regression method result validation adjusted phenotype provided prediction_accuracy close zero due binary nature trait using breeding_value computed complete data benchmark improved prediction_accuracy genomic model compared blup fourteen window located six chromosome associated resistance ncccwa population two window chromosome omy jointly explained_additive genetic_variance window located chromosome associated resistance tlum population only four associated genomic_region overlapped quantitative_trait locus qtl population conclusion_our result_suggest selection resistance rainbow_trout greater potential selection target genomic_region found associated resistance due polygenic architecture trait qtl associated resistance sufficiently informative selection decision across population', 'background impaired fertility cattle limit efficiency livestock production_system unraveling genetic_architecture fertility trait would facilitate improvement selection study characterized snp_chip haplotype qtl block used sequencing fine_map genomic_region associated reproduction population nellore bos_indicus heifer method the dataset comprised heifer genotyped using genomic_profiler panel snp representing daughter_sire after performing marker quality_control snp retained haplotype carried sire six previously identified qtl btas heifer pregnancy btas antral follicle count constructed using findhap software the significance contrast effect every two haplotype allele used identify sire_heterozygous qtl sequencing data localized haplotype six sire ancestor used identify sequence_variant concordant haplotype contrast enrichment_analysis applied variant using kegg mesh library result total six bta six bta five bta sire_heterozygous heifer pregnancy qtl whereas six bta fourteen bta five bta sire_heterozygous number antral follicle qtl due inadequate representation many haplotype allele sequenced animal fine_mapping analysis could reliably performed qtl bta concordant candidate sequence_variant respectively the kegg circadian rhythm neurotrophin signaling_pathway significantly_associated gene qtl bta whereas mesh term associated qtl bta among concordant sequence_variant classified missense variant btas respectively highlighting gene rtmb mirna prkdc the potential_causal mutation found present_study associated biological_process oocyte maturation embryo development placenta development response reproductive_hormone conclusion the identification heterozygous sire positionally phasing snp_chip data contrasting haplotype effect previously detected qtl used fine_mapping identify potential_causal mutation candidate_gene genomic variant gene rtbc mirna prkdc known influence reproductive biological_process detected', 'elucidating genetic_basis trait major_goal molecular ecology trait subject sexual selection particularly interesting mate choice deplete genetic_variation thereby evolutionary benefit examined genetic_basis three sexually selected morphometric trait bighorn sheep_ovis canadensis horn_length horn base circumference body mass these trait specific concern bighorn sheep artificial_selection trophy hunting opposes sexual selection specifically horn size determines trophy status north_american jurisdiction individual legally harvested using phenotypic measure study ram mountain alberta canada first showed three trait heritable conducted association study_gwas utilizing set snp typed individual using ovine snp beadchip found suggestive association body mass single locus the absence strong association snp suggests trait likely polygenic these_result represent step_forward characterizing genetic_architecture fitness related trait sexually dimorphic ungulate', 'gastrointestinal_nematode infection constraint sheep production worldwide selective_breeding programme enhance resistance_nematode infection currently implemented number country identification locus associated resistance infection causative_mutation resistance would enable effective selection locus associated indicator trait nematode_resistance identified previous_study study scottish_blackface texel suffolk lamb used validate effect eight genomic_region previously associated nematode_resistance snp significantly_associated nematode_resistance level seven snp three region nominally_associated trichostrongyle egg_count study six also significant fitted single snp effect nematodirus egg_count nominally_associated snp', 'two highly_pathogenic avian_influenza hpai outbreak affected commercial egg_production flock american continent recent_year outbreak mexico caused mortality outbreak united_state mortality blood_sample obtained survivor outbreak age genetics matched control total individual survivor control genotyped single_nucleotide polymorphism snp_array detect genomic_region influenced outcome highly_pathogenic influenza infection two outbreak total high quality segregating snp identified across sample genetic difference survivor control analyzed using logistic model mixed_model bayesian_variable selection approach several genomic_region potentially associated resistance hpai identified performing multidimensional scaling adjustment multiple_testing analysis conducted within outbreak identified different genomic_region resistance two virus strain the strongest_signal iowa survivor sample detected chromosome positional_candidate gene mainly coding plasma_membrane protein receptor activity also involved immune_response three region strongest_signal mexico sample located chromosome neuronal cell_surface signal transduction immune_response protein coding gene located_close proximity region', 'background reproductive_performance livestock economically_important aspect global food production the chinese_meishan pig prolific breed average three five piglet_per litter european breed however genetic_basis difference well understood result study investigated copy_number variation cnvs meishan pig duroc_pig sequencing analysis pig revealed copy_number variable region cnvrs divided three category based copy_number whole population gain loss cnvrs compared meishan duroc_pig identified cnvrs existing meishan pig cnvrs_overlapped gene_encoding aryl hydrocarbon receptor ahr gene found normal ahr frequent loss four different pig breed association analysis showed ahr positive effect litter_size higher associated higher total number_born number_born alive number weaned_piglet birth_weight conclusion the present_study provides comprehensive cnvrs meishan duroc_pig population resequencing our_result provide supplement map copy_number variation porcine genome valuable_information investigation genomic structural variation underlying trait interest pig addition association result_provide evidence ahr candidate_gene associated reproductive trait used genetic marker pig breeding_program', 'bone_fracture egg_laying hen growing welfare_economic concern industry although environmental_condition management especially nutrition exacerbate primary cause bone weakness resulting fracture believed genetic_basis test_hypothesis performed association study identify locus associated bone_strength laying_hen genotype phenotype data obtained laying_hen belonging pure_line population these hen genotyped snp snp remaining quality_control each snp tested association tibial_breaking strength using score test association total snp across chromosome significantly_associated tibial_breaking strength significance_threshold set corrected value based local linkage_disequilibrium around significant snp distinct novel qtls identified chromosome qtls qtl qtl qtl the strongest_association detected within qtl region chromosome significant snp corrected value number candidate_gene identified within qtl region including gene required normal bone physiology pathway involving gene also identified including chloride channel activity regulates bone reabsorption intermediate filament organization play_role regulation bone mass our_result support_previous study suggest bone_strength highly regulated genetics therefore possible reduce bone_fracture laying_hen genetic selection ultimately improve hen welfare', 'order_identify locus associated metabolic trait association study carried chicken population derived reciprocal_cross iranian urmia indigenous_chicken arian broiler_line using_illumina chicken single_nucleotide polymorphism snp beadchip six trait including plasma level triglyceride tgs cholesterol chol glucose glu total protein albumin alb globulin glo recorded the association identified snp metabolic trait estimated general_linear model glm compressed_mixed linear_model cmlm total snp identified significant suggestive level snp reached bonferroni significance alb glo cmlm snp significantly_associated chol glu alb glo glm gene_ontology showed snp located_within near candidate_gene responsible metabolic trait conclusion identified candidate_gene provided novel information molecular_mechanism underlying metabolic trait these_finding important selection chicken breeding_scheme', 'traditional genetic analysis quantitative_trait locus qtl association study_gwas used understand relationship egg trait chicken even_though technique detect potential gene major effect reveal cryptic causal relationship_among qtls phenotype thus better_understand relationship involving multiple gene phenotype interest data analysis technique must used here utilized dependency graph qdg mapping approach joint_analysis chicken egg trait functional relationship potential_causal effect could investigated the qdg mapping identified total qtls affecting egg trait formed three independent network phenotypic trait group eggshell color egg_production size weight egg component clearly distinguishing direct_indirect effect qtls towards correlated trait for_example network size weight egg component contained qtls trait densely connected this indicates complex relationship genotype phenotype involving direct_indirect effect qtls studied trait most qtls commonly identified traditional mapping qdg approach the network analysis however offer additional insight regarding source characterization pleiotropy affecting egg trait qdg analysis provides substantial step_forward revealing cryptic relationship_among qtls phenotype especially regarding direct_indirect qtl effect well potential_causal relationship trait used example optimize management practice breeding_strategy improvement trait', 'participatory program applied commercial awassi sheep_flock jordan this_study aimed ass influence prolactin_prl kappa casein gene genotype interaction milk_production composition trait genotyped awassi ewe via polymerase_chain reaction_pcr followed sequencing allele_frequency two variant prl association found among polymorphic genotype milk_production trait however ewe prl genotype showed higher milk_production associated lowest fat high solid fat snf protein_lactose associated highest milk density prl polymorphic genotype differentially associated milk_production component trait furthermore prl interaction showed highest milk_production fat prl recorded highest snf protein_lactose milk density prl highest fat snf the enhancing effect gene interaction incorporated awassi breeding_program improve milk_production composition', 'compromised eggshell_quality cause considerable_economic loss egg industry breeding improved eggshell_quality challenging eggshell_quality trait would greatly benefit selection would_allow selection sire direct contribution trait would also allow implementation measurement integrating number shell parameter difficult_measure study selected promising autosomal quantitative_trait locus qtl affecting eggshell_quality chromosome earlier experiment extended population include female the study repeated two commercial population lohmann tierzucht rhode_island red line female white_plymouth rock line progeny_tested male analyzed selected autosomal qtl region three population snp marker_density qtl eggshell_quality replicated studied region population new qtl detected eggshell color chromosome marker association eggshell_quality trait validated tested commercial_line chromosome thus paving way selection improved eggshell_quality', 'identified holstein sire named tarantino approved artificial_insemination based normal semen characteristic morphology thermoresistance motility_sperm concentration progeny first_insemination resulting rate nrdev using whole_genome association analysis next_generation sequencing associated nonsense variant gene bovine_chromosome identified the frequency mutant_allele german_holstein population determined investigated cattle specimen the mutant_allele traced_back whirlhill kingpin bornfeb potential founder the expression detected western blotting immunohistochemistry testis epididymis control bull lipidome comparison plasma_membrane fresh semen carrier control showed_significant difference concentration phosphatidylcholine diacylglycerol dag ceramide cer sphingomyelin phosphatidylcholine indicating play_role lipid_biosynthesis the altered lipid content may explain reduced fertilization ability mutated sperm', 'background this_study aimed identifying genomic_region underlie genetic_variation worm_egg count indicator trait parasite_resistance large population australian sheep genotyped ovine single_nucleotide polymorphism array this_study included sheep different location across australia underwent field challenge mixed gastrointestinal_parasite specie faecal_sample collected worm_egg count three strongyle specie teladorsagia_circumcincta haemonchus_contortus trichostrongylus_colubriformis determined data analysed using association study_gwas regional_heritability mapping_rhm result both rhm gwas detected region ovis_aries oar chromosome highly significantly_associated parasite_resistance false_discovery rate rhm revealed additional significant region pathway analysis_revealed gene within significant region ibsp various role innate acquired immune_response mechanism well cytokine_signalling other gene involved haemostasis regulation mucosal defence also detected important protection sheep invading parasite conclusion_this study identified significant genomic_region associated parasite_resistance sheep rhm powerful detecting region affect parasite_resistance gwas our_result support_hypothesis parasite_resistance complex trait determined large number gene small effect rather major gene large effect', 'objective the uncoupling_protein member mitochondrial anion carrier superfamily crucial effect growth feed_efficiency many_specie therefore_objective present_study examine association polymorphism gene feed_efficiency chicken method six single_nucleotide polymorphism snp gene chosen genotyped using laser_mass spectrometry chicken population bird total body_weight day_age feed_intake interval collected body_weight gain_bwg feed_conversion ratio_fcr calculated individually result one snp low_minor allele_frequency removed quality_control data filtering the result showed significantly_associated bwg_fcr significant effect bwg strongly_associated fcr_furthermore individual genotype significantly_higher bwg lower_fcr genotype the individual showed strongly higher_bwg bird bird genotype significantly greater lower_fcr compared bird addition tac haplotype based showed_significant effect fcr conclusion_our result therefore demonstrate important_role polymorphism growth feed_efficiency might used chicken breeding_program', 'outbreak highly_pathogenic avian_influenza hpai resulting mandatory euthanization million chicken one fatal history the_aim study detect gene associated survival following natural infection hpai outbreak blood_sample collected individual commercial variety white_leghorn survivor age genetics matched control variety included comparison all individual genotyped snp_array association study_gwas standard frequency test plink performed within variety whereas logistic_regression first multidimensional scaling component covariates used joined analysis variety several snp located_within region reached bonferroni threshold significance the association identified variety within genetic variety chromosome variety variety scan fst also performed window support association analysis the region highest_fst value case_control located chromosome overlapped number gene immunological function qtl connected health only region consistent analysis significant fst scan approaching significance gwas this_study confirms resistance hpai complex polygenic trait mechanism resistance may population specific further study utilizing much larger_sample size sequence_data needed detect gene responsible hpai survival', 'background skeletal damage challenge laying_hen physiological adaptation required egg_laying make susceptible osteoporosis previously showed genetic factor explain variation end lay bone quality detected quantitative_trait locus qtl large effect chicken chromosome the_aim study_combine data commercial founder white_leghorn population mapping population qtl understand function term gene expression physiology result several single_nucleotide polymorphism chromosome highly_significant association tibial_breaking strength the alternative genotype marker large effect flanked region tibial_breaking strength newton subsequent founder generation higher breaking_strength genotype associated higher breaking_strength subsequent generation cortical_bone density volume increased individual better bone genotype significantly reduced medullary bone quality the effect cortical_bone density confirmed generation accompanied increased mineral maturity cortical_bone measured infrared spectrometry evidence better collagen cortical_bone comparing transcriptome tibia individual good poor bone quality genotype indicated four gene locus one gene cystathionine beta synthase cbs higher expression genotype low bone quality the mechanism although difference cbs protein genotype difference activity enzyme plasma homocysteine concentration substrate cbs higher poor bone quality genotype conclusion validated marker predict bone_strength defined selective_breeding gene identified may suggest alternative way improve bone health addition genetic selection the identification genetic variant affect different aspect bone turnover show potential translational medicine', 'introduction the vertebral_number economically significant trait associated body_length carcass trait nuclear_receptor subfamily group member member nuclear_receptor superfamily play_important role early development embryo objective the gene considered important candidate influence vertebra number potential association gene number_lumbar vertebra trait sheep explored method study detected genetic variant gene analyzed association polymorphism lumbar number trait kazakh sheep use conformation polymorphism sscp technique detect single_nucleotide polymorphism snp gene association genotype lumbar number variation analyzed independent test result detect snp gene technique polymorphism found coding_region gene order investigate connection snp locus lumbar number trait sheep conducted test independence gene respectively association analysis_revealed significant association snp gene number_lumbar vertebra conclusion_our study indicated snp locus gene sheep possible influence number_lumbar vertebra potential applied_selective breeding sheep', 'objective internal_organ indirectly affect economic performance animal study internal_organ later layer period allow full utilization layer hen hence conducted association study_gwas identify potential quantitative_trait locus gene potentially contribute internal_organ weight method total chicken originating white_leghorn dongxiang_chicken genotyped using affymetrix single_nucleotide polymorphism snp_array conducted gwas linkage_disequilibrium analysis heritability estimated based snp information using gemma haploview gcta software result our_result displayed internal_organ weight show moderate_high heritability variance partitioned across chromosome chromosome length linear relationship liver weight gizzard_weight total highly_significant snp associated internal_organ weight mainly located gallus_gallus autosome gga six snp affected heart weight after final analysis five top snp near gene receptor general transcription_factor iif polypeptide repeat fyve domain_containing condensin_complex subunit sonic hedgehog considered candidate_gene pervasive role internal_organ weight conclusion_our finding_provide understanding_underlying genetic_architecture internal_organ beneficial selection chicken', 'objective the pituitary specific transcription gene responsible pituitary development growth_hormone expression regarded pivotal candidate_gene growth production chicken therefore aim_study investigate association polymorphism growth feed_efficiency trait yellow_chicken method present_study five single_nucleotide polymorphism snp selected genotyped_laser mass_spectrometry chicken result association analysis showed strongly_associated body_weight gain_bwg feed_intake significantly_correlated body_weight day_age bwg_feed conversion_ratio fcr snp strongly related fcr_furthermore bird genotype larger bwg genotype individual genotype significantly_higher bwg genotype fcr opposite for chicken showed strongly larger lower_fcr compared chicken additionally aca haplotype based significant effect fcr conclusion_our study thus provide crucial evidence relationship polymorphism growth feed_efficiency trait may_useful chicken breeding_program', 'genomewide_association study_gwas efficient tool_detection snp candidate_gene quantitative_trait growth_rate important trait increasing meat production sheep total baluchi sheep genotyped using_illumina ovine beadchip run gwas average_daily gain_adg kleiber ratio trait different period age sheep trait included average_daily gain_birth three month three month six month six month_nine month_nine month yearling birth six month three month_nine month three month yearling corresponding kleiber ratio respectively total snp passed filter analysed plink_software linear_mixed model two snp identified two chromosome genomewide_significance level two candidate_gene namely identified correspondingly harbouring close qtl also total snp found chromosome chromosomewide significance_level adg trait thus suggest study discover causative_variant growth trait sheep', 'footrot one important cause_lameness global sheep population characterized bacterial infection interdigital skin multifactorial disease clinical representation depends pathogen factor environmental component also individual host genetic component shown previous_study however far causative genetic variant influencing risk developing footrot identified study genotyped swiss white alpine sheep using ovine snp_chip order run comparison individual known clinical footrot status performed association study revealed significant association snp ovine_chromosome the three best associated snp marker located mpdz gene code multiple pdz domain crumb cell polarity complex component protein also known domain protein this protein possibly involved_maintaining barrier function integrity tight_junction therefore speculate individual carrying mpdz variant may differ footrot due modified horn interdigital skin integrity conclusion study_reveals mpdz might represent functional_candidate gene research needed explore role footrot affected sheep', 'pneumonia important issue sheep production leading reduced growth_rate predisposition pleurisy the_objective study identify locus associated pneumonic_lesion pleurisy new_zealand progeny test lamb the lung lamb scored presence severity pneumonic_lesion pleurisy slaughter animal genotyped using_illumina ovine infinium snp beadchip marker the heritability lung lesion score pleurisy calculated using genomic relationship_matrix association analysis conducted using emmax haplotype trend regression slaughter lamb pneumonic_lesion showing lesion half individual lobe the number lamb recorded pleurisy processing plant heritability_estimate pneumonic_lesion pleurisy score adjusted heteroscedasticity cpsa pleura respectively five polymorphism snp significantly_associated pneumonic_lesion level additional snp suggestively significant four snp significantly_associated pleurisy additional snp reaching suggestive level significance there region overlapped trait multiple snp region contained gene involved either dna damage response innate_immune response including several previously_reported association respiratory_disease both emmax htr analysis pleurisy data showed_significant peak chromosome located_downstream transcription_factor activates suppresses expression numerous gene including several gene known_function immune_system this_study identified several snp associated gene involved innate_immune response response dna damage associated pneumonic_lesion pleurisy lamb slaughter additionally identification sheep several snp within gene previously associated respiratory system cattle pig rat mouse indicates may common pathway underlie response invasion respiratory pathogen multiple specie', 'the growth_hormone receptor_ghr growth_hormone releasing hormone_receptor ghrhr growth_factor gene known modulate growth reproduction lactation trait livestock the_aim current_work investigate variation sheep ghr ghrhr gene associated milk_yield quality trait three hundred eighty dairy sarda sheep genotyped single_nucleotide polymorphism snp mapping locus record milk_yield daily fat protein_yield well fat protein_casein lactose milk_urea content somatic_cell score logarithmic bacterial count milk energy obtained the linkage_disequilibrium analysis performed ghr ghrhr polymorphic snp haplotype analysis_revealed existence haplotype_block ghr two haplotype_block including part intron upstream region clearly separated remaining block snp may recombination hotspot the latter block contiguous spanning intron_exon statistical_analysis revealed ghr polymorphism significantly_associated milk trait daily fat protein_yield fat milk_urea lactose content moreover variation associated milk_protein casein content data generated research provide_new insight allelic effect ovine ghrhr ghr gene milk_production quality trait information may_useful selection_program', 'microtia congenital deformity outer ear phenotype varying small auricle total absence anotia the genetic_basis still poorly_understood study performed sheep valle del belice sheep breed showing microtia the_aim study identify potential genomic_region involved microtia_sheep total individual microtia normal genotyped_illumina beadchip the comparison among result association study fisher exact test fst analysis_revealed single strong association signal chromosome located_within intron gene our study suggests first_time novel candidate_gene responsible microtia_sheep additional analysis based sequencing would help confirm finding allow proposal precise genetic_basis microtia_sheep', 'genomic_evaluation widely applied several specie using commercial single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genotyping_platform this_study investigated informative genomic_region efficiency genomic_prediction using two bayesian_approach bayesb bayesc two snp genotyping panel korean duroc_pig growth production record individual genotyped using two snp genotyping_platform these platform consisted snp marker respectively the deregressed_estimated breeding_value debvs derived estimated_breeding value_ebv reliability taken response_variable two bayesian_approach implemented_perform association study_gwas genomic_prediction multiple significant region day_day lean muscle_area lma lean percent pcl detected the significant snp marker located_near gene detected using accuracy_genomic prediction higher using snp panel day lma two response_variable gain accuracy bayesian_approach four growth trait genomic_prediction best derived debvs including parental information response_variable two debvs regardless genotyping_platform bayesian_method genomic_prediction accuracy korean duroc_pig breeding', 'holstein_friesian cow_training set created according disease_incidence the different datasets used investigate impact random_forest genomic_blup gblup_methodology genomic_prediction accuracy addition verification specific scenario genomic_blup applied disease trait included overall trait category claw disorder clinical_mastitis iii infertility first lactation holstein_cow kept herd subset cow genotyped snp panel response_variable scenario proof drps phenotype pcp initially sick_cow allocated testing_set healthy cow represented training_set for ongoing cow allocation scheme number sick_cow training_set increased stepwise moving sick_cow testing training_set step the size training testing_set kept constant replacing number cow testing_set randomly_selected healthy cow_training set for gblup method prediction_accuracy larger drps compared pcp for pcp response_variable largest prediction_accuracy observed disease_incidence training_set reflected disease_incidence whole population increase prediction_accuracy selected cow allocation scheme larger prediction_accuracy compared corresponding scenario gblub achieved via gblup application correlation association study snp effect importance criterion single snp moderate range considering snp chromosome specific chromosome segment identified significant snp close potential positional_candidate gene clinical_mastitis laminitis endometritis', 'equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy rln bilateral mononeuropathy unknown etiology thoroughbred previously demonstrated haplotype association height locus affect body_size rln coincident present_study performed association scan gwas rln american belgian draft_horse breed fixed risk alelle breed rln_risk associated sexually dimorphic difference height identified novel locus contributing height manner mypn yet specific locus contributes little rln_risk suggesting growth trait correlated height may underlie correlation disease controlling height identified locus contributing rln_risk specifically male these_result suggest locus gene expression play_important role altering growth trait impacting rln etiology necessarily adult_height these newly_identified gene promising target novel preventative treatment strategy', 'tuberculosis affect wide_range host specie worldwide understanding remains global challenge owing complex interaction among host genetic factor pathogen trait environmental_condition used endemic wild_boar population undergone huge increase mycobacterium bovis infection prevalence understand effect host_genetics host outcome disease dynamic host genomic variation characterized using single_nucleotide polymorphism snp_array host phenotype assessed using gross pathology mycobacterial culture two complementary association gwas analysis conducted the snp highest allelic_frequency difference outcome identified validated large dataset addition quantified expression_level closest_gene these analysis highlighted various snp closest_gene candidate host genetic susceptibility addition selection finding outline putative role demographic event shaping genomic variation natural population population crash drift may impact host genetic susceptibility time', 'bone size important trait chicken association osteoporosis layer meat production broiler here employed high_density genotyping_platform detect candidate_gene bone trait estimate narrow heritabilities ranged shank_length tibia_length the dominance heritability shank_length using linear_mixed model approach identified promising locus within ncapg chromosome associated tibia_length mass femur length area shank_length addition three locus associated bone size mass significance_threshold one region chicken chromosome harbored second region accounted_phenotypic variance located around chromosome allele_substitution predicted associated tibia_length four candidate_gene identified chromosome comprising spop ngfr gip associated tibia_length mass femur length area shank_length genome partitioning analysis_indicated variance_explained chromosome proportional length', 'objective genome_wide association study conducted_identify validate candidate_gene associated fatty_acid composition pork method total purebreed duroc_pig genotyped using bead_chip association test implemented following rapid_association using_mixed model control approach result total single_nucleotide polymorphism snp significantly_associated stearic oleic saturated_fatty acid sfa respectively genome_wide significant variant located region swine chromosome spanned top snp located_near desaturase_scd gene this gene directly involved desaturation stearic_acid oleic_acid general relationship significant snp showed high linkage_disequilibrium thus signal attributed scd_gene however understanding role gene like elongation long chain fatty located chromosomal_segment might_help understanding metabolism biosynthesis fatty_acid conclusion overall study_provides evidence validates scd_gene strong candidate_gene associated fatty_acid composition duroc_pig moreover study confirms significant snp near gene', 'artificial_selection often associated numerous change seemingly unrelated phenotypic trait the genetic_mechanism correlated phenotype probably involve pleiotropy linkage gene related phenotype dongxiang_chicken indigenous_chicken breed_china segregated significantly dermal hyperpigmentation phenotype two line chicken divergently_selected respect comb color generation the red comb line chicken produce significantly_higher number egg dark comb line chicken the_objective study explore potential mechanism involved relationship comb color egg_production among chicken based association study result identified genomic_region chromosome involving associated hyperpigmentation chicken comb further analysis selection_signature two divergent_line revealed several candidate_gene including closely located chromosome involved_development neural crest cell reproductive system the two gene known role_regulating ovarian function melanogenesis indicating pleiotropic_effect hyperpigmentation egg_production chicken association analysis egg_production confirmed pleiotropic_effect selected locus identified selection_signature the study_provides insight phenotypic evolution due genetic_variation across genome the information might_useful current breeding effort develop improved breed egg_production', 'bacterial cold_water disease bcwd cause significant mortality economic_loss salmonid aquaculture previous_study identified effect quantitative_trait locus qtl bcwd_resistance rainbow_trout oncorhynchus_mykiss however recent_availability snp_array reference genome_assembly enabled conduct_association study_gwas overcome several experimental limitation previous work current_study conducted gwas bcwd_resistance two rainbow_trout breeding population using two genotyping_platform affymetrix snp_array dna rad sequencing overall identified effect qtl explained genetic_variance one two population four qtl found population explaining substantial_proportion variance although major difference also detected two population our_result confirm bcwd_resistance controlled oligogenic inheritance effect locus number locus small effect bcwd_resistance detected difference qtl number genome location two gwas model weighted_gblup bayes highlight utility using different model uncover qtl the detected greater number qtl snp_array one population suggesting may uncover polymorphism unique informative specific population discovered', 'modern breeding_scheme livestock_specie accumulate large_amount genotype phenotype data used association study_gwas many chromosomal_region harboring effect quantitative_trait reported study underlying causative_mutation remain mostly undetected study_combine large genotype phenotype data available commercial_pig breeding_scheme three different breed duroc_landrace large_white pinpoint functional variation region porcine chromosome affecting number_teat nte our_result show refining trait definition counting number_vertebra nve_rib rib help reduce noise genetic_variation increase heritability nve_rib duroc however landrace effect qtl nte mainly affect nve_rib reflected reduced heritability rib compared nve further difference allele_frequency accuracy rib counting influence genetic_parameter correction top snp detect qtl effect nte nve_rib landrace duroc molecular level haplotype derived snp data detects core haplotype seven snp duroc sequence analysis duroc animal show two functional mutation vertnin_vrtn gene known increase number_thoracic vertebra rib reside haplotype landrace linkage_disequilibrium extends region also containing vrtn mutation here modifying locus expected cause effect additional variant found wildtype haplotype surrounding vrtn region sequenced landrace animal point toward breed specific difference expected present also across whole_genome this landrace specific haplotype contains two_missense mutation gene one expected negative effect protein function together integration largescale genotype phenotype sequence_data show exemplarily population parameter influenced underlying variation molecular level', 'the causal_mutation polledness nelore bos_taurus indicus_breed seems appeared first brazil the expression polled trait known ruled group allele taurine_breed however genetic_basis trait indicine cattle still unclear the_aim study identify_genomic region associated hornless trait commercial nelore population total animal phenotype recorded snp the weighted approach association study wssgwas used_estimate snp effect variance accounted sliding snp window centromeric_region chromosome size found associated hornless studied population total gene mapped region including taurine polled locus gene expression related horn formation described literature the functional enrichment_analysis david tool revealed receptor interaction signaling natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity osteoclast differentiation pathway significant addition run_homozygosity roh analysis identified roh island polled animal inside region identified wssgwas polledness nelore_cattle associated one region genome size chromosome several gene harbored region may act together determination phenotype fine_mapping locus responsible polled trait nelore breed identification molecular_mechanism regulating horn growth deserve investigation', 'milk_fever important metabolic_disorder affect dairy_cow around parturition associated breakdown mechanism calcium homeostasis resulting low blood calcium level hypocalcemia the main_objective study dissect_genetic basis underlying milk_fever incidence holstein_cattle data_consisted lactation incidence record_cow the analysis included scan subsequent analysis order reveal individual gene genetic_mechanism biological_pathway implicated incidence periparturient hypocalcemia the association analysis identified least eight different genomic_region explain considerable amount additive_genetic variance milk_fever incidence notably region harbor gene directly involved vitamin metabolic_pathway moreover analysis_revealed several functional term calcium ion binding calcium ion transportation cell_differentiation cell activation protein phosphorylation apoptosis protein_kinase activity among_others could implicated development periparturient hypocalcemia overall comprehensive study contributes better_understanding genetic control complex disease addition finding may_contribute development novel breeding_strategy reducing_incidence milk_fever dairy_cattle', 'this_study aimed_identify single_nucleotide polymorphism snp associated milk cholesterol chl_content via genome_wide association study_gwas milk_chl content determined gas_chromatography expressed chl fat milk gwas_performed cow snp using univariate linear_mixed model two snp significantly_associated respectively the important region chromosome bta bta respectively sd gene also known associated human plasma chl phenotype identified potential candidate_gene bovine milk_chl additional new potential candidate_gene milk_chl enrichment_analysis suggested identified candidate_gene participated signaling process key member tight_junction focal adhesion notch signaling glycerolipid metabolism_pathway furthermore identified transcription_factor ppard lxr might important regulation bovine milk_chl content the expression several positional_candidate gene correlation milk_chl content confirmed rna sequence_data mammary_gland tissue this_first gwas bovine milk_chl the identified marker candidate_gene need validation larger cohort use_selection cow desired milk_chl content', 'background_improving resistance mastitis one costliest disease dairy production become important objective dairy_cattle breeding however mastitis_resistance influenced many gene involved multiple process including response_infection inflammation healing low genetic heritability environmental variation farm management difference complicate identification link genetic variant mastitis_resistance consequently study genetics variation mastitis_resistance dairy_cattle lack agreement responsible gene result associated imputed sequencing marker nordic_holstein cattle mastitis_resistance association study_gwas next augmented marker gene associated region using gene_ontology term kyoto encyclopedia gene genome pathway analysis mammalian phenotype database confirm result analysis used gene expression data cow udder identified independent quantitative_trait locus qtl collectively explained variance breeding_value resistance clinical_mastitis using association test_statistic multiple piece independent information gene function differential_expression bacterial infection suggested putative causal gene biological relevance qtl affecting resistance dairy_cattle conclusion combining_information nearest positional gene analysis differential gene expression data identified putative causal gene candidate_gene biological evidence qtl mastitis_resistance nordic_holstein cattle the strategy applied trait', 'our previous association study identified significant snp novel_promising candidate_gene milk_fatty acid chinese_holstein among hydratase short chain hydratase coa dehydrogenase ehhadh gene located_near two snp one snp respectively play_important role fatty_acid metabolism_pathway herein validated whether two gene genetic effect milk_fatty acid trait dairy_cattle coding_region partially adjacent intron flanking sequence identified snp two exon four flanking_region six intron the snp result amino_acid replacement leucine phenylalanine change secondary structure protein association analysis showed significantly_associated three milk_fatty acid the remaining snp found significantly_associated least_one milk_fatty acid also found two haplotype_block consisting nine two snp respectively significantly_associated eight milk_fatty acid however none polymorphism observed ehhadh gene conclusion finding first indicate gene significant genetic impact unsaturated saturated_fatty acid trait dairy_cattle although biological_mechanism still undetermined requires validation', 'previous_research shown play_essential role sheep reproduction however research focused reproductive_seasonality sheep scientist studied association polymorphism gene ovine litter_size reproductive_seasonality therefore chose gene detect novel sequence polymorphism population genetics analyse association seasonal reproduction litter_size ewe the mrna_expression level hypothalamus pituitary ovary also detected study five polymorphism identified exon most importantly significant difference oestrous_sheep seasonal oestrous_sheep great effect litter_size small_tail han_sheep addition mrna_expression level hypothalamus polytocous small_tail han_sheep significantly_higher monotocous small_tail han_sheep expression hypothalamus oestrous_sheep significantly_higher seasonal oestrous_sheep polymorphism exon may_regulate reproductive_seasonality litter_size ewe influencing gene expression regulate reproductive_seasonality litter_size ewe our study provided_useful guidance selection litter_size small_tail han_sheep', 'eye_colour genetics extensively studied human since rediscovery mendel law this trait first interpreted using simplistic genetic model soon realised complex study analysed eye_colour variability large_white pig population report result gwass based several comparison including pig four main eye_colour category three pigmented eye different brown grade pale medium dark another one eye completely depigmented heterochromia pattern heterochromia iridis depigmented iris sector pigmented iris heterochromia iridum one whole eye iris depigmented phenotype eye iris completely pigmented pig genotyped_illumina beadchip gemma used association analysis the result_indicated chromosome ednrb kitlg affect different grade brown pigmentation eye bilateral eye depigmentation defect heterochromia iridis defect recorded white pig population respectively these gene involved several mechanism affecting pigmentation significant association eye depigmented pattern also identified snp two region including two candidate_gene including candidate_gene this_study provided_useful information understand eye pigmentation mechanism valuing pig animal model study complex phenotype human', 'litter_size economically_important trait sheep breeding the_objective study follows ascertain known variant bmprib gene present associated litter_size mongolia_sheep identify novel variant perform_association analysis validate effect promoter variant activity gene the result known variant showed fecbb affected litter_size mongolia_sheep the association analysis result novel variant showed genbank_accession untranslated_region utr exon snp promotor significantly_associated litter_size mongolia ewe respectively addition promoter_activity analysis showed allele position could_decrease luciferase_activity compared allele our_finding may facilitate effective selection increase litter_size mongolia_sheep population well bring new_insight expression', 'objective intramuscular_fat imf_content play_important role meat_quality identification single_nucleotide polymorphism snp gene related pig imf especially using pig population high imf_content variation help establish novel molecular breeding tool optimizing imf pork unveil mechanism_underlie fat metabolism method collected muscle sample chinese lulai black pig measured imf_content soxhlet extraction method genotyped snp using geneseek genomic_profiler porcine_beadchip then association study performed_using linear_mixed model implemented gemma_software result total snp identified significantly_associated imf_content cutoff among significant snp greatest number snp detected two linkage_disequilibrium block formed among additionally significant snp mapped previously_reported quantitative_trait locus qtls imf confirmed_previous qtls study annotated gene centering significant snp obtained ensembl database overrepresentation test pathway gene_ontology term revealed enriched reactome pathway term mainly involved_regulation basic material transport energy metabolic_process signaling_pathway conclusion these_finding improve_understanding genetic_architecture imf_content pork facilitate study gene influence fat_deposition muscle', 'plumage colouration bird important plethora reason ranging camouflage sexual signalling specie recognition the gene underlying colour variation vital understanding gene affect phenotype multiple gene identified affect plumage variation research principally focused gene causing albinism barring like rather smaller effect modifier locus subtly influence colour utilising domestic wild advanced_intercross combination classical qtl mapping red colouration quantitative_trait targeted genetical_genomics approach identified five separate candidate_gene crebbp putatively influence quantitative variation colouration chicken treating colour quantitative rather qualitative trait identified qtl gene small effect such small effect locus potentially far prevalent wild population therefore potentially highly relevant colour evolution', 'sheep important_source meat dairy_product wool play_essential part global agricultural economy body_weight body_conformation key trait sheep industry however underlying genetic_mechanism poorly_understood study_gwas implemented identify promising gene possibly linked birth_weight body_conformation trait neonatal sheep using chip_after quality_control individual variant analyzed using gemma_software mixed_linear model total suggestive snp obtained four associated four withers_height body_length chest_girth total gene associated body_conformation trait identified aligning sheep genome ovis involved cell_cycle body development promising_candidate gene found included following fo like transcription_factor subunit potassium channel_subfamily member transmembrane protein transforming_growth factor beta induced tgfbi leukocyte chemotaxin trafficking kinesin protein these_result provide cue similar study aiming uncovering genetic_mechanism underlying body development selection_program focusing body_conformation trait sheep', 'the genetic factor determining phenotypic_variation porcine fatness phenotype still largely unknown investigated_whether polymorphism eight gene ciart display differential_expression skeletal_muscle fasted fed sow associated variation lipid mrna_expression phenotype duroc_pig the performance association analysis gemma_software demonstrated snp gene associated ldl concentration day corrected moreover snp gene displayed significant association stearic_acid content longissimus_dorsi muscle corrected both snp also associated mrna_level corresponding gene gluteus_medius skeletal_muscle from biological perspective result meaningful protein play_essential role mitochondrial fusion process tightly connected energy status cell fundamental component circadian clock however inclusion two snp association analysis demonstrated located peak significance two trait study thus implying two snp causal effect', 'objective feed_consumption contributes large percentage total production cost_poultry industry detecting gene associated feeding trait benefit improve_understanding molecular determinant feed_efficiency the_objective study identify candidate_gene associated feed_conversion ratio_fcr via association study_gwas using sequence_data imputed single_nucleotide polymorphism snp panel chinese_indigenous chicken population method total chinese_indigenous chicken phenotyped fcr genotyped using snp genotyping_array bird selected sequencing snp panel data imputed whole sequence_data bird reference the gwas_performed gemma_software result after_quality control snp used sequence based gwas ten significant genomic_region detected associated fcr ten candidate_gene ubiquitin specific peptidase leukotriene hydrolase ets transcription_factor inhibitor apoptosis protein sosondowah ankyrin repeat_domain family_member calmodulin regulated spectrin associated protein family_member zinc_finger btb domain_containing potassium channel_subfamily member member ra oncogene family annotated several within near reported fcr quantitative_trait locus others newly_reported conclusion result study provide_valuable prior_information chicken genomic breeding_program potentially improve_understanding molecular_mechanism feeding trait', 'aggression pig welfare concern negatively_affect production skin lesion reliable indicator aggression moderately_heritable suggesting selective_breeding may reduce aggression understand_genetic control behavioral trait aggressive response regrouping associated single_nucleotide polymorphism snp identified within genome region snp located related known gene investigate snp associated aggression purebred yorkshire_pig strategically remixed new group familiar unfamiliar animal three life stage lesion count_recorded genomic_best linear_unbiased prediction_gblup model_fitted trait the genetic additive_effect obtained genetic relationship_matrix constructed snp snp effect variance estimated gblup object snp associated significant portion trait variance identified lesion anterior three snp fdr central one snp fdr portion body pig these snp located chromosome suggesting chromosome contains region explaining variation lesion count explored identify gene underlying biological control aggression', 'determine genetic_basis pork eating quality trait cooking_loss herein_performed association study_gwas tenderness_juiciness oiliness umami overall liking cooking_loss using whole_genome sequence heterogeneous stock pig generated crossing typical western_pig breed duroc_landrace large_white pietrain typical asian pig breed erhualian laiwu bamaxiang tibetan identified associated locus qtls novel seven locus also showed pleiotropic association different trait addition identified multiple promising_candidate gene trait including cooking_loss tenderness_juiciness myh gene oiliness overall liking our_result provide better_understanding genetic_basis meat_quality also potential_application future_breeding complex trait', 'excessive fat_deposition negative factor poultry production reduces feed_efficiency increase cost meat production health concern consumer genotyped bird brazilian chicken resource_population using snp_array estimate genomic heritability fat_deposition related trait identify_genomic region positional_candidate gene pcgs associated trait selection_signature region haplotype_block snp data previous whole_genome sequencing study founder chicken population used refine list pcgs identify potential causative snp obtained high genomic heritabilities identified unique qtls abdominal_fat carcass fat_content trait these qtls harbored pcgs involved biological_process fat cell_differentiation insulin triglyceride_level lipid biosynthetic process three pcgs located_within haplotype_block associated fat trait five overlapped selection_signature region contained predicted deleterious variant the identified qtls pcgs potentially causative snp provide_new insight_genetic control fat_deposition lead improved_accuracy selection reduce excessive fat_deposition chicken', 'micrornas mirna key modulators gene expression act putative complex phenotype here hypothesized causal_variant complex trait enriched mirnas network first conducted association study_gwas seven functional milk_production trait using_imputed sequence_variant million animal three dairy_cattle breed holstein hol nordic_red cattle rdc jersey jer second analyzed enrichment association signal mirnas network our_result demonstrated genomic_region harboring mirna gene significantly_enriched gwas signal milk_production trait mastitis enrichment within gene network significantly_higher random majority trait furthermore correlation enrichment network significantly greater random suggesting pleiotropic_effect mirnas intriguingly gene differentially_expressed response mammary_gland infection significantly_enriched network associated mastitis all finding consistent_across three breed collectively observation demonstrate importance mirnas target expression complex trait', 'background single_nucleotide polymorphism snp_array facilitated discovery genetic marker associated complex trait domestic cattle thereby enabling modern breeding selection_program association analysis gwaa growth trait conducted geographically diverse gelbvieh cattle using union set imputed snp birth_weight weaning_weight yearling_weight analyzed using gemma_emmax via imputed genotype gxe interaction also investigated result gemma_emmax produced moderate_heritability estimate similar gwaa using_imputed snp gemma_emmax revealed common positional_candidate gene underlying pleiotropic qtl gelbvieh growth trait the estimated proportion_phenotypic variance_explained pve lead snp defining qtl emmax larger similar smaller collectively gwaas gemma_emmax produced highly concordant set qtl met nominal_significance level prioritization common positional_candidate gene including gene previously associated stature feed_efficiency growth trait ncapg lcorl qtl consistent among trait nominal_significance threshold although shared qtl apparent le stringent significance_threshold conclusion pleiotropic qtl growth trait detected gelbvieh beef_cattle seven qtl detected gelbvieh growth trait also recently detected feed_efficiency growth trait angus simangus hereford cattle heritability_estimate detection pleiotropic qtl segregating multiple breed support implementation genomic_selection', 'wrinkle uneven fold ridge crease skin facial_wrinkle appear head typically increasing along aging however several chinese_indigenous pig erhualian_pig rich facial_wrinkle generated growth stage one breed characteristic investigate genetic_basis underlying development swine facial_wrinkle estimated folding extent facial_wrinkle herd erhualian_pig conducted association study facial_wrinkle using porcine chip found facial_wrinkle high_heritability estimate erhualian_pig notably one significant qtl detected porcine chromosome the significant snp located_downstream candidate_gene allele benefit increase facial_wrinkle evolutionary selection analysis suggested haplotype containing allele artificial_selection consistent local animal sacrificial custom praying longevity our_finding made important clue deciphering molecular_mechanism swine facial_wrinkle formation shed_light research skin wrinkle development human mammal', 'detection snp change biological_function gene may_lead identification putative_causative allele within qtl region discovery genetic marker large effect phenotype this_study objective first develop validate transcribed gene using data achieve objective two bioinformatics pipeline gatk samtools used identify transcribed snp allelic_imbalance associated important aquaculture production trait including body_weight muscle yield muscle fat_content shear_force whiteness addition bacterial disease bcwd snp ere identified pooled data_collected fish representing family family line divergent phenotype addition transcribed snp without strategically added build affymetrix snp selected included two snp per gene gene snp the used genotype fish the average snp sample passing quality_control fish the second objective_study test feasibility using new gwa association analysis identify qtl explaining muscle yield variance gwa study fish representing family consecutive_generation muscle yield phenotype genotyped polymorphic marker passing identified several qtl region explaining together additive_genetic variance muscle yield rainbow_trout population the significant qtls chromosome genetic_variance respectively many annotated gene qtl region previously_reported important regulator_muscle development cell signaling major qtls identified previous gwa study using genomic snp_chip fish population these_result indicate improved detection_power transcribed gene target trait population allowing identification qtls important trait rainbow_trout', 'blood value calcium inorganic phosphorus alkaline phosphatase activity alp valuable indicator mineral status bone mineralization the mineral homeostasis maintained absorption retention excretion process employing number known unknown sensing regulating factor implication immunity due high variation level blood pig clarify molecular contribution variation genetics hematological trait related balance investigated german_landrace population integrating association study_gwas approach genomic heritability_estimate suggest moderate genetic contribution variation hematological alp ratio value ranging the analysis marker add number genomic_region list quantitative_trait locus overlap previous result despite gap knowledge gene involved metabolism gene like shh ptprt reported connection bone metabolism derived significantly_associated genomic_region additionally genomic_region included gene coding phosphate transporter linked homeostasis the study call improved functional_annotation proposed candidate_gene derive feature involved_maintaining balance this gene information exploited diagnose predict characteristic micronutrient utilization bone development musculoskeletal system pig husbandry breeding', 'intramuscular_fat imf important quantitative_trait meat affect associated sensory property nutritional_value pork gain better_understanding genetic determinant imf used composite strategy including association analysis perform_association study_gwas imf duroc_boar estimated genomic heritability imf total single_nucleotide polymorphism snp found significantly_associated imf the mixed_linear model_mlm method mixed_linear model mrmlm fast efficient_mixed model association fastmremma integrative sure independence screening expectation maximization bayesian least absolute shrinkage selection operator model isi analysis identified significant snp respectively interestingly novel quantitative_trait locus qtl ssc found affect imf addition candidate_gene utrn dpyd found associated imf based potential functional role imf analysis showed gene involved muscle organ development significantly_enriched kegg pathway sphingolipid signaling_pathway reported associated fat_deposition obesity identification novel variant functional gene advance_understanding genetic_mechanism imf provide specific opportunity genomic_selection pig general composite strategy gwas may_useful understanding_genetic architecture economic trait livestock', 'salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum cause devastating outbreak fowl_typhoid across globe especially developing country with use antimicrobial agent reduced due legislation absence licensed vaccine part world attractive complementary control_strategy breed chicken increased resistance salmonella the potential genetic control salmonellosis demonstrated experimental challenge inbred population quantitative_trait locus qtl associated resistance identified many genomic_region major qtl associated systemic salmonellosis identified region termed present_study two outbreak fowl_typhoid united_kingdom used investigate genetic_architecture salmonella_resistance commercial_laying hen first outbreak resistant_susceptible layer genotyped using single_nucleotide polymorphism snp microsatellite_marker located previously identified region chromosome from second_outbreak resistant_susceptible layer belonging different line genotyped snp_array substantial heritability_estimate obtained population layer first_second outbreak respectively significant association three marker chromosome located_close gene coding protein_kinase protein respectively identified first outbreak from analysis second_outbreak eight significant association salmonella_resistance identified chromosome several others suggestive_significance found pathway network analysis_revealed presence many innate_immune pathway related salmonella_resistance although significant association snp located locus identified scan layer second_outbreak pathway analysis_revealed signaling significant pathway summary resistance fowl_typhoid heritable polygenic trait could possibly enhanced selective_breeding', 'objective the_purpose study_investigate single step association study ssgwas identifying genomic_region affecting reproductive trait landrace_large white pig method the trait included number pig weaned per sow per_year pwsy number litter per sow per_year lsy pig weaned per_litter pwl born_alive per_litter bal day npd wean conception interval per_litter total animal landrace_large white pig genotyped_illumina porcine snp beadchip containing single_nucleotide polymorphism snp multiple trait genomic_blup method used_calculate variance snp window landrace_large white data record result the outcome ssgwas reproductive trait identified snp associated reproductive trait landrace_large white respectively three known gene identified candidate_gene landrace pig including retinol binding_protein ubiquitination factor gene pwl bal pwsy one gene solute_carrier organic anion transporter family_member lsy npd meanwhile five gene identified candidate_gene large_white two aldehyde dehydrogenase family_member leucine rich repeat kinase associated six reproduction trait three gene retrotransposon gag like transient receptor potential cation channel_subfamily member lhfpl tetraspan subfamily_member five trait except conclusion the genomic_region identified study provided point marker_assisted selection estimating genomic breeding_value improving reproductive trait commercial_pig population', 'characterization genetic variant affecting gene expression_level expression quantitative_trait locus eqtls pig testis may improve_understanding genetic_architecture boar_taint animal_welfare trait help genomic_selection program the_aim study identify eqtls associated androstenone find candidate eqtls low androstenone validate top eqtl reverse transcriptase quantitative_pcr gene expression profile obtained rna_sequencing testis danish pig genotype data single_nucleotide polymorphism panel total eqtls false_discovery rate_fdr identified using two software package matrix eqtl krux eqtl eqtls significantly_associated androstenone_concentration gene expression fdr the eqtls associated several gene boar_taint relevance including one eqtl gene amph differentially_expressed fdr affected chicory five candidate eqtls associated low androstenone_concentration discovered including top eqtl associated confirmed target gene expression significantly different based eqtl genotype furthermore eqtls enriched qtls boar_taint related trait pigqtldb this_first study report eqtls testis commercial_crossbred pig used pork production reveal genetic_architecture boar_taint potential_application include development dna test advanced genomic_selection model boar_taint', 'litter_size one important economic trait pig production directly related production efficiency important litter_size trait pig number_piglet born_alive birth nba receives widespread interest pig_industry however trait piglet_born dead including number_stillborn piglet piglet mummified birth noted explain loss reproduction herein present_study total producing sow sampled farrowing record nba trait collected duroc swine population subsequently association study_gwas performed nba parity group total putative region found associated trait after stepwise conditional analysis around putative region eight independent signal ultimately identified nba seven promising_candidate gene related trait including rxrg apc our_finding contribute understanding significant genetic cause piglet_born alive dead could positive effect pig production efficiency economic profit', 'identifying genetic_basis domestication improvement_livestock contributes understanding role artificial_selection shaping genome here used sequencing genotyping sequencing approach detect artificial_selection signature identify associated snp two economic trait duroc_pig total candidate selection region detected combining fixation index composite likelihood_ratio method further association study revealed seven associated snp related intramuscular_fat content feed_conversion ratio trait respectively enrichment_analysis suggested artificial_selection region harbored gene mstn responsible economic trait including lean muscle_mass fertility immunization overall study found series candidate_gene putatively associated breeding improvement duroc_pig polygenic basis adaptive evolution provide important reference fundamental information future_breeding program', 'genomic_selection proposed mitigation methane emission cattle considerable variability emission individual fed diet the association study_gwas represents important tool_detection candidate_gene haplotype single_nucleotide polymorphism snp marker related characteristic economic_interest the present_study included information cow three dairy production_system mexico dual purpose specialized tropical dairy familiar production_system concentration breath individual cow time milking meim estimated system infrared sensor after_quality control analysis snp included association marker made using linear_regression model corrected principal_component analysis total snp identified significant production several snp associated production found region previously_described quantitative_trait locus composition characteristic meat milk_fatty acid characteristic related feed_intake concluded snp identified could_used genomic_selection program developing country combined datasets global selection', 'despite major advance estimated large part melanoma predisposing gene remains discovered animal model spontaneous disease valuable_tool experimental_cross used identify new susceptibility locus associated melanoma performed association study_gwas melanoma occurrence progression clinical ulceration presence metastasis porcine model spontaneous melanoma melim pig five locus chromosome showed_significant association either one phenotype suggestive association also found additional locus moreover comparison porcine result reported human melanoma gwas indicated shared association signal notably tert locus also nearby fto locus extensive search literature revealed potential key_role gene identified porcine locus tumor invasion dst immune_response modulation progression phenotype these biological_process consistent feature melim tumor open new route future melanoma research human', 'insect bite hypersensitivity ibh cutaneous allergic reaction antigen culicoides prevalent skin disorder horse misdiagnosis possible ibh usually diagnosed based clinical_sign our study first employ ige_level several recombinant culicoides spp allergen objective independent quantitative phenotype improve power_detect genetic variant underlie ibh genotype shetland pony icelandic horse belgian warmblood_horse analyzed using_mixed model approach polymorphism snp passed bonferroni corrected significance_threshold several region identified within across breed confirmed previously identified region interest addition identifying new region interest ige_level continuous objective phenotype allow powerful analysis compared significant association obtained however use higher density array seems necessary fully employ use ige_level phenotype while result still require_validation large independent dataset use ige_level showed value objective continuous phenotype deepen understanding_biology underlying ibh', 'there several association study_gwas reported carcass growth meat trait chicken most study based single snp gwas contrast gwas report limited present_study northeast_agricultural university_broiler line_divergently selected abdominal_fat content neauhlf genotyped chicken snp_chip used_perform gwas the lean_fat chicken line_selected abdominal_fat content abdominal_fat weight significantly different line however difference body_weight lean_fat line total haplotype window significantly_associated abdominal_fat weight these significantly_associated haplotype window primarily located chromosome seven candidate_gene including shh located_within associated region these gene may_play important_role control abdominal_fat content two region chromosome significantly_associated testis weight these region previously detected single snp gwas using resource_population chromosome identified potentially important candidate_gene testis growth development based gene expression analysis reported function gene previously detected snp snp interaction analysis located region chromosome significantly_associated testis weight six candidate_gene including nppc mthfr chromosome may_play important_role bone development based known_function gene addition several region significantly_associated carcass growth trait candidate_gene identified the result present_study may helpful understanding_genetic mechanism carcass growth trait chicken', 'the debao_pony dwarf horse breed_china group gene regarded one important candidate_gene regulating body_height horse the_aim study study association mutation gene withers_height debao_pony the polymorphism exon partial intron gene screened sequencing across debao_pony and association dna variant withers_height analyzed seven genetic variant identified gene including six novel variant among six mutation located two closed linked block the three novel variant intron fifth exon known mutation significant association withers_height debao_pony these_result suggest four variant potential used genetic marker dwarf horse breeding activity', 'the roan coat_color horse characterized dispersed white hair dark point this phenotype segregate broad_range horse breed underlying genetic background still_unknown previous_study mapped roan locus kit gene equine chromosome however association could validated across different horse breed performing association analysis gwas noriker horse identified single_nucleotide polymorphism snp intron kit gene the top associated snp present roan horse namely quarter horse murgese slovenian belgian draught horse absent panel breed including horse gray lipizzan horse eight animal exhibited heterozygous genotype comparative sequence analysis kit region revealed two deletion downstream region deletion combined insertion intron kit within noriker sample locus complete_linkage disequilibrium identified top snp based_upon pedigree_information historical record able trace back genetic origin roan coat_color baroque gene pool furthermore data suggest allelic heterogeneity existence additional roan allele pony breed related english thoroughbred order study roan phenotype segregating breed association verification study required', 'one abundant milk whey_protein many mammal specie including domestic horse the_aim study screen polymorphism equine gene sequence exon_intron region ass potential relationship particular genotype gene expression_level measured milk somatic_cell milk composition trait protein fat lactose total content direct dna_sequencing analysis performed twelve horse breed polish primitive horse pph polish coldblood_horse pch polish warmblood_horse pwh silesian hucul fjording haflinger shetland pony welsh pony arabian thoroughbred revealed presence polymorphic_site gene respectively including eight previously unknown association analysis selected polymorphism gene expression milk composition trait conducted pph pch pwh breed showed several statistically_significant relationship example two linked snp associated total milk_protein content our study also confirmed horse breed significant impact gene transcript_level milk lgb content whereas influence lactation period seen gene relative mrna_abundance', 'sheep seasonally polyestrous traditionally breeding day length shortens autumn the changing photoperiod stimulates reproductive_hormone series chemical pathway ultimately leading cyclicity some breed sheep polypay dorset selected reduced seasonality lamb despite selection still variation within breed ability lamb season the identification season lambing quantitative_trait locus potential improve genetic_progress using genomic_selection scheme association study fixation index fst run_homozygosity roh evaluated identify region genome influence ability ewe lamb season all analysis used genotypic_data illumina_ovine beadchip association tested across breed ewe within dorset polypay breed fst measured across breed dorsets ass population difference roh estimated ewe identify homozygous region contributing season lambing significant association multiple_testing correction found approach leading identification several candidate_gene study gene involved eye development reproductive_hormone neuronal change identified promising influencing ewe ability lamb these candidate_gene could advantageous selection improved lamb production provide better insight_complex regulation seasonal reproduction', 'objective muscle_fiber type number area crucial aspect associated meat production quality however study pig muscle_fibre trait term detection_power false_discovery rate confidence_interval precision quantitative_trait locus qtl previously performed genome scanning muscle_fibre trait using microsatellites detected significant qtls white erhualian population the confidence_interval qtls ranged centimorgan contained hundred gene hampered identification qtls sequence imputation population used fine_mapping study method sequence association study performed population genotyping performed individual the variant imputed single_nucleotide polymorphism snp identified examined association longissimus_dorsi muscle_fiber trait result total significant snp comprising novel qtls showing association relative area fiber_type fiber_number per square centimeter total fiber_number tfn moreover one qtl pig chromosome found affect tfn furthermore four plausible_candidate gene associated kinase domain_containing tfn solute_carrier family_member contactin associated protein like glutamate metabotropic receptor identified conclusion efficient powerful association approach utilized identify gene potentially associated muscle_fiber trait these identified gene snp could explored improve meat production quality via selection pig', 'disease_resistance one important trait aquaculture_industry for catfish industry enteric septicemia catfish esc caused bacterial pathogen edwardsiella ictaluri severe disease causing enormous economic_loss every year study used three channel_catfish family individual fish per family catfish snp_array conducted association study detect_quantitative trait locus qtl associated esc_resistance three significant qtl two located one three suggestive qtl located respectively identified associated esc_resistance with reference genome_sequence gene around involved qtl region identified among gene gene known_function immunity may involved esc_resistance notably identified also found qtl region esc_resistance channel_catfish blue catfish interspecific_hybrid system suggesting qtl operating within channel_catfish population interspecific_hybrid backcross population many gene class mhc pathway mediated antigen processing presentation found qtl region the positional correlation found study expressional correlation found previous_study indicated class mhc pathway significantly_associated esc_resistance this_study validated one qtl previously identified using second fourth generation interspecific_hybrid backcross_progeny identified five additional qtl among channel_catfish family taken_together appears major qtl esc disease_resistance making selection effective approach genetic_improvement esc_resistance', 'the pelibuey_sheep adaptability climatic variation resistance parasite good maternal_ability whereas ewe present multiple birth increase litter_size farm sheep the litter_size wool sheep breed associated presence mutation mainly family transforming_growth factor gene explore_genetic mechanism_underlying variation litter_size conducted association study two group pelibuey_sheep multiparous sheep two lamb per birth uniparous sheep single lamb birth using beadchip identified total putative snp marker bonferroni_correction the candidate_gene may associated litter_size pelibuey_sheep cga genomic_region also identified contain three quantitative_trait locus qtls aseasonal_reproduction asrep milk_yield body_weight these_result allowed_identify snp associated gene could involved reproductive process related prolificacy', 'the present_study aimed_identify molecular_marker gene influence intramuscular_fat content ifc average_backfat thickness abt total suhuai_pig slaughtered measurement ifc_abt obtained phenotypic genetic_correlation ifc_abt calculated thirteen single_nucleotide polymorphism snp among candidate_gene ifc analyzed including lipe lep_lepr retn scd association evaluated snp ifcifc abt performed our_result showed mean ifc_abt respectively the coefficient_variation cv ifc_abt respectively the phenotypic genetic_correlation ifc_abt moderate only associated ifc_abt besides tendency association scd ifc our_result indicated snp could_used marker improve ifc without changing abt suhuai_pig breeding system', 'genome_wide association analysis diverse population identify complex trait locus specifically present one population shared across multiple population help_better understand_genetic architecture_complex trait broader genetic context study conducted association study fatty_acid composition trait million imputed genome_sequence snp pig six population encompassing white_duroc erhualian sutai dly cross laiwu erhualian bamaxiang pig originally genotyped million single_nucleotide polymorphism snp_chip the analysis uncovered lead snp among locate lead chip snp considered novel largely augmented landscape locus porcine muscle fatty_acid composition enhanced association significance locus near scd thrsp gene suggesting possible existence population shared mutation_underlying locus further haplotype analysis scd locus identified shared haplotype sutai dly pig showing consistent effect decreasing content three population contrast fasn locus found erhualian specific haplotype explaining population specific association signal erhualian_pig this_study refines understanding landscape locus candidate_gene fatty_acid composition trait pig', 'carcass quality trait back_fat loin_depth adg extreme economic_importance swine_industry this_study aimed estimate genetic_parameter trait conduct_association study ssgwas identify_genomic region affect carcass quality growth trait purebred_crossbred pig total pb cbs pig phenotyped adg genotyped using_illumina beadchip_after quality_control snp available used_perform ssgwas bootstrap analysis signal enrichment_analysis performed declare snp significance genome region based variance_explained significant sliding_window estimate_heritability adg estimate_heritability adg genetic_correlation across two population adg respectively the variance_explained significant region trait pb ranged adg cbs variance_explained significant region ranged adg study described region genome determine carcass quality growth trait pig these_result provide_evidence overlapping nonoverlapping region genome influencing carcass quality growth trait pb pig', 'finding effective predictor trait related boar fertility essential increasing efficiency artificial_insemination system pig breeding the_objective study find association polymorphism snp within candidate_gene fertility breed landrace duroc animal breeding_value total number_piglet born exonic region candidate_gene related male_female fertility using sample landrace boar duroc_boar four high four low breeding_value total number_piglet born breed male_fertility female_fertility detect genetic variant genotyping detected snp done landrace boar duroc_boar two snp one snp found significantly_associated total number_piglet born landrace duroc two snp plcz one snp vwf one snp found significantly_associated total number_piglet born these snp explained genetic_variance these effect low used directly selection purpose interest used genomic_selection', 'eastern southern chinese pig imported western country improve economic trait including fertility western_pig breed intensive selecting chinese advantage gene reported selected mutation including aryl hydrocarbon receptor ahr gene could increase litter_size multiple european_commercial line the_objective study identify whether ahr gene polymorphic influence litter_size pig population including five chinese_indigenous breed one cultivated breed one breed two north_american breed one european breed found polymorphism population whereas associated litter_size french yorkshire chinese cultivated suhuai_pig containing approximately british yorkshire_pig ancestry our_result indicated ahr gene potential marker improve litter_size european_commercial line pig containing ancestry european_commercial line whereas locus maybe causal_mutation affecting litter_size linkage_disequilibrium causal_mutation litter_size', 'background growth major economic production trait aquaculture improvement growth performance reduce time cost fish reach market size however gene underlying growth fully explored rainbow_trout result previously developed snp_chip containing snp showing allelic_imbalance potentially associated important aquaculture production trait including body_weight muscle yield used genotyping total fish available phenotypic_data bodyweight_gain genotyped fish obtained two consecutive_generation produced ncccwa breeding_program weighted_gblup wssgblup used_perform association_gwa analysis identify_quantitative trait locus qtl associated bodyweight_gain using genomic sliding_window adjacent snp snp associated bodyweight_gain identified gene involved cell growth cell_proliferation cell_cycle lipid_metabolism proteolytic activity chromatin modification developmental_process chromosome harbored highest number snp snp window_explaining highest additive_genetic variance bodyweight_gain included nonsynonymous snp gene_encoding inositol polyphosphate additionally based gwa_analysis snp identified association bodyweight_gain the highest snp explaining variation bodyweight_gain identified gene coding conclusion the majority gene including involved developmental_process our_result suggest gene important determinant growth could prioritized used genomic_selection breeding_program', 'the montana_composite recently developed beef_cattle population rapidly expanding brazil tropical country this mainly due improved meat_quality adaptation tropical climate condition compared zebu taurine cattle breed respectively this_study aimed_investigate genetic_architecture carcass meat_quality trait montana_composite beef_cattle therefore estimated variance_component genetic_parameter performed association study using weighted genomic_best linear_unbiased prediction_gblup approach pedigree dataset containing animal used genotyped using single_nucleotide polymorphism panel snp total phenotypic_record trait longissimus_muscle area_lma backfat_thickness bft rump_fat thickness rft marbling_score marb respectively used analysis moderate_high heritability_estimate obtained ranged rft_marb high genetic_correlation observed bft_rft suggesting similar set gene affect trait the relevant genomic_region associated lma bft_rft marb found two overlapping genomic_region identified rft_marb bft_rft candidate_gene identified study including lyn wwox previously_reported associated growth stature skeletal_muscle growth fat_thickness fatty_acid composition our_result indicate carcass meat_quality trait montana_composite beef_cattle heritable therefore improved selective_breeding addition various novel already known genomic_region related trait identified contribute_better understanding_underlying genetic background lma bft_rft marb montana tropical composite population', 'background bovine paratuberculosis contagious disease_caused mycobacterium_avium subsp paratuberculosis_map adverse effect animal_welfare serious_economic consequence published result host genetic resistance map inconsistent mainly difficulty characterizing infection_status cow the_objective study identify_quantitative trait locus qtl resistance map holstein_normande cow accurately defined status map result from herd cow without clinical_sign disease subjected least four repeated serum elisa fecal pcr test time determine infected status clinical_case confirmed using pcr only cow concordant result test included analysis positive control cow matched within herd according birth_date ensure level exposure map cow accurate phenotype unaffected control affected clinical_case genotyped_illumina beadchip genotype imputed_sequence using bull genome reference_population association study_gwas map status holstein_normande cow using either two control versus case three class phenotype control clinical_case revealed three region bos_taurus bta chromosome presenting significant effect holstein_cow one identified normande_cow the significant effect found short region conditional analysis_revealed one causal_variant may responsible effect observed chromosome gene good functional_candidate conclusion gwas cow resistance map accurately defined able_identify candidate variant located gene functionally related resistance map explained genetic_variance trait these_result encouraging effort towards implementation breeding_strategy aimed improving resistance paratuberculosis holstein_cow', 'our previous gwas revealed significant snp promising_candidate gene associated milk_fatty acid trait dairy_cattle out carboxypeptidase cpm gene contains significant snp strongly_associated myristic acid herein aimed confirm genetic effect cpm milk_fatty acid chinese_holstein seven snp detected sequence entire exon_flanking region cpm gene three flanking_region one utr three flanking_region using haploview estimated among identified snp found two haplotype_block with animal model performed association analysis observed snp haplotype_block mainly strong genetic association saturated_fatty acid caproic acid caprylic acid capric acid lauric acid addition using genomatix software predicted three snp flanking_region cpm changed transcription_factor binding_site pref progesterone receptor biding site transcription_factor eight central zinc_finger krab domain region dimeric binding_site region alternative splicing variant activated escs further reporter assay showed three snp altered transcriptional_activity cpm gene summary using strategy first confirmed significant genetic effect cpm milk_fatty acid dairy_cattle identified three potential_causal mutation', 'reducing_incidence degree assistance required calving well extent perinatal_mortality economic societal benefit the existence heritable genetic_variability trait signifies presence underlying genomic variability the_objective present_study locate region genome extension putative gene mutation likely underpinning genetic_variability direct_calving difficulty dcd maternal_calving difficulty mcd imputed polymorphism snp data angus_charolais limousin sire representing calving event descendant used several putative quantitative_trait locus qtl region associated calving_performance within across dairy beef breed identified although majority qtl surrounding encompassing myostatin_mstn gene associated dcd population the mutation fifth strongest_association dcd population accounted genetic_variance dcd contrast none segregating variant mstn associated dcd population genomic_region downstream mstn associated the genetic_architecture dcd differed population relative two qtl encompassing bos_taurus autosome_bta identified former pleiotropic snp associated three calving_performance trait also identified three beef breed snp pleiotropic snp associated one trait within population the majority pleiotropic snp surrounding mstn associated dcd multiple previously_reported also novel qtl associated calving_performance detected large study these also included qtl region_harboring snp direction allele_substitution effect dcd mcd thus contributing effective simultaneous selection trait', 'the large small problem posed significant challenge analysis interpretation association study_gwas the use prior_information rank genomic_region perform snp selection could increase_power gwas study propose use gene expression data multiple tissue prior_information assign weight snp select snp based weight threshold utilize weighted hypothesis testing conduct gwas library hypothalamus duodenum ileum jejunum tissue pig divergent feed_efficiency phenotype sequenced gene individual tissue clustering analysis performed_using constrained tensor decomposition obtain total gene expression module loading value gene module used assign weight commercial snp marker snp selected using weight threshold resulting snp set ranging size marker weighted gwas feed_intake pig performed_separately snp set total unique significant snp association identified across ten gene module snp set for comparison standard unweighted gwas using snp performed snp significant none snp unweighted analysis resided known qtl related swine feed_efficiency feed_intake average_daily gain_feed conversion_ratio compared weighted analysis snp residing feed_intake qtl these_result suggest heritability feed_intake driven many snp individually attain significance gwas hence proposed procedure prioritizing snp based gene expression data across multiple tissue provides promising approach improving power gwas', 'objective association study two based gwas_performed explore_genetic mechanism_underlying variation pig number_born alive_nba total number_born tnb method single trait gwas two meta_analysis multitrait meta_analysis used study nba_tnb yorkshire population including three different american yorkshire population one british yorkshire population result the result single trait gwas showed_significant associated single_nucleotide polymorphism snp identified using meta_analysis meta_analysis within population significant locus identified associated target trait spindlin vascular endothelial growth_factor forkhead box msh homeobox lhfpl tetraspan submily member five functionally plausible_candidate gene nba_tnb compared single population gwas meta_analysis improve detection_power identify snp integrating information multiple population the analysis reduced power_detect locus enhanced power identify common locus across trait conclusion total finding identified novel gene validated candidate nba_tnb pig also enabled enlarge population size including multiple population different genetic background increase_power gwas using meta_analysis', 'feed_efficiency key trait pig production improvement positive economic_environmental impact complex phenotype testing animal costly therefore desire find functionally relevant single_nucleotide polymorphism snp biomarkers improve biological understanding well accuracy_genomic prediction performed eqtl expression quantitative_trait locus analysis population danbred durocs danbred landrace using linear anova model based muscle tissue analyzed total combination eqtl detection model the gene based differential gene expression analysis using gene related additionally combined mitochondrial gene the snp applying stringent quality_control linkage_disequilibrium filtering genotype data using ggp porcine snp_array applied fold bootstrapping enrichment_analysis validate analyze detected eqtls identified eqtls fdr affecting several gene found previous_study commercial_pig breed example include mff the bootstrapping result showed statistically_significant enrichment eqtls ci enrichment_analysis top revealed high enrichment gene category gene_ontology associated genomic context expression regulation this included transcription_factor transcription_factor activity nucleus gene negative regulation expression these_result would_useful future genome assisted breeding pig improve improved understanding functional mechanism trans eqtls', 'sow fertility trait litter_size number lifetime parity produced reproductive_longevity economically_important selection trait difficult lowly_heritable expressed late life age_puberty early indicator reproductive_longevity here utilized custom affymetrix polymorphism snp_array enriched positional_candidate genetic variant association study fine_map genetic source associated fertility trait research university unl commercial sow population five major quantitative_trait locus qtl located four sus_scrofa chromosome discovered unl_population negative_correlation observed qtl genomic estimated_breeding value reproductive_longevity measured lifetime number parity ltnp some snp discovered major qtl region located candidate_gene gene_ontology these snp showed_significant suggestive association reproductive_longevity litter_size trait unl_population litter_size trait commercial sow for_example unl_population number favorable_allele snp located untranslated_region increased decreased ltnp increased additionally suggestive difference_observed isoforms usage hypothesized source qtl puberty onset mapped beneficial characterize candidate snp gene understand impact protein sequence function gene expression splicing process change affect phenotypic_variation fertility trait', 'meat_quality important genetic component modified fatty_acid composition amount fat contained adipose_tissue muscle the present_study aimed find genomic_region associated composition backfat muscle longissimus_dorsi pig three different genetic background iberian breed common association study_gwas performed polymorphism snp covering pig genome phenotypic trait related backfat muscle composition nine significant associated region found backfat sus_scrofa chromosome_ssc for intramuscular_fat six significant associated region identified total candidate_gene proposed explain variation backfat muscle composition trait gwas also reanalysed including snp five candidate_gene fasn scd region molecular_marker described study may_useful meat_quality selection commercial_pig breed although several polymorphism analysis would needed evaluate possible causal_mutation', 'meat_quality iberian pig defined combination genetic characteristic particular production_system carry genetic analysis main meat_quality trait estimated_heritabilities genetic_correlation association effect selected snp candidate_gene total ten trait measured longissimus_dorsi sample iberian pig fattened traditional system water_holding capacity thawing cooking centrifuge force water_loss instrumental colour lightness_redness yellowness myoglobin content shear_force cooked_meat shear_force maximum compression force loin estimated heritability value low_moderate lowest highest cooking_loss strong genetic_correlation water_holding capacity trait myoglobin content observed the association analysis_revealed snp significantly_associated different trait consistent strong effect observed snp water_loss also shear_force the snp mapping showed highest effect minolta colour trait genotyping snp could_useful selection iberian young boar similar estimated_breeding value productive trait', 'the chinese qingyu_pig breed invaluable indigenous genetic resource however study investigated genetic_architecture meat_quality trait qingyu_pig here purebred qingyu_pig subjected sequencing after_quality control snp retained association study_gwas performed meat_color three postmortem time_point min using regression analysis total snp associated meat_color longissimus_thoracis muscle ltm respectively snp associated meat_color semimembranosus_muscle respectively seven snp associated pork shared three postmortem time_point several candidate_gene meat trait identified including four gene related skeletal_muscle development regulation release muscle anaerobic respiration promising_candidate selecting superior meat_quality trait qingyu_pig knowledge_first study investigating postmortem genetic_architecture pork_color qingyu_pig our_finding current understanding_genetic factor influencing meat_quality', 'intramuscular_fat content fatty_acid composition affect porcine meat_quality nutritional_value the present_work aimed_identify genomic variant regulating expression porcine muscle longissimus_dorsi candidate_gene lipid_metabolism fatty_acid composition three experimental backcrosses based iberian breed expression association study egwas performed muscle gene expression value measured quantitative_pcr genotype snp distributed_along chromosome the egwas identified esnps located ten sus_scrofa region associated expression fo fdr gene two expression quantitative_trait locus eqtls classified eqtls suggesting mutation gene affecting expression conversely ten eqtls showed effect gene expression when egwas performed backcross independently three common region observed indicating different regulatory_mechanism allelic_frequency among breed addition hotspot region regulating expression several gene detected our_result provide_new data better_understand functional regulatory_mechanism lipid_metabolism gene muscle', 'background due ethical reason surgical castration young male_piglet first week_life without anesthesia banned germany breeding boar_taint already implemented sire breed breeding organization recent_year low demand made trait economically le important the_objective study estimate heritabilities genetic relationship boar_taint compound_androstenone skatole reproduction trait landrace_large white animal nucleus population additionally genome_wide association analysis gwas_performed per trait breed detect snp marker possible_pleiotropic effect associated boar_taint fertility result estimated_heritabilities androstenone_skatole heritabilities reproduction differ breed except age_first insemination estimate genetic_correlation boar_taint fertility different breed unfavorable observed androstenone number_piglet born_alive whereas opposite sign similar difference_observed skatole sperm count within indicates relationship trait whereas point unfavorable relationship gwas identified qtl region androstenone_skatole for one marker found androstenone one qtl skatole conclusion knowledge genetic_correlation could help balance conventional breeding_program boar_taint maternal breed qtl region unfavorable pleiotropic_effect boar_taint fertility could deleterious consequence genomic_selection program constraining weighting qtl genomic_selection formula may_useful strategy avoid physiological imbalance', 'digital dermatitis cause_lameness dairy_cattle detect_quantitative trait locus qtl associated association study_gwas performed_using single_nucleotide polymorphism snp genotype binary quantitative average number per hoof trimming record recurrent case episode control phenotype cow across four dairy control linear_mixed model lmm random_forest approach identified top snp used predictor bayesian regression_model ass snp predictive value the lmm analysis identified qtl region containing candidate_gene bos_taurus autosome_bta binary recurrent phenotype quantitative phenotype related epidermal integrity immune_function wound_healing although larger_sample size necessary reaffirm small effect locus amidst strong environmental effect sample cohort used study sufficient estimating snp effect high predictive value', 'tenderness major quality_attribute fresh beef steak united_state meat_quality trait general suitable candidate genomic research the_objective present analysis perform_association gwa_analysis marbling shear_force wbsf_tenderness connective_tissue using data angus population identify enriched pathway gwa_analysis construct interaction_network using associated gene perform proteolysis assessment associated structural_protein population individual assessed animal transported commercial packing plant harvested average age_day after postmortem marbling recorded grader visual appraisal two steak sampled muscle recording wbsf_tenderness connective_tissue sensory panel the relevance additive_effect marbling wbsf_tenderness connective_tissue evaluated scale using_mixed approach analysis gene enrichment performed gwa polymorphism association lower included the gene identified associated included interaction_network candidate structural_protein assessment proteolysis analysis total polymorphism significantly_associated marbling wbsf_tenderness connective_tissue respectively the associate region harbor highly_significant marker meat_quality trait enrichment term nucleus includes transcription_factor evident the final network included interations gene the important gene based significance encode structural_protein included proteolysis analysis protein potential substrate overall comprehensive study unraveled genetic variant gene mechanism_action responsible variation meat_quality trait our_finding provide opportunity improving meat_quality beef_cattle via selection', 'recent_year study biological_mechanism underlying_complex trait facilitated innovation genotyping_technology conducted weighted association study wssgwas evaluate backfat_thickness carcass_weight eye_muscle area marbling_score yearling_weight cohort hanwoo_beef cattle using beadchip the wssgwas uncovered genomic_region explained_additive genetic_variance mostly_located chromosome among identified window region seven quantitative_trait locus qtl pleiotropic_effect qtl significant pathway_implicated measured trait gene_ontology term enrichment_analysis included following lipid biosynthetic process regulation lipid metabolic_process transport localization lipid regulation growth developmental growth multicellular organism growth integration gwas result studied trait pathway network analysis facilitated exploration respective candidate_gene involved several biological_function particularly lipid growth metabolism this_study provides novel_insight genetic base underlying_complex trait could_useful developing breeding_scheme aimed improving growth_carcass trait hanwoo_beef cattle', 'background over last year association study_gwas based imputed_sequence wgs used detect_quantitative trait locus qtl highlight candidate_gene important trait however general approach allow validate effect candidate mutation determine truly causative trait question address question applied gwas approach trait linked milk_production udder_health udder_morphology montbéliarde mon normande nor holstein hol cattle detected candidate variant using_imputed wgs mon_nor hol bull validated effect three younger population mon_nor hol cow result bull gwas detected qtl milk_production trait somatic_cell score_sc udder_morphology trait mon_nor hol respectively five genomic_region effect milk_production trait shared among three breed whereas six production udder_morphology health trait effect two breed qtl highlighted based significance effect functional_annotation the subsequent gwas mon_nor hol cow validated qtl production trait sc udder_morphology trait respectively confirmed qtl identified bull significant effect single_nucleotide polymorphism snp standard chip the best validated qtl located gene functionally related production qtl udder qtl trait conclusion using gwas approach identified validated qtl included mostly_located within functional_candidate gene explained udder trait production trait genetic_variance economically_important dairy trait these included chip used evaluate french_dairy cattle integrated routine genomic_evaluation', 'background study assessed accuracy_genomic prediction carcass_weight cwt marbling_score eye_muscle area_ema back_fat thickness_bft hanwoo cattle using genomic_best linear_unbiased prediction_gblup weighted_gblup wgblup bayesr model for model investigated potential gain using single_nucleotide polymorphism snp association study_gwas imputed_sequence data gene expression information used data animal carcass phenotype imputed_sequence genotype split independent gwas discovery set varying size remaining set validation prediction expression data used hanwoo gene expression experiment based animal result using larger number animal reference set increased accuracy_genomic prediction whereas larger independent gwas discovery dataset improved identification predictive snp using snp gwas gblup improved_accuracy prediction ema bft cwt compared standard snp_array gave accuracy respectively accuracy_prediction bft cwt increased bayesr applied snp_array respectively improved combining array respectively contrast using bayesr resulted limited improvement ema wgblup improve_accuracy increased prediction bias based experiment identified informative expression quantitative_trait locus used gblup improved_accuracy prediction slightly snp located gene expression associated difference trait phenotype contribute higher prediction_accuracy conclusion_our result_show hanwoo_beef cattle snp gwas imputed_sequence data accuracy_prediction improves slightly whereas contribution snp selected based gene expression significant the benefit statistical_model prioritize selected snp estimating genomic breeding_value depends genetic_architecture trait', 'milking speed temperament workability trait great importance dairy_cattle production breeding this mainly due increased intensification worldwide production_system greater adoption precision technology le interaction both heritable trait thus genomic_selection promising tool expedite genetic_progress however genetic_architecture biological_mechanism underlying phenotypic expression trait remain underexplored study investigated association million imputed_sequence variant north_american holstein_cattle respectively the statistical_analysis performed_using mixed_linear model fitting polygenic_effect detected significant snp independently associated respectively distributed_across chromosome eight candidate_gene lsamp suggested play_important role involved biologically relevant pathway glutamatergic synapse vomeronasal receptor oxytocin_signaling within coding upstream sequence used independent data_set detect validate significantly differentiated snp cattle breed known difference there fewer candidate_gene potentially implicated gene also identified population validated study the significant snp novel candidate_gene identified contribute_better understanding_biological mechanism_underlying trait dairy_cattle this information also useful optimization prediction genomic breeding_value giving greater weight snp located genomic_region identified', 'single gwas conducted detect genomic_region candidate_gene associated meat_color trait lightness_redness yellowness nellore_cattle phenotypic_record animal genotype snp used the family program used single step gwas approach the top genomic_region gwas explained genetic_variance harbored candidate_gene respectively regarding gwas top snp window_explained genetic_variance harbored candidate_gene respectively pleiotropic_effect evidenced overlapping region detected bta associated genetic_correlation bta associated genetic_correlation similar genomic_region located bta detected single gwas overlapped region harbored total functional_candidate gene involved mitochondrial activity structural integrity muscle lipid oxidation anaerobic metabolism muscular', 'the german black pied cattle dsn become endangered breed approximately registered cow germany the breed genetically related cattle old dsn breed contributed selection modern holstein_dairy cow dairy farm breeder aim improve animal health reducing number mastitis case would also reduce milk loss treatment cost genomic level marker associated clinical_mastitis reported dsn therefore performed association study dsn cow using univariate linear_mixed model included relatedness matrix correct population_stratification although statistical_power limited small population size marker significantly_associated additional marker showed suggestive association clinical_mastitis those marker accounted variance clinical_mastitis examined dsn population one marker found intragenic region marker intergenic_region further analysis identified positional_candidate gene among previously associated clinical_mastitis dairy_cattle breed the marker presented used selection animal endangered dsn population broadly contribute_better understanding mastitis determinant dairy_cattle breed', 'functional enduring mammary structure pivotal producer profitability_animal health_welfare beef production genetic_evaluation teat_udder score canadian_angus cattle previously developed the_aim study identify_genomic region associated teat_udder structure canadian_angus cow thereby enhancing knowledge biological architecture trait thus performed weighted genome_wide association study wssgwas identify candidate_gene teat_udder score canadian_angus cow typed genomic_profiler bovine snp_array genomically enhanced estimated_breeding value gebvs converted snp marker effect using unequal variance marker calculate weight snp three iteration genome_wide level detected window consecutive snp explained variance observed trait total window identified teat_udder score respectively two snp window common trait using ensembl snp window used search candidate_gene quantitative_trait locus qtl total characterized gene identified region teat_udder score respectively gene common trait gene network enrichment_analysis using ingenuity_pathway analysis ipa signified key pathway unique trait gene interest associated immune_response wound_healing adipose_tissue development morphology epithelial vascular development morphology genetic_architecture gwas confirms teat_udder score distinct polygenic trait involving varying complex biological_pathway genetic selection improved teat_udder score possible', 'chicken growth trait economically_important relevant genetic_mechanism yet elucidated herein_performed association study identify variant associated growth trait total chicken resource_population phenotyped growth_carcass trait sample genotyped based gb method finally chicken snp remained quality_control removal sex chromosome data used carry gwas analysis total significant polymorphism snp trait detected mapped chromosome chr significant snp found associated trait multiple trait shared significant snp indicating mutation region might large effect multiple growth_carcass trait haplotype analysis_revealed snp within candidate region presented mosaic pattern the significant snp pathway_enrichment analysis_revealed mlnr gene could putative candidate_gene growth_carcass trait the finding study improve_understanding genetic_mechanism regulating chicken growth_carcass trait provide theoretical basis chicken breeding_program', 'marek_disease represents significant global economic animal_welfare issue marek_disease virus_mdv highly contagious oncogenic highly virus infects chicken causing neurological effect tumour formation though partially controlled vaccination continues profound impact animal health poultry_industry genetic selection provides alternative complementary method vaccination however even year study genetic_mechanism underlying resistance_mdv remain poorly_understood the major histocompatability complex mhc known play_role disease_resistance along handful gene study one largest date used approach identify qtl region qtlr influencing resistance_mdv including population advanced_intercross line fsil two elite commercial layer_line differing resistance_mdv information virus challenged chick genome_wide association study_gwas multiple commercial_line candidate genomic element residing qtlr tested association offspring mortality face mdv challenge eight pure_line elite bird qtlr found chicken chromosome candidate_gene mirnas lncrnas potentially functional mutation identified region association test carried qtlr using eight pure_line elite bird numerous candidate genomic element strongly_associated resistance genomic_region significantly_associated resistance_mdv mapped candidate_gene identified various qtlr element shown strong genetic association resistance these_result provide large number significant target mitigating effect mdv infection poultry health economy whether mean selective_breeding improved vaccine design technology', 'disease control prevention critical factor dramatic growth poultry_industry disease_resistance chicken improved genetic selection immunocompetence the ratio blood reflects immune_system status chicken our objective conduct_association study_gwas pathway analysis identify possible biological_mechanism involved trait study_gwas performed cobb broiler identify significant polymorphism snp associated eight snp reached significant level association the significant snp gga chicken chromosome gene complement binding_protein the mutant individual showed_significant difference five identified snp according result pathway analysis nine associated pathway identified combining gwas pathway analysis found snp explained_phenotypic variation snp associated explained much phenotypic_variation our_finding contribute understanding_genetic regulation provide theoretical support', 'newcastle disease global threat domestic poultry especially rural area africa asia loss entire backyard local chicken flock often threatens household food security income investigate genetics ghanaian local chicken_ecotypes newcastle disease_virus ndv study three popular ghanaian chicken_ecotypes regional population challenged lentogenic ndv strain day_age this_study conducted parallel similar study used three popular tanzanian local chicken_ecotypes two companion study united_state using brown commercial_laying bird addition growth_rate ndv response trait measured following infection including antibody_level day dpi viral_load dpi genetic_parameter estimated two association study analysis method used data ghanaian chicken genotyped chicken single_nucleotide polymorphism snp_chip both ghana tanzania ndv challenge study revealed moderate_high estimate_heritability trait except viral clearance heritability_estimate different zero tanzanian ecotypes for ghana study quantitative_trait locus qtl growth response_ndv analysis genomic_region explained genetic_variance using bayes method identified seven window also identified least_one significant snp single snp analysis growth_rate antibody_level viral_load dpi important gene growth stress associated growth_rate identified positional_candidate gene well immune related gene including the qtl identified ghana study overlap identified tanzania study however study revealed qtl gene vital growth immune_response ndv challenge the tanzania parallel study revealed overlapping qtl chromosome viral_load dpi ndv study bird challenged ndv heat_stress this qtl region includes gene related immune_response including tirap the moderate_high estimate_heritability identified qtl suggest host_response ndv local african chicken_ecotypes improved selective_breeding enhance increased ndv resistance vaccine efficacy', 'the genetic_architecture innate fear behavior chicken poorly_understood here_performed quantitative_trait locus qtl analysis innate response tonic immobility open field fear newly hatched chick population native japanese nagoya breed white_leghorn breed using single_nucleotide polymorphism marker obtained restriction dna_sequencing significance_level four qtl trait revealed chromosome two locus effect trait for trait three qtl revealed chromosome the qtl identified showed overlap genomic_region different mode_inheritance the three qtl one qtl exerted antagonistic effect trait the result demonstrated qtl underlie_variation innate behavior', 'several adipocytokines involved_inflammatory immune_response well regulated fat_deposition lipid_metabolism mammal this_study aimed verify polymorphism porcine interleukin interleukin gene ass association intramuscular_fat imf_content fatty_acid composition commercial_crossbred pig two single_nucleotide polymorphism snp porcine locus found segregating crossbred pig furthermore porcine polymorphism found significantly_associated myristic palmitic_palmitoleic eicosadienoic acid level moreover porcine polymorphism significantly_associated imf_content homolinolenic acid level these_result suggest polymorphism porcine gene correlated lipid content composition confirmed importance adipocytokine gene candidate_gene fatty_acid composition muscle pig', 'lamb weight month_age important trait sheep industry term onset_puberty around age however knowledge effective genetic factor limited therefore gwas using performed baluchi sheep identify_genomic region associated weight the result present_study revealed five snp chromosome significance_level jointly accounting total genetic_variance four gene mtpn hydin lrguk found interval around significant snp mtpn involved_regulation skeletal_muscle growth our_result may provide_new vision identify_genomic region affecting growth trait sheep', 'objective milk_production one desirable trait livestock recently receptor tlr identified candidate_gene milk trait cow far information concerning contribution gene milk trait sheep this_study designed_investigate tlr gene polymorphism barki_ewe egypt correlate milk trait order_identify potential single_nucleotide polymorphism snp trait sheep method part ovine tlr gene amplified barki_ewe identify snp consequently barki_ewe genotyped using polymerase_chain strand_conformation polymorphism protocol these genotype correlated milk trait daily milk_yield dmy protein_percentage fat_percentage lactose percentage total_solid percentage tsp result age parity ewe significant effect dmy tsp the direct sequencing identified missense_mutation located coding_sequence gene predicted change_amino acid sequence resulted protein the association analysis suggested significant effect tlr genotype dmy tended influenced well interestingly presence allele tended increase dmy significantly decreased tsp conclusion the result study suggested receptor candidate_gene improve milk trait sheep worldwide enhance ability understand_genetic architecture gene underlying snp affect trait', 'the search genetic_determinism prolificacy variability sheep evidenced several major mutation gene playing crucial_role control ovulation_rate noire velay sheep population recent genetic study evidenced segregation mutation named fecl however based litter_size record fecl ewe segregation second prolificacy major mutation suspected population order_identify mutation combined association study ovine snp_chip genotyping whole_genome sequencing functional analysis new single_nucleotide polymorphism located chromosome upstream gene evidenced highly associated prolificacy variability the variant allele called fecx shown segregate also blanche massif central bmc sheep population bmc fecx allele_frequency estimated close effect estimated lamb per lambing heterozygous state homozygous_fecx carrier ewe fertile increased prolificacy contrast numerous mutation affecting molecular level fecx shown decrease promoter_activity supposed impact expression oocyte this regulatory action proposed causal mechanism fecx mutation control ovulation_rate prolificacy sheep', 'mammal melatonin_receptor gene widely studied since great influence reproductive trait however_little known association polymorphism coding_region gene oestrus litter_size small_tail han_sheep better_understand effect single_nucleotide polymorphism snp population polymorphism analysis conducted using genotyping data sheep breed around world the result_indicated dominant genotype sheep breed the association snp reproductive_seasonality litter_size small_tail han_sheep showed correlated fecundity assessed reproductive_seasonality litter_size bioinformatics_analysis indicated change_amino acid ile leu may affect function protein impacting secondary tertiary protein structure the present result_demonstrate could_used selection litter_size small_tail han_sheep', 'the number_teat trait great_economic relevance affect mothering_ability sow thus number properly weaned_piglet moreover genetic_improvement trait fundamental parallelly help selection increased litter_size present result association study number_teat two large cohort heavy_pig breed italian_large white italian_landrace including animal genotyped ggp porcine_beadchip animal genotyped_illumina beadchip italian_large white population genome_scan identified three genome region confirmed involvement vrtn gene previously_reported highlighted additional locus known affect teat_count including gene region different picture emerged italian_landrace population total genome region eight chromosome mainly detected via genome_scan the relevant qtl close gene marker vrtn gene region significant italian_landrace breed the use association analysis helpful exploit dissect genome pig different population overall obtained result supported polygenic_nature investigated trait better elucidated genetic_architecture italian_heavy pig', 'semen trait crucial commercial_pig production since semen boar widely used artificial_insemination purebred_crossbred pig production revealing genetic_architecture semen trait potentially promotes efficiency improving semen trait artificial_selection this_study aimed_identify candidate_gene related semen trait duroc_boar first identified gene significantly_associated three semen trait including sperm_motility sperm_concentration con semen_volume vol duroc_boar population association study_gwas second performed weighted gene network analysis wgcna total polymorphism found significantly_associated con vol respectively based haplotype_block analysis identified one genetic region associated explained genetic trait variance located_within region considered candidate_gene regulating another genetic region explaining con genetic_variance identified region cic detected candidate_gene two genetic region accounted vol genetic_variance identified two region pelo identified candidate_gene wgcna analysis showed among candidate_gene pelo located_within significant module eigengenes confirming candidate_gene role_regulating semen trait duroc_boar the identification candidate_gene help_better understand_genetic architecture semen trait boar our_finding applied semen trait improvement duroc_boar', 'polymorphism milk_protein gene proposed candidate marker dairy production trait cattle present_study polymorphism detected promoter_region bovine lalba gene transition located nucleotide relative transcription_start site recognizable psti restriction endonuclease silico_analysis showed mutation created novel retinoid receptor alpha vitamin receptor transcription_factor binding_site pcr found cow different genetic variant promoter demonstrated different level expression lalba mrna milk somatic_cell msc the genotype cow demonstrated low expression whereas demonstrated much_higher expression elisa analysis found milk lalba protein level also differed cow level correlated mrna_abundance msc association analysis found polymorphism promoter_region lalba gene influenced milk_production trait polish cow high daily milk_yield dry_matter yield high lactose_yield concentration associated genotype the genotype cow also lower number somatic_cell milk considered indicator udder_health status therefore genotype could desirable breeder perspective', 'performed association study fine_mapping using two method single marker regression frequentist approach bayesian bayesc fitting selected single_nucleotide polymorphism snp bayesian framework three snp_chip platform analyze milk_production phenotype korean_holstein cattle identified four significant snp phenotype single marker regression_model bos_taurus autosome_bta milk_yield adjusted fat_yield respectively bta adjusted protein_yield bta somatic_cell score_sc using bayesc model discovered significant window region harbored additive_genetic variance effect four milk_production phenotype the concordant significant snp window region characterized quantitative_trait locus qtl among qtl region focused gene diacylglycerol newly_identified gene phosphodiesterase anoctamin observed involved glycerolipid metabolism fat digestion absorption metabolic_pathway retinol metabolism involved camp signaling our_finding suggest candidate_gene qtl strongly related physiological mechanism related fat production consequent total korean_holstein cattle', 'the_aim study identify candidate_gene associated milk fat per_cent fatty_acid composition vrindavani cattle using_illumina polymorphism snp_array after_quality control total informative snp used association study_gwas milk fat_percentage different type fatty_acid lactation_stage parity test day milk_yield proportion exotic inheritance included_fixed effect gwas model total significant snp suggestive significant snp identified out snp associated one trait the strongest_association found milk fat_percentage polyunsaturated_fatty acid several significant snp identified close within gene known associated fat_percentage composition dairy_cattle breed this_study step_forward better characterize molecular_mechanism phenotypic_variation milk_fatty acid composite cattle breed reared tropical_environment', 'ketosis one frequent metabolic disease dairy_cow characterized high concentration ketone body blood urine milk causing high economic_loss the search polymorphic gene whose allele different effect resistance developing disease extreme importance help_select le_susceptible animal the_aim study identify_genomic region associated clinical_subclinical ketosis concentration north_american holstein_dairy cattle investigate region identify candidate_gene metabolic_pathway associated trait achieve gwas_performed trait clinical_ketosis lactation clinical_ketosis lactation_subclinical ketosis_lactation subclinical_ketosis lactation the estimated_breeding value cow bull deregressed used pseudophenotypes gwas the genomic_region explaining largest_proportion genetic_variance investigated putative gene associated trait functional analysis region interest identified chromosome clinical_ketosis lactation clinical_ketosis lactation_subclinical ketosis_lactation subclinical_ketosis lactation the highlighted gene potentially related clinical_subclinical ketosis included enrichment_analysis list candidate_gene clinical_subclinical ketosis showed molecular function biological_process involved fatty_acid metabolism lipid_metabolism inflammatory_response dairy_cattle several genomic_region snp related susceptibility_ketosis dairy_cattle previously_described study confirmed the novel genomic_region identified study aid characterize important gene pathway explain susceptibility clinical_subclinical ketosis_dairy cattle', 'sole ulcer sus white line disease wld two common noninfectious_claw lesion nicl arise due compromised horn production frequent cause_lameness dairy_cattle imposing welfare profitability concern low_moderate heritability_estimate wld susceptibility indicate genetic selection could reduce prevalence identify susceptibility locus wld_wld type noninfectious_claw lesion association study_gwas performed_using generalized_linear mixed_model glmm regression association testing cbat random_forest approach cow five commercial dairy california classified control lameness record year old case wld_wld wld type noninfectious_claw lesion the top single_nucleotide polymorphism snp defined passing suggestive_significance threshold glmm analysis validated model considered important effect top snp quantified using_bayesian estimation linkage_disequilibrium block_defined top snp explored candidate_gene previously identified functionally relevant quantitative_trait locus the glmm cbat approach revealed region association common wld_wld nicl these snp effect significantly different zero block_defined explained significant amount_phenotypic variance dataset indicating small notable contribution region susceptibility these region contained candidate_gene involved wound_healing skin lesion bone growth mineralization adipose_tissue keratinization the block_defined significant snp included snp previously associated the model overfitted indicating snp effect small thereby preventing meaningful interpretation snp downstream analysis these_finding suggested variant associated various physiological system may_contribute susceptibility nicl demonstrating complexity genetic_predisposition', 'bos_indicus breed sahiwal famous optimum performance far genetically improved performance trait based phenotypic_record genomic knowhow regarding gene region biological_process underlying_complex quantitative_trait lacking context association study performed fertility growth trait sahiwal cattle shed_light genomic profile total snp found associated trait suggestive threshold lrpprc identified putative candidate_gene body_weight different age however several gene mapped growth trait like significant physiological underpinnings determining fertility animal moreover quantitative_trait locus qtl identification revealed potential overlap already_reported qtls fertility growth trait further candidate snp enrichment_analysis revealed enriched biological_process birth_weight significant reproductive role based finding genetic linkage underlying fertility growth could discerned sahiwal population may utilized improving fertility trait future', 'background rainbow_trout significant fish farming specie temperate climate female_reproduction trait play_important role economy breeding_company sale fertilized egg the_objective study threefold estimate genetic_parameter female_reproduction trait determine genetic_architecture trait identification quantitative_trait locus qtl ass expected efficiency selection blup genomic_selection trait result pedigreed population trout genotyped snp marker phenotyped seven trait year age spawning_date female body_weight spawning spawn_weight egg number spawn egg average weight average diameter genetic_parameter estimated linear animal model heritability_estimate moderate varying the female body_weight genetically_correlated reproduction trait spawn_weight showed strong favourable genetic_correlation number egg spawn individual egg size trait egg number uncorrelated egg size trait the association study showed trait polygenic since le genetic_variance explained cumulative effect qtls trait qtls detected explained genetic_variance genomic_selection based reference_population one_thousand individual related candidate would improve efficiency blup selection depending trait conclusion_our genetic_parameter estimate made unlikely hypothesis selection growth could induce indirect improvement female_reproduction trait thus important consider direct selection spawn_weight improving egg_production trait rainbow_trout breeding_program due_low proportion genetic_variance explained qtls detected reproduction trait marker_assisted selection effective however genomic_selection would_allow significant gain accuracy compared selection', 'background genetic_improvement fillet quality_attribute priority aquaculture_industry muscle composition impact quality_attribute flavor appearance texture juiciness fat_moisture make tissue weight the genetic_architecture underlying fat_moisture content muscle still fully explored fish gene transcribed snp_chip used genotyping fish available phenotypic_data fat_moisture content genotyped fish obtained two consecutive_generation produced national center cool cold_water aquaculture ncccwa breeding_program estimate snp effect weighted_gblup wssgblup used_perform association_gwa analysis identify_quantitative trait locus qtl associated studied trait result using genomic sliding_window adjacent snp snp identified associated fat_moisture content respectively chromosome harbored highest number snp explaining least genetic_variation fat_moisture content total common snp chromosome affected aforementioned trait association suggests common mechanism_underlying intramuscular_fat moisture_content additionally based gwa_analysis snp identified association fat_moisture content respectively conclusion gene primarily involved_lipid metabolism cytoskeleton remodeling protein turnover this work provides putative snp marker could prioritized used genomic_selection breeding_program', 'morphological trait great importance dairy goat production given effect phenotype economic_interest however underlying genomic architecture yet extensively characterized herein aimed_identify genomic_region associated body udder leg_conformation trait recorded goat genotyped resource_population using beadchip_illumina san_diego performed association analysis using gemma_software found significant association marker capra hircus chi chi medial suspensory ligament contrast detect significant association body leg trait moreover found significant association udder body leg trait respectively comparison data previous_study revealed low level positional_concordance region associated morphological trait addition technical factor lack concordance could due substantial level genetic heterogeneity among breed strong polygenic background morphological trait make difficult detect genetic factor small phenotypic effect', 'the mineral composition bovine milk play_important role determining nutritional_value concentration main mineral predicted spectrum produced milk recording combined cow genotype provide unique opportunity decipher genetic_determinism trait the present_study included million prediction citrate content montbéliarde_cow genotype data available all investigated trait highly_heritable exception association study_gwas detected qtl affecting two five trait positional_candidate gene variant mostly_located sequence silico_analysis highlighted variant could regulatory snp altering transcription_factor binding_site located rna mainly lncrna furthermore found positional_candidate gene tfs highly_expressed mammary_gland compared bovine tissue among gene ankh encoding protein involved ion transport located significant qtl this_study therefore highlight comprehensive set functional_candidate gene variant affect milk mineral_content', 'copy_number variation cnvs major_source structural variation mammalian genome here characterized cnv sheep population world using ovine infinium snp beadchip tested association distinct phenotypic trait conducting multiple independent test total detected unique cnvs cnv event cnv region cnvrs covering_whole sheep genome identified seven cnvrs frequency correlating geographical origin cnvrs overlapping known quantitative_trait locus qtls gene_ontology pathway_enrichment analysis gene revealed common involvement energy_metabolism endocrine regulation nervous_system development cell_proliferation immune reproduction for phenotypic trait detected significantly_associated adjusted cnvrs harboring functional_candidate gene polycerate tail weight supernumerary nipple ear_size wadi sheep sheep icelandic finnsheep mica romanov texel_sheep litter_size these cnvs associated gene important marker molecular breeding sheep livestock_specie', 'body_size important_indicator growth health sheep present_study performed association study_gwas detect significant polymorphism snp associated sheep body_size after genotyping parental offspring generation nucleus herd meat production sheep conducting gwas body_height chest_circumference body_length tail length_tail width two group snp associated body_height snp correlated chest_circumference identified chromosomal significance_level snp significantly_correlated body_length tail length_width four snp found located_within gene kitlg considered candidate functional gene related body_height candidate functional gene related chest_circumference the snp found gwas verified using generation nucleus herd meat production nine product amplified around site snp found mutation site mutation downstream mutation upstream mutation downstream significantly_correlated body_height reporter gene experiment showed snp could significantly impact gene transcription activity', 'association study_gwas performed identify new single_nucleotide polymorphism snp gene associated mastitis_resistance assaf sheep using_illumina ovine snp beadchip total record multiparous assaf ewe least three test day record aged year old used_estimate corrected phenotype somatic_cell score_sc then ewe selected top bottom tail corrected sc phenotype distribution used gwas although significant snp found genome level four snp significant chromosome level fdr two different region the snp located_intron close gene apart three snp totally linked located apart gene these three gene related immune_system response these_result validated two snp total population kompetitive pcr kasp_genotyping furthermore also associated lactose content', 'gastrointestinal_nematode gin_infection negative_impact animal health_welfare production information molecular study highlight underlying genetic_mechanism enhance host_resistance gin however information often lack traditionally_managed indigenous livestock here analysed single_nucleotide polymorphism genotype gin infected traditionally_managed autochthonous tunisian sheep grazing communal natural pasture population structure analysis find genetic differentiation consistent infection_status however contrasting infected versus cohort using roh fst identified candidate region overlapped least two method nineteen region harboured qtls parasite_resistance immune_capacity disease susceptibility ten region harboured qtls production growth meat carcass fatness anatomy trait the analysis also revealed candidate region spanning gene enhancing innate_immune defence intestinal wound gin expulsion our_result suggest traditionally_managed indigenous sheep evolved multiple strategy evoke enhance gin resistance developmental stability they confirm importance obtaining information indigenous sheep investigate genomic_region functional significance understanding architecture gin resistance', 'animal temperament defined consistent behavioral physiological difference seen individual response stressor neurotransmitter system like serotonin oxytocin central nervous_system underlie_variation behavioral trait human animal variation like single_nucleotide polymorphism snp gene tryptophan serotonin transporter serotonin receptor oxytocin receptor oxtr associated behavioral_phenotype human thus objective_study identify snp gene test variation associated temperament merino_sheep using ewe university western australia temperament flock selected emotional_reactivity generation eight snp oxtr found distributed differently calm nervous sheep these eight snp genotyped sheep_flock never selected emotional_reactivity followed estimation behavioral trait sheep using arena test isolation box test found several snp strong_linkage disequilibrium associated behavioral_phenotype nonselected sheep similarly also associated behavioral_phenotype']

# Compute TF-IDF
tfidf_vec = TfidfVectorizer(ngram_range=(1, 1), stop_words='english')
tfidf_matrix = tfidf_vec.fit_transform(trigram_text)

tfidf_scores = np.asarray(tfidf_matrix.mean(axis=0)).flatten()
tfidf_word = dict(zip(tfidf_vec.get_feature_names_out(), tfidf_scores))

# Sort highest ranked words
top_words = sorted(tfidf_word.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)[:10]
top_words_list, top_scores_list = zip(*top_words)

for word, score in top_words:
    print(f"{word}: {round(score, 4)}")

qtl: 0.069
snp: 0.056
trait: 0.0492
gene: 0.0401
association: 0.0299
significant: 0.0283
region: 0.0278
chromosome: 0.0268
associated: 0.0265
effect: 0.0252

file_name = "Trait dictionary.txt"
final_path = os.path.join(file_path, file_name) 

# Read trait dictionary file
with open(final_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as file:
    trait_phrases = set([phrase.lower().strip() for phrase in file if phrase.strip()])

print(f"Number of good phrases in the trait dictionary: {len(trait_phrases)}")
print(trait_phrases)

Number of good phrases in the trait dictionary: 22719
{'splenocyte apoptosis trait', 'female reproductive system morphology', 'total milk casein amount', 'number of mature b cells', 'sciatic nerve morphology', 'somite development', 'milk fatty acid c18:3 n-3', 'serum chloride level', 'percentage of study population developing trigeminal nerve malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors during a period of time', 'gizzard morphology', 'placenta labyrinth', 'the weight of both kidneys', 'ratio of the count of pancreatic islets with peripheral duct and vessel inflammatory infiltrate only to total pancreatic islet count', 'wrisberg ganglia morphology', 'small intestine', 'primitive streak formation', 'circular sinus morphology', 'facial nerve', 'serum level of immunoglobulin', 'liver sterol', 'milk nitrogen concentration', 'tibial area', 'bone morphological', 'urine catecholamine level', 'area of individual liver tumorous lesion', 'erythroblast count', 'kidney pyramid morphology', 'blood angiotensin ii', 'brain physiology measurement', 'intraepithelial t-lymphocyte', 'hippocampus development trait', 'wool fiber', 'growth hormone secretion trait', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic t lymphocyte morphology', 'heart muscle cell number', 'interleukin-10 physiology trait', 'double-positive t cell morphology', 'right kidney wet weight to body weight ratio', 'rdw', 'adipose androstenone', 'lens morphology trait', 'cd25 cell', 'serum aspartate aminotransferase activity', 'serum intermediate density lipoprotein phospholipid', 'blood glycerol level', 'blood cd45rchigh cd4+ t cell', 'retroperitoneal fat pad weight', 'spleen periarteriolar lymphoid sheath', 'lge', 'serum idl level', 'placenta morphological measurement', 'respiratory alveolus development', 'cd45r+ thymic lymphocyte count', 'tibia length', 'hypertrophic chondrocyte zone width', 'chronic pancreatitis incidence/prevalence', 'myocardial morphology trait', 'mammary tumor incidence/prevalence', 'functional nipple', 'adipose fatty acid c20:2 content', 'respiratory alveoli', 'avoidance learning behavior', 'saline drink intake volume', 'the number of fetuses lost perinatally', 'squamo-parietal suture morphology', 'bronchiole branching trait', 'cochlear microphonics', "schwalbe's ring morphology", 'enterocyte morphology', 'kidney glutathione reductase activity to total protein level ratio', 'pancreas wet weight', 'area of prostate occupied by tumorous lesions as percentage of total prostate', 'malpighian pyramid size', 't lymphocyte anergy', 'vomer bone morphology trait', 'spongy substance', 'nephron morphology trait', 'tonsil', 'food calorie intake', 'blood triiodothyronine to thyroxine ratio', 'serum interleukin-6', 'splenic follicular dendritic cell network', 'transverse gyrus of heschl morphology', 't cell receptor alpha chain v-j joining', 'mucous neck cell', 'novel object', 'tympanic cavity epithelium thickness', 'number of immature b-lymphocytes', 'blood vessel receptor-independent maximum contractility', 'serum level of immunoglobulin g2b', 'igg3 concentration', 'serum triacylglycerol', 'tumor measurement', 'plasma ace activity level', 'uterus rna composition measurement', 'cranial ganglion v morphology', 'aortic wall protein/peptide composition', 'mononuclear phagocyte morphology trait', 'heart elastic fiber morphology', 'meat water holding capacity', 'milk fatty acid c22:6 n-3', 'adipocyte maximal glucose uptake', 'calculated renal blood flow rate', 'coagulated milk firming rate', 'bone marrow cavity development trait', 'choroid plexus morphology trait', 't cell receptor delta chain v-d-j recombination', 'ifn-gamma inducing factor secretion', 'pelvic girdle', 'blood ggt activity', 'blood sterol level', 'lymphoid system morphology trait', 'memory b cell physiology trait', 'stratum cylindricum morphology trait', 'stomach measurement', 'superior vagus ganglion of the vagus (x) nerve morphology trait', 'blood dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase activity', 'ipsp', 'nk t-cell physiology trait', 'vasculogenesis', 'meat cooking loss trait', 'thymus trabeculae', 'pupil orientation', 'motor neuron target finding', 'palatal shelf morphology trait', 'labia minora size', 'milk xanthine oxidoreductase concentration', 'mature gamma-delta t lymphocyte number', 'spiral ganglion morphology trait', 'serum gpx activity', 'uvea morphology', 'inner hair cell sterocilia number', 'teat morphology', 't-helper 2 cell morphology', 'nose morphology trait', 'circulating il-12 p70', 'platelet aggregation trait', 'the total number of offspring', 'iris cell number', 'urine taurine measurement', 'adipocyte nefa secretion measurement', 'vestibular membrane', 'blood th1-like cell count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'bulbourethral gland dry', 'oligodendrocyte', 'skin k+', 'enteric neuron', 'blood hemoglobin a1c', 'skin chloride amount', 'organ system trait', 'calculated lymphocyte tracer radioactivity measurement', 'blood cholesterol level', 'islet of langerhans tumorous lesion measurement', 'blood immunoglobulin', 'mesenteric lymph node morphology trait', 'both suprarenal glands wet', 'thalamus morphology trait', 'excitatory postsynaptic current', 'serum igm-rf level normalized', 'cerebellum cell', 'blood ldh activity', 'blood non-specified leukocyte', 'egg aftertaste', 'vitreous lamella morphology', 'cochlear canal morphology', 'calculated plasma escherichia coli specific antibody', 'serum levels of thyrotropin', 'egg cylinder morphology', 'duodenum crypt of lieberkuhn', 'eosinophil physiology', 'claudius cell', 'early pro-b cell quantity', 'cerebrospinal fluid amount', 'cardiac septum morphology trait', 'erythrocyte shape trait', 'ampullary crest neuroepithelium morphology', 'olfactory neuron', 'ventricular papillary muscle', 'blood low density lipoprotein triglyceride level', 'corneal stroma', 'corpus luteum morphology trait', 'ligamentum spirale cochleae', 'adipose tetradecanoic acid concentration', 'total milk mineral', 'cerebrovascular system integrity trait', 'synaptic plasticity', 'milk odor intensity', 'milk monounsaturated fatty acid composition', 'epiphysial plate proliferative zone morphology trait', 'splenic b cell corona morphology', 'hse incidence', 'total plasma bilirubin', 'gaba neuron morphology trait', 'dendritic cell quantity', 'hair-down cell innervation pattern trait', 'blood hormone content', 'occipital bone morphology trait', 'immune serum protein amount', 'photopic response', 'daily spermatozoa', 'plasma aldosterone level', 'single kidney wet weight to body weight ratio', 'front foot phalanges count', 'clonal deletion trait', 'malignant colorectal neoplasm number', 'arm span', 'blood glomerular filtration rate', "bruch's membrane morphology", 'eustachian tube morphology trait', 'heart lesion', 'blood oxidized glutathione level', 'milk saturated fatty acid content', 'blood vessel', 'plasma igg', 'inferior olive morphology', 'blood interleukin-4', 'floccular fossa morphology trait', 'absolute change in the angle of a tilted plane at which balance/traction is lost', 'anterior nares morphology trait', 'myocardial clearance rate', 'vitreous membrane', 'female fertility', 'bone mineralization trait', 'body length, nose', 't cell receptor beta chain v-d-j recombination', 'ciliary body morphology', 'poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma surface area', 'b cell progenitor morphology', 'percentage of study population developing herpes simplex encephalitis during a period of time', 'spine morphology trait', 'benign colorectal tumor surface area', 'liver integrity trait', "reichert's membrane morphology trait", 'milk fatty acid c9:0 concentration', 'mge morphology trait', 'enamel cell development trait', 'seminal vesicle', 'immune cell cellular extravasation', 'limb bud morphology trait', "cowper's gland morphology trait", 'mesencephalic vesicle morphology trait', 'blood interleukin-15', 'mesencephalic duct morphology trait', 'serum vldl-c level', 'serum anti-bovine type ii collagen antibody', 'adipose fatty acid cis-9-c18:1 percentage', 'milk capric acid', 't-helper 2 cell morphology trait', 'cochlear outer hair cell physiology', 'percentage of study population displaying spleen fibrosis at a point in time', 'heart left ventricle wall thickness', 'ltp: ca1 region', 'milk total calcium content', 'limb muscle morphology', 'alveolar bone morphology trait', 'infection', 'percentage of study population developing experimental autoimmune neuritis during a period of time', 'ovary cell', 'blood enzyme level', 'milk conjugated linoleic acid', 'percentage of study population developing trigeminal nerve neurilemmomas during a period of time', 'hepatic lipid', 'blood immunoglobulin g1', 'vaginal epithelium morphology', 'memory b-cell morphology trait', 'kidney lpo', 'anus morphology', 'circulating il-23b level', 'forelimb muscle morphology', 'blood hdl triglyceride', 'intestinal goblet cell morphology trait', 'follicular dendritic cell morphology', 'bmi using nose to rump body', 'muscle fatty acid cis-11-c20:1', 'meat cis-vaccenic acid content', 'igg2c concentration', 'cervical vertebral column length', 'brain norepinephrine amount', 'bone section mineralized tissue surface', 'heart angiotensin i converting enzyme 2 activity level', 'calculated heart left ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid', 'peripheral nervous system', 'crop', 'aortic wall morphological', 'forebrain morphology', 'lumbar vertebra cortical cross-sectional area', 'blood interleukin measurement', 'blood hdl cholesterol', 'total wbc count', 'qtc interval', 'plasma alpha-1-acid glycoprotein', 'igg1 concentration', 'neuronal golgi apparatus measurement', 'stab form leukocyte count', 'both ovaries dry', 'parasympathetic nervous system physiology', 'brain spike-wave activity', 'blood ethanol', 'behavioral response to novel object', 'plasma glucagon level', 'fibula', 'lymph node wet', 'atrial symmetry', 'somatic nervous system physiology trait', 'calculated vocalisation measurement', 'liver ribonucleic acid composition measurement', 'blood thyroid-stimulating hormone', 'mean circumferential fiber shortening rate', 'cardiac output trait', 'dressed carcass subdivision', 'maximum breathing capacity', 'serum gsh-px activity level', 'cochlear hair bundle horizontal top connectors morphology trait', 'inflammatory exudate lxa4', 'platelet size trait', 'medullary sinus', 'heart effluent measurement', 'plasma conjugated bilirubin level', 'suprarenal gland morphological', 'tarsometatarsus', 'gall bladder size', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence', 'the effective renal plasma flow', 'pituitary gland tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence', 'submandibular gland morphology trait', 'primitive erythrocyte morphology', 'b-cell receptor editing', 'ovary wet', 'blood fructosamine level', 'systolic blood pressure variability', 'erythrocyte burst-promoting factor secretion', 'neonatal body', 'vestibular hair cell physiology trait', 'exploratory behavior trait', 'pancreatic tissue protein/peptide composition measurement', 'ratio of area occupied by beta cells to total pancreatic islet area', 'disease process measurement', 'blood potassium', 'body region fat morphological', 'sensory dissociation area morphology trait', 'circulating interleukin-23 p40 level', 'vermal uvula morphology', 'malt morphology', 'thyroid cartilage', 'femur area', 'tyrosinase activity', 'nucleus accumbens morphology trait', 'bulbuorethral gland ductal cell number', 'superior colliculus', 'brain type i spike-and-wave discharge severity grade', 'basal ganglion morphology trait', 'fibula area', 't cell dependent paracortex morphology', 'bilateral testis tumor incidence/prevalence', 'common lymphocyte progenitor cell morphology trait', 'absolute change in partial pressure of blood oxygen', 'milk potassium', 'oval corpuscle size', 'circulating il-1 level', 'kidney g6pd activity', 'number of rearing movements with lid-pushing in an experimental apparatus', 'jejunum muscle thickness', 'sarcomere length', 'hematuria incidence/prevalence', 'ocular fundus', 'depth of mammary gland fissure', 'mast cell function', 'adrenal gland wet weight', 'arterial stenosis measurement', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,cis-12-c18:2 concentration', 'chemical nociception trait', 'intestine morphological', 'muscle electrophysiology', 'kidney edema incidence', 'change in left ventricular systolic blood pressure', 'moma-1 positive cell', 'count of non-categorized leukocytes', 'frontoparietal suture morphology', 'branchial arch development trait', 'cn-xii', 'axial skeleton morphology', 'midbrain/pons dopamine amount', 'blood cd45rchigh cd4 t cell', 'latency to locate a visible target platform in an experimental apparatus', 'bulbourethral gland ductal cell quantity', 'bone marrow cavity', 'urine calcium', 'superficial glomerulus', 'central pattern generator physiology', 'unk cell number', 'circulating interleukin-16 level', 'scrotum circumference', 'blood gbp--28', 'transitional stage b lymphocyte number', 'respiratory mucosa goblet cell morphology trait', 'vestibular hair cell stereocilia number', 'phenylephrine-induced blood vessel constriction expressed', 'neuronal precursor differentiation trait', 'milk caprylic acid', 'circulating il2', 'thymus ribonucleic acid composition', 'somatic sympathetic system morphology trait', 'stomach epithelium morphology trait', 'drink intake rate', 'adipose 7-octadecenoic acid', 'corneal stroma morphology trait', 'liver copper concentration', 'colliculus size', 'mean duration of a single type i spike-and-wave discharge train', 'muscle iron', 'milk lauroleic acid percentage', 'tibia cortical bone midshaft cross-sectional area', 'blood orosomucoid 1', 'lipid metabolism trait', 'blood insulin auc', 'meat saturated fatty acid', 'lens capsule', 'rt6.1+ t cell count', 'egg shell color', 'blood immunoglobulin g2b amount', 'myocardial cell morphology', 'urine electrolyte', 'clitoris morphology', 'aer development', 'ldl cholesterol level', 'belly muscle percentage', 'membrane electric potential gradient', 'both testes dry weight', 'food intake weight, single feeding', 'mean pulmonary artery (pa) pressure', 'blood alanine aminotransferase activity level', 'nasal mucosa morphology trait', 'late pro-b cell quantity', 'sinus venosus morphology trait', 'spinal nerve', 'female reproductive system morphology trait', 'jejunum glandular crypt width', 'semimembranosus muscle', 'ltp', 'mammary gland width', 'ureter luminal epithelial cell', 'calculated intramuscular fat', 'milk plasmin amount', 'corticotropin', 'milk fatty acid c18:3 n-3 concentration', 'parasite size measurement', 'blood phosphate level', 'angiogenesis', 'logarithm of the total number of cfu in effusion plus wash', 'areola', 'blood hemoglobin amount', 'medulla oblongata 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid amount', 'calculated kidney medulla protein composition', 'positive t cell selection', 'basement lamina formation', 'blood vessel contractility measurement', 'mesenteric artery phosphylated enos protein level', 'circulating adreniline concentration', 'total body fat volume', 'pecquet duct morphology', 'cerebellum cell quantity', 'modiolus size', 'forelimb integrity', 'pancreatic islet area as percentage of total pancreatic area', 'upper jaw', 'connective tissue protein', 'spinal cord size', 'lumbar vertebra area', 'palatine palatal process', 'carbohydrate absorption', 'muscle glycogen', 'corpora quadrigemina morphology', 'midbrain/pons 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid amount', 'inflammatory exudate polymorphonuclear leukocyte count', 'squamosal bone morphology', 'kidney ribonucleic acid composition measurement', 't cell maturation', 'drumstick muscle weight', 'adipose 7-octadecenoic acid concentration', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue', 'blood angii', 'skin chloride ion', 'brain ventricle measurement', 'blood chylomicron triglyceride amount', 'anterior prostate morphology', 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue morphology trait', 'shoulder size trait', 'blood cell measurement', 'pulse', 'parotid gland', 'blood fibrinogen level', 't-lymphocyte morphology', 'neutrophil leukocyte physiology', 'mgi-2 secretion', 'change in rsna', 'adrenal gland morphology', 'myotome development', 'cardiac looping morphogenesis', 'sphenoparietal suture morphology', 'teat shape', 'spleen follicle centre morphology', 'intraepithelial t cell', 'homotypical cortex', 'tissue protein', 'urinary system physiology trait', 't cell receptor v(d)j rearrangement', 'head movement trait', 'urine protein level', 'calculated daily sperm count', 'choroid', 'pancreatic beta cell morphology trait', 'renal fat pad morphology trait', 'absolute change in ecg lf/hf', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,trans-14-c18:2', 'balt', 'lower jaw', 'malar bone morphology trait', 'double negative t cell morphology trait', 'meat trans-16-octadecenoic acid', 'effector t-lymphocyte', 'craniosacral system morphology', 'testis rna composition', 'coagulating gland morphology', 'eosinophilic leucocyte', 'respiratory alveolus', 'helper t-lymphocyte type 1 cell', 'mature b-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'circulating interleukin', 'total fat body', 'urine sodium amount', 'tarsal bone morphology trait', 'myeloblast morphology trait', 'right atrial morphology', 'calculated lymph node weight', 'limbic system', 'renal tubule size', 'brain epinephrine amount', 'percentage of study population displaying pyometritis at a point in time', 'liver tumorous lesion number to liver area ratio', 'ventricle of rhombencephalon morphology', 'posterior limiting lamina of cornea morphology trait', 'calculated cerebral artery inner diameter', 'meat eicosenoic acid', 'renal tubular degeneration incidence/prevalence', 'pulmonary alveolar duct morphology trait', 'number of ruptures of internal elastic laminae in arteries', 'granulocyte quantity', 'smooth muscle contractility trait', 'delta hct', 'serum levels of fsh', 'liver fibrosis size', 'blood very low density lipoprotein triglyceride', 'malignant hepatic tumor incidence', 'pituitary tumor growth rate', 'brain interneuron morphology trait', 'tibia bone mineral content', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c18', 'cervical vertebra height', 'phenylephrine half maximal effective concentration (ec50)', 'circulating follicle stimulating hormone', 'calculated heart right ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid', 'liver size measurement', 'blood ldh activity level', 'deltoid tuberosity', 'serum igm-rf titer', 'type 1 helper t cell to type 2 helper t cell ratio as', 'longissimus dorsi', 'superior vena cava morphology', 'colorectal adenocarcinoma', 'pacinian corpuscle morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,trans-11-c18:2 percentage', 'number of langerhans cells', 'tarsus morphology trait', 'left ventricular morphology trait', 'tibia midshaft cortical thickness', 'plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 level', 'liver edema incidence/prevalence measurement', 'follicular dendritic cell', 'red blood cell shape', 'calculated kidney glomerulus', 'dressed carcass muscle weight', 'digit morphology', 'heart left ventricle end-diastolic ventral wall thickness', 'brain spike-and-wave discharge', 'logarithm of the lesioned side motor neuron count to contralateral side motor neuron count ratio', 'blood ferritin amount', 'prostate tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence measurement', 'adipose distribution trait', 'poorly differentiated malignant colorectal neoplasm incidence', 'blood adipoq amount', 'muscle nitrogen amount', 'immunoglobulin level', 'milk omega-6 fatty acid concentration', 'anterior eye segment', 'ratio of glomerular area occupied by activated mesangial cells to total glomerular', 'calculated heart rv dna', 't cell development trait', 'ptp', 'head and neck tumor', 'interneuron quantity', 'muscle free fatty acid (ffa) level', 'jejunal smooth muscle contractility trait', 'abdominal lymph node morphology', 'inflammatory exudate total protein level', 'neutrophil', 'lymphocyte anergy trait', 't cell domain of the splenic white pulp', 'lumbar vertebra strength', 'macrophage development', 'inflammatory exudate tnf-alpha', 'anti-nuclear antigen antibody', 'palmar eccrine gland', 'teat number', 'muscle ribonucleic acid amount', 'cerebrovascular lesion prevalence', 'plasma superoxide dismutase activity level', 'cd8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t cell morphology trait', 'eosinophil count', 'pigmented coat/hair area to total coat/hair area ratio', 'urine aldosterone excretion rate', 'milk xor', 'cd4+ t-cell', 'intracranial ganglion morphology', 'malignant colorectal cancer prevalence', 'outflow tract morphology', 'calculated liver fibrotic lesion area', 'plasma anti-deoxyribonucleic acid antibody level', 'thymus physiology', 'tumor', 'vestibular membrane morphology', 'qa', 't cell receptor delta chain v(d)j recombination', 'ileal smooth muscle contractility trait', 'segmented neutrophil', 'corneal thickness trait', 'male reproductive system physiology trait', 'nk cell morphology trait', 'locate a visible target platform in an experimental apparatus', 'calculated tibia bone volume', 'rhinencephalon morphology', 'circulating tnf level', 'circulating il7', 'eosinocyte morphology', 'external auditory canal', 'jejunum mucosa', 'blood very low density lipoprotein cholesterol', 'thigh size trait (poultry)', 'middle ear morphological', 'oviduct size', 'yolk sac vasculature', 'serum anti-double-stranded dna antibody', 'cochlear canal', 'mandibular nerve morphology', 'sternebra morphology', 'brain activity', 'maternal age at birth of first offspring', 'blood phosphate amount', 'nasopharynx morphology', 'venous sinus of sclera morphology trait', 'area of liver occupied by hepatocellular carcinomas', 'secretion of crh', 'percent of time spent in voluntary immobility', 'urine ketone body', 'nociception system physiology trait', 'forelimb zeugopod', 'pulmonary valve configuration trait', 'cochlear outer hair cell', 'middle cervical ganglion morphology trait', 'blood tsh', 'ureter', 'monophasic action potential', 'cochlear canal morphology trait', 'olfaction trait', 'duodenal region pancreatic beta cell weight calculated as the product of pancreas duodenal region weight and corresponding beta cell fractional', 'hematopoietic system', 'alanine aminotransferase activity', 'blood immunoglobulin e', 'gustatory papillae taste bud morphology', 'pectoralis muscle size trait', 'urine steroid level', 'meat conjugated linoleic acid', 'limbus laminae spiralis osseae', 'meatus auditorius internus morphology trait', 'thymus total cell', 'vertebra spongy bone cross-sectional', 'tooth eruption', 'incus size trait', 'vitreous lamella', 'lymphocyte radioactive tracer', 'parasympathetic neuron morphology', 'kidney lesion measurement', 'ldl', 'milk whey acidic protein amount', 'benign colorectal tumor surface area measurement', 'serum anti-dna antibody', 'fetus morphological measurement', 'sensory', 'internal auditory canal', 'thymus molecular composition trait', 'average horizontal distance in proximity', 'fungal infection', 'blood immunoglobulin g2c', 'blood gamma-glutamyltransferase activity', 'circulating il2 level', 'cochlear inner hair cell efferent innervation pattern', 'splenic iron', 'partial pressure of blood carbon dioxide (pco2)', 'time of sexual maturation trait', 'milk tetracosanoic acid', 'soleus', 'benign hepatic tumor prevalence', 'cauda epididymis morphology', 'lymph node secondary follicle morphology', 'eae latency', 'leydig cell', 'interferon-gamma secretion trait', 'interferon physiology trait', 'jejunum muscle', 'hair number', 'tarsometatarsus circumference', 'perivascular macrophage morphology trait', 'pulmonary vasculature', 'head', 'urine trait', 'white blood cell radioactive nucleoside incorporation', 'cranium mass', 'neutrophil migration', 'serum lipid', 'ventriculus quartus morphology', 'plasma cell development trait', 'thyroid gland dry', 'heart lactate dehydrogenase activity', 'plasma orosomucoid 1', 'posterior elastic layer morphology trait', 'enteroendocrine cell morphology trait', 'gizzard muscle thickness', 'neocortex thickness', 'blood interleukin-1', 'dopamine', 'serum igf2', 'brain type ii swd severity grade', 'chordamesoderm development', 'serum intermediate density lipoprotein cholesterol level', 'milk fatty acid c20', 'iris cell', 'parietal suture morphology trait', 'sperm capacitation trait', 'number of degenerated embryos per round of so/ai', 'stratum germinativum morphology', 'milk fatty acid cis-13-c18:1', 'heart wet weight as a percentage of body weight', 'mzb cell morphology', 'feeder per day', 'white adipocyte lipid droplet size trait', 'somatic sensory system morphology trait', 'epiphysis morphology', 'thymus structure', 'whole pancreas protein', 'serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity level to glutamic-pyruvate transaminase activity level ratio', 'calculated thymus weight', 'xiphoid process morphology trait', 'il-18 secretion', 'heart right ventricle insulin-like growth factor 1 mrna level', 'milk lauroleic acid amount', 'anorectal integrity trait', 'serum uric acid', 'scapula morphology trait', 'skin dry', 'poorly differentiated malignant colorectal cancer incidence', 'calculated heart left ventricle dna content', 'heart ventricle septal wall', 'duodenum crypt of lieberkuhn depth', 'milk palmitic acid concentration', 'single pancreatic islet', 'reproductive life span', 'nk t-cell morphology', 'marginal zone b cell', 'back fat weight', 'heart left atrium configuration', 'cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t cell', 'ileum villi height', 'placenta maternal decidual layer', 'circulating ldl cholesterol level', 'plasma igm level', 'plasma glutamate dehydrogenase activity', 'cerebellar vermis lobule morphology trait', 'blood vldl-c level', 'cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor secretion', 'visual ability', 'rib quantity', 'liver nonremodeling tumorous lesion number', 'alternative complement cascade', 'esophageal epithelium morphology', 'lactation length', 'sensory nerve fiber quantity', 'food energy intake measurement', 'liver enzyme', 'sertoli cell morphology trait', 'leukocyte adhesion', 'milk cis fatty acid content', 'stratum reticulare cutis', 'stratum cylindricum morphology', 'plasma anti-double-stranded dna antibody titer', 'otoacoustic response trait', 'olfactory epithelium morphology', 'blood gonadotropin level', 'adipocyte maximal free fatty acid secretion', 'blood hdl triglyceride level', 'calculated kidney glomerulus measurement', 'autonomic nervous system morphology trait', 'sphenofrontal suture morphology', 'hse incidence/prevalence', 'lung ribonucleic acid amount', 'weight of the liver', 'blood cd8 cell', 'cerebellum lobule development trait', 'urine microalbumin excretion rate', 'meninges morphology', 'blood calcidiol amount', 'mesoderm development trait', 'milk fatty acid c17:0 percentage', 'lung ribonucleic acid composition', 'normal sperm count to total sperm count ratio', 'urine adrenaline', 'serum anti-dna antibody level', 'wing mass trait', 'combined food plus drink calorie intake level', 'pupil orientation trait', 'calculated whole pancreas protein', 'urine mineral', 'blood total cholesterol level', 'calculated kidney glomerulus morphological measurement', 'tumor necrosis factor-alpha physiology trait', 'male reproductive system morphology trait', 'b1a cell morphology', 'hepatic tumorous lesion volume', 'tissue weight of the forestomach', 'heart ace activity level', 'labyrinthus osseus', 'cerebrum integrity', 'scleral venous sinus morphology trait', 'ml-1 secretion', 'mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus morphology trait', 'testicular secretion trait', 'stomach morphology trait', 'blood natural killer cell', 'popliteal lymph node morphology trait', 'spleen b cell corona morphology', 'canal of schlemm size trait', 'serum creatinine level', 't-lymphocyte anergy', 'femur midshaft cortical cross-sectional', 'muscle dry weight', 'milk butyric acid', 'anterior uvea morphology trait', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t-cell morphology', 'mesenteric artery morphological', 'brain swd amplitude', 'perirenal fat pad morphology', 'methylene blue metabolism-surface area product after auto-oxidation', 'tb.n', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t-cell', 'b cell positive selection trait', 'blood physiology trait', 'memory b lymphocyte morphology trait', 'impulse conducting system morphology', 'blood immunoglobulin g2a', 'splenic primary b cell morphology trait', 'entocornea morphology', 'plasma gssg level', 'experimental autoimmune neuritis incidence/prevalence', 'sphenozygomatic suture', 'blood th1 cell count', 'coagulating gland ductal branching', 'circulating adrenaline', 'aqueous humor morphology', 'egl thickness', 'double-positive t cell quantity', 'eosinophil morphology trait', 'embryonic erythropoiesis', 'change in blood insulin', 'hemogenesis', 'circulating atrial natriuretic factor level', 'il-12a secretion', 'glomerular capsule', 'drink energy intake level', 'trigeminal nerve neurilemmoma incidence/prevalence measurement', 'germinal streak', 'leukemia incidence', 'interferon physiology', 'both seminal glands wet weight', 'mating', 'calculated urine urea', 'vestibular system physiology', 'blood th cell count', 'globus pallidus', 'muscular system morphology trait', 'logarithm of the ratio of the lesioned side motor neuron count to contralateral side motor neuron count', 'inguinal fat morphological', 'perirenal fat pad weight', 'heart rv dna content', 'urinary bladder epithelium morphology trait', 'bone section mineralized tissue volume', 'dorsal spinal root morphology trait', 'thymus trabecula', 'female germ cell', 'central abdominal fat', 'egg length, fowl', 'mononuclear phagocyte morphology', 'meat color a', 'luteinization', 'total pancreas', 'lowenberg scala', 'respiratory rate', 'macrophage development trait', 'cochlear outer hair cell efferent innervation', 'reproduction measurement', 'cone', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,cis-12-c18:2', 'thymic morphology', 'masticatory muscle morphology trait', 'lamina elastica posterior morphology', 'inferior olive morphology trait', 'milk myristoleic acid percentage', 'left atrium', 'number of damaged pancreatic islets', 'epidermis stratum spinosum cell size trait', 'vascular endothelial cell number', 'milk alpha-lactalbumin amount', 'sertoli cell development trait', 'tnf secretion', 'blood tyrosinase activity level', 'gamma-interferon secretion', 'parasitic infection incidence/prevalence', 'adipose saturated fatty acid', 'coagulating gland morphology trait', 'molecule homeostasis trait', 'scarpa ganglion morphology', 'liver regeneration', 'loin fat weight', 'both lungs wet weight to body weight ratio', 'plasma free fatty acids', 'otolith size trait', 'neuron quantity', 'lymph node trabeculae morphology', 'scala vestibuli morphology trait', 'hypothalamus cell number', 'blood th cell count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'hair growth trait', 'r-eae prevalence', 'tissue weight of the reticulo-rumen', 'heart lv dna content', 'lactation', 'liver sitosterol', 'maxillary sinus morphology', 'area of ventral prostate occupied by tumorous lesions as percentage of total ventral prostate area', 'semen measurement', 'mean platelet volume', 'sodium nitroprusside-induced blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction', 'temporal bone morphology', 'optic tract morphology', 'interleukine 2 secretion', 'autoantibody measurement', 'plasma acetaminophen level', 'inflammatory exudate monocyte count', 'fenestra cochleae morphology trait', 'deltoid crest morphology trait', 'plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity level', 'heart right ventricle cell size trait', 'pancreas secretion', 'blood apolipoprotein a level', 'vertebral body development trait', 'calculated mesenteric artery molecular composition measurement', 'blood', 'neurilemmoma incidence/prevalence', 'aorta morphological', 'erythrocyte shape', 'transitional three stage b lymphocyte morphology trait', 'yolk sac color', 'granulocyte chemotaxis', 'heart left ventricle natriuretic peptide a protein', 'skin mass', 'apolipoprotein b', 'packed red blood cell volume', 'facial morphology trait', 'follicular dendritic cell physiology', 'rostral-caudal body axis extension', 'cd4-cd8- t cell number', 'swallowing reflex trait', 'temperament trait', 'heart relative wall thickness', 'neutrophil leucocyte morphology trait', 'number of aa- and ia-riel', 'milk pentadecylic acid percentage', 'onset of experimental arthritis', 'blood cd8(+) cell count', 'dressing percentage', 'interleukin-1 alpha secretion trait', 'circulating il-12 p70 level', 'skin potassium level plus skin sodium level', 'neuronal migration', 'circulating il-12b level', 'total white blood cell count', 'urinary relative excretion of potassium', 'myelination trait', 'hemopoietic system development trait', 't cell domain of the splenic white pulp morphology', 'spleen follicle center', 'epidermis stratum spinosum thickness', 'embryonic/fetal subventricular zone', 'absolute change in urine vma', 'total foot mass', 'meat lignoceric acid content', 'subcutaneous fat amount', 'meat hematin concentration', 'serum level of pituitary hormone', 'percentage of study population displaying unilateral renal agenesis at a point in time', 'meat indole content', 'erythrocyte', 'uterus development', 'digestive organ orientation trait', 'inner hair cell stereociliary bundle orientation trait', 'blood apolipoprotein aii level', 'meat linoleic acid', 'passive avoidance behavior', 'experimental allergic encephalomyelitis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'brain lipid', 'papillary layer morphology', 'free fatty acids level', 'concentration of acetylcholine at which the reduction in force during dilation of a blood vessel is half the maximum value (ec50)', 'thymus cmz', 'milk fatty acid c11:0', 'strial basal cell tight junction morphology trait', 'egg flavor', 'notochord morphology', 'spleen trabecular artery', 'stimulated renal sympathetic nerve activity to basal renal sympathetic nerve activity ratio', 'mge', 'liver', 'heart left ventricle dorsal wall', 'thymic corpuscle morphology trait', 'plasmacytoid dendritic cell', 'internal auditory canal morphology', 'individual kidney wet weight as percentage of body weight', 'calculated heart ventricle end-diastolic septal wall thickness', 'urine chloride level', 'eye physiology', 'inflammatory exudate lipoxin a4 level', 'pancreas development trait', 'urine creatine amount', 'cns glia morphology trait', 'colostrum immunoglobulin a amount', 'peripheral nervous system physiology trait', 'cytokine physiology trait', 'clonal deletion', 'squamosal suture morphology', 'energy expenditure trait', 'insulin-stimulated adipocyte maximal glucose uptake', 'superior vena cava', 'circulating tnf', 'quicki', 'muscle ribonucleic acid', 'change in left ventricular developed pressure', 'blood interleukin-10 amount', 'b-2 b cell quantity', 'tissue epinephrine amount', 'osteoblast morphology', 'receptor-dependent blood vessel maximum contractile force exoressed as a percentage of receptor-independent blood vessel maximum contractile force', 'renal development', 'subependymal layer morphology', 'cube root of body weight', 'motoneuron count', 'urine norepinephrine excretion rate', 'temporalis', 'blood acrp30', 'optic vesicle development', 'aortic elastin content', 'total food intake weight', 'vertebral cross-sectional area', 'band neutrophil count', 'lvedd', 'longissimus thoracis muscle area', 'meat fatty acid cis-12-c18', 'serum sodium level', 'calculated heart left ventricle end-systolic internal dimension', 'tibia-fibula cortical bone periosteal cross-sectional area', 'age at onset/diagnosis of adult-onset diabetes mellitus', 'preputial gland morphology trait', 't cell receptor gamma chain v-j recombination', 'blood aspartate aminotransferase activity level', 'metacarpus morphology', 'thoracic girdle morphology', 'mammary fat pad mass', 'colostrum immunoglobulin m', 'calculated total pancreatic islet beta cell weight', 'deep cell morphology trait', 'single-positive t cell quantity', 'malleal processus brevis', 'aqueous vein morphology trait', 'corticospinal tract morphology', 'plasma norepinephrine', 'blood pyrophosphate', 'area of individual liver fibrotic lesion', 'kidney lipid peroxidation level', 'liver gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase mrna level', 'serum level of corticosterone', 'b-lymphocyte receptor editing', 'serum anti-rat type 2 collagen antibody level', 'brain type i spike-wave activity severity grade', 'inner hair cell stereociliary bundle morphology', 'blood th1 cell percentage', 'inhibitory postsynaptic potential', 'b cell physiology', 'prostate size trait', 'superior vagus ganglion of the vagus (x) nerve morphology', 'tibia stiffness', 'cd25(+) cell count to cd8(+) cell count ratio', 'right kidney wet', 'homeostasis', 'plasma alcohol level', 'cranial base', 'number of unfertilized ova per superovulation/artificial insemination event', 'ivss', 'proximal hind limb circumference', 'ovarian folliculogenesis trait', 'visceral fat weight/ tibial', 'sternum size', 'anti-single stranded dna antibody level', 'heart ventricle end-systolic septal wall index', 'urine protein amount', 'aorta smooth muscle cell', 'percentage of study population developing pituitary tumors that invade the glandular capsule during a period of time', 'pancreas insulin level to pancreas total protein ratio', 'paw/hand/foot/hoof mass', 'bone mineral content', 'gait', 'heart insulin-like growth factor 1 mrna', 'poorly differentiated malignant colorectal tumor surface area measurement', 'cd4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t cell morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c14:1', 'inner ear morphology trait', 'circulating bcgf-1 level', 'chemical homeostasis', 'meat heneicosylic acid', 'calculated body region fat morphological', 'ion homeostasis', 'ribeye area', 'experimental diabetes mellitus incidence', 'brain campesterol', 'cerebellum lobule development', 'telencephalic vesicle development trait', 'liver total tumorous lesion number', 'coccygeal vertebra', 'auditory vesicle size', 'immature b cell', 'calculated hirschsprung disease severity', 'large intestine length', 'milk triglyceride content', 'thyroid gland physiology', 'celiac lymph node size trait', 'double-negative t cell quantity', 'circulating gonadotropin level', 'adipose physiology trait', 'photoreceptor outer segment morphology', 'metencephalon morphology', 'gall bladder', 'spine morphology', 'stria vascularis intermediate cell', 'blood immunoglobulin g1 amount', 'cardiomyocyte quantity', 'adipose fatty acid c18:0 percentage', 'lymphatic system morphological', 'antibody response', 'lymph organ size', 'retina cell quantity', 'auditory vesicle', 'heart right ventricle anterior wall', 'kidney tubule', 'liver hyperemia incidence/prevalence', 'neutrophilic leukocyte physiology', 'orbit morphology', 'meat pentadecanoic acid content', 'vermis morphology', 'total area of tumorous lesions in an individual liver', 'l5 ganglion size', 'cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor secretion', 'intestinal epithelium morphology', 'anti-erythrocyte antigen antibody', 'b cell negative selection', 'atrial septal morphology trait', 'heart size', 'thorax morphology trait', 'cerebellar glomerulus morphology trait', 'milk flow', 'tooth mineralization', 'milk fatty acid c5:0 percentage', 'islet of langerhans lesion', 'emission behavior', 'th1 cell', 'lymph node medulla', 'plasma creatine phosphokinase activity', 'trachea', 'seminiferous tubule size trait', 'both kidneys wet', 'nerve fiber organization trait', 'obesity index', 'absolute change in adipocyte non-esterified fatty acid release', 'milk lactose concentration', 'muller fiber morphology trait', 'calculated whole pancreas protein level', 'semilunar valve morphology', 'cochlear inner hair cell efferent nerve fiber organization trait', 'spinal cord dorsal horn morphology', 'plasma immunoglobulin g3 amount', 'immunoglobulin v(d)j joining', 'teat diameter', 'polymorphonuclear cell', 'disease progression measurement', 'blood prl level', 'renal cortex protein measurement', 'tissue hormone composition measurement', 'prostate tumorous lesion size measurement', 'erythroid progenitor morphology', 'urine dopamine', 'calculated drink intake', 'alanine transaminase', 'corpora lutea morphology trait', 't lymphocyte apoptosis', 'chemoreceptor morphology', 'percent change in left ventricular systolic blood pressure', 'bulbourethral gland physiology trait', 'blood prolactin amount', 'vestibular canal morphology', 'vascular smooth muscle size trait', 'capillary measurement', 'cutis vera morphology', 'accumbens nucleus', 'sex gland', 'thyroid physiology trait', 'treg count', 'blood mug1 amount', 'oral mucosa', 'single nephron filtration fraction', 'calculated plasma lipoprotein level', 'perirenal fat pad volume', 'calculated rsna measurement', 'pancreas integrity', 'single-positive t cell morphology', 'serum free hemoglobin', 'femoral work to failure', 'plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity level', 'ampullary groove', 'lvsa', 'inner ear canal', 'circulating il-4', 'transitional two stage b-cell morphology', 'orbit width', 'vaginal opening morphology', 'ileum mass', 'plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity level', 'spleen measurement', 'aorta wall molecular composition measurement', 'serum thyroid stimulating hormone level', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t lymphocyte morphology', 'taste response', 'viable offspring', 'breast weight', 'urine amino acid level', 'absolute change in renal blood flow rate', 'milk fatty acid c18:0 concentration', 'spleen b-cell corona morphology trait', 'brain plant sterol and stanol', 'total dorsal coat/hair area', 'retinopathy incidence/prevalence', 'circulating cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor level', 'taste bud morphology', 'beta coefficient of mean arterial blood pressure change', 'ventricle of rhombencephalon size', 'neutrophil development trait', 'lung vascular', 'storage of mast-cell proteases', 'displacement activity reaction', 'rod neutrophil count', 'cn-i', 'nodular lymph node cortex', 'b-cell physiology', 'egg albumen percentage, fowl', 'splenic germinal center number', 'heart left ventricle interstitial bradykinin', 'muscle molecular composition trait', 'blood flow rate', 'helper t-lymphocyte type 1 function', 'ham muscle', 'tibia midshaft cortex cross-sectional area', 'ihc synaptic ribbon morphology trait', 'serum idl-c level', 'stomach mucosa morphology', 'serum immunoglobulin m-type rheumatoid factor titer', 'hair-tylotrich neuron morphology', 'milk fatty acid c5:0 concentration', 'lacrimal system morphology', 'parasympathetic ganglion', 'tibia-fibula cortical bone total cross-sectional area', 'milk medicinal flavor intensity', 'heart left ventricle end-diastolic diameter', 'ham trait', 'erythropoiesis trait', 'respiratory bronchiole', 'stratum papillare', 'anorectal malformation incidence/prevalence', 'meat lignoceric acid', 'milk heat stability', 'blood interleukin amount', 'total heart ventricle weight as a percentage of body', 'retina morphology trait', 'l4 ganglion size trait', 'paranasal sinus morphology', 'milk rumenic acid content', 'spleen gc morphology', 'milk kappa-casein amount', 'prostate tumor incidence/prevalence', 'blood flavanone amount', 'behavioral response', 'sperm count to epididymis weight ratio', 'meat chewiness trait', 'fat pad', 'tympanic membrane size trait', 'blood chylomicron cholesterol level', 'placenta wet', 'milk fatty acid c14:0 percentage', 'cerebellar granule layer morphology', 'alternative complement pathway', 'total heart ventricle size trait', 'serum igg-rheumatoid factor level', 'interdental cell morphology', 'natural immunity', 'angii half maximal effective concentration', 'gustatory papillae taste bud', 'palatine bone morphology', 'gill arch development trait', 'milk caproic acid', 'milk fatty acid c18:3(n-3)', 'eosinophil migration', 'incus morphology', 'milk fatty acid c12:0 concentration', 'metallophilic macrophage', 'calculated uterine weight', 'nasal septum morphology', 'hemolymphoid system development trait', 'gait trait', 'lymph organ', 'b-lymphocyte anergy', 'alisphenoid bone', 'adipose fatty acid c18', 'horn morphological measurement', 'erythrocyte physiology trait', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma prevalence measurement', 'hair cell physiology trait', 'oculomotor nucleus morphology', 'milk selenium amount', 'left adrenal gland wet weight', 'neural tube closure', 'acth', 'experimental autoimmune neuritis severity', 'pigmented ventral coat/hair area', 'wbc number', "schlemm's canal size trait", 'mature b-lymphocyte', 'lumbar vertebrae morphological measurement', 'embryo hatching trait', 'phalanx', 'xenobiotic stimulus', 'tunica albuginea oculi', 'ratio of the weight of both adrenal glands to the weight of the body', 'tnfa secretion', 'blood dihydrotestosterone amount', 'plasma sod activity', 'bacterial infection severity score based on mucosal leukocyte infiltration', 'brain hva', 'back fat thickness, 1st rib', 'midbrain/pons dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac) amount', 'maximal oxygen consumption', 'serum triglyceride', 'serum troponin t level', 'energy expenditure', 'pancreas hormone composition measurement', 'measurement of voluntary locomotion in an experimental apparatus', 'tactile sensory behavior', 'left uterine horn length', 'nervous system integrity trait', 'liver sterol amount', 'serum insulin level times blood glucose level', 'interleukin-2 secretion', 'heart left atrium weight to body weight ratio', 'rod morphology', 'channel response', 'pharyngeal pouch morphology', 'eicosanoid', 'kidney molecular composition measurement', 'milk protein yield', 'urine calcium level', 'pulmonary artery morphology trait', 'tissue molecular composition measurement', 'calculated adrenal gland weight', 'interferon-gamma inducing factor secretion', 'basal ganglion morphology', 'tn2 cell number', 'circulating b-cell proliferating factor', 'blood t3 to t4 ratio', 'immune system organ development', 'area of liver occupied by tumorous lesions', 'circulating il-3', 'milk green flavor intensity', 'polymorphonuclear leukocyte morphology trait', 'laryngeal muscle morphology', 'mammary gland cistern', 'parathyroid gland', 'urethra size trait', 'thymus', 'cd4-cd8- t cell morphology', 'number of perinatal live-born offspring deaths', 'efferent arteriolar plasma protein', 'acromion morphology trait', 'calculated inflammatory exudate eicosanoid', 'mhc class ii rt1a-positive spinal cord ventral horn area to total spinal cord ventral horn area ratio', 'liver glutathione', 'serum levels of growth hormone', 'interdental cell', 'intraepithelial t-cell number', 'the target  during voluntary locomotion in an experimental apparatus', 'blood thyroxine', 'neuron vacuole', 'oesophagus size', 'hemolymphatic system development', 'pulmonary interstitium morphology', 'uterine integrity trait', 'cerebrum cell', 'endocrine pancreas', 'poorly differentiated malignant colorectal neoplasm surface area measurement', 'cd4+ t cell development trait', 'epithalamus morphology', 'mean brain type ii spike-and-wave discharge duration', 'urine myoglobin amount', 'serotonin', 'superior glossopharyngeal ganglion of the glossopharyngeal (ix) nerve morphology', 'brain spike-wave discharge rate', 'serum ige level', 'abomasum volume', 'vascular endothelial cell measurement', 'hepatic copper weight to liver dry weight ratio', 'beef flavor intensity', 'fenestra rotunda', 'frontal process of maxilla morphology trait', 'bone remodeling', 'milk volume', 'lung enzyme activity measurement', 'milk fatty acid trans-16-c18', 'ureter development', 'blood globulin amount', 'nodose ganglion neuron', 'abdominal lymph node morphology trait', 'parasite', 'drumstick bone', 'epithelium thickness of the reticulo-rumen', 'dressed carcass water', 'bronchoalveolar duct junction morphology', 'blood vessel maximum contractile force', 'cardiac muscle contraction', 'movement latency period', 'hypophysis morphology', 'blood globulin', 'mature b-cell morphology', 'olfactory cortex morphology trait', 'thickness', 'macula utriculi', 'cardiovascular', 'absolute change in plasma norepinephrine', 'tail size trait', 'lipid', 'spinal cord anterior column morphological', 'serum anti-type 2 collagen antibody titer', 'hepatic copper weight', 'neutrophilic leukocyte physiology trait', 'forelimb length', 'hemopoietic system physiology trait', 'surface structure physiology', 'cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t-lymphocyte morphology', 'haemolymphoid system development trait', 'alveolar macrophage morphology trait', 'milk palmitoleic acid content', 'stapes footpiece', 'blood bicarbonate level', 'capillary morphology trait', 'vertebra cortical cross-sectional', 'circulating interleukin-1 alpha level', 'blood glucose', 'normal sperm', 'serum anti-deoxyribonucleic acid antibody', 'reticulorumen epithelium', 'pontine flexure', 'kidney glomerulus morphological measurement', 'adult parasite count', 'serum bicarbonate level', 'nasopharyngeal tonsil', 'hyoid bone morphology trait', 'myeloid leukemia incidence', 'acquisition performance measurement', 'clavicle cell', 'milk alpha-s1-casein concentration', 'liver tumorous lesion area to total liver area ratio', 'mesenteric artery morphology trait', 'spleen gc number', 'chew score', 'longissimus dorsi morphology', 'ventral prostate tumorous lesion size measurement', 'red blood cell count', 'platelet physiology trait', 'post-insult time to onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'prolactin secretion trait', 'sphenoparietal suture', 'stria vascularis blood vessel', 'spinal cord anterior horn cellular composition', 'milk lactose', 'circulating multipotential colony-stimulating factor', 'blood ace2 activity level', 'plasma retinol level', 'inflammatory exudate tumor necrosis factor', 'circulating ifn-beta level', 'transitional stage t2 b cell morphology', 'voluntary locomotion measurement', 'egg yolk morphology', 'percentage of study population displaying pituitary tumors at a point in time', 'cerebellum external granule cell layer morphology', 'milk fatty acid trans-5-c18:1 percentage', 'gall bladder physiology trait', 'neostriatum morphology', 'ventricle of diencephalon size trait', 'short lived plasma cell', 'plasma ige', 'alpha-beta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology', 'stereotypic behavior', 'b cell antigen presentation trait', 'nervous system morphology trait', 'fontanelle', 'hair follicle root sheath morphology', 'heart left ventricular end-diastolic blood pressure to heart left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ratio', 'age at onset/diagnosis of iddm', 'pituitary gland tumorous lesion measurement', 'nk t cell', 'choroid blood vessel morphology', 'lip morphology trait', 'hydrocephalus severity score', 'tcr delta chain v(d)j recombination', 'milk fat globule surface area trait', 'milk alpha-casein amount', 'plasma ggtp activity', 'sinusoidal space size trait', 'endometrioid carcinoma prevalence measurement', 'pancreas gland', 'longissimus thoracis size trait', 'blood eosinophil count to total leukocyte count ratio', 'area of individual ventral prostate tumorous lesion', 'serum ldl-c level', 'infarction', 'pectoralis muscle', 'smi', 'milk fatty acid c22:6 n-3 content', 'alveolar body morphology', 'interventricular septum configuration', 'jejunum mass', 'coronary artery integrity', 'receiving feather pecking trait', 'urethra morphology trait', 'organism subdivision trait', 'smooth muscle morphology trait', 'renal tubulointerstitial score', 'blood glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity level', 'cochlea basement membrane morphology', 'long bone shaft', 'liver copper weight to liver dry weight ratio', 'memory b cell development trait', 'hind limb length', 'time between stimulus and first movement outside a discrete space in a an experimental apparatus', 'superior vagus ganglion', 'hypothalamus norepinephrine amount', 'total calorie intake rate', 'muscle cholesterol level', 'belly composition', 'colon muscle', 'midbrain/pons norepinephrine amount', 'calculated apoptotic body', 'endometrioid carcinoma measurement', 'milk oleic acid percentage', 'vertebrae morphology', 'single kidney wet weight as percentage of body', 'total white blood cells', 'basal white blood cell dna synthesis measurement', 'interdental cell morphology trait', 'sanguification', 'milk polyphenol amount', 'humerus size trait', 'labia majora', 'renal fat depot', 'trigeminal ganglion of trigenmial (v) nerve morphology trait', 'mammary tumor measurement', 'dermis stratum papillare', 'blood antidiuretic hormone amount', 'area of liver occupied by fibrosis as percentage of total liver area', 'plasma murinoglobulin 1', 'insulin-dependent diabetes incidence', 'ratio of number of glomeruli with microaneurysms to number of total glomeruli', 'meat fatty acid c14:0 percentage', 'plasma immunoglobulin e', 'serum malondialdehyde', 'areola mammae/nipple', 'brain type ii spike-wave discharge frequency', 'prl secretion', 'offspring morphological', 'mature gamma-delta t cell quantity', "meissner's corpuscle nerve fiber organization", 'intraepithelial lymphocyte morphology', 'chest trait', 'time to peak heart contraction', 'blood lipoprotein triglyceride level', 'milk linoleic acid percentage', 'petrosal ganglion size', 'urine hemoglobin', 'voluntary body movement', 'plasma aldosterone', 'percentage of study population displaying chronic eae at a point in time', 'kidney blood vessel physiology', 'sex determination', 'liver parenchymal degeneration incidence', 'dressing', 'meat fatty acid c17', 'neurohypophysis morphology', 'blood ammonia level', 'serum levels of luteinizing hormone', 'blood gonadotropin amount', 'prostate tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 'autonomic nervous system physiology trait', 'hepatocellular carcinoma tumor count', 'pancreas weight', 'plasma hdl level', 'cytotoxic t cell physiology', 't lymphocyte function', 'serum direct renin activity', 'circulating albumin', 'cataract incidence/prevalence measurement', 'muscle fatty acid cis-11-c20:1 percentage', 'hair shaft morphology', 'renal tubule morphology trait', 'ejaculation trait', 'experimental autoimmune neuritis incidence', 'plasma anti-bovine type ii collagen antibody titer', 'semitendinosus muscle', 'placenta measurement', 'serum magnesium level', 'tectorial membrane attachment', 'blood gsh level', 'dark adaptation', 'alveolocapillary membrane', 'intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'ureteric bud morphology', 'embryonic epiblast morphology trait', 'diabetes incidence', 'cone morphology trait', 'copper homeostasis trait', 'corpus pineale', 'extraembryonic tissue physiology', 'mammary tumor latency', 'adipose palmitic acid concentration', 'latency of induced type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'nk cell morphology', 'aortic peak velocity (apv)', 'cerebellar granule neuron morphology', 'spleen dry', 'lymph gland weight to body weight ratio', 'schwann cell count', 'fsh secretion trait', 'parasympathetic nervous system physiology trait', 'cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t lymphocyte', 'pancreas tumorous lesion', 'scapula', 'serum chylomicron level', 'calculated heart rv dna content', 'skeletal muscle myosin isoform amount', 'channel response intensity', 'abdominal fat pad morphology', 'opercular flap morphology trait', 'esa', 'kidney g6pd activity to total protein level ratio', 'blood vessel outer diameter', 'plasma gpx activity level', 'blood aspartate transaminase activity level', 'excretory system', 'circulating hormone level', 'retinal photoreceptor morphology trait', 'hydronephrosis severity measurement', 'core temperature', 'pituitary tumor latent period', 'milk fatty acid cis-11-c20:1', 'semimembranosus size trait', 'egg cylinder', 'amniotic fluid amount', "bruch's membrane", 'spleen mononuclear cell number', 'calculated blood globulin', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-cell', 'caul fat', 'brain dry weight', 'cranial temperature', 'blastocele formation', 'blood thyroxine level', 'pancreas gland physiology', 'spinal cord beta-2 microglobulin protein', 'cerebral artery inner diameter', 'blood-inner ear barrier physiology', 'food intake', 'venous blood flow trait', 'semilunar ganglion morphology', 'splenic marginal sinus', 'brain development trait', 'hindlimb zeugopod morphology trait', 'muscle', 'placenta vascular morphology trait', 'serum got activity level', 'semilunar valve morphology trait', 'intramuscular adipose area as percentage of muscle area', 'tricuspid valve', 'calculated heart wall thickness', 'talus morphology', 'response to cocaine trait', 'ear lobe size trait', 'immature b lymphocyte morphology trait', 'adrenal gland', 'tibial energy', 'muscle innervation pattern trait', 'nipple angle', 'calculated liver copper', 'squamosal suture morphology trait', 'blood ldl', 'retinal layer morphology', 'basal body weight', 'limb regeneration trait', 'ventricle septal', 'marrow cavity morphology', 'blood alkaline phosphatase activity level', 'kidney molecular composition', 'utricle morphology trait', 'serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein', 'atrium septum', 'nociceptor morphology', 'skin fold thickness, tricep', 'in vivo vessel shear stress', 'cd8-positive t cell morphology trait', 'neutrophil quantity', 'aortic size', 'total kidney weight', 'calculated renal non-tumorous lesion', 'stab neutrophil count', 'fetal body weight', 'vas deferens morphology trait', 'pulmonary alveolus epithelial cell', 'blood phytosterol level', 'third ventricle size', 'total serum bilirubin level', 'splenocyte physiology trait', 'ro-23-6019 secretion', 'thymus dry weight', 'belly', 'unilateral left-sided renal agenesis incidence', 'hair medulla morphology', 'adipose heptadecanoic acid', 'social tendency trait', 'temporal bone', 'cd8-positive t cell physiology trait', 'mammary gland growth', 'shoulder yield', "peyer's patch quantity", 'total litter size', 'gamma-delta t-cell', 'tibia force at failure', 'enamel morphology trait', 'plasma plant sterol and stanol', 'central b-lymphocyte anergy', 'cerebral cortex projection neuron', 'interscapular fat pad', 'faecal parasite oocyst count', 'kidney morphological measurement', 'mammary duct morphology trait', 'thymus stromal cell count', 'nk t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'fontanelle morphology trait', 'forelimb integrity trait', 'cholinergic nerve fiber organization', 'blood immunoglobulin a amount', 'interleukin-21 secretion', 'locomotor coordination', 'milk monounsaturated fatty acid amount', 'plasma dihydrotestosterone', 'lumbar vertebrae morphological', 'natural killer t-cell physiology', 'spiral ligament morphology', 'negative t cell selection', 'primary motor area morphology trait', 'dn2 cell number', 'iris pigmentation trait', 'cerebellar posterior vermis', 'turbinated bone', 'urine keto acid amount', 'midbrain', 'hepatic remodeling tumorous lesion number', 'heart effluent enzyme level', 'humerus mineral mass', 'ocular fundus morphology trait', 'alisphenoid morphology', 'plasma thyrotropin', 'kidney pyramid size trait', 'vestibulocochlear ganglion size trait', 'basal ganglia', 'segmented neutrophil granulocyte percentage', 'calorie intake', 'apical ectodermal ridge development', 'tarsals', 'milk copper', 'embryo implantation trait', 'hypothalamus dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac) amount', 'mesenteric artery molecular composition', 'humerus morphology', 'placenta mass', 'plasma tc level', 'humeral axillary lymph node size', 'plasma thyroxine level', 'dressed carcass bone weight', 'skin cell', 'heart right ventricle', 'total coat/hair area', 'b-1a b lymphocyte morphology trait', 'serum alt activity', 'frontal process of maxilla', 'scala tympani morphology trait', 'thyroid cartilage morphology trait', 'anorectal malformation prevalence', 'ratio of hepatic reduced glutathione level to liver', 'cd4-negative, cd8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial t cell morphology trait', 'corticobulbar tract morphology trait', 'uterine tube size', 'hind limb', 'respiratory muscle morphology trait', 'cardiac excitatory physiology', 'ischial bone', 'cytotoxic t lymphocyte morphology', 'experimental autoimmune neuritis severity score', 'kidney collecting tubule morphology trait', 'circulating thyroid hormone level', 'collar bone morphology trait', 'alcohol metabolism trait', 'c2 physiology', 'neuronal mitochondrion measurement', 'calculated serum paracetamol', 'mesangial cell morphology', 'muscle water amount', 'intermuscular fat content', 'statolith size trait', 'circulating interleukin-18', 'heart igf1 mrna level', 'joint integrity', 'sialoschesis', 'muscle myoglobin', 'sperm development trait', 'hippocampal fornix', 'plasma gldh activity level', 'milk sodium concentration', 'b1 cell morphology trait', 'yolk sac vasculature morphology', 'both kidney', 'popliteal lymph node', 'interleukin ii secretion', 'ratio of the effective renal plasma flow to the weight of both kidneys', 'respiratory alveoli morphology trait', 'chondrocyte morphology trait', 'lymph node quantity', 'circulating interferon-gamma level', 'deiters cell morphology trait', 'lower jaw morphology', 'interleukin-23b secretion', 'kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion diameter to mean arterial blood pressure ratio', 'kidney cortex protein measurement', 'ts/c cell count', 'vertebra cortex cross-sectional area', 'plasma albumin level', 'total fat pad weight', 'fibrin formation', 'arterial blood flow rate', 'cerebrospinal fluid chemistry measurement', 'blood vessel reactivity', 'plasma total ige', 'quadrigeminal body morphology trait', 'hippocampal mossy fiber morphology', 'brain', 'midbrain roof plate morphology', 'thoracic aorta cellular protein', 'circulating eosinophil differentiation factor', 'muscle fatty acid cis-9-c16:1', 'drink energy intake measurement', 'corneal endothelium', 'muscle cross-sectional', 'milk cooked flavor intensity', 'primary auditory area morphology', 'myelin sheath', 'milk trans-9,trans-12-octadecadienoic acid content', 'addictive substance trait', 'calculated heart ventricle end-systolic septal wall', 'serum free fatty acids level', 'conception rate', 'viral infection incidence/prevalence', 'blood parathyroid hormone amount', 'blood intermediate density lipoprotein cholesterol level', 'cytotoxic t lymphocyte', 'plasma comp', 'width of the glandular crypts of the ileum', 'testes integrity', 'body fat percentage, ortiz equation', 'hippocampus projection neuron', 'serum carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks', 'corpus luteum size', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t cell quantity', 'type i pneumocyte morphology trait', 'neocortex', 'parahippocampal gyrus', 'palisade layer', 'fertility', 'blood enzyme inhibitor', 'linoleic acid percentage', 'plasma angiotensin i converting enzyme 2 activity', 'calculated artery wall thickness', 'calculated spinal cord anterior horn area', 'hepatocyte count', 'kidney superoxide dismutase activity', 'dn3 cell number', 'placenta size trait', 'tunica vasculosa bulbi morphology', 'motor nerve collateral sprouting', 'kidney glomerulus', 'enteric neuron morphology trait', 'absolute change in mean arterial blood pressure', 'oral mucosa morphology trait', 'dairy form', 'total pancreatic tissue protein/peptide composition measurement', 'uterus ribonucleic acid composition', 'natural killer t-cell morphology', 'adipose fatty acid cis-9-c16', 'urine epinephrine level', 'active avoidance behavior trait', 'blood vessel endothelium measurement', 'spinal cord anterior horn morphological', 'blood tc', 'circulating il level', 'uvea integrity trait', 'parturition', 'spinal cord c1qb protein level', 'plasma norepinephrine level', 'nkt cell physiology trait', 'thoracic duct morphology', 'ventricular septal morphology', 'calculated prostate tumorous lesion area measurement', 'photoreceptor inner segment morphology', 'circulating interleukin-12 beta chain level', 'virchow-hassall body', 'epidermal layer morphology trait', 'somatic motor system', 'colostrum hormone content', 'hemopoietic cell number', 'number of ruptures of the internal elastic lamina of the renal arteries', 'kidney pelvis morphology trait', 'blood ggtp', 'ham fat thickness', 'serum peptidyl-dipeptidase a activity level', 'milk rumenic acid', 'epiphysis cerebri morphology trait', 'maximum time spent running to exhaustion on treadmill', 'tectum morphology', 'urine measurement', 'blood bradykinin', 'mucociliary clearance trait', 'cytokine secretion', 'renal fat pad morphological measurement', 'mature gamma-delta t-cell morphology', 'prostate gland wet', 'long bone epiphysis morphology', 'ast level', 'femur metaphysis morphological', 'faecal parasite egg', 'organ', 'skin fold thickness, bicep', 'absolute change in plasma adrenaline level', 'blood corticotropin-releasing hormone', 'blood anti-collagen antibody level', 'female meiosis trait', 'blood urea nitrogen', 'copper weight per whole liver', 'adrenal gland dry weight', 'mammary gland physiology', 'femoral neck morphological', 'milk fatty acid c18', 'drinking behavior', 'csf homeostasis', 'fdcn morphology trait', 'calculated lung weight', 'adipocyte incremental free fatty acid secretion per cell', 'circulating hepatocyte-stimulating factor', 'epidermis stratum granulosum morphology trait', 'hemolymphatic system physiology trait', 'meat dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid', 'plasma vitamin a1 level', 'serum total immunoglobulin g', 'urine hormone', 'parotid salivary gland cholinergic nerve fiber quantity', 'inflammatory exudate leukotriene b4 level', 'kidney weight', 'cheek bone morphology', 'blood osteocalcin level', 'stria vascularis melanocyte morphology', 'plasmacytoid monocytes cell', 'body morphological measurement', 'percentage of non-categorized leukocytes', 't helper 2 physiology trait', 'cd4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'mortality', 'calculated heart left atrium morphological measurement', 'vestibular ganglion size trait', 'meat capric acid', 'intestinal peristalsis trait', 'the number of lymphocytes in an inflammatory exudate', 'thymus lobule', 'meat myristic acid', 'corneal light-scattering', 'measurement of distance moved per unit of time in an experimental apparatus', 'intraepithelial t lymphocyte number', 'uterine nk cell', 'egg yolk flavor', 'daily spermatozoa count', 'heart blood flow', 'mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration', 'baroreceptor morphology trait', 'clavicle morphology trait', 'fenestra cochleae morphology', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,cis-12-c18:2 percentage', 'granule layer', 'neutrophilic leukocyte', 'spleen cell morphology', 'cd4-positive t cell physiology', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta treg morphology trait', 'glomerular capsule size trait', 'serum immunoglobulin g-type rheumatoid factor level relative to an arbitrary reference serum', 'left major bronchus morphology', 'kidney cortex morphology trait', 'pericardium orientation', 'oocyte quantity', 'heart atrium appendage morphology', 'vasoconstriction trait', 'male fertility', 'milk triacylglycerol', 'somatic sympathetic system morphology', 'social investigation', 'intraocular pressure', 'caudate putamen complex morphology', 'log of the total number of recovered nthi bacterial cfus', 'egg albumen weight', 'adipocyte basal nefa release', 'hard palate morphology', 'bone area measurement', 'plasma prl level', 'masticatory muscle morphology', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t cell morphology trait', 'chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'schwann cell morphology trait', 'blood interleukin-17', 'change in heart rate to change in intracerebroventricular sodium concentration ratio', 'cartilage cell morphology trait', 'calculated left ventricular end-systolic blood pressure', 'supramarginal gyrus morphology', 'abdominal wall integrity', 'rostrum morphology trait', 'b cell physiology trait', 'nesting behavior trait', 'single adrenal gland', 'transitional two stage b-lymphocyte morphology', 'gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion trait', 'canal of schlemm size', 'blood triiodothyronine amount', 'thyroid gland physiology trait', 'circulating ro-236019 level', 'yolk sac morphology', 'both inguinal fat pads weight to body weight ratio', 'calculated blood vessel lesion measurement', 'hepatic non-tumorous lesion', 'postnatal subventricular zone morphology trait', 'lymphoma incidence/prevalence', 'malignant liver tumor count', 'blood pressure time series linear term first order parameter', 'muscle fatigue trait', 'calculated food calorie intake measurement', 'ear lobe morphology', 'blood basophil count to total leukocyte count ratio', 'blood cd45rclow cd4 t lymphocyte count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'hippocampus layer', 'sciatic nerve morphology trait', 'hepatic lipid composition', 'kidney collecting tubule morphology', 'splenic marginal zone morphology', 'milk color', 'white fat cell size', 'renal medulla trpv4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratio', 'skin morphological measurement', 'plasma hdl', 'reflexes', 'circulating homocysteine content', 'blood glomerular filtration rate, diet in renal disease formula (mdrd)', 'splenocyte physiology', 'femur cross-sectional', 'harderian gland morphology', 'basis stapedis morphology', 'discrimination learning', 'palmar eccrine gland morphology', 'change in renal sympathetic nerve activity to change in intracerebroventricular sodium concentration ratio', 'amphetamine trait', 'serum progesterone level', 'blood cd8 lymphocyte count', 'hindbrain morphology trait', 'heart left ventricle atrial natriuretic factor', 'processus brevis', 'liver triglyceride', 'intestinal mucosa morphology trait', 'interteat distance', 'malar bone morphology', 't-cell stimulating factor secretion', 'mononuclear leukocyte development', 'milk fatty acid c10:0 percentage', 'multinucleated phagocyte morphology', 'eyelash morphology trait', 'cardiomyocyte morphology trait', 'heart left ventricle atrial natriuretic factor amount', 'pancreas non-tumorous lesion', 'adipocyte maximal radioactive glucose uptake', 'atrial appendage morphology trait', 'endolymph production trait', 'calculated glomerular filtration rate', 'post-insult time to onset of cerebrovascular lesion', 'circulating interleukin-10 level', 'adipose fatty acid c18:0', 'spleen gc morphology trait', 'dn4 cell', 'meat cis-10-heptadecenoic acid', 'urine electrolyte level', 'blood immunoglobulin m amount', 'coccyx morphology', 'geniculate ganglion morphology', 'foregut morphology trait', 'st_interval', 'mammary areola morphology', 'percentage of study population developing type 1 diabetes mellitus during a period of time', 'alpha-beta intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'testes development trait', 'urinary organ morphology trait', 'decrease in blood ethanol concentration per unit time', 'aortic valve configuration trait', 'serum hemoglobin level', 'aortic wall elastin dry', 'rhythmic behavior', 'hair cell mechanoelectric transduction trait', 'visceral endoderm morphology', 'intestinal aganglionosis incidence/prevalence', 'parametrial fat depot morphology', 'cochlear hair cell development', 'total liver', 'age of onset of experimental allergic neuritis', 'atrial auricle configuration trait', 'spleen mass', 'synapse morphology trait', 'reticulo-rumen volume', 'circulating il7 level', 't helper 2', 'hair follicle size', 'urine noradrenalin level', 'gonad rudiment', 'interscapular fat pad morphology', 'milk stearic acid content', 'milk fatty acid c20:0 percentage', 'vasoconstrictor log half maximal effective concentration (log ec50)', 'cartilage morphology', 'testis tumor measurement', 'calculated cytotoxic t cell', 'serum alanine transaminase activity level', 'lumbar dorsal root ganglion morphology trait', 'aorta elastic tissue molecular composition trait', 'b-1b b-cell morphology trait', 'adipocyte basal non-esterified fatty acid release', 'splenic morphology trait', 'reticulorumen', 'bone mineral', 'shoulder muscle percentage', 'neuroendocrine gland', 'meat composition', 'blood interferon-beta', 'gustatory system trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-6-8-c18:1 concebtration', 'left renal fat pad weight to body weight ratio', 'jejunum villi length', 'volume of liver occupied by nonremodeling tumorous lesions', 'pancreatic beta cell quantity', 'podocyte morphology', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c17:1 percentage', 'heart rate-corrected left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time', "rathke's pocket morphology", 'cerebellum posterior vermis morphology', 'thymus weight to body weight ratio', 'yolk sac morphology trait', 'palatine shelf morphology trait', 'blood cd45rclow cd4 t lymphocyte count', 'caval vein morphology trait', 'cd4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-cell', 'plasma idl phospholipid', 'plasma autoantibody titer', 'endocochlear potential trait', 'uterine horn morphological', 'behavioral response to novelty', 'skin (potassium plus sodium) level to skin water level ratio', 'autoregulatory index', 'serum glucose', 'urine bilirubin level', 'belly muscle', 'ampullary groove morphology trait', 'membrana statoconiorum morphology trait', 'serum globulin level', 'serum peptidyl-dipeptidase a activity', 'long bone morphology trait', 'omasum', 'chemical response/sensitivity measurement', 'apoptotic cell measurement', 'oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue morphology trait', 'pituitary gland integrity', 'experimental autoimmune uveitis severity score', 'ammon horn morphology', 'salivation', 'plasma cystatin c', 'transitional two stage b-cell', 'milk nutty flavor intensity', 'erythrocyte ion amount', 'blood cd3-positive cell count', 'ratio of ipca to total area of pancreas tail region', 'toxoplasma gondii infection incidence/prevalence measurement', 'common lymphocyte progenitor morphology', 'circulating catabloin level', 'circulating il-23p19', 'sensation behavior trait', 'labc', 'natural t cell morphology', 'encephalitis incidence/prevalence', 'monocyte count to total wbc count ratio', 'blood ige', 'endocardial cushion morphology', 'scapula morphology', 'serum globulin measurement', 'b cell selection', 'hind feet phalanges', 'total milk volume', 'prostate epithelium morphology', 'inflammatory exudate mononuclear leukocyte', 'plasma haemoglobin level', 'calculated voluntary body movement measurement', 'optic tract size', 'blood luteinizing hormone level', 'milk growth factor content', 'cd4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'small intestine mass', 'coccygeal vertebra number', 'hepatic triglyceride level', 'clavicle morphology', 'incidence of relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (r-eae) in a disease population', 'ham size trait', 'inflammatory exudate tnf-alpha concentration', 'muscle fatty acid concentration', 'plasma haptoglobin', 'thymus morphology trait', 'olfactory nerve', 'liver weight to body weight ratio', 'serum aldosterone', 'brain rna composition', 'macrophage antigen presentation trait', 'maximum contractile force per wet weight of aorta', 'offspring quantity', 'blood lipid', 'inflammatory exudate lymphocyte count', 'total vertebra', 'brown adipose', 'cranium', 'reproductive anatomy', 'absolute change in urine vma level', 'blood igd', 'cd25(+) cell to cd4(+) cell ratio as', 'potassium chloride response/sensitivity measurement', 'milk fat concentration', 'trochlear nerve size trait', 'meat fatty acid trans-11-c18:1 percentage', 'kidney fibrotic lesion area to total kidney area ratio', 'basisphenoid bone morphology trait', 'muscle fatty acid', 'rib', 'tracheal-bronchial branching morphogenesis trait', 'milk urea amount', 'artery lumen measurement', 'rod morphology trait', 'hypothalamus serotonin', 'lung mass', 'innervation', "merkel's receptor nerve fiber", 'calculated food intake weight measurement', 'trimmed wholesale product weight', 'heart wet weight', 'organ of corti', 'phenylephrine response/sensitivity measurement', 'both testes wet weight as percentage of body weight', 'sagittal suture', 'strial marginal cell', 'haemoglobin concentration', 'heart left ventricle igf1r mrna', 'serum cpk activity', 'blood ace activity', 'heart right ventricle weight to left ventricle weight ratio', 'pyramid of vermis morphology', 'antigen presenting cell', 'abr threshold', 'coat density', 'helper t lymphocyte type 2 cell number', 'outflow tract morphology trait', 'circulating b-cell stimulatory factor 2 level', 'calculated femoral neck cross-sectional', 'change in diastolic blood pressure', 'fractional change in blood vessel diameter per unit change in intravascular pressure', 'blood glycated hemoglobin', 'pituitary gland wet', 'acute phase protein amount', 'metatarsal bone weight', 'nk t-lymphocyte', 'cd4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t cell', 'clitoris size trait', 'hyaloid membrane morphology trait', 'age at onset/diagnosis of diabetes mellitus', 'meat fatty acid trans-11-c18', 'anterior prostate morphology trait', 'anterior stroma morphology trait', 'retinal ganglion layer morphology trait', 'pancreatic alpha cell physiology trait', 'segmented neutrophil count as percentage of total white blood cells', 'midbrain-hindbrain boundary development', 'occipitoparietal suture morphology', 'calculated neuronal golgi apparatus area', 'tibia cortical bone midshaft periosteal cross-sectional area', 'polynuclear neutrophilic leukocyte physiology trait', 'mesenteric artery molecular composition measurement', 'plasma idl-c level', 'spinal cord morphological measurement', 'splenic b cell corona', 'convoluted tubule morphology', 'sternum length', 'cochlear window morphology', 'nervous system tumor measurement', 'spine of scapula', 'milk omega-6 fatty acid content', 'ldl level', 't wave amplitude', 'pulmonary artery (pa) blood pressure measurement', 'presacral vertebrae number', 'parietal bone', 'calculated kidney glomerulosclerosis', 'abrs', 'blood t helper 1-like cell count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'rt6.1 positive t cell count', 'vaginal epithelium', 'thermoreceptor morphology trait', 'mononuclear phagocyte', 'proximal forelimb circumference', 'plasma anti-single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody titer', 'abdominal visceral fat', 'food intake weight to change in body weight ratio', 'perilymph physiology', 'lymphatic vessel morphology trait', 'muscle dry matter', 'poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma surface area measurement', 'blood vessel contractile force', 'egg albumen', 'intestine integrity', 'meibomian gland size', 'circulating il15', 'immune system', 'diameter', 'discrimination learning trait', 'labia size', 'phalanges morphology', 'vitreous body morphology trait', 'serum anti-type ii collagen antibody titer normalized for absorbance', 'neurocranium mineral mass', 'tarsal gland size trait', 'behavioral response to novel environment', 'colorectal adenoma incidence', 'pulse pressure', 'benign colorectal cancer incidence', 'plasma reduced glutathione level', 'claudius cell morphology trait', 'splenic capsule', 'diabetes mellitus type ii incidence', 'number of escape attempts in an experimental apparatus', 'myelin sheath morphology', 'brain non-tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence measurement', 'helper t cell type 2 morphology', 'urine potassium amount', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,trans-11-c18:2 percentage', 'incisor bone', 'granulosa cell differentiation', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t lymphocyte number', 'absolute change in thymus', 'blood circulatory physiology', 'circulating homocysteine', 'circulating macrophage cell factor level', 'cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta treg morphology trait', 'calculated intramuscular fat area', 'skin k+ level to skin h2o level ratio', 'homotypic cortex', 'optic nerve fiber organization', 'plasma parathyroid hormone level', 'milk fat-to-protein ratio', 'phenylephrine-induced blood vessel contractile force expressed as percent of force at baseline', 'the wet weight of a single adrenal gland', 'thoracic aorta morphology trait', 'limb/digit morphology', 'stomach squamous epithelium morphology', 'stria vascularis melanocyte', 'change in plasma e. coli specific antibody level after challenge', 'metatarsus weight', 'metacarpal bone morphology trait', 'utricular macula morphology', 'c-reactive protein physiology', 'urine urea level', 'milk total protein amount', 'meatus auditorius internus', 'spleen wet', 'hypoglossal nucleus morphology', 'calculated blood vessel contractile force', 'renal fat pad mass', 'il-12 p70 secretion', 'organ of corti morphology trait', 'pancreatic islet area to total pancreas area ratio', 'mast cell growth factor-2 secretion', 'plasma ace activity', 'horizontal cell', 'serum cholesterol level', 'aorta wall extracellular collagen weight', 'total fat pad', 'cholinergic system morphology trait', 'tissue weight of the esophagus', 'transitional stage b lymphocyte', 'meibomian gland size trait', 'active-zone-anchored inner hair cell synaptic ribbon', 'blood ig', 'serum igg subtype', 'mononuclear leukocyte differentiation trait', 'stomach epithelial cell', 'iga concentration', 'extraembryonic endoderm morphology', 'epiphyseal plate proliferative zone morphology', 'absolute change in left ventricular diastolic blood pressure', 'femoral midshaft polar moment of inertia', 'tunica vitrea morphology', 'memory t lymphocyte', 'abdominal visceral fat area', 'nk cell physiology trait', 'colostrum growth hormone', 'serum immunoglobulin a', 'intraepithelial t-cell', 'number of live offspring per litter', 'marrow cavity development trait', 'venous blood pressure', 'central nervous system synapse formation trait', 'pubis morphology trait', 'retroperitoneal fat pad morphology trait', 'external meatus', 'backfat thickness', 'blood electrolyte measurement', 'blood triiodothyronine level', 'ciliary body', 'sympathetic neuron morphology', 'middle ear bone', 'reticulo-rumen morphology', 'blood vessel physiology', 'connective tissue development trait', 'trigeminal nerve integrity trait', 'pca inner diameter', 'forelimb long bone morphology', 'trigeminal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor incidence/prevalence', 'calculated blood alcohol', 'leydig cell number', 'intestine trypsin amount', 'urine aldosterone level', 'oocyte count', 'vertebra area', "meckel's cartilage development", 'lumbar vertebra number', 'liver granuloma severity composite score', 'percent of live offspring per litter', 'blood adrenaline level', 'front limb morphological', 'vertical eye alignment trait', 'total volumetric bmd', 'kidney glutathione-s-transferase activity', 'socialization', 'adipose tissue composition', 'back fat thickness, last rib', 'ulna morphology trait', 'spinal nerve morphology', 'heart left atrium morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c17:1 concentration', 'alcohol preference', 'pancreas weight to tibia', 'anion gap', 'total aortic wall dry weight', 'calculated motor neuron count', 'milk fatty acid cis-15-c18:1 concentration', 'mucosal lining of the mouth', 'dendritic cell antigen presentation trait', 'cerebellar molecular layer', 'percentage of study population developing spleen fibrosis during a period of time', 'prepulse inhibition', 'cerebrum integrity trait', 'dn1 thymic pro-t-cell number', 'minor salivary gland morphology trait', 'blood ldl phospholipid amount', 'toll-like receptor 2 protein', 'phagocyte morphology trait', 'tibio-fibular complex cortical bone endosteal cross-sectional', 'tibialis anterior muscle', 'brain type i spike-wave discharge frequency', 'bulbourethral gland wet', 'cerebellar anterior vermis morphology trait', 'morphine', 'blood vessel lesion measurement', 'cn-iv morphology trait', 'helper t-cell type 1 cell', 'autoantibody titer', 'late pro-b cell morphology trait', 'haemoglobin level', 'calculated bone section morphological measurement', 'olfactory lobe', 'spleen white pulp morphology', 'meat fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18', 'fat pad morphology', 'otic vesicle morphology', 'combined food plus drink energy intake rate', 'sex gland morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,trans-14-c18:2 concentration', 'parasympathetic cholinergic neuron morphology', 'circulating interleukin-23a level', 'r73 cell', 'vascular smooth muscle cell', 'mammillary body morphology trait', 'meat fatty acid c14', 'isthmic organizer morphology', 'foreskin size trait', 'minimum weekly bpa-fructose drink intake rate', 'hip girth', 'spleen follicle center morphology trait', 'heart molecular composition trait', 'milk fatty acid cis-14-c18', 'liver color', 'lung vascular morphology', 'shoulder percentage', 'embryonic node', 'hepatic reduced glutathione', 'circulating lipid level', 'udder size trait', 'bilateral renal agenesis incidence/prevalence', 'comb morphology', 'interleukin-23 p40 secretion', 'internal auditory meatus morphology trait', 'memory b lymphocyte', 'glomerular capillaries morphology', 'serum sod activity', 'glandulae tarsales size', 'phagocytic cell morphology', 'tender weight', 'tibial toughness', 'circulating il3 level', 'kidney development trait', 'muscle linoleic acid content', 'blood low density lipoprotein phospholipid level', 'inflammatory exudate no', 'proerythroblast morphology', 'cervical lymph node cell quantity', 'milk fatty acid trans-10,trans-12-c18:2 concentration', 'secondary somatosensory cortex morphology trait', 'vestibular hair cell stereocilia morphology trait', 'placental labyrinth morphology', 'motile sperm count', 'serum epinephrine', 'suppressor t-lymphocyte', 'plasma peptidyl-dipeptidase a activity level', 'body weight loss', 'lung epithelial cell', 'calculated both kidneys weight', 'circulating ammonia', 'differential white blood cell', 'lambdoid suture morphology trait', 'organ of corti patterning trait', 'lung morphological', 'gastric surface mucous cell', 'follicle mantle morphology trait', 'circulating bsf-1', 'erythrocyte quantity', 'blood monoamine hormone', 'interleukin-12b secretion', 'frontoparietal suture', 'atrial auricle morphology trait', 'spinal column morphology', 'macrophage recruitment trait', 'humerus length', 'nervous system tract morphology trait', 'b lymphocyte apoptosis', 'pineal body morphology trait', 'pallium morphology trait', 'purkinje fiber', 'hair follicle development trait', 'plasma igf1', 'kidney vascular morphology trait', 'basophil percentage', 'gonadal fat pad', 'blood angiotensin ii amount', 'circulating lymphocyte chemoattractant factor level', 'spleen molecular composition trait', 'blood chloride amount', 'blood pituitary hormone', 'henle membrane morphology trait', 'calculated blood differential wbc', 'cd8-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t cell morphology', 'mast-cell colony-stimulating factor secretion', 'islet of langerhans measurement', 'heart intraventricular end-systolic wall thickness', 'circulating interleukin-23 alpha level', 'single-positive t cell morphology trait', 'hippocampus pyramidal cell number', 'follicular arteriole morphology', 'infarction volume', 'osteocyte morphology trait', 'granulocyte differentiation', 'cerebellum development', 'helper t cell type 1 cell differentiation', 'bun', 'abducens nerve morphology', 'blood neutrophil count to total leukocyte count ratio', 'liver copper', 'muscle dry matter content', 'milk free calcium', 'adipose unsaturated fatty acid', 'sinoatrial node', 'neuronal vacuole measurement', 'heart weight as percentage of body', 'splenic periarteriolar lymphoid sheath morphology', 'metacarpus morphology trait', 'heart left ventricle morphological measurement', 'endplate potential activity', 'body wall morphology trait', 'lung wet', 'blood-brain barrier morphology', 'q wave duration', 'mitogen-stimulated white blood cell dna synthesis measurement', 'total leukocyte', 'endometrioid carcinoma incidence/prevalence measurement', 'bile duct development', 'serum anion gap', 'gonadal fat pad morphology', 'cochlear outer hair cell afferent innervation', 'urine urea level to urine creatinine level ratio', 'mpnst incidence/prevalence measurement', 'bone marrow cell quantity', 'otolithic membrane attachment', 'primary muscle spindle size', 'vestibular ganglion', 'milk linoleic acid', 'vascular morphology trait', 'plasma anti-laminin antibody level', 'aortic wall thickness', 'calculated lymphocyte tracer radioactivity', 'lacrimal gland cholinergic nerve fiber quantity', 't cell receptor v(d)j joining', 'lung molecular composition', 'vibrissa', 'serum epinephrine level', 'joint inflammation measurement', 'left ventricular isovolumetric contraction time', 'ratio of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells to total liver tumorous lesion cells', 'self mutilation severity measurement', 'infection incidence/prevalence', 'motor coordination/balance trait', 'milk tetracosanoic acid content', 'serum anti-single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody', 'venous', 'blood prolactin', 'blood vitamin', 'growth plate', 'total body weight', 'external auditory canal morphology trait', 'herpes simplex encephalitis prevalence', 'z line', 'serum anti-self antibody', 'parasympathetic neuron', 'circulating il10 level', 'plasma anti-rat type ii collagen antibody', 'igg1', 'serum immunoglobulin g subtype', 'tcr beta chain v(d)j recombination', 'ratio of the volume of ethanol consumed to the total volume of fluid consumed', 'sclerotome', 'heart right atrium mass', 'blood autoantibody level', 'congenital malformation incidence/prevalence measurement', 'blood naga activity', 'right lung wet weight', 'costal cartilage morphology', 'total enos protein level', 'monocyte differentiation', 'plasma apolipoprotein level', 'spleen b cell follicle cell', 'trans-9-octadecenoic acid content', 'ampullary groove morphology', 'circulating lcf factor level', 'epidermis stratum granulosum', 't cell clonal deletion', 'pmn morphology trait', 'heart left ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid', 'age at onset/diagnosis of juvenile diabetes', 'hypothalamus homovanillic acid amount', 'total wall area of artery', 'superior cervical ganglion', 'circulating il-23p40', 'interventricular groove morphology', 'aortic configuration', 'germ cell number', 'germ cell morphology trait', 'calculated blood vessel maximum contractile force', 'pyometritis incidence/prevalence', 'testes size', 'forelimb conformation', 'neutrophil granulocyte', "number of peyer's patches", 'basilar membrane morphology trait', 'meat fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18:2 percentage', 'basilar lamina', 'loin fat', 'spleen secondary b follicle', 'skin chloride level to skin dry weight ratio', 'milk fatty acid c20:4 n-6', 'adipose myristic acid concentration', 'interleukin-6 secretion trait', 'chemokine physiology trait', 'blood very low density lipoprotein triglyceride level', 'estrous cycle', 'timing of embryo turning', 'milk diacylglycerol', 'vestibular dark cell morphology trait', 'serum very low density lipoprotein cholesterol level', 'middle ear ossicle size trait', 'b lymphocyte count', 'pancreas/salivary gland', 'clp morphology trait', 'cerebrovascular system morphology trait', 'enteric neuron quantity', 'tunica albuginea oculi morphology', 'plasma igd', 'thyroid gland cell quantity', 'bone biomechanical measurement', 'proventriculus weight', 'sclera', 'pdc cell', 'epididymal fat pad morphology', 'kidney pyramid size', 'craniofacial bone', 'forebrain cell number', 'immunoglobulin light chain v-j rearrangement', 'brain type ii spike-wave activity rate', 'dorsal basal ganglia morphology', 'serum immunoglobulin e', 'aggression-related behavior trait', 'skin moisture', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis progression', 'calculated renal non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'tail regeneration trait', 'labia majora size', 'fenestra ovalis morphology trait', 'blood carboxyhaemoglobin level', 'feather pigmentation', 'leg', 'enteric cholinergic innervation pattern', 'immunoglobulin v-j recombination', 'ventilation measurement', 'vestibular hair cell stereociliary bundle', 'interlabial sulcus', 'bacteria quantity', 'myolemma', 'deltoid eminence morphology trait', 'body fat morphological', 'trabecular vbmd', 'urinary system integrity', 'myelin sheath morphology trait', 'cerebellar glomerulus', 'epiglottis morphology trait', 'serum anti-rat type ii collagen antibody titer', 'occipital suture morphology', 'serum tc level', 'skeletal myogenesis trait', 'sister chromatid exchange', 'heart atrium size', 'measurement of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reaction', 'anterior nares morphology', 'mammary gland progenitor cell number', 'kidney pyramid morphology trait', 'circulating il-12p35', 'left testis wet weight', 'sebaceous gland function', 'lymphatic vessel cell', 'joint inflammation composite score', 'testis ribonucleic acid', 'milk fatty acid c11:0 concentration', 'dressed carcass bone percentage', 'blood aspartate transaminase', 'molar', 'physiological saline intake volume', 'stretched-attend posture', 'germinal center b cell morphology', 'digit development trait', 'cheek bone', 'milk color redness', 'blood murinoglobulin 1', 'milk undecanoic acid', 'serum ast activity', 'hippocampal fornix morphology', 'number of fetuses lost perinatally', 'serum anti-rat type ii collagen autoantibody level', 'epididymal fat depot morphology', 'neutrophil recruitment', 'heart ventricle size trait', 'epididymis morphology', 'filtration angle morphology trait', 'csf mineral', 'type ii pneumocyte', 'weaned offspring number', 'erythrocyte count', 'primitive node morphology', 'basis stapedis morphology trait', 'blood naga amount', 'right atrium weight', 'ts/c cell', 'birth', 'area of prostate occupied by tumorous lesions', 'pyometritis incidence', 'mammary gland mass', 'ratio of the count of inflammatory cell-infiltrated pancreatic islets without b cell pathology to the total pancreatic islet count', 'ligament morphology trait', 'fob cell', 'colliculi morphology', 'response to nicotine', 'organ of corti supporting cell differentiation', 'coat/hair development', 'lens clarity trait', 'anti-histone antibody level', 'paries vestibularis ductus cochlearis morphology', 'serum anti-dna antibody titer', 'hepatic malondialdehyde', 'blood t helper cell', 'muscle electrical activity', 'membrana basilaris morphology', 'gizzard mass', 'fallopian tube size trait', 'transitional three stage b-cell morphology trait', 'extraembryonic endoderm morphology trait', 'organ non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'regulatory t-cell', 'thymus cortex', 'intestine morphology', 'calculated back fat morphological', 'iridocorneal angle morphology', 'vulva morphology trait', 'blood eosinophil', 'ulna length', 'il-3 secretion', 'number of viable embryos per gestation', 'dressed carcass bone', 'nitric oxide amount', 'urine myoglobin', 'blood alt activity level', 'ratio of neointimal hyperplasia area to total wall area of artery', 'blood gas measurement', 'ventral horn morphology trait', 'contralateral side motor neuron count', 'blood high density lipoprotein phospholipid level', 'femoral neck area moment of inertia', 'behavioral response to xenobiotic stimulus', 'stomach tumor histological grade', 'ventral body wall', 'heart left ventricle morphology trait', 'plasma chloride', 'lymph node b cell domain morphology trait', 'serum very low density lipoprotein phospholipid', 'inguinal fat pad weight to tibia length ratio', 'left atrial weight', 'interleukin level', 'glutamic-pyruvic transaminase', 'cervical lymph node morphology', 'proerythroblast', 'vomeronasal organ morphology trait', 'claudius cell morphology', 'serum comp level', 'hindbrain', 'bursa of fabricius size', 'neutrophil number', 'sphenoid sinus morphology trait', 'bulbourethral gland size trait', 'pallidum morphology', 'ethanol intake weight', 'longissimus thoracis width', 'limb posture trait', 'tooth strength trait', 'circulating il1a level', 'caudal vertebrae', 'inguinal fat pad morphology', 'mortality measurement', 'cochlear hair cell stereocilia number', 'urine chloride excretion rate', 'pharyngeal muscle morphology trait', 'lymph node-specific lymphocyte tracer radioactivity', 'brain total type i swd duration', 'skin development trait', 'right kidney wet weight', 'basilar membrane morphology', 'basisphenoid morphology', 'bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue morphology trait', 'ifn-beta 2 secretion', 'transitional two stage b lymphocyte morphology', 'posture', 'tissue weight of the omasum', 'body fat percentage, schutte equation', 'circulating cytokine cx2 level', 'water intake drink rate', 'pancreatic islet insulin level', 'absolute change in plasma noradrenaline', 'calculated heart lv dna content', 'subcutaneous adipose amount', 'cd45rclow cd8 t cell count', 'appendage development trait', 'fingernail length', 'pancreatic islet area', 'fractional change in vessel distensibility contributing', 'experimental allergic encephalomyelitis incidence/prevalence', 'vertebral trabecular cross-sectional area', 'circulating ro-23-6019 level', 'caudal vertebra morphology', 'pharyngeal muscle', 'total milk fat content', 'urine ketone body level', 'oligodendrocyte quantity', 'tibial work', 'percentage of study population displaying type 1 diabetes mellitus at a point in time', 'meat omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid', 'serum aldosterone level', 'plasma anti-porcine type 2 collagen antibody titer', 'aqueous drainage system', 'dorsal-ventral axis patterning', 'myeloid dendritic cell quantity', 'nkt cell', 'urine sodium level', 'renal cortex trpv4 protein', 't-associated plasma cells cell', 'enteric cholinergic neuron morphology trait', 'dopaminergic neuron morphology', 'descemet membrane morphology', 'immunoglobulin v(d)j recombination trait', 'blood cd45rclow cd4 t lymphocyte', 'cardiac capacities', 'locomotor activity', 'disease population', 'lamina basilaris cochleae morphology', "peyer's patch size", 'esophageal squamous epithelium morphology trait', 'splenic germinal center size', 'thoracic aorta molecular composition trait', 'brainstem auditory evoked potential', 'total basal body weight', 'mammary gland secreted fluid morphology', 'milk fatty acid trans-8,cis-10-c18:2 percentage', 'calculated serum lipoprotein level', 'squama temporalis', 'fusion of vertebral bodies/neural arches', 'latency of induced diabetes mellitus', 'residual milk volume', 'deep cortex', 'total muscle weight', 'cochlea morphology', 'circulating prolactin', 'nervous system measurement', 'nostril morphology trait', 'juvenile diabetes incidence', 'percentage of study population displaying experimental arthritis at a point in time', 'blood lactate dehydrogenase activity level', 'spleen marginal zone', 'calculated drink calorie intake', 'nicotine trait', 'abdominal subcutaneous fat area', 'eosinophilic leucocyte morphology trait', 'blood inhibin', 't-cell lymphoma latency', 'calculated blood ethanol', 'endocrine/exocrine system', 'spiral ganglion', 'multipotent stem cell morphology', 'absolute change in left rear ankle joint diameter', 'pineal gland morphology', 'lachrymal gland morphology', 'self tolerance', 'milk fatty acid trans-10,trans-12-c18', 'hemolymphatic system development trait', 't cell receptor alpha/beta positive cell count', 'skin chloride level to skin water level ratio', 'muscular system physiology trait', 'vertebrae morphology trait', 'placenta dry weight', 'milk trans-16-octadecenoic acid content', 'milk lactoperoxidase amount', 'abducens nerve', 'urine albumin', 'aqueous humor morphology trait', 'opercular flap', 'milk linolenic acid percentage', 'labyrinthine righting reflex measurement', 'blood atrial natriuretic factor amount', 'ovary molecular composition trait', 'lesioned artery residual lumen area', 'dn4 alpha-beta immature t lymphocyte number', 'death incidence measurement as a', 'pericardial fat pad morphology trait', 'renal tubule', 'caculated blood apolipoprotein', 'midbrain/pons hva', 'brain physiological', 'blood glutamate dehydrogenase activity', 'barrel cortex', 'muscle thickness of the stomach', 'acoustic startle reaction measurement', 'thymus trabeculae morphology', 'waist circumference', 'milk fatty acid trans-11,trans-15-c18:2 percentage', 'inguinal lymph node mass', 'voluntary social interaction measurement', 'blood total protein amount', 'malleal processus brevis morphology', 'integumentary system morphology', 'inguinal canal morphology', 'blood lactate dehydrogenase activity', 'femur head morphological measurement', 'milk fatty acid c9', 'thoracolumbar system morphology trait', 'lymphocyte number', 'statoconia size', 'amount of experiment time spent in a discrete space in an experimental apparatus', 'ornithine decarboxylase activity trait', 'cranial/facial bone morphology', 'testes physiology trait', 'renin activity', 'prostate tumor', 'sensorineural hearing physiology trait', 'functional nipple number', 'peripheral lymph node morphology trait', 'pancreatic islet molecular composition measurement', 'cerebral physiology', 'serum haemoglobin level', 'thigh', 'spinal cord molecular composition trait', 'offspring mortality', 'hematopoietic system morphology', 'photoreceptor inner segment morphology trait', 'corpus luteum number', 'corneal stroma thickness', 'medulla oblongata homovanillic acid', 'cornea curvature trait', 'ethmoid sinus', 'blood glutamate dehydrogenase', 'plasma intermediate density lipoprotein phospholipid level', 'blood glutathione peroxidase activity', 'white adipocyte', 't cell receptor beta chain v-d-j rearrangement', 'neurophysis morphology trait', 'body weight area under curve (auc)', "hassall's corpuscle morphology", 'squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue tumor number', 'calculated colonic aganglionosis severity measurement', 'blood vldl particle size', 'stapes', 'reduced mature b cell number', 'cochlear hair bundle tip links', 'cd4-cd8- t cell morphology trait', 'cholinergic innervation pattern', 'urine molecular composition trait', 'meat gadoleic acid content', 'aortic smooth muscle cell count per unit vessel', 'red blood cell morphology trait', 'regulatory t-cell morphology', 'iron amount', 'posterior eye segment', 'post-immunization time to onset of experimental autoimmune neuritis', 'cementum morphology trait', 'per unit time', 'intermuscular fat', 'blood nk cell percentage', 'intact tumor cells in nonremodelling liver tumorous lesions', 'blood acetaminophen level', 'spermiogenesis trait', 'femur midshaft area moment of inertia', 'synaptic epinephrine release trait', 'percentage of study population developing prostate tumorous lesions during a period of time', 'disease severity measurement', 'ventral prostate tumorous lesion measurement', 'vibrissa organization', 'blood viscosity measurement', 'liver tumorous lesion size measurement', 'taste papillae morphology', 'stereotypic behavior trait', 'sulcus ampullaris morphology', 'double-positive t cell', 'superior olivary complex', 'milk fat', 'drumstick muscle', 'blood bilirubin amount', 'endometrioid carcinoma incidence/prevalence', 'drumstick percentage', 'calculated pancreas insulin', 'tooth anlage development trait', "hensen's node morphology trait", 'femur mass', 'serum angiotensin i converting enzyme activity', 'meat lauric acid content', 'compulsivity behavior trait', 'myocardial cell morphology trait', 'aorta integrity', 'pectoralis muscle mass', 'plasma testosterone level', 'endometrioid carcinoma incidence', 'vasculosa oculi', 'milk trans-4-octadecenoic acid', 'milk vaccenic acid percentage', 'vertebral arch development trait', 'skin cl-', 'perilymphatic space', 'blood interleukin-10', 'basilar lamina morphology trait', 'retinal inner nuclear layer morphology trait', 'stereotypy', 'blood vessel smooth muscle cell count', 'liver fibrosis', 'egg odor intensity', 'muller fiber morphology', 'plasma paracetamol level', 'femoral neck cross-sectional area', 'cornea clarity', 'granule layer morphology trait', 'spinal cord interneuron morphology trait', 'body height', 'bone ultimate force', 'mucosa thickness of the stomach', 'blood vessel constriction', 'plasma anti-dna antibody', 'plasma rat anti-self type 2 collagen antibody level', 'calculated water drink intake volume', 'anti-self antibody measurement', 't helper 1 cell', 'lymph node size', 'blood anti-toxoplasma antibody', 'plasma anti-porcine type ii collagen antibody level', 'pubis morphology', 'shoulder blade', 'bacterial infection severity', 'posterior nares morphology', 'cardiac myocyte morphology', 'inflammatory exudate nitric oxide', 'milk polyunsaturated fatty acid content', 'arteriole', 'postnatal subventricular zone', 'suprarenal gland dry weight', 'nervous/sensory system', 'aorta wall protein/peptide composition measurement', 't cell receptor v-d-j rearrangement', 'circulating il-7', 'blood il6 level', 'mean proximal tubular hydraulic pressure', 'fat morphology', 'rostral-caudal axis somite development trait', 'forebrain morphology trait', 'urine epinephrine amount', 'milk beta-casein', 'liver reduced glutathione level to liver weight ratio', 'osteoclast cell', 'calculated plasma paracetamol level', 'tibia elasticity', 'retroperitoneal fat pad mass', 'percentage of study population displaying gastric tumors at a point in time', 'eosinophil recruitment', 'central nervous system physiology', 'adrenal gland physiology trait', 'lateral process of malleus morphology trait', 'glutamate receptor current', 'tarsometatarsus mass', 'plasma non-hdl, non-ldl cholesterol level', 'trigeminal ganglion size trait', 'dermis morphology trait', 'cd8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t-cell', 'lateral prostate size trait', 'memory t-cell morphology', 'axon', 'calculated plasma epinephrine level', 'toxoplasmosis incidence', 'blood activated t cell count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'serum anti-type ii collagen antibody titer', 'anti-chromatin antibody level', 'pituitary tumor incidence/prevalence', 't2 stage b cell', 'acetylcholine response/sensitivity measurement', 'beta-actin protein level', 'prostate morphology trait', 'blood vitamin a1', 'splenic fibrosis incidence', 'foliate papillae morphology', 'testis weight as percentage of body', 'tissue dopamine amount', 'surface structure morphology', 'heart lesion measurement', 'age of onset/diagnosis of cataract', 'superior semicircular canal size', 'skeletal muscle cell number', 'liver gst-p mrna', 'blood triglyceride', 'medullary cavity development', 'penis size trait', 'eosinophil percentage', 'mouth mucosa morphology trait', 'lateral semicircular canal size', 'heart molecular composition', 'egg production rate, fowl', 'neuronal lysosome measurement', 'blood mineral', 'bone marrow morphological', 'area of liver occupied by tumorous lesions as percentage of total liver area', 'thrombocyte development', 'end-diastolic volume', 'bone section total volume', 'a wave velocity', 'liver copper weight per total liver', 'epidermis stratum basale morphology trait', 'skin translucence', 'total heart left ventricle weight', 'milk beta-lactoglobulin amount', 'right suprarenal gland wet weight', 'abdominal wall morphology trait', 'bone section morphological measurement', 'adipose tissue', 'lung angiotensin i converting enzyme 2 activity level', 'adipose morphology', 'morphology trait of the vascular layer of the eyeball', 'hippocampal fornix morphology trait', 'saccharin intake volume to total fluid intake volume ratio', 'change in body', 'putamen morphology', 'muscle fatty acid cis-9-c18:1', 'heart tube orientation trait', 'parietal suture', 'eye size', 'milk plasmin content', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive nuclei', 'calculated drink intake volume', 'proprioception system', 'viral infection onset/diagnosis', 'colorectal adenocarcinoma number', 'cholesterol amount', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte', 'calculated liver volume', 'lung measurement', 'meat fatty acid cis-9-c16:1', 'myeloid leukemia incidence/prevalence', 'leg fat weight', 'differential white blood cell percentage', 'muscle cellular composition', 'horn length', 'quadriceps morphology trait', 'autonomic nervous system physiology', 'outer hair cell stereociliary bundle orientation', 'laryngeal mucosa', 'somatic sympathetic system', 'plasma angii/angi ratio', 'total liver area', 'heart left ventricle fractional shortening', 'cerebral cortex pyramidal neuron', 'change in blood insulin level', 'oculomotor nerve', 'milk fatty acid trans-6/8-c18', 'calculated neuronal lysosome area measurement', 'blood orm1 level', 'fertility trait', 'methacholine response/sensitivity measurement', 'blood norepinephrine amount', 'hypothalamus dopamine amount', 'heart left ventricle weight to body weight ratio', 'milk fatty acid c20:2 percentage', 'blood interleukin-3', 'liver tumor prevalence', 'fat distribution', 'circulating lymphocyte-activating factor level', 'antigen presentation trait', 'energy intake measurement', 'calculated colonic aganglionosis severity', 'force at baseline', 'ham', 'strial basal cell morphology trait', 'ampa-mediated synaptic current trait', 'hepatic total tumorous lesion number', 'stapes morphology trait', 'liver plant sterol and stanol', 'langerhans cell', 'drink intake measurement', 'left ventricular end-systolic dimension', 'artery neointimal hyperplastic lesion area to total wall area ratio', 'tibia midshaft endosteal cross-sectional area', 'plasma lipid', 'retinal ganglion cell', 'blood ck activity level', 'milk eicosanoic acid percentage', 'jejunum glandular crypt', 'kcl response/sensitivity', 'vitreal fibrous tissue morphology trait', 'blood-air barrier morphology', 'cerebral infarction size', 'interparietal bone morphology trait', 'fenestra vestibuli morphology trait', 'tooth development', 'd-hair receptor', 'calculated daily sperm', 'end-systolic heart left ventricle posterior wall', 'interdigitating reticular cell physiology', 'intercostal muscle morphology', 'liver fibrotic lesion measurement', 'cecum mucosa', 't cell receptor gamma chain v-j recombination trait', 'cervical fold', 'plasma carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks', 'equilibrioception system morphology trait', 'heart right ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content', 'neurotransmitter release', 'calculated renal glomerulosclerosis', 'calculated sucrose drink intake volume', 'conjunctival epithelium morphology', 'epicanthal fold morphology trait', 'urethra', 'drink calorie intake measurement', 'concentration of sodium nitroprusside at which the reduction in force during dilation of a blood vessel is half the maximum value (ec50)', 'lymph circulatory physiology', 'total vbmd', 'platelet distribution', 'optic nerve size', 'lumbar vertebra mineral mass', 'microglial cell physiology trait', 'hearing system', 'deiters cell', 'circulating free fatty acids', 'plasma anti-single-stranded dna antibody', 'well differentiated malignant colorectal tumor surface area measurement', 'vertebrae number', 'uterine natural killer cell morphology', 'ratio of insulin-positive cell area to total area of tail region of pancreas', 'uterine natural killer cell morphology trait', 'hepatic system physiology trait', 'gastrocnemius morphology', 'aortic arch morphology', 'binary logarithm of pituitary gland wet weight', 'blood chemistry measurement', 'peripheral nervous system synaptic transmission', 'heart left atrium size trait', 'loin muscle weight', 'auricle of atrium configuration', 'corneal endothelium morphology trait', 'hct', 'sweet taste sensitivity trait', 'labium morphology trait', 'wool staple strength', 'milk phospholipid concentration', 'latency to locate a target in an experimental apparatus', 'blood lca t4 t cell count', 'type 1 diabetes mellitus prevalence', 'urine', 'skeletal muscle fiber morphological measurement', 'gastrointestinal system morphology', 'thyroid gland morphological measurement', 'sertoli cell quantity', 'milk floral flavor intensity', 'ptprc+ thymocyte count', 'supramarginal gyrus morphology trait', 'hypophysis', 'liver size', 'blood coagulation trait', "meckel's cartilage development trait", 'jejunum crypt of lieberkuhn depth', 'hindlimb muscle mass', 'meat pentadecylic acid', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth tumor', 'brain spike-wave discharge', 'preputial gland morphology', 'calculated neuron rough endoplasmic reticulum area measurement', 'body', 'circulating hematopoietin-2 level', 'serum adrenaline', 'facial nuclei cell number', 'plasma alanine transaminase activity level', 'plasma total cholesterol level', 'vertebra development trait', 'blood cd4+ t helper cell count', 'benign hepatic tumor incidence/prevalence', 'pancreatic islet oxygen tension', 'large intestine mass', 'skin pigmentation trait', 'vitamin metabolism trait', 'dn2 thymocyte', 'plasma very low density lipoprotein cholesterol', 'heart contraction measurement', 'vestibulocochlear nerve', 'lymphocyte mitogenic factor secretion', 'blood creatinine', 'pns glia', 'il-21 secretion', 'blood pyruvate level', 'milk fatty acid trans-10-c18:1', 'calculated pancreatic islet', 'milk mineral concentration', 'heart rna composition', 'plasma testosterone', 'eosinophil cell', 'number of immature b lymphocytes', 'lumbar vertebra compact bone cross-sectional', 'heart ventricular', 'magnesium', 'potassium chloride response/sensitivity', 'milk fatty acid trans-8,trans-10-c18:2 concentration', 'erythroblast', 'chorion', 'canalis spiralis cochleae size trait', 'mature t cell', 'circulating progesterone level', 'tegmentum', 'percentage of study population displaying acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis at a point in time', 'cbc', 'mast cell differentiation', 'brain ventricle morphological', 'testis size', 'pharyngotympanic tube morphology', 'fdcn morphology', 'alcohol metabolism', 'heart muscle cell morphology trait', 'cd4-, cd8-, alpha-beta intraepithelial t cell morphology', 'endocrine system physiology', 'cutis plate morphology trait', 'palmar eccrine gland morphology trait', 'limb morphology trait', 'femur head morphological', 'thymus cortex morphology', 'thermal stimulus trait', 'brachial lymph node morphology', 'kidney ren level', 'nervous system integrity', 'colorectal neoplasm measurement', 'extraembryonic tissue morphology', 'daily sperm count to epididymis weight ratio', 'egg white percentage, fowl', 'jejunum mucosa morphology trait', 'brown adipose amount', 'leukocyte count', 'heart left ventricle infarction', 'aortic wall elastin', 'bursa of fabricius size trait', 'heart left ventricle natriuretic peptide a protein level', 'blood alcohol level at regain of balance/traction', 'effector t lymphocyte', 'tissue hva', 'humerus mass', 'nasal epithelium morphology', 'horizontal cell morphology trait', 'pacemaker morphology', 'adrenergic nerve fiber', 'blood thyrotropin level', 'skeletal muscle conductivity trait', 'milk sulfur', 'absolute change in the sum of right rear ankle joint diameter and left rear ankle joint diameter', 'telencephalon morphology', 'muscle oleic acid', 'gastric tumorous lesion', 'meat omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content', 'total pituicyte', 'langerhans cell morphology', 'cochlear inner hair cell afferent innervation pattern', 'cutis vera morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-10,cis-12-c18:2 percentage', 'plasma ige level', 'heart left ventricle weight to tibia length ratio', 'milk iron', 'calculated intestinal aganglionosis severity', 'inhibitory postsynaptic current', 'cardiomyocyte morphological', 'meat calpain activity', 'uveal tract morphology', 'scarpa ganglion morphology trait', 'outer ear development', 'post-insult time to onset of t-cell lymphoma', 'transitional one stage b-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'cardiac muscle physiology', 'blood transferrin amount', 'trabeculae carneae', 'food intake volume', 'pituitary tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 'urinary bladder cell number', 'cytotoxic t lymphocyte cytolysis', 'cervical lymph node cell', 't1 stage b cell', 'meat androstenone odor intensity', 'muscle saturated fatty acid amount', 'percentage of study population displaying hematuria at a point in time', 'cd8+ t cell physiology', 'ventral spinal root morphology', 'percent change in antibody titer', 'head development trait', 'igd', 'cerebral cortex neuron number', 'sphenofrontal suture morphology trait', 'blood mineral content', 'b-cell stimulatory factor-1 secretion', 'ampullary sulcus', 'cornea morphology trait', 'rod neutrophil percentage', 'adipocyte count', 'peripheral lymph node morphology', 'calculated weight of islet beta cells in splenic region of pancreas', 'calculated plasma paracetamol', 'dn2 alpha-beta immature t-lymphocyte number', 'brain size', 'st interval', 'thymus cortico-medullary zone', 'pupil morphology', 'anterior semicircular canal size', 'meat fatty acid cis-5,8,11,14-c20', 'milk soluble calcium amount', 'somatic parasympathetic system morphology trait', 'tcr+ thymocyte', 'pupil number', 'sclerotic coat morphology', 'head-tail axis patterning', 'bone mineral morphological measurement', 'rosenthal canal size', 'adipose fatty acid cis-9-c16:1 content', 'blood t helper 2-like cell count', 'single ovary dry weight', 'calculated serum anti-rat type 2 collagen autoantibody titer', 'adipocyte volume', 'tissue damage', 'calculated kidney non-tumorous lesion', 'helper t-cell type 1 cell number', 'aortic elastin', 'blood uric acid level', 'endocardial cushion orientation', 'long lived plasma cell morphology', 'circulating adrenaline level', 'retinal inner plexiform layer morphology trait', 'tracheal cartilage', 'tissue rna composition measurement', 'alpha-1-acid glycoprotein amount', 'appendicular skeleton morphology', 'processus brevis morphology trait', 'lvesd', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t lymphocyte', 'heart right ventricle capacity', 'transitional one stage b-lymphocyte morphology', 'heart left atrium', 'longissimus dorsi muscle area', 'number of periods of freezing behavior', 'testes size trait', 'benign liver tumor incidence/prevalence', 'lung morphology trait', 'heart ventricle relative wall thickness', 'blood cholesterol amount', 'milk flat flavor intensity', 'pituitary gland hyperplastic lesion incidence/prevalence measurement', 'subcutaneous fat weight/ tibial', 'interlobular fissure development', 'adrenal central medulla morphology', 'gasserian ganglion', 'mammary gland development', 'striate cortex', 'mpnst', 'meat drip loss', 'l5 dorsal root ganglia morphology trait', 'blood creatine phosphokinase activity level', 'cervix', 'sschn tumor', 'blood interleukin-5 amount', 'ear crystal morphology', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence', 'calculated left ventricular pressure', 'lens epithelium', 'digestion trait', 'total breast muscle weight', 'muscle palmitic acid', 'aorta size trait', 'milk urea nitrogen measurement', 'death incidence measurement as percent', 'leukocyte cell number', 'statoconia morphology', 'spinal cord measurement', 'submandibular lymph node size trait', 'blood iron level', 'tnf-alpha physiology trait', 'immune cell morphology trait', 'inflammatory exudate volume', 'blood gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity level', 'bmd', 'partial pressure of pancreatic islet oxygen', 'jejunum', '% change in hct', 'number of periods of freeze behavior', 'interleukin-1 secretion', 'blood cd45rchigh cd4 t lymphocyte', 'blood vasopressin', 'brain type i swd frequency', 'somatic nervous system morphology', 'plasma hdl phospholipid', 'glial cell function', 'alveolar-capillary barrier morphology', 'transitional stage b-cell morphology trait', 'strial melanocyte', 'limb conformation trait', 'platelet count', 't-cell development trait', 'blood cell development trait', 'absolute change in urine vma excretion rate', 'retinal inner nuclear layer morphology', 'acromial process morphology', 'cochlear ohc hair cell efferent innervation', 'sheltering behavior trait', 'kidney glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity to total protein level ratio', 'liver wet weight as percentage of body', 'circulating ammonia level', 'pulmonary vein', 'type ii vestibular cell morphology', 'muscle iron amount', 'nk cell development trait', 'circulating natural killer cell stimulatory factor level', 'inguinal lymph gland dry weight', 'wolffian duct', 'interleukin-1 secretion trait', 'igg2a level', 'cervix epithelium morphology trait', 'lip shape trait', 'adrenergic innervation pattern', 'gubernaculum morphology', 'duration of loss of righting reflex', 'fin', 'myeloblast development', 'malignant hepatocellular carcinoma tumor number', 'esophageal development trait', 'platelet activation', 'crop morphology trait', 'aorta wall extracellular elastin dry weight to aorta length ratio', 'xenobiotic metabolism', 'respiratory conducting tube morphology trait', 'fontanel morphology trait', 'cd4/cd8 ratio', 'plasma igf2', 'milk fatty acid trans-11,trans-13-c18:2 percentage', 'choroid size', 'fibrin formation trait', 'extracraniale ganglion morphology', 'basal lamina morphology trait', 'brain morphology', 'calculated left ventricular end-diastolic blood pressure measurement', 'aortic valve', 'aortic rupture severity', 'lamina basilaris ductus cochlearis morphology trait', 'heart right ventricle size', 'blood anti-nuclear antigen antibody amount', 'liver development trait', 'hippocampus physiology', 'liver ribonucleic acid amount', 'respiratory mucosa morphology trait', 'calculated liver fibrotic lesion area measurement', 'rostral vermis', 'biliary tract morphology', 'mammary tumor formation', 'chewiness score', 'nociceptor', 'langerhans cell morphology trait', 'tracheal cartilage morphology', 'sarcolemma', 'placenta weight at gestational day 20', 'hepatocellular carcinoma incidence/prevalence measurement', 'ratio of the number of neutrophils in an inflammatory exudate to number of all cells in that exudate', 'type 1 helper t cell count', 'foot pad morphology trait', 'nucleus niger morphology trait', 'lymph node morphological measurement', 'urine total protein excretion rate', 'total liver tumorous lesion nuclei', 'mammary alveoli capacity', 'absolute change in urine norepinephrine excretion rate', 'meat physiochemical', 'disease onset/diagnosis measurement', 'cd4-positive t cell development', 'vestibulocochlear nerve morphology trait', 'type i vestibular cell morphology', 'tracheal smooth muscle', 'basicranium', 'difference between time of physical contact/close proximity of test subject and social stimulus during sample phase and test phase', 'meninges morphology trait', 'blood steroid hormone level', 'brain type ii swd rate', 'phalangeal cell morphology', 'well differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma', 'cd8-positive t cell', 'left lung weight', 'cerebellum external granule cell layer morphology trait', 'total experimental time spent in type ii spike-and-wave discharges', 'serum amyloid a protein physiology', 'stroke latency', 'band neutrophil count as percentage of total white blood cells', 'plasma anti-rat type ii collagen autoantibody level', 'left ventricular size', 'blood interferon-gamma amount', 'femur neck morphological', 'thrombocyte', 'hepatic triglyceride', 'mediofrontal suture morphology', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,trans-13-c18:2', 'plasmacytoid t cell', 'sperm number', 'meat fatty acid c20:1 concentration', 'serum gldh activity', 'spleen capsule morphology', 'teat number, left', 'rear udder height', 'ratio of change in body weight to total basal body', 'peripheral nervous system integrity trait', 'dentate gyrus morphology', 'plasma campesterol', 'adrenocortical cell morphology trait', 'aorta length', 'lymph node-specific lymphocyte tracer radioactivity measurement', 'embryonic neuroepithelium', 'forelimb', 'atrial septal morphology', 'acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'aortic weight', 'rump morphology trait', 'subscapular fat pad', 'combined food plus drink calorie intake rate', 'milk myristic acid', 'myrinx morphology trait', 'geniculate ganglion morphology trait', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology', 'blood segmented neutrophil count to total leukocyte count ratio', 'kidney dry', 'blood nh2-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide level', 'strial vascular morphology', 'blood interleukin-1 beta amount', 'dn2 alpha-beta immature t-cell', 'type iv spiral ligament fibrocyte', 'number of approaches toward negative stimulus before onset of defensive burying response', 'salivary gland function', 'central nervous system morphology', 'eosinophil count to total wbc count ratio', 'adipose fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18:2', 'lumbar vertebra morphology', 'cerebral flexure morphology', 'plasma glutamic-pyruvate transaminase activity level', 'meat tridecylic acid content', 'ossification initiation', 'milk palmitic acid percentage', 'blood cd25 cell count to cd8 cell count ratio', 'proprioceptive neuron', 'neuronal cytoplasm area measurement', 'milk fatty acid trans-8,trans-10-c18:2 percentage', 'statoconial membrane morphology trait', 'plasma igg level', 'longissimus muscle morphology trait', 'immunoglobulin heavy chain v(d)j joining', 'heart relative wall', 'peripheral nervous system regeneration trait', 'olfactory system morphology trait', 'osteoclast quantity', 'blood ghrelin amount', 'laryngeal mucosa morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-5-c18', 'liver reduced glutathione level', 'otic capsule size', 't cell receptor v(d)j recombination', 'blood lymphocyte count', 'well differentiated malignant colorectal tumor surface area', 'line of schwalbe morphology', 'height of the villi of the ileum', 'percentage of study population displaying colorectal tumors at a point in time', 'blood cystatin c', 'fungiform papillae morphology trait', 'gut-associated lymphoid tissue', 'perilymphatic space morphology trait', 'primitive erythrocyte morphology trait', 'superficial glomeruli', 'thymus mass', 'circulating tumor necrosis factor', 'clavicle size trait', 'blood activated t lymphocyte', 'milk arachidonic acid', 'blood ast activity', 'blood antibody amount', 'food calorie intake rate', 'islet of langerhans physiology', 'blood vessel dilation', 'esophageal development', 'atrial auricle', 'brain lesion', 'thymus cortico-medullary boundary morphology trait', 'limb bud morphology', 'rt6.2+ cell', 'dressed carcass bone content', 'anogenital distance', 'cerebellar hemispheres morphology trait', 'kidney tubule morphology', 'blood hdl particle diameter', 'arterial wall', 'gut-associated lymphoid tissue morphology', 'skin potassium ion level', 'hypertrophic chondrocyte zone morphology trait', 'central b-cell anergy', 'serum estradiol', 'cranial ganglion xi', 'hepatic protein/peptide composition', 'blood vldl-c', 'segmented neutrophil count to total wbc count ratio', 'post-insult time to pituitary tumor formation', 'brain phytosterol', 'glossopharyngeal nerve', 'change in calculated blood pressure', 'induced arthritis post-insult time', 'absolute change in adipocyte non-esterified fatty acid release per cell', 'paravertebral ganglion cell quantity', 'blood gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity', 'keel', 'loin height', 'longitudinal suture morphology trait', 'cns regeneration', 'heart tumorous lesion measurement', 'periocular mesenchyme morphology', 'allantois', 'testicular physiology trait', 'golgi organ', 'intermuscular adipose', 'mammary gland symmetry', 'glottis', 'end-systolic heart left ventricle pwt', 'blood th2-like cell', 'heart left ventricle dna content to bw ratio', 'fluid regulation trait', 'primitive knot', 'spleen rna composition measurement', 'adrenergic neuron morphology', 'oculomotor nucleus morphology trait', 'tibia trabecular bone volume', 'age of onset of ean', 'meat zinc', 'lung epithelial cell morphology', 'nasopharynx', 'horizontal cell morphology', 'udder weight', 'pancreas dry weight', 'plasma corticosterone', 'female reproductive organ', 'lacrimal gland cholinergic nerve fiber', 'leukocyte differentiation', 'cerebral flexure', 'blood vessel distensibility trait', 'musculus papillaris', 'hepatocellular carcinoma prevalence', 'cerebral flexure morphology trait', 'drumstick muscle mass', 'plasma beta-sitosterol level', 'caudatoputamen morphology trait', 'lung cell', 'marginal zone b cell physiology', 'serum cortisol level', 'shoulder fat percentage', 'calculated liver tumorous lesion volume measurement', 'well differentiated malignant colorectal neoplasm incidence', 'circulating t-cell growth factor level', 'bronchoalveolar duct junction', 'microglial cell morphology', 'blood anti-laminin antibody', 'meat fatty acid cis-9-c16:1 percentage', 'diaphysis morphology trait', 'post-insult time', 'arterial blood flow velocity', 'trabecular meshwork size', 'kidney glomerulus integrity trait', 'osteoblast morphology trait', 'transitional b cell morphology', 'stratum reticulare corii morphology trait', 'dopaminergic neuron morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-7,cis-9-c18', 'il-2 secretion', 'combined levator ani and bulbospongiosus muscle', 'heart left atrium diameter', 'urethra morphological measurement', 'late pro-b cell morphology', 'herpes simplex viral encephalitis incidence/prevalence', 'stomach tumor incidence/prevalence', 'amina limitans posterior corneae morphology', 'ro-236019 secretion', 'peripheral nervous system regeneration', 'peritoneal macrophage', 'internal nares', 'superior colliculus morphology trait', 'levator ani/bulbocavernosus muscle', 'forebrain dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac)', 'nasal mucous membrane morphology', 'tibia morphology', 'axonal', 'leg weight', 'ovary morphology trait', 'respiratory system morphology', 'retinal ganglion cell number', 'metatarsus morphology', 'non-specified leukocyte count', 'pals morphology trait', 'cochlear labyrinth morphology', 'ventilation', 'excretion behavior trait', 'natural killer t cell number', 'platelet development trait', 'meat tridecanoic acid content', 'urine urotensin ii level', 'pancreatic tumorous lesion', 'thyroid gland development', 'serum vldl level', 'plasma androstenedione level', 'bone section mineralized tissue volume to bone section total volume ratio', 'intervertebral disk development trait', 'inner hair cell synaptic ribbon morphology', 'leaf fat weight', 'heart valve morphology trait', 'percent change in food intake volume', 'stomach epithelial cell quantity', 'pancreas peptide hormone composition measurement', 'serum gsh', 'milk fatty acid c4', 'calculated blood vessel diameter', 'stria vascularis blood vessel morphology', 'milk kappa-casein percentage', 'interparietal bone morphology', 'cartilage development trait', 'cerebellar pyramid morphology trait', 'brain ventricle morphology', 'natural killer t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'vomeronasal organ', 'sensory perception trait', 'inguinal fat pad morphology trait', 'milk cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid', 'blood calcium level', 'percentage of study population displaying malignant colorectal tumors at a point in time', 'liver protein/peptide composition', 'type 2 helper t cell count', 'membrana hyaloidea morphology', 'mean vcf', 'calculated litter size measurement', 'stomach', 'thymus epithelium morphology', 'hearing electrophysiology', 'alpha-beta intraepithelial t-cell morphology trait', 'plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity', 'milk fatty acid c7:0', 't-cell clonal deletion', 'scala media morphology trait', 'pterygoid bone morphology', 'splenic red pulp morphology trait', 'synaptic transmission', 'trigeminal nerve morphology', 'mandibular nerve morphology trait', 'spleen cell physiology trait', 'basal white blood cell radioactive nucleoside incorporation', 'nicotine', 'dn3 alpha-beta immature t-lymphocyte', 'plasma ldh activity', 'tarsal gland morphology', 'trans-9-octadecenoic acid', 'orbitosphenoid morphology trait', 'immune cell count', 'interleukin-7 secretion', 'plasma immunoglobulin e amount', 'glomerular capsule morphology trait', 'labia majora morphology', 'preputial gland', 'plasma ionized calcium', 'kidney non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'tarsal gland morphology trait', 'blood low density lipoprotein specific apolipoprotein b', 'blood vldl-c amount', 'tibial midshaft cortical periosteal area', 'area of liver occupied by fibrotic lesions to total liver area ratio', 'urine sorbital dehydrogenase', 'saccule', 'milk vitamin b-12 content', 'urine fractional sodium excretion', 'posterior elastic layer morphology', 'sarcomere', 'urine noradrenalin', 'milk fatty acid c16:0 percentage', 'rumen weight', 'defecation rate', 'baseline white blood cell radioactive nucleoside incorporation', 'percentage of study population displaying trigeminal nerve neurilemmomas at a point in time', 'inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion morphology', 'kidney angiotensin ii converting enzyme activity level', 'pancreatic islet', 'memory b cell physiology', 'muscle fiber', 'neuronal vacuole area to neuronal cytoplasm area ratio', 'thymus immature t cell', 'post-insult time to trigeminal nerve neurilemmoma onset', 'blood interferon-beta level', 'urine potassium excretion rate', 'mammary tumor growth rate', 'e wave deceleration rate', 'total study population during a period of time', 'kidney renin protein level', 'patella morphology', 'pancreas lesion', 'glutamic-pyruvic transaminase level', 'sebaceous gland morphology', 'leukocyte physiology', 'epinephrine secretion trait', 'semicircular canal morphology trait', 'eye morphology', 'renal fat pad', 'otic vesicle cell', 'b-lymphocyte apoptosis', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology', 'magnesium level', 'blood pressure time series average exponential scaling factor of the baroreceptor response', 'cecum muscle thickness', 'mitogen-stimulated white blood cell dna synthesis', 'proventriculus mucosa', 'medullary canal morphology', 'regulatory t cell morphology', 'basal nefa secretion', 'meat docosahexaenoic acid', 'litter size', 'double negative t cell number', 'stroke incidence/prevalence', 'single ear average of middle ear epithelium', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus incidence', 'adipose margaric acid', 'lymph node t cell domain morphology trait', 'l5 dorsal root ganglia morphology', 'benign colorectal neoplasm surface area measurement', 'circulating erythrocyte burst-promoting factor', 'cochlear hair cell quantity', 'van horne canal morphology trait', 'b cell apoptosis trait', 'heart right ventricle wall', 'blood carnitine level', 'anterior stroma', 'cd8 cell', 'milk solids content', 'tissue weight of the stomach', 'rump morphology', 'sympathetic nerve fiber quantity', 'tibia', 'heart ventricle membranous septum', 'meat palmitic acid content', 'hepatocyte-stimulating factor secretion', 'serum amyloid protein physiology trait', 'glutamate receptor current trait', 'enteric ganglion morphology trait', 'pancreatic alpha cell morphology', 'colorectal tumor measurement', 'grade 2 insulitis', 'jaw morphology', 'ratio of apoptotic bodies to intact tumor cells in remodelling liver neoplastic nodules', 'eyelid opening', 'lens vesicle development trait', 'spleen wet weight to body weight ratio', 'ratio of change in body weight to total body', 'unstimulated white blood cell radioactive nucleoside incorporation', 'circulating growth hormone level', 'spinal cord rt1-b protein level', 'lung weight, wet/body', 'milk plasmin concentration', 'ear emergence initiation trait', 'double-negative t-cell morphology', 'heart nucleic acid measurement', 'pancreatic islet area as percentage of total pancreatic', 'experimental allergic encephalomyelitis prevalence', 'bone surface', 'tissue weight of the rectum', 'bone surface area', 'heart triglyceride', 'intramuscular fat morphological', 'disease incidence/prevalence', 'heart dry', 'both testes wet weight as percentage of body', 'sucrose intake volume', 'fenestra vestibuli morphology', 'b1 cell', 'arterial disease severity', 'serum gssg level', 'muscle fatty acid c14', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue measurement', 'both suprarenal glands wet weight', 'coronary blood flow', 'circulating interleukin-17', 'ctl morphology', 'adrenergic innervation pattern trait', 'back leg morphological', 'testis lesion measurement', 'hindquarter morphology', 'ankylosis in experimental arthritis incidence', 'calculated suppressor t cell count', 'blood vessel receptor-dependent contractility', 'both adrenal glands weight as percentage of body weight', 'both inguinal fat pads', 'atrioventricular canal formation extent', 'molar crown morphology', "merkel's receptor innervation pattern trait", 'adipose fatty acid cis-11-c20', 'dn1 thymic pro-t cell', 'germinal streak formation', 'plasma immunoglobulin g3', 'suppressor t-lymphocyte morphology', 'circulating il-23 level', 'tissue damage measurement', 'mammary gland measurement', 'nose to tail tip bmi', 'circulating alpha-ifn level', 'parasympathetic preganglionic fiber morphology', 'tibia-fibula cortical bone endosteal cross-sectional', 'gubernaculae', 'change in heart rate', 'pituitary gland morphology trait', 'biceps brachii muscle mass', 'adipose stearic acid concentration', 'liver fibrotic lesion size measurement', 'testis development trait', 'storage of histamine', 'pigmented dorsal coat/hair area to total dorsal coat/hair area ratio', 'urinary system morphology trait', 'joint inflammation', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c17:1', 'abdominal wall', 'vestibular dark cell morphology', 'percent neonatal deaths', 'pluripotent precursor cell', 'serum levels of thyrotrophin', 'milk structure trait', 'heart right ventricle weight as a percentage of body', 'adipose octadecanoic acid concentration', 'immune tolerance', 'polynuclear neutrophilic leukocyte morphology trait', 'afterhyperpolarization', 'food intake measurement', 'milk phospholipid', 'heart rate variability', 'experimental arthritis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18:2', 'sensory neuron innervation pattern', 'type iib muscle fiber number', 't2 b cell number', 'auditory ossicle morphology trait', 'primitive node morphology trait', 'neutrophil leucocyte morphology', 'blood prl', 'blood viscoelasticity', 'renal glomerulosclerosis', 'beta-interferon secretion', 'stapes footplate', 'urine norepinephrine level', 'tibial midshaft cortical endosteal area', 'ethanol intake weight to body weight ratio', 'interparietal suture morphology trait', 'cochlear outer hair cell stereociliary bundle', 'myocardium', 'heart atrium appendage configuration trait', 'ankylosis in experimental arthritis incidence/prevalence', 'testis cell quantity', 'serum glutamate dehydrogenase activity', 'dc2 cell', 'heart tube morphology', 'otolith organ morphology trait', 'muscle lipid', 'serum anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody', 'musculus temporalis morphology trait', 'serum insulin-like growth factor 2', 'primary auditory area', 'lvda', 'ureter morphology trait', 'bilateral testis tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 'serum parathyroid hormone', 'autonomic nervous system morphology', 'blood vessel wall thickness to blood vessel inner diameter ratio', 'in vitro coagulation measurement', 'tail morphology trait', 'red blood cell sodium/potassium atpase activity', 'cerebral cortex projection neuron number', 'absolute change in food intake weight', 'b lymphocyte antigen presentation', 'milk fatty acid cis-12-c18:1', 'coat/hair physiology', 'thymus corticomedullary boundary', 'hindlimb morphology trait', 'ectoderm development trait', 'thymus cortico-medullary junction morphology', 'inferior vagus ganglion of the vagus (x) nerve morphology trait', 'zygomatic bone morphology trait', 'milk lactose yield', 'serum igm-rf level', 'interferon secretion', 'urine microalbumin-creatinine ratio', 'kupffer cell morphology trait', 'tibial trabecular bone volume', 'serum anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody titer', 'thigh muscle-to-bone ratio', 'dorsal root ganglia morphology trait', 'plasma high density lipoprotein phospholipid level', 'calculated artery neointimal hyperplastic lesion', 'transitional one stage b-cell morphology', 'femur head width', 'dressed carcass fat content', 'plasma hdl-c level', 'stomach tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', "merkel's receptor morphology trait", 'muscle indole', 'b cell anergy', 'blood cd45rchigh cd4 t lymphocyte count', 'acetylcholine-induced blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of force at maximum constriction', 'circulating il-18', 'meat fatty acid c15', 'pituitary gland', 'calculated liver glutathione level', 'axial skeleton morphology trait', 'cerebral cortex layer morphology trait', 'alimentary system', 'cardiovascular disease measurement', 'lingual tonsillar tissue morphology', 'arterial blood pressure trait', 'sensory nerve fiber', 'total prostate area', 'spleen white pulp', 'hind foot phalanges count', 'change in log(ab titer)', 'kneecap morphology trait', 'left atrial morphology', 'posterior elastic layer', 'treg cell morphology', 'mortality/survival', 'plasma ldl-c', 'total abdominal fat area', 'mature gamma-delta t cell', 'natural t cell', 'hemopoietic cell', 'plasma escherichia coli specific antibody level change, post challenge', 'hepatic protein/peptide composition measurement', 'neutrophilic leucocyte physiology', 'neuron golgi apparatus area to neuron cytoplasm area ratio', 'plasma albumin to plasma non-albumin protein ratio', 'naive b lymphocyte', 'parotid salivary gland cholinergic nerve fiber', 'plasma glutamic-pyruvate transaminase activity', 'absolute change in the total left plus right rear ankle diameter', 'serum norepinephrine level', 'nose to tail body mass index', 'bacterial infection trait', 't-cell receptor positive thymocyte', 'bmi using nose to rump body length', 'number of podocytes to glomerular volume ratio', 'hemolymphatic system', 'scala vestibuli', 'intramuscular adipose area as percentage of muscle', 'measurement of voluntary immobility', 'diaphragm weight', 'egg yolk flavor trait', 'auditory cortex morphology', 'blood lipoprotein particle size', 'brain serotonin amount', 'egg albumen height', 'testes cell', 'head physiology trait', 'neuromuscular spindle', 'cd4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-cell morphology trait', 'malphighian capsule', 'plasma noradrenaline', 'vestibular hair cell development trait', 'number of mature b lymphocytes', 'blood t cell count as percentage of total lymphocytes', 'testes physiology', 'cochlea basement membrane', 'calculated spinal cord anterior horn area measurement', 'spatial accuracy measurement', 'prostate', 'urination frequency', 'blood noradrenaline amount', 'heart effluent volume', 'l5 drg', 'cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis trait', 'islet of langerhans lesion measurement', 'heart left ventricle dna', 'dn3 alpha-beta immature t-lymphocyte number', 'calculated kidney morphological', 'plasma dihydrotestosterone level', 'ampullary crest neuroepithelium', 'plasma ace2 activity level', 'plasma phospholipid level', 'visceral pouch morphology', 'thymus medulla morphology trait', 'biceps femoris muscle', 'circulating cholesterol', 'media area (ma) of artery', 'double positive t cell morphology trait', 'blood vldl triglyceride level', 'calculated blood differential wbc count', 'endolymphatic duct morphology', 'squamosal bone', 'visual cortex morphology', 'ca morphology', 'hippocampus morphology trait', 'terminal bronchiole tube size trait', 'b-cell apoptosis', 'intestinal goblet cell morphology', 'blood vessel endothelium', 'natural killer t-lymphocyte morphology', 'hippocampus pyramidal cell morphology trait', 'cartilage morphology trait', 'mammary gland size', 'retinal bipolar cell', 'calculated milk whey protein', 'lateral ventricle size trait', 'white corpuscle count', 'scs', 'leukocyte trafficking', 'auditory tube', 'secondary sex determination', 'vena cava morphology trait', 'granulocyte percentage', 'total accumulated time of physical contact or close proximity between test subject and social stimulus per unit time', 'oviduct mass', 'qt interval', 'peripheral nervous system glia morphology trait', 'percentage of study population displaying testis tumors at a point in time', 'calculated left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time', 'cochlear ihc physiology trait', 'progenitor b cell morphology trait', 'basophil physiology trait', 'vocalisation', 'brain rna composition measurement', 'cornea light-scattering trait', 'sum of epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissue to body weight ratio', 'atrial size trait', 'milk cis-12-octadecenoic acid content', 'skin water', 'urine vanillylmandelic acid level', 'sensory trait', 'neuron golgi apparatus area', 'sympathetic nervous system physiology trait', 'cochlear outer hair cell electromotility', 'periocular mesenchyme', 'udder morphology', 'plasma anti-single-stranded dna antibody titer', 'beak morphology', 'cerebellar molecular layer morphology', 'vasoconstriction', 'malleus size', 'malpighian corpuscle morphology trait', 'pharynx', 'circulating ctla8', 'gastrocnemius molecular composition trait', 'tubal tonsil morphology trait', 'medullary canal morphology trait', 'oropharynx morphology', 'nasopharyngeal tonsil morphology', 'plasma unconjugated bilirubin level', 'ventricular papillary muscle morphology trait', 'natural killer t-cell number', 'blood very low density lipoprotein cholesterol level', 'blood haptoglobin amount', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue maximum tumor diameter', 'lateral process of malleus', 'long bone metaphysis morphology trait', 'percentage of study population displaying experimental autoimmune neuritis at a point in time', 'synaptic plasticity trait', 'calculated differential white blood cell', 'circulating interferon type ii level', 'blood insulin to glucagon ratio', 'calculated pancreatic islet insulin release', 'thyroid physiology', 'modiolus morphology trait', 'cumulative pancreatic insulitis severity score', 'lumbar vertebra trabecular bone cross-sectional', 'peripheral b cell anergy', 'astroglia morphology trait', 'heart right ventricle posterior wall thickness', 'absolute change in electrocardiographic low frequency r-r spectral component', 'auricle of atrium', 'whole body morphological', 'thymocyte development', 'blood th1 cell to th2 cell ratio as percentage', 'reticulocyte quantity', 'adrenal gland ribonucleic acid amount', 'lymphopoietin-1 secretion', 'phagocytic cell', 'milk fatty acid c18:2(n-6) concentration', 'mesenteric artery wall phosphylated enos level to total enos level ratio', 'testis weight', 'fructosamine', 'cerebellum size', 'lamina basilaris ductus cochlearis', 'plasma anti-single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody', 'copulation duration', 'serum fructosamine level', 'tooth quantity', 'blood cd4+ t helper cell', 'calculated mesenteric artery wall molecular composition measurement', 'submandibular lymph node morphology', 'percentage of study population displaying endometrial adenocarcinomas at a point in time', 'il16 secretion', 'intramuscular adipose area to muscle area ratio', 'calculated blood flow', 'wolffian duct morphology trait', 'thoracic cage', 'ivsd', 'bone remodeling trait', 'total glomeruli count', 'plasma triglyceride level', 'milk non-fat solids', 'colorectal adenocarcinoma prevalence', 'milk fatty acid c9:0 percentage', 'secondary bone resorption trait', 'mature ovarian follicle', 'b cell stimulatory factor-2 secretion', 'tibialis anterior muscle weight', 'blood free fatty acid', 'saccule size', 'splenic marginal metallophilic macrophage morphology trait', 'endocrine pancreas morphology', 'time to locate a target in an experimental apparatus', 'medulla oblongata morphology trait', 'uterine fat pad', 'intestinal cell', 'heart left ventricle ejection fraction', 'milk fatty acid c18:3 n-3 content', 'l4 ganglion size', 'white blood cell proliferation', 'urine ph', 'splenic b cell follicle morphology trait', 'canal of schlemm morphology', 'cochlear inner hair cell physiology trait', 'craniofacial bone morphology trait', 'laryngeal muscle', 'visceral pouch', 'cochlear duct morphology', 'pancreatic isletitis', 'well differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma prevalence', 'adipose fatty acid c16:0', 'mzb cell', 'kidney vascular physiology', 'pulmonary endothelial cell surface', 'cd4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t cell morphology', 'erythrocyte ion', 'atrial appendage', 'pro-b cell development trait', 'percentage of study population developing chronic pancreatitis during a period of time', 'sodium chloride drinking water intake rate', 'liver triglyceride amount', 'blood differential leukocyte', 'jejunum crypt of lieberkuhn', 'left atrial size', 'cytotoxic t lymphocyte physiology trait', 'neuron  vacuole measurement', 'thyroid gland size', 'neuroendocrine gland morphology trait', 'brain ventricle morphology trait', 'aorta wall total intracellular protein level', 'lymphocyte antigen presentation', 'immunoglobulin heavy chain v(d)j recombination trait', 'peripheral t cell anergy trait', 'testis size trait', 'right renal fat pad weight', 'statoconia size trait', 'ectoplacental cone morphology trait', 'plasma hdl phospholipid level', 'catecholamine', 'plasma free fatty acids level', 'milk fatty acid amount', 'paleostriatum', 'brain non-tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence', 'kinesthetic behavior trait', 'mature gamma-delta t-lymphocyte', 'brain homovanillic acid amount', 'paranasal sinus', 'epididymal fat depot morphology trait', 'total number born alive', 'sympathetic nervous system morphology trait', 'lung angiotensin ii converting enzyme activity level', 'circulating dihydrotestosterone', 'larynx', 'absolute change in adipocyte non-esterified fatty acid secretion per cell', 'atrioventricular canal morphology', 'lingual tonsillar tissue', 'circulating interleukin-12b', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,trans-13-c18', 'renal development trait', 'caculated blood apolipoprotein level', 'both adrenal glands', 'serum amyloid protein physiology', 'inner hair cell stereocilia size', 'neuron organelle', 'gastric non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'lymphocyte percentage', 'caudate putamen complex morphology trait', 'total cd8 t cell count', 'milk omega-6 fatty acid measurement', 'hair shaft', 'autopod morphology trait', 'blastocele development trait', 'teat number, right', 'visual cortex morphology trait', 'peripheral nervous system glial cell morphology trait', 'serum il6 level', 'concentration of angiotensin ii at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (ec50)', 'inflammatory exudate lxa4 level', 'blood b cell', 'adipose amount', 'interventricular sulcus morphology trait', 'mammary fat pad', 'feeding behavior trait', 'blood interleukin-6 level', 'percentage of study population developing pituitary tumors that replace a portion of the gland during a period of time', 'integumentary system physiology', 'blood anti-collagen antibody', 'muscle stearic acid', 'tibia energy', 'dendritic cell differentiation', 'plasma gldh activity', 'mechanical nociception trait', 'circulating ifn-beta 2 level', 'total drink-derived energy intake', 'meat vaccenic acid', 'blood chylomicron triglyceride', 'lymphatic system physiology trait', 'transverse process morphology', 'milk cholesterol', 'cervical spinal cord homovanillic acid amount', 't cell physiology trait', 'b-cell morphology trait', 'lamina basalis choroidae morphology trait', 'urine keto acid level', 'calculated mesenteric fat pad weight', 'glycogen catabolism trait', 'rear udder', 'skeletal system', 'posterior semicircular canal size', 'measurement of response latency', 'total cell', 'saccular macula morphology', 'treg cell', 'adrenergic system morphology', 'transitional b cell', 'helper t-lymphocyte type 1 cell number', 'plasma anti-type ii collagen antibody', 'transitional two stage b lymphocyte', 'follicular b cell number', 'prostate lesion', 'hippocampus pyramidal cell quantity', 'urine solute', 'extraembryonic tissue organization', 'b-1a b-cell', 'heart right ventricle dna content to body weight ratio', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue tumor', 'pancreas total protein', 'circulating il-9', 'cornea light-scattering', 'embryonic erythrocyte morphology', 'splenic ifn gamma-secreting mononuclear cell count', 'neuronal golgi apparatus area measurement', 'blood protein', 'urine enzyme amount', 't cell receptor beta chain v-d-j joining', 'tectum', 'gpt activity level', 'right lung wet', 'calculated blood glucagon level', 'filiform papillae', 'eye orientation trait', 'craniosacral system', 'intramuscular fat content', 'sleep behavior trait', 'uterus weight to body weight ratio', 'dressed carcass muscle-to-fat', 'somite differentiation initiation trait', 'dendritic cell', 'lateral septum morphology', 'sinus venosus', 'gland development', 'heart effluent', 'lumbar vertebra quantity', 'eggshell strength, fowl', 'ejection fraction', 'vertebral trabecular cross-sectional', 'polymorphonuclear neutrophil morphology', 'diaphragm morphology', 'dressed carcass muscle-to-bone ratio', 'pituitary gland hyperplastic lesion', 'blood anti-deoxyribonucleic acid antibody level', 'maxilla', 'left uterine horn weight', 'seminiferous tubule', 'surface structure morphology trait', "peyer's patch morphology trait", 'blood gpt activity level', 'liver protein/peptide measurement', 'cd4-negative, cd8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology', 'adipose weight', 'age at sexual maturity', 'adipose tissue adiponectin', 'spermatozoon measurement', 'both testes wet', 'milk whey protein', 'intermediate disk morphology trait', 'serum anti-porcine type ii collagen antibody level', 'milk oleic acid', 'intestinal cell number', 'serum levels of galactopoietic hormone', 'plasma anti-dna antibody titer', 'meat androstenone', 'cardiac ventricular morphology trait', 'tail morphology', 'b-1 b cell', 'outer hair cell stereociliary bundle orientation trait', 'palatal process', 'plasma osteocalcin level', 'thorax morphology', 'bone marrow cell morphology trait', 'respiratory alveoli size trait', 'rt6.2 positive t cell', 'milk lack of freshness flavor intensity', 'brain ventricle/choroid plexus morphology', 'urine microalbumin-creatinine', 'plasma bicarbonate level', 'absolute change in urine norepinephrine', 'b-1b b lymphocyte morphology', 'ilium', 'early pro-b cell morphology', 'ratio of the volume of saccharin consumed to the total volume of fluid consumed', 'coagulating gland size', 'cerebellar hemispheres morphology', 'parental behavior', 'ependyma', 'toxoplasmosis prevalence', 'distal convoluted tubule', 'tn2 thymocyte number', 'milk fatty acid trans-12,cis-14-c18', 'sebaceous gland size trait', 'ovulation', 'cingulate gyrus', 'fructose drink calorie intake rate', 'infarction measurement', 'liver mass', 'vestibule morphology', 'semimembranosus muscle weight', 'mononuclear leukocyte differentiation', 'pancreatic islet physiological measurement', 'splenic germinal center', 'blood measurement', 'aorta configuration trait', 'urine ketone body amount', 'thalamus', 'circulating amino acid level', 'testis tumorous lesion measurement', 'superior vagus ganglion size', 'hindlimb zeugopod', 'forestomach capacity', 'circulating alkaline phosphatase level', 'blood immunoglobulin g2a amount', 'back fat thickness, 10th rib', 'mesenteric artery wall phosphylated enos', 'thorax development trait', 'alkaline phosphatase', 'cochlear hair bundle horizontal top connectors morphology', 'plasma calcium', 'meat organoleptic', 'femoral neck ip', 'occipital suture', 'liver fibrosis area', 'lipid absorption trait', 'an arbitrary reference level', 'blood low density lipoprotein particle diameter', 'spinal cord rt1-b mrna', 'nerve fiber quantity', 'galt morphology trait', 'nasal concha', 'floor plate morphology', 'cervical opening shape', 'kidney fibrotic lesion measurement', 'subependymal zone morphology', 'colliculus position', 'colostrum immunoglobulin a concentration', 'duodenal region pancreatic beta cell weight calculated as the product of pancreas duodenal region weight and corresponding beta cell fractional area', 'pork odor intensity', 'hyoid bone', 'heart left ventricle diameter', 'blood gamma-glutamyltransferase activity level', 'mature b-cell morphology trait', 'percentage of study population displaying experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis at a point in time', 'choroid morphology', 'blood immunoglobulin g', 'zone of proliferating cartilage morphology', 'reproductive lifespan', 'nasopharyngeal tonsil morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid c16:0', 'horn morphological', 'hypothalamus dopamine', 'posterior column morphology trait', 'embryonic erythrocyte', 'soft palate morphology', 'shoulder fat', 'immune cell development', 'sweat gland morphology trait', 'pns glia morphology trait', 'heart right ventricle dna amount', 'colorectal tumor incidence/prevalence', 'serum lactate dehydrogenase activity level', 'kidney pelvis', 'thymus measurement', 'cd8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology', 'gut-associated lymphoid tissue morphology trait', 'cochlear coil', 'blood insulin-like growth factor', 'loin muscle', 'white blood cell count', 'calculated suprarenal gland weight', 'heart left ventricle infarction weight as percentage of total heart left ventricle weight', 'kidney ribonucleic acid', 'diaphragm muscle', 'epidermis stratum corneum', 'kidney lipid peroxide amount', 'temporal muscle morphology trait', 'area of liver occupied by tumorous foci', 'total enos level', 'pancreas morphological measurement', 'circulating il-1b', 'rt6.1+ cell count', 'coat/hair pigmentation trait', 'heart left ventricular blood pressure', 'parotid salivary gland cholinergic nerve fiber organization trait', 'posterior semicircular canal morphology trait', 'single islet of langerhans area', 'weight', 'epithalamus morphology trait', 'long bone shaft morphology', 'pork flavor intensity (lean)', 'intramuscular fat weight as percent of body weight', 'rump body', 'scala tympani morphology', 'liver tumorous lesion number', 'body fat percentage', 'milk fatty acid trans-7,trans-9-c18', 'serum total immunoglobulin m', 'percent perinatal loss', 'malleus', 'jejunum villi', 'adipose hexadecanoic acid concentration', 'heart non-esterified fatty acid level', 'cerebral cortex neuron', 'serum prolactin', 'kidney tubular degeneration incidence/prevalence', 'kidney 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid', 'skeleton', 'neutrophil count to total wbc count ratio', 'il-16 secretion', 'plasma immunoglobulin g2b amount', 'intake volume of saccharin to total fluid intake volume ratio', 'phenylephrine-induced blood vessel constriction expressed as percent of force at baseline', 'circulating ctla-8 level', 'aerobic fitness', 'bill morphology', 'skin k+ level to skin dry weight ratio', 'adipocyte', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis severity score', 'hair tylotrich neuron', 'malt morphology trait', 'cd45r-positive thymocyte count', 'precentral gyrus', 'myocardial infarction', 'transverse process morphology trait', 'thymic corpuscle', 'time to first movement in an experimental apparatus', 'monocyte count', 'blood cystatin c level', 'fontanel morphology', 'vascular smooth muscle physiology trait', 'latency', 'neural tube morphology/development trait', 'prechordal plate morphology', 'milk ammonia amount', 'meat gamma-linolenic acid content', 'eye development trait', 'trophoblast layer', 'milk non-fat solids content', 'plasma acetaminophen level area under curve', 'monocyte percentage', 'adipose thickness', 'cloaca septation trait', 'plasmacytoid t cell morphology trait', 'calculated left ventricular blood pressure', 'sertoli cell development', 'calculated adrenal gland', 'single cell response threshold', 'blood interleukin-9', 'b lymphocyte anergy', 'medulla oblongata serotonin amount', 'spleen central arteriole morphology trait', 'wellness/fitness trait', 'band neutrophil granulocyte', 'milk fatty acid c22', 'calculated pituitary gland', 'uterus length', 'b-2 b-cell morphology', 'cranial ganglia', 'blood vessel smooth muscle cell', 'muscle fatty acid c20:2 percentage', 'adipocyte glucose uptake', 'rumen papillae morphology trait', 'femur mineral content', 'z line morphology', 'cn-xii morphology', 'spleen fibrosis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'bw', 'intercostal muscle thickness', 'circulating interleukin-3', 'cytotoxic t cell cytolysis trait', 'sensorimotor gating trait', 'antibody measurement', 'reflectance value', 'vertebral cortical cross-sectional area', 'renal medulla morphology', 'total litter', 'aortic valve morphology', 'mammary tumor latency measurement', 'liver cholesterol', 'tongue tumorous lesion', 't3 b cell morphology trait', 'splenic secondary b cell follicle morphology', 'single adrenal gland weight', 'natural t cell morphology trait', 'liver remodeling tumorous lesion number', 'stapes footpiece morphology trait', 'cd4-positive t cell quantity', 'cochlear ihc efferent innervation', 'locus ceruleus morphology', 'saa protein physiology', 'retinal vascular morphology trait', 'tissue epinephrine', 'tongue size trait', 'incus morphology trait', 'craniofacial physiology trait', 'circulating il-23 p19', 'percentage of study population developing colonic aganglionosis during a period of time', 'blood atrial natriuretic factor', 'large intestine morphology trait', "bowman's capsule size trait", 'marginal metallophilic macrophage morphology', 'serum bicarbonate', 'tunica vasculosa bulbi', 'pancreatic islet beta cell area', 'strial marginal cell quantity', 'calculated coat/hair color', 'bitter taste sensitivity trait', 'neurocranium', 'plasma anti-collagen antibody level', 'belly thickness', 'vascular smooth muscle morphology trait', 'cerebrum physiology trait', 'heart left ventricle dorsal wall thickness', 'gonad development trait', 'anterior segment', 'interventricular septal thickness', 'lymph node structure', 'tibia cortical bone midshaft endosteal cross-sectional', 'sympathetic neuron', 'radius cell', 'calculated renal sympathetic nerve activity measurement', 'low molecular weight protein', 'plasma gsh-px activity level', 'wbc', 'outer ear shape', 'myocardial compact layer', 'neuron migration trait', 'femur size trait', 'skeletal muscle fiber number', 'visceral arch development trait', 'central nervous system synaptic transmission', 'kidney blood vessel morphology', 'lung angiotensin i converting enzyme 2 activity', 'viable', 'voluntary movement', 'pancreatic islet beta-cell area', 'primitive hematopoiesis', 'extensor digitorum longus muscle weight to body weight ratio', 'blood afp level', 'double-negative t-cell numbers', 'muscle skatole amount', 'retinal ganglion layer morphology', 'epiphyseal plate morphology trait', 'palatine tonsil', 'bone mineral mass', 'stomach non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'axon morphology trait', 'myocardial trabeculae morphology trait', 'egg specific gravity, fowl', 'spleen follicular dendritic cell network morphology trait', 'pigmented dorsal coat/hair', 'peptide metabolism', 'surface glomeruli', 'tunica propria corii', 'gsp amount', 'head morphological measurement', 't lymphocyte count to total wbc count ratio', 'hemoglobin concentration', 'cingulate gyrus morphology', 'exocrine gland measurement', 'calculated heart end-systolic intraventricular wall thickness', 'serum high density lipoprotein phospholipid level', 'egg white morphology', 'b-2 b-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'b-cell domain', 'esophageal squamous epithelium morphology', 'cardiovascular system physiology trait', 'pituitary gland hyperplastic lesion prevalence', 'right lung weight to left lung weight ratio', 'endocrine gland', 'epidermal layer development trait', 'lung weight', 'circulating b-cell stimulating factor-1', 'sister chromatid exchange trait', 'milk linolenic acid concentration', 'skeletal muscle fiber count', 'blood igf2', 'jejunum weight', 't cell receptor beta chain v(d)j recombination trait', 'of the lesioned side motor neuron count', 'skeletal muscle fiber', 'epidermis morphology', 'percentage of study population developing pituitary tumors that replace the entire gland during a period of time', 'cartilage cell', 'experimental autoimmune neuritis severity measurement', 'pancreas secretion trait', 'cerebellum vermis size', 'capillary blood flow trait', 'food intake weight measurement', 'erythroid progenitor', 'blood lipoprotein cholesterol level', 'composite score for bacterial infection severity', 'plasma oxidized glutathione level', 'spleen trabecular vein morphology', 'cd4+ t cell physiology', 'kidney fibrotic lesion size measurement', 'cerebellum vermis lobule morphology', 'columnar layer', 'spiral crest', 'labyrinthus cochlearis morphology trait', 'pacemaker morphology trait', 'inguinal lymph node dry', 'poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma prevalence', 'blood t3', 'circulating sulfate level', 'liver fat morphological', 'blood lipase amount', 'coat/hair color', 'logarithm of the total number of nontypeable h. influenzae cfu in effusion plus wash', 'stratum papillare corii morphology', 'grooming measurement', 'neurophysis', 'sympathetic nerve activity measurement', 'alpha-beta intraepithelial t lymphocyte', 'uterus size', 'creatinine clearance to total kidney weight ratio', 'parathyroid gland size', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic t-cell morphology', 'ventriculus tertius size trait', 'urine creatine level', 'iel morphology trait', 'femur circumference', 'interferon secretion trait', 'circulating il-4 level', 'fob cell morphology trait', 'serum total ige', 'tissue weight of the large intestine', 'alveoli', 'milk flavor intensity', 'conjunctiva morphology', 'calculated blood insulin', 'malignant hepatocellular carcinoma incidence/prevalence', 'nasal bridge width', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic t lymphocyte', 'acute eae prevalence', 'anterior eye segment morphology trait', 'ratio of the area occupied by islets of langerhans to total pancreatic area', 'nerve conduction', 'potassium chloride-induced blood vessel contractile force expressed as percent of force at baseline', 'perineum morphology', "reissner's membrane", 'ventral prostate tumorous lesion number', 'brain swd rate', 'intestinal goblet cell', 'mammary areola/papilla', 'behavioral response to addictive substance trait', 'ligamentum spirale cochleae morphology', 'fenestra cochleae', 'milk lactadherin concentration', 'colostrum immunoglobulin g content', 'blood idl-c level', 'nociception system morphology trait', 'blood glucocorticoid level', 'slope measurement of chemical-induced contraction', 'gasserian ganglion morphology', 'milk fat content', 'retinal neuronal layer morphology', 'corpora quadrigemina size', 'circulating il-12a', 'retinal outer plexiform layer', 'stress-related behavior trait', 'milk ammonia', 'internal auditory canal morphology trait', 'crista spiralis morphology', 'dressed carcass size', 'total area of tail region of pancreas', "hassall's corpuscle morphology trait", 'maximum time spent running', 'interleukin-23 secretion', 'calculated urine albumin', 'liver lesion measurement', 'anterior horn cell quantity', 'basilar lamina morphology', 'brain weight as percentage of body', 'gizzard weight', 'retina blood vessel morphology', 'female fecundity', 'interleukin-9 secretion', 'adrenocorticotropin secretion', 'vestibulocochlear nerve morphology', 'egg specific gravity trait', 'circulating epidermal cell derived thymocyte-activating factor level', 'bronchial epithelial cell number', 't4', 'calculated serum glucose', 'testes molecular composition', 'milk tridecylic acid', 'change in renal sympathetic nerve activity', 'inferior colliculus morphology', 'tetradecanoic acid percentage', 'testis molecular composition', 'interventricular groove', 'splenic region pancreatic beta cell weight calculated as the product of pancreas splenic region weight and corresponding beta cell fractional', 'parietal bone morphology', 't lymphocyte count', 'heart left ventricle infarction size', 'mature b lymphocyte morphology trait', 'vallate papillae', 'calculated skeletal muscle morphological measurement', 'blood leptin', 'hepatic cholesterol level', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t cell', 'oesophagus size trait', 'dressed carcass fat-free', 'spongy bone cross-sectional', 'plasma ggt activity level', 'hepatic lesion measurement', 'ligamentum spirale ductus cochlearis morphology trait', 'number of periods frozen', 'circulating interleukin-12 p70', 'sulcus ampullaris morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c17', 'left major bronchus', 'type 2 helper t cell', 'scala tympani size', 'rib weight', 'seam fat', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'aorta wall molecular composition', 'liver fat', 'food conversion', 'serum total immunoglobulin e', 'pancreatic islet tumorous lesion', 'qt_interval', 'muscle fatty acid trans-11-c18', 'ovary', 'calculated drink intake rate', 'pancreatic delta cell morphology', 'igd level', 'total food-derived calorie intake', 'orofacial morphology trait', 'mean corpuscular haemoglobin', 'chemokine secretion', 'egg flavor trait', 'male reproductive organ', 'b lymphocyte proliferation', 'both adrenal glands wet weight as percentage of body', 'blood type i collagen c-terminal telopeptide', 'cell organelle', 'individual kidney wet weight', 'myeloblast development trait', 'short lived plasma cell morphology trait', 'islet of langerhans morphology trait', 'b cell stimulatory factor-1 secretion', 'interleukin-21 secretion trait', 'nerve fiber response', 'deiters cell quantity', 'calculated body morphological', 'blood cd45rchigh cd4(+) t cell count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'spinal cord molecular composition', 'regional blood flow', 'calculated aorta smooth muscle cell', 'lung epithelial cell morphology trait', 'serum hdl phospholipid level', 'conjunctival blood vessel morphology trait', 'sclerotome morphology trait', 'neopallium', 'basal ganglia morphology', 'gastric tumor incidence/prevalence', 'tunica vasculosa bulbi morphology trait', 'circulating il-17', 'measurement of stereotypical movement', 'blood igm', 'blood bicarbonate', 'hse incidence/prevalence measurement', 'area occupied by beta cells', 'intramuscular adipose weight as percent of body weight', 'stratum spinosum cell number', 'circulating hepatocyte-stimulating factor level', 'percentage of survivors in a study population during a period of time', 'mesenteric artery morphology', 'artery intimal hyperplastic lesion', 'frequency resolution of the cochlea', 'media width (mw) of artery', 'blood interleukin-12a', 'eosinophil granulocyte count', 'circulating il23', 'neutrophilic leucocyte morphology trait', 'serum idl', 'immune system organ morphology', 'heart infarction weight', 'muscle thickness of the cecum', 'plasma leptin level', 'circulating il-12 level', 'medulla oblongata dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac) amount', 'hypodermis thickness', 'iris stroma cell number', 'milk calcium', 'suppressor t-cell morphology trait', 'coat/hair', 'cd4+cd8+ t cell', 'striatum morphology trait', 'regain baseline angle of tilted plane at which balance/traction is lost', 'muscle glycogen homeostasis', 'coagulated milk firmness', 'inguinal lymph node weight to body weight ratio', 'serum levels of lactation hormone', 'jejunum mucosa morphology', 'medullary canal', 'stria vascularis intermediate cell morphology trait', 'horny layer morphology', 'skin tensile strength trait', 't cell receptor delta chain v-d-j rearrangement', 'heart right atrium', 'average daily feed intake', 'pancreatic islet tissue protein/peptide composition measurement', 'serum corticosterone', 'rv-ivrt', 'shoulder external fat weight', 'vessel shear stress measurement', 'femur midshaft biomechanical measurement', 'spinal cord c1qb mrna level', 'colliculus', 'circulating b-cell growth factor-ii', 'cd8-positive t cell number', 'auditory ganglion', 'blood reactive oxygen metabolite', 'epidermal layer morphology', 'nasal concha morphology trait', 'deltoid crest morphology', 'neurocranium morphology', 'serum intermediate density lipoprotein cholesterol', 'calculated urine sodium level', 'mlik tetracosanoic acid amount', 'cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta treg morphology', 'colostrum igg content', 'seminiferous tubule size', 'aorta elastic tissue integrity trait', 'hypaxial muscle cell quantity', 'marginal metallophilic macrophage morphology trait', 'cardiac muscle cell morphology', 'immune serum protein', 'liver protein/peptide composition measurement', 'blood th1 cell to th2 cell ratio as', 'vestibular hair cell quantity', 'aorta wall phosphylated enos protein level to total enos protein level ratio', 'self-feeder per day', 'cranial ganglion xi morphology', 'natural killer t lymphocyte physiology trait', 'secondary muscle spindle size', 'basophil granulocyte', 'bile duct physiology', 'eye muscle', 'pterygoid bone', 'eyelid', 'liver/biliary morphological', 'strial basal cell morphology', 'l5 ganglion size trait', 'circulating gamma-ifn', 'primitive streak development trait', 'hematolymphoid system physiology trait', 't-cell lymphoma incidence/prevalence measurement', 'tn2 thymocyte', 'olfactory tract morphology', 'liver fibrotic lesion', 'length of intestine affected by colonic aganglionosis to total length of colon ratio', 'acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'colorectal tumor surface area', 'retinal rod bipolar cell', 'percentage of study population displaying chronic experimental arthritis at a point in time', 'blood tyrosinase activity', 'hypoglossal nerve morphology trait', 'axon outgrowth trait', 'milk monoacylglycerol amount', 'liver malondialdehyde', 'ovarian secretion', 'blood vessel smooth muscle morphology trait', 'dressed carcass muscle content', 'ovary molecular composition', 'absolute change in pulse pressure', 'porphyrin amount', 'glutaminergic neuron morphology', 'intramuscular fat cell', 'outflow tract', 'superior caval vein morphology', 'inguinal lymph node dry weight', 'serum t3', 'ligamentum spirale ductus cochlearis', 'il-4 secretion', 'cn-viii morphology trait', 'spinal cord cellular composition', 'trigeminal nerve mpnst incidence/prevalence measurement', 'deaths', 'blood tnf', 'area of liver occupied by fibrotic lesions', 'heart right ventricular blood pressure', 'spleen secondary follicle', 'b cell morphology', 'arthritic paw', 'posterior horn', 'vertebral column development', 'colorectal neoplasm incidence/prevalence', 'fat androstenone', 'basement membrane development trait', 'drum membrane morphology', 't1 b cell number', 'bacteria', 'bacteria count', 'pterygoid muscle morphology trait', 'mandibular cartilage development trait', 'meat lactate content', 'quinine index', "peyer's patch size trait", 'hemopoietic system development', 'blood renin amount', 'vocalization trait', 'l4 sympathetic ganglion', 'calculated heart left ventricle infarction area', 'orbit depth', 'semicircular canal', 'blood creatine kinase activity level', 'nk t-lymphocyte physiology', 'rr interval', 'hair down cell innervation pattern', 'polynuclear neutrophilic leukocyte morphology', 'cerebrovascular lesion incidence/prevalence measurement', 'heart angiotensin i converting enzyme activity', 'serum comp', 'osteophage morphology trait', 'circulating b cell stimulatory factor-1 level', 'immune system organ size trait', 'absolute change in urine vanillylmandelic acid', 'ligamentum spirale ductus cochlearis morphology', 'liver glutathione s-transferase-placental form mrna', 'mammary tumor latency period', 'coccyx', 'kidney edema incidence/prevalence', 'total arteriolar resistance', 'axon outgrowth', 'whisker shape', 'skin sodium amount', 'blood renin activity', 'blood creatinine measurement', 'pancreas integrity trait', 'dentin morphology trait', 'water intake drink rate to body weight ratio', 'dressed carcass yield', 'vestibular ganglion of the vestibulocochlear (viii) nerve morphology', 'uterine weight, dry', 'circulating il-2', 'milk conjugated linoleic acid concentration', 'plasma murinoglobulin 1 level', 'cell membrane potential', 'cochlear microphonics trait', 'serum parathyroid hormone level', 'blood enzyme', 'plasma insulin-like growth factor 1', 'brain interneuron morphology', 'ventricular septal configuration', 'epiphysial plate morphology', 'novel environment', 'parametrial fat pad mass', 'medial ganglionic eminence morphology', 'bun level', 'gastrocnemius', 'tongue integrity trait', 'troponin t amount', 'lumbar dorsal root ganglion morphology', 'colorectal adenoma prevalence', 'adrenal gland rna composition', 'pituitary tumor number', 'ce', "schlemm's canal size", 'calculated heart left ventricle infarction weight', 'neutrophil differentiation', 'splenic marginal sinus morphology trait', 'intestinal epithelium morphology trait', 'enteric ganglion', 'vascular smooth muscle physiology', 'calculated pituitary gland weight', 'm line', 'meat arachidic acid', 'logarithm of the concentration of vasoconstrictor at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (log ec50)', 'total urine molecular', 'blood non-hdl cholesterol', 'visual cortex', 'ammon gyrus morphology', 'platelet development', 'urine bilirubin', 'pectoral girdle', 'b-1 b cell morphology', 'pulmonary circulation', 'stomach tumorous lesion measurement', 'lung dry weight to body weight ratio', 'milk adipophilin concentration', 'serum t3 level', 'pancreas/salivary gland physiology trait', 'pancreatic non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'change in map', 'glucagon secretion', 'otolithic membrane attachment trait', 'blood norepinephrine level', 'kidney superoxide dismutase to glutathione peroxidase ratio', 'suppressor t cell morphology trait', 'pulp cavity', 'milk overall dairy flavor intensity', 'transitional stage t2 b cell morphology trait', 'lv -dp/dt max', 'tympanic membrane size', 'sympathetic cholinergic neuron', 'stroke prevalence', 'esophageal epithelium cell', 'plasma gd activity', 't helper 2 morphology', 'circulating adreniline', 'alveolar-capillary membrane morphology trait', 'blood cd4 lymphocyte', 'vascular smooth muscle dilation', 'bioimpedance', 'red blood cell trait', 'milk soluble calcium', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma prevalence', 'labia minora shape trait', 'both adrenal glands wet weight to body weight ratio', 'meat trans-vaccenic acid', 'dn2 thymocyte quantity', 'heart left ventricle posterior wall thickness', 'beta cell area to total pancreatic islet area ratio', 'stomach volume', 'thyroid gland mass', 'circulating pituitary hormone level', 'logarithm of the concentration of potassium chloride at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (log ec50)', 'immunoglobulin v-j joining', 'meat docosatetraenoic acid content', 'heart muscle physiology trait', 'heart left ventricle insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor mrna level', 'bisphenol a drink intake rate', 'blood triglyceride level', 'calculated middle cerebral artery inner diameter measurement', 'leucocyte trafficking', 'splenic marginal zone macrophage morphology', 'unilateral left-sided renal agenesis prevalence', 'blood anti-chromatin antibody amount', 'plasma anti-double-stranded dna antibody', 'cn-ix', 'mesencephalic flexure', 'lvsd', 'circulating il-6', 'free fatty acids', 'calculated heart left ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content', 'myelopoiesis trait', 'fungiform papillae', 'stomach mucosa', 'cochlear hair cell stereociliary bundle morphology', 'serum superoxide dismutase activity level', 'telencephalon', 'lactate dehydrogenase activity', 'right perirenal fat pad weight', 'l5 dorsal root ganglia', 'hypothalamus morphology', 'adrenal gland wet', 'plasma t3', 'longissimus dorsi muscle thickness', 'femur bone mineral density', 'drink energy intake', 'nephron morphology', 'drumstick trait', 'milk monounsaturated fatty acid measurement', 'calculated bone biomechanical measurement', 'optic tract size trait', 'respiratory alveoli morphology', 't-helper 1 cell morphology', 'interleukin-23 alpha secretion', 'lymphatic vessel cell number', 'medulla oblongata homovanillic acid amount', 'milk fatty acid cis-8-c20:1 percentage', 'meibomian gland morphology trait', 'blood oxidized glutathione', 'mononuclear cell ifn gamma secretion', 'muscle protein amount', 'gamete morphology', 'cd25+ cell count to cd8+ cell count ratio', 'blood intermediate density lipoprotein phospholipid level', 'respiratory mucosa goblet cell morphology', 'hind feet morphological measurement', 'cube root of body', 'dn2 immature t cell', 'response to prion infection trait', 'ependyma morphology trait', 'liver/biliary measurement', 'milk conjugated linoleic acid content', 'circulating ifn-beta', 'vibrissa density', 'nervous system disease incidence/prevalence', 'milk stearic acid percentage', 'outer ear prominence', 'intercalated disc morphology trait', 't-cell', 'blood glycogen', 'cervical vertebra length', 'l5 ganglion morphology', 'energy balance trait', 'hydronephrosis severity score', 'number of transferable embryos per superovulation/artificial insemination event', 'monocyte morphology', 'meat cis-10-pentadecenoic acid content', 'first movement in an experimental apparatus', 'tn3 cell number', 'spleen iron load', 't helper 1 morphology', 'carcass length, first cervical vertebra to pelvis', 'total food energy intake rate', 'granule layer lamination integrity trait', 'blood interferon', 'epidermis stratum spinosum morphology trait', 'dressed carcass muscle percentage', 'spleen secondary follicle morphology', 'spermatozoon', 'heart left atrium end-systolic diameter', 'respiratory bronchiole morphology', 'muscle progenitor cell migration', 'blood igg level', 'kidney tubule morphology trait', 'ventricle of rhombencephalon', 'milk caproic acid concentration', 'muscle myristic acid concentration', 'cranial ganglion vii morphology trait', 'pancreatic islet damage composite score', 'circulating il12', 'milk fatty acid c14', 'humeral axillary lymph node morphology', 'egg width, fowl', 'milk pentadecylic acid content', 'vertebra', 'change in mean arterial blood pressure to change in the logarithm of the vasoconstrictor dose ratio', 'peripheral b cell anergy trait', 'milk cis-10-heptadeceonic acid percentage', 'atrioventricular cushion', 'milk fatty acid trans-10,trans-12-c18:2 percentage', 'body temperature', 'cervical spinal cord dihyroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac)', 'loin size', 'acromial process morphology trait', 'mesencephalic flexure morphology trait', 'plasma aspartate transaminase activity', 'm cells morphology trait', 'interleukin secretion trait', 'parasitic infection', 'glandula pinealis morphology', 'inguinal lymph gland wet weight', 'ammon gyrus', 'blood cd45rclow cd4(+) t cell', 'cytokine secretion trait', 'percentage of study population displaying myeloid leukemia at a point in time', 'skeletal muscle size trait', 'treg', 'meat stearic acid content', 'serum igg-rheumatoid factor level normalized to an arbitrary reference level', 'c6 physiology trait', 'liver fibrotic lesion area measurement', 'lymphatic system', 'milk mineral amount', 'tooth mineralization trait', 'blood gsh-px activity', 'blood rt6.1 cell count', 'respiratory conducting tube', 'blood glutathione', 'kidney development initiation', 'lacrimal gland morphology trait', 'sterol homeostasis', 'circulating interleukin-23b level', 'cervical spinal cord homovanillic acid', 'mature gamma-delta t-lymphocyte morphology', 'embryonic subventricular zone', 'pulmonary valve morphology trait', 'notochord', 'cd45r+ thymocyte', 'acetylcholine half maximal effective concentration (ec50)', 'hyaloid capillary system development', 'blood glomerular filtration rate, chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration formula (cke-epi)', 'femoral metaphysis mediolateral diameter', 'choroid plexus cell number', 'hemolymphatic system morphology', 'logarithm of the concentration of angiotensin ii at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (log ec50)', 'thyroid gland development trait', 'interleukin-15 secretion', 'active-zone-anchored inner hair cell synaptic ribbon morphology trait', 'aortic blood flow rate', 'cloaca septation extent', 'locus niger morphology trait', 'plasma escherichia coli specific antibody level, post vaccination', 'malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor', 'transitional one stage b lymphocyte number', 'tissue cellular composition', 'milk alpha-lactalbumin concentration', 'tibiofibular fusion cortical bone total cross-sectional', 'mononuclear leukocyte', 'aortic wall elastin dry weight', 'lumbar vertebra substantia spongiosa cross-sectional', 'tibia curved segment length', 'morphology trait of the stria vascularis vasculature', 'detrusor smooth muscle contractility', 'change in renal blood flow', 'leukocyte', 'mca inner diameter', 'tcgf secretion', 'granulosa cell differentiation trait', 'maximum weekly bpa-fructose drink intake rate', 'central pattern generator physiology trait', 'optic nerve fiber organization trait', 'tibia-fibula cross-sectional area', 'tibia strength', 'non-tongue squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck tumor number', 'liver wet', 'milk beta-carotene', 'left atrial', 'coat/hair morphological measurement', 'jejunum villi height', 'lateral ganglionic eminence morphology trait', 'muscle fiber morphological', 'astroglia', 'cutis plate', 'purkinje fiber morphology', 'otolith morphology', 'methylene blue to fapgg metabolism-surface area product ratio', 'stereotypy measurement', 'vascular smooth muscle', 'calculated rpf', 'cochlear inner hair cell efferent nerve fiber quantity', 'kinesthetic behavior', 'epicanthal fold', 'maternal nurturing trait', 'thoracic vertebrae', 'cn-vii morphology trait', 'ear rotation', 'outer ear development trait', 'time of  onset/diagnosis of experimental autoimmune neuritis after immunization', 'midbrain roof plate', 'tongue length', 'thymus molecular composition', 'blood interleukin-6', 'l4 dorsal root ganglia morphology', 'b1b cell', 'blood t(s/c) cell count', 'coagulating gland size trait', 'milk cis-9-eicosenoic acid content', 't-lymphocyte', 'kidney medulla trpv4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratio', 'artery internal elastic lamina defect count', 'connective tissue', 'circulating antidiuretic hormone', 'seminal gland wet weight', '305-day milk yield', 'lung ace2 activity', 'egg albumen flavor', 'circumvallate papillae', 'myeloid dendritic cell number', 'atrioventricular cushion orientation trait', 'blood ldl cholesterol amount', 'cochlear hair cell physiology trait', 'gastrocnemius morphology trait', 'incus', 'neuromuscular junction', 'parasympathetic cholinergic neuron', 'quantity', 'growth hormone secretion', 'adrenal gland morphological measurement', 'meat vaccenic acid content', 'venous morphology trait', 'thoracic cage morphology', 'scapula size trait', 'vertebral column', 'blood cd45rc cd4 t cell', 'laryngeal cartilage morphology', 'areal bone mineral density', 'serum murinoglobulin 1 level', 'spinal tissue protein/peptide composition measurement', 'well differentiated malignant colorectal neoplasm surface area', 'secretion by sex gland', 'testicular secretion', 'intestine morphology trait', 'physical strength trait', 'mesenteric fat pad morphology trait', 'vitamin absorption', 'neuron vacuole area to neuron cytoplasm area ratio', 'brain spike-wave discharge amplitude', 'conformation of limbs', 'granulocyte bactericidal activity', 'blood lipid amount', 'water drink intake volume', 'brain molecular composition measurement', 'vestibular labyrinth morphology', 'blood carbon monoxide level', 'yield', 'spleen follicle center size', 'cranial ganglion v morphology trait', 'righting reflex', 'consumption', 'serum renin activity', 'central t cell anergy', 'myeloid cell development trait', 'disease severity', 'lymphocyte transmigration', 'bone marrow cell development trait', 'colonic aganglionosis severity', 'prostate gland physiology trait', 'heart insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor mrna level', 'bone phosphorus content', 'hemolymphoid system physiology trait', 'circulating mcgf-2', 'aorta wall intracellular protein level', 'hemoglobin', 'lung development trait', 'number of grooming acts in an experimental apparatus', 'milk fatty acid trans-11-c18:1 concentration', 'hindlimb conformation', 'nk t-lymphocyte morphology', 'muscle fatty acid cis-11-c20:1 content', 'milk monounsaturated fatty acid', 'onset of intramembranous bone ossification', 'forebrain norepinephrine', 'cochlear inner hair cell quantity', 'labium morphology', 'well differentiated malignant colorectal cancer prevalence', 'type ii pneumocyte morphology trait', 'plasma anti-type ii collagen antibody level', 'glucose metabolism trait', 'urine calcium amount', 'experimental autoimmune neuritis onset/diagnosis', 'circulating interleukin-23 level', 'endocardial cushion morphology trait', 'tumor necrosis factor amount', 'maxillary sinus', 'cardiac ganglion morphology trait', 'c2 physiology trait', 'reticulo-rumen weight', 'plasma cell morphology trait', 'artery wall', 'parasympathetic ganglion morphology', 'adrenal gland molecular composition trait', 'blood rt6.2 cell', 'heart right ventricle dna content to bw ratio', 'cephalic flexure', 'osteoclast cell number', 'helper t cell type 1 morphology', 'central nervous system integrity trait', 'gastrulation movement', 'arm incidence/prevalence', 'ventricle of rhombencephalon size trait', 'serum paracetamol level', 'substantia nigra morphology trait', 'leukocyte tethering or rolling trait', 'liver area', 'kidney vascular', 'helper t-lymphocyte type 1 cell differentiation', 'rhombomere morphology', 'sex gland size', 'fiber type 1 percentage', 'serum gd activity level', 'stratum corneum', 'blood-inner ear barrier physiology trait', 'ventral spinal root morphology trait', 'mean corpuscular volume', 'olfactory receptor morphology trait', 'milk urea', 'cd4-negative, cd8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-cell morphology trait', 'pork odor intensity (fat)', 'adipose tissue adiponectin level', 'well differentiated malignant colorectal tumor', 'mammary areola', 'ovary mass', 'telencephalon cell', 'plasma anti-bovine type ii collagen antibody level', "peyer's patch follicle", 'antibody titer', 'ventral prostate tumorous lesion prevalence', 'splenic secondary b cell follicle morphology trait', 'catalase activity', 'heart left ventricle end-diastolic relative wall', 'b cell receptor editing', 'ham bone weight', 'pancreas size trait', 'morphology trait of the visceral layer of serous pericardium', 'iris stroma cell quantity', 'percentage of study population developing acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis during a period of time', 'heart ventricle', 'back fat thickness, 3rd lumbar vertebra', 'self mutilation severity', 'serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity', 'blood high-lca t4 t cell', 'serum globulin', 'epididymis morphology trait', 'aortic wall', 'anus', 'blood cd25 cell', 'primary sex determination trait', 'skeletal muscle weight', 'nervous system tract', 'plasma escherichia coli specific antibody level', 'tunica albuginea oculi morphology trait', 'b-cell differentiation factor-2 secretion', 'cerebrospinal fluid sodium level', 'caudal vertebra', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue number of tumors with diameter greater than 5 mm', 'surface structure', 'height', 'epididymidis wet weight', 'parasitic infection severity', 'malignant colorectal neoplasm incidence', 't helper 1 function', 'clp', 'blood ige level', 'tongue morphology', 'blood sterol amount', 'testis weight to body weight ratio', 'calcium', 'vertebra strength', 'dn1 thymocyte number', 'incisor growth', 'intra-abdominal fat area', 'plasma interleukin-6', 'adipocyte incremental nefa secretion per cell', 'muscle fatty acid c14:0 concentration', 'cd4 th2 cell', 'uterine fat depot morphology', 'basement membrane morphology trait', 'teat length', 'precentral gyrus morphology trait', 'peripheral nervous system integrity', 'hypothalamus cell', 'circulating il9 level', 'plasma immunoglobulin e level', 'submandibular ganglion', 'blood iron', 'auditory vesicle size trait', 'hemolymphoid system morphology trait', 'outer ear', 'corneal epithelium morphology trait', 'spinal cord ventral horn cd3-positive cell', 'logarithm of the concentration of phenylephrine at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (log ec50)', 'intervertebral disk morphology', 'depression-related behavior', 'calculated retroperitoneal fat pad weight', 'shoulder trait', 'scapula cell', 'serotonergic neuron', 'coloenteritis severity measurement', 'mammary gland morphology trait', 'adipocyte free fatty acid secretion trait', 'sensory ganglia morphology', 'death rate', 'colostrum immunoglobulin', 'trichinosis severity measurement', 'vertebral cortical cross-sectional', 'molar morphology trait', 'auditory tube morphology', 'milk fatty acid c20:5 n-3 percentage', 'left kidney wet weight to body weight ratio', 'milk tridecanoic acid', 'blood oxygen measurement', 'glossopharyngeal ganglion morphology trait', 'oculomotor nerve size trait', 'arterial tunica media area', 'cerebellum anterior vermis size', 'blood cell quantity', 'tibia midshaft morphological', 'effector t cell', 'cytotoxic t cell morphology trait', 'thyroid gland wet weight', 'trigeminal ganglion cell size', 'vascular endothelium morphology', 'cn-v morphology', 'muscle fatty acid c18:3 n-3 concentration', 'class switch recombination', 'kupffer cell morphology', 'thymus cortico-medullary boundary morphology', 'count', 'lvas', 'cerebral hemispheres morphology trait', 'labyrinth layer', 'iris stroma morphology trait', 'pmn physiology trait', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,cis-11-c18:2', 'vessel shear stress', 'blood vessel inner diameter', 'cochlear neuroepithelium morphology trait', 'digestion', 'renal cortex trpv4 protein level', 'tibia/fibula cortical bone total cross-sectional area', 'horizontal plate morphology trait', 'sphenozygomatic suture morphology trait', 'hematopoietic system development', 'sphenozygomatic suture morphology', 'triglyceride amount', 'splenic iron load', 'urine sodium excretion rate to body weight ratio', 'blood-brain barrier morphology trait', 'blood interleukin-13 amount', 'heart integrity trait', 'circulatory system physiology trait', 't helper 1 morphology trait', 'bone structure', 'penis morphology', 'cutis plate morphology', 'front feet morphological measurement', 'milk capric acid percentage', 'ovary dry weight', 'colorectal adenoma surface area measurement', 'gamma-amino-n-butyric acid receptor currents', 'milk xor content', 'pressoreceptor physiology', 'vitreous morphology trait', 'force at failure', 'amount of time spent in freezing behavior', 'temporalis muscle size', 'total heart ventricle size', 'circulating colony-stimulating factor 2 alpha level', 'liver weight', 'organ tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence measurement', 'milk caprylic acid percentage', 'popliteal lymph node morphology', 'cn-ii', 'liver campesterol', "reichert's membrane morphology", 'retinal ganglion cell quantity', 'rib fat', 'benign colorectal neoplasm surface area', 'cd25 cell to cd8 cell ratio as', 'blood ethanol level at regain of the righting response', 'peak aortic velocity', 'white fat cell lipid droplet size trait', 'tibia/fibula cortical bone endosteal cross-sectional area', 'milk cholesterol ester', 'line of schwalbe', 'absolute change in adipocyte nefa secretion per cell', 'presacral vertebra', 'aorta wall extracellular collagen level', 'blood insulin-like growth factor 2 level', 'atrioventricular canal configuration trait', 'milk arachidic acid', 'plasma creatine phosphokinase activity level', 'popliteal lymph node size', 'cardiocyte diameter', 'blood tc level', 'skin h2o', 'cerebellum anterior vermis morphology trait', 'somatosensory cortex physiology', 'cerebral aqueduct morphology trait', 'milk grainy flavor intensity', 'vas deferens morphology', 'right atrial size trait', 'eating behavior', 'corticosterone secretion', 'fertilization', 'uterine lumen', 'pancreas insulin level', 'molar crown', 'tail bud', 'coordination of voluntary muscular movement', 'blood ldl phospholipid level', 'dendrite morphology', 'inner cell mass morphology', 'otoconia morphology', 'blood protein level', 'milk fatty acid trans-12,trans-14-c18:2 percentage', 'bone cross-sectional moment of inertia', 'adipocyte diameter', 'neuron morphology trait', 'body movement coordination', 'leukopoiesis', 'scapular spine', 'milk iron amount', 'percentage of disease population developing relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis during a period of time', 'urine noradrenaline', 'fertilization trait', 'radius curvature trait', 'vision system', 'milk fatty acid trans-11,trans-15-c18:2', 'stimulated renal sympathetic nerve activity', 'brain type i spike-wave discharge rate', 'habenula morphology', 't2 stage b cell morphology', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis incidence', 'optic vesicle formation', 'cricoid cartilage', "meissner's corpuscle nerve fiber organization trait", 'uterine fat pad morphology', 'embryo turning trait', 'calculated plasma ldl-c level', 'blood interleukin-1 alpha', 'subventricular zone', 'calculated urine noradrenalin level', 'milk fatty acid cis-14/trans-16-c18:1 concentration', 'plasma urea nitrogen', 'mucous gland morphology', 'common crus morphology', 'testes molecular composition trait', 'conformation of the hindlimbs', 'mouth mucosa morphology', 'auditory ossicle morphology', 'heart left ventricle mass', 'cerebral cortex projection neuron morphology', 'plasma angii level', 'efferent arteriolar hydraulic pressure', 'arterial disease severity measurement', 'vasoconstrictor half maximal effective concentration (ec50)', 'blood vessel permeability', 'normal sperm count', 'brain wet weight as percentage of body weight', 'immune system cell morphology trait', 'uterine wet weight as percentage of body', 'male reproductive system physiology', 'plasma non-albumin protein', 'milk fatty acid c20:5(n-3)', 'tongue scc tumor diameter', 'fatty acid', 'both epididymides wet weight', 'baroreceptor physiology', 'exercise endurance trait', 'heart left ventricle end-diastolic elastance', 'viral infection trait', 'percentage of study population displaying benign liver tumors at a point in time', 'primary auditory area morphology trait', 'liver fat amount', 'follicle mantle', 'blood murinoglobulin 1 amount', 'cranium size', 'palate morphology', 'vertebra number', 'pork odor intensity (lean)', 'inguinal lymph gland wet', 'immunoglobulin heavy chain v(d)j rearrangement', 'natural t cell number', 'milk palmitoleic acid percentage', 'food intake rate', 'aortic elastic fiber', 'single adrenal gland weight as percentage of body', 'globus pallidus morphology trait', 'liver lipid composition', 'leaf fat', 'placenta maternal decidual layer morphology trait', 'cerebellum vermis size trait', 'gastric tumorous lesion measurement', 'm line morphology trait', 'glomerular filtration rate to kidney weight ratio', 'alpha-linolenic acid percentage', 'cn-ix morphology', 'cardiac triglyceride', 'hirschsprung disease prevalence', 'type i pneumocyte morphology', 'germinal center b cell', 'carotid body morphology', 'interleukin-23p19 secretion', 'anti-erythrocyte antigen antibody concentration', 'spinal cord rt1-b mrna level', 'forelimb morphology trait', 'skin adnexa morphology', 'kidney trpv4 protein', 'alimentary system trait', 'canalis spiralis cochleae morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,trans-12-c18:2 percentage', 'heart left ventricle morphology', 'right ventricular cell size', 'serum apolipoprotein', 'immune system cell', 'haemoglobin absorbance', 'skin (potassium plus sodium) level', 'osteoplast physiology trait', 'age at onset/diagnosis of t2d', 'synaptic depression trait', 'superior semicircular canal morphology', 'feather', 'serum glutamic-pyruvate transaminase activity level', 'osteoblast cell number', 'dopaminergic neuron', 'calculated heart lv dna', 'thalamus cell quantity', 'long lived plasma cell', 'cardiac elastic fiber morphology trait', 'b-1a b-cell morphology', 'splenic follicular dendritic cell network morphology', 'circulating sodium level', 'mast cell physiology trait', 'double positive t cell', 'cardiac myocyte number', 'membranous labyrinth', 'milk', 'interlobular fissure formation', 'renal artery morphology', 'direct plasma bilirubin', 'cn-xii morphology trait', 'eosinophilic leukocyte physiology trait', 'heart left ventricle interstitial bradykinin amount', 'single ovary weight', 'milk structural trait', 'splenic size', 'plasma anti-laminin antibody', 'calculated artery wall thickness measurement', 'circulating bsf-1 level', 'body righting reflex', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis latency', 'petrosal ganglion morphology trait', 'ovary physiology', 'pituitary gland integrity trait', 'blood cd25 cell count', 'blood lactate dehydrogenase', 'growth trait', 'plasma tyrosinase activity level', 'blood anti-self antibody', 'single suprarenal gland wet', 'anterior nares', 'neuronal golgi apparatus', 'total white blood cell', 'b cell dependent cortex morphology trait', 'both adrenal glands wet', 'pyometritis severity', 'sinus node morphology', 'summary potential trait', 'superior glossopharyngeal ganglion', 'plateletcrit', 'food intake weight', 'timed urine volume', 'lymphoid dendritic cell morphology trait', 'neuronal rough endoplasmic reticulum measurement', 'absolute change in antibody titer', 'random plasma renin level', 'callosal gyrus morphology trait', 'thymocyte activation', 'mammary gland size trait', 'adipose fatty acid cis-11-c20:1 content', 'blood testosterone level', 'sensory ganglion morphology', 'thymus corticomedullary zone morphology trait', 'angii log half maximal effective concentration', 'blood vessel resistance measurement', 'number of riel in abdominal aorta and iliac arteries', 'muscle cross-sectional area', 'intramuscular fat area to body weight ratio', 'colonic aganglionosis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'tectorial membrane', 'neurilemmoma onset/diagnosis', 'cardiac size trait', 'cerebral cortex pyramidal neuron number', 'regulatory t-cell morphology trait', 'age of onset of experimental autoimmune neuritis', 'mammary organ morphological measurement', 'tooth', 'endolymph production', 'serum total protein level', 'mouth', 'retinal layer', 'brain spike-wave discharge severity grade', 'lip morphology', 'blood vessel smooth muscle size trait', 'dermis stratum reticulare morphology', 'glomerular area occupied by activated mesangial cells', 'heart left ventricle anterior wall', 'type i vestibular cell morphology trait', 'mesencephalic tegmentum morphology trait', 'leukemia prevalence', 'femoral neck area', 'il-10 secretion', 'inguinal lymph gland', 'cardiac ganglion morphology', 'enamel', 'pectoralis major percentage', 'renal fat pad morphology', 'urinary system morphology', 'blood activated t cell count', 'immunoglobulin v-d-j recombination', 'urine glucose', 'total food intake', 'cn-v morphology trait', 'adipose fatty acid c17:0 percentage', 'inflammatory exudate neutrophil count', 'brain beta-sitosterol level', 'heart muscle compact layer morphology', 'egg', 'stomach glandular epithelium morphology', 'cochlear labyrinth', 'brain type i spike-wave activity amplitude', 'isthmic organizer morphology trait', 'retinal pigment epithelium', 'milk somatic cell score', 'pre-b cell morphology trait', 'venous morphology', "waldeyer's ring morphology", 'hypopharynx morphology', 'anti-histone antibody concentration', 'intramuscular adipose percentage', 'circulating interleukin-23a', 'anterior horn cell', 'colon molecular composition', 'macrophage physiology trait', 'plasma anti-self antibody', 'hair quantity', 'left atrium weight', 'total pancreas area', 'calculated stroke volume', 'hair guard neuron morphology', 'meat fatty cid cis-9-c18:1', 'helper t lymphocyte type 2 function', 'colostrum immunoglobulin g amount', 'thrombocyte development trait', 'serum levels of prl', 'milk urea concentration', 'lung rna composition', 'brain cell morphology', 'iris morphology', 'nacc', 'heart left ventricle end-diastolic area', 'mammary areola morphology trait', 'absolute change in plasma renin activity', 'intramuscular fat area', 'tympanic ring morphology trait', 'parasympathetic ganglia morphology trait', 'cochlear outer hair cell physiology trait', 'neurohypophysis', 'milk zinc content', 'blood cd45rclow cd4(+) t cell count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'basophil quantity', 'reproductive system morphology', 'pituitary secretion trait', 'lung ace activity', 'connective tissue trait', 'calculated urine vanillylmandelic acid', 'circulating total protein', 'natural killer cell development trait', 'troponin t protein concentration', 'central t lymphocyte anergy', 'cd4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t cell', 'calculated skeletal muscle morphological', 'ear crystal morphology trait', 'percent change in packed cell volume', 'plasma thyroid stimulating hormone', 'tunica vitrea morphology trait', 'milk unsaturated fatty acid amount', 'anterior cerebral artery inner diameter', 'nervous system disease measurement', 'type ii spiral ligament fibrocyte morphology', 'seam fat weight', 'ang2 half maximal effective concentration', 'heart infarction volume', 'axial skeleton cell number', 'free catecholamine fractionation measurement', 'whole pancreas protein/peptide composition', 'squama temporalis morphology trait', 'blood urotensin ii amount', 'plasma insulin', 'extraocular muscle morphology trait', 'neurotransmitter', 'circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha', 'adipocyte nefa release measurement', 'cn-vi morphology', 'basal non-esterified fatty acid secretion', 'inferior olivary complex', 'habenular nucleus morphology', 'blood antibody', 'white adipose tissue weight', 'milk rancid flavor intensity', 'cochlear ganglion morphology', 'cd4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'milk triacylglycerol concentration', 'aer development trait', 'serum magnesium', 'spinal cord complement component 1, q subcomponent, b chain protein', 'cns measurement', 'the count of inflammatory cell-infiltrated pancreatic islets without b cell pathology', 'hematin pigmentation', 'large intestine', 'somatosensory cortex', 'urine total protein excretion rate to body weight ratio', 'cerebral aqueduct morphology', 'inguinal lymph node size', 'direction of embryo turning', 'insulin-dependent diabetes prevalence', 'muscle fatty acid cis-9-c18:1 concentration', 'connective tissue morphology trait', 'milk chloride amount', 'tongue tumor', 'circulating norepinephrine level', 'lymph gland dry weight to body weight ratio', 'macrophage chemotaxis', 'leukocyte migration', 'blood immunoglobulin g3 amount', 'organ non-tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence measurement', 'circulating cortisol', 'brain morphology trait', 'right perirenal fat pad', 'blood pressure trait', 'membrane voltage', 'autopod morphology', 'ean severity measurement', 'mature ovarian follicle quantity', 'snout length', 'megakaryocyte development trait', 'blood vessel endothelial cell quantity', 'laryngeal mucosa goblet cell morphology trait', 'absolute change in electrocardiographic low frequency r-r interval to high frequency r-r interval ratio', 'heart left ventricle natriuretic peptide a', 'seminal vesicle weight', 'serum growth hormone', 'plasma anti-ssdna antibody titer', 'femur metaphysial medio-lateral diameter', 'serum levels of mammotropic hormone', 'skin na+ level to skin dry weight ratio', 'udder', 'alcohol intake weight to body weight ratio', 'lamina elastica posterior', 'b-cell stimulatory factor-2 secretion', 'blood adiponectin level', 'kidney angiotensin i converting enzyme activity level', 'skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain type iib', 'calculated urine urotensin ii', 'circulating sulfate', 'immune cell number', 'peptidergic neuron', 'spinal cord anterior column morphological measurement', 'dorsal striatum morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid cis-8-c20:1 concentration', 'blood growth hormone amount', 'milk butyrophilin', 'number of ruptures of internal elastic lamina in arteries', 'blood carnitine amount', 'seminal vesicles morphology trait', 'calculated hepatic glutathione level', 'meat unsaturated fatty acid content', 'cn-x morphology trait', 'lung wet weight', 'eau score', 'percent change in middle cerebral artery inner diameter', 'esophageal smooth muscle', 'absolute change in food intake', 'atrial auricle configuration', 'skeletal muscle morphology trait', 'tendon morphology', 'chondrocyte quantity', 'well differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma incidence', 'sperm', 'calculated serum anti-porcine type ii collagen antibody titer', 'pituitary gland cell count', 'ratio of plasma albumin to (total protein minus albumin)', 'dermis stratum reticulare', 'pulmonary venous', 'plasma cell differentiation', 'blood vessel permeability trait', 'eye physiology trait', 'tissue molecular composition', 'biceps brachii muscle', 'spinal cord rat mhc class ii rt1-b mrna level', 'total experimental time spent in spike-and-wave discharges', 'sublingual gland', 'absolute change in body', 'cranial vault', 'plasma vldl-c', 'circulating vldl cholesterol amount', 'spleen periarteriolar lymphoid sheath cell', 'sleep behavior', 'blood enzyme inhibitor amount', 't-helper 2 cell', 'colorectal cancer prevalence', 'milk tridecanoic acid content', 'femur', 'visceral pouch morphology trait', 'bpa-fructose drink intake rate', 'blood idl cholesterol', 'splenic fibrosis incidence/prevalence', 'urine catecholamine excretion rate', 'percentage of study population displaying trigeminal nerve malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors at a point in time', 'one seminal gland wet weight', 'splenic b cell follicle morphology', 'axillary lymph node morphology', 'helper t cell type 1 cell', 'hepatic system morphology', 'blood noradrenaline', 'polynuclear neutrophilic leukocyte', 'percentage of study population displaying prostate tumorous lesions at a point in time', 'urine cortisol', 'mammary organ morphological', 'cubic root of body', 'strial marginal cell morphology trait', 'sphenoid sinus', 'skeletal muscle conductivity', 'locate a target platform in an experimental apparatus', 'vertebrate', 'liver hyperemia incidence', 'muzzle morphology', 'corpus callosum', 'germinal streak morphology trait', 'arm morphological', 'absolute change in adipocyte free fatty acid secretion', 'number of ruptures of arterial internal elastic lamina', 'b cell progenitor morphology trait', 'hippocampus pyramidal cell layer morphology', 'cerebellar pyramid morphology', 'pubic bone morphology trait', 'stretch-attend posture', 'rt6.1+ cell', 'serum hdl level', 'dendritic cell antigen presentation', 'meat color l', 'ductus thoracicus morphology', 'uterine nk cell morphology trait', 'ratio of hepatic oxidized glutathione level to liver weight', 'total sperm', 'brain physiological measurement', 'loop of henle morphology trait', 'humeral axillary lymph node morphology trait', 'b-1 b lymphocyte morphology trait', 'arterial internal elastic lamina rupture composite score', 'blood idl cholesterol amount', 'maximum rate of negative change in left ventricular blood pressure', 'afferent arteriolar plasma protein concentration', 'natural killer t-cell morphology trait', 'internal granule layer', 'belly size trait', 'peptidergic neuron morphology trait', 'circulating t-cell growth factor p40 level', 'meat myristoleic acid', 'medullary pyramid size', 'lorr', 'calculated balance', 'calculated liver fibrosis area measurement', 'plasmacyte', 'ear development trait', 'dn4 alpha-beta immature t-lymphocyte number', 'egg yolk color', 'retinal progenitor cell development', 'lens fiber morphology', 'sternebra', 'vagus nerve morphology trait', 'absolute change in plasma noradrenaline level', 'cerebellar vermis lobule', 'spleen structure', 'caput epididymis morphology', 'lens', 'milk fatty acid c20:4(n-6)', "rathke's pouch morphology trait", 'blood t cell count', 'cge morphology', 'dermis mast cell morphology', 'pubic bone morphology', 'body lean mass', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck tumor number', 'ihc synaptic ribbon', 'b lymphocyte count to total wbc count ratio', 'hepatocyte cell', 'cervical spinal cord norepinephrine', 'blood interferon-gamma', 'locus niger morphology', 'sensory nerve fiber organization', 'egg yolk weight, fowl', 'blood alpha-2-inhibitor 3', 'cn-iv morphology', 'blood anti-chromatin antibody', 'joint mobility measurement', 'egg physiology', 'kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion diameter', 'dressed carcass ash', 'mast cell physiology', 'smell intensity (meat)', 'nerve fiber morphology', 'hair cell', 'cholesterol absorption', 'learning/memory/conditioning trait', 'female germ cell number', 'segmented neutrophil granulocyte', 'blood estrogen amount', 'blood hdl-c amount', 'ureter morphological', 'meat fatty acid content', 'vomer bone', 'belly composition trait', 'exocrine pancreas', 'tongue tumor count', 'circulating mast cell growth factor-2', 'liver molecular composition measurement', 'meat skatole', 'feather pecking', 'sperm motility', 'stomach morphology', 'c1 physiology', 'optic nerve innervation pattern', 'type iia muscle fiber quantity', 'il10 secretion', 'starting total body weight', 'blood corticotropin-releasing hormone amount', 'gastric measurement', 'blood immunoglobulin a level', 'rosenthal canal size trait', 'skin elasticity trait', 'serum orm1 level', 'splenic central arteriole morphology', 'absolute change in adipocyte nefa release', 'iris stroma', 'b cell domain of the spleen', 'basement membrane', 'sarcolemma morphology trait', 'serum anti-laminin antibody titer', 'deltoid impression', 'secretion by placenta trait', 'craniofacial development trait', 'body height at hip', 'relative change in food intake weight', 'colonic aganglionosis incidence', 'choroid plexus morphology', 'pancreatic islet protein/peptide composition', 'brain cholesterol', 'calculated serum insulin', 'common myeloid precursor cell', 'neuroepithelial layer differentiation trait', 'cd4+ t cell function', 'anterior semicircular canal size trait', 'head temperature', 'endometrioid carcinoma incidence measurement', 'ornithine decarboxylase activity', 'vertebra substantia spongiosa cross-sectional', 'heart right ventricle ribonucleic acid content', 'left ovary wet weight', 'lamina visceralis pericardii', 'cardiac ventricle morphology', 'statolith', 'blood vessel smooth muscle morphology', 'embryonic neuroepithelium morphology trait', 'heart muscle relaxation', 'heart left ventricle end-diastolic  posterior wall thickness', 'marrow cavity development', 'consumption measurement', 'absolute change in urine adrenaline excretion rate', 'serum dehydroepiandrosterone level', 'vestibular hair bundle inter-stereocilial link', 'lymph node trabeculae morphology trait', 'epididymal fat pad mass', 'lymphocyte structure', 'pancreatic islet lesion measurement', 'islet of langerhans beta cell area', 'tibia midshaft diameter', 'dorsal root ganglion', 'aortic wall elastin level', 'pituitary secretion', 'plasma got activity level', 'central nervous system glial cell', 'vestibular hair bundle shaft connector morphology', 'head physiology', 'fob cell morphology', 'mature b cell', 'thigh composition trait (poultry)', 'milk polyphenol', 'superior glossopharyngeal ganglion of the glossopharyngeal (ix) nerve', 'trabecular meshwork morphology trait', 'interdigitating reticular cell antigen presentation', 'blood pressure', 'inflammatory exudate tnfa concentration', 'dorsal basal ganglia', 'pericardium morphology', 'tactile corpuscle morphology', 'blood alanine transaminase', 'ovulation rate', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth tumor number', 'serum dihydrotestosterone', 'testes', 'scarpa ganglion', 'milk steroid', 'circulating interleukin-4', 'stationary movement trait', 'tongue epithelium', 'heart physiology trait', 'milk urea content', 'milk kappa-casein concentration', 'parietomastoid suture morphology trait', 'shoulder muscle', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c16:1 concentration', 'cns glia', 'plasma insulin-like growth factor 2', 'l4 drg morphology', 'urine hormone amount', 'basis cranii morphology', 'milk fatty acid cis-14/trans-16-c18', 'vitreal fibrous tissue morphology', 'blood natural killer cell count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'interleukin-8 physiology trait', 'right adrenal gland wet', 'blood differential white blood cell count as percentage of lymphocytes', 'liver copper measurement', 'telencephalic vesicle size trait', 'milk cd36 molecule amount', 'calculated motoneuron count', 'carcass', 'circulating interleukin ii', 'left ovary wet', 'urine taurine excretion rate', 'mineral amount', 'adrenal gland ribonucleic acid composition', 'natural killer t lymphocyte physiology', 'ureteric bud', 'cerebellum vermis lobule viii morphology', 'absolute change in urine 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid', 'cardiac output measurement', 'testis wet', 'band neutrophil percentage', 'fornicate gyrus morphology', 'il21 secretion', 'epiphyseal plate proliferative zone', 'plasma anti-type 2 collagen antibody level', 'suppressor t cell count', 'blood noradrenaline level', 'milk fatty acid trans-4-c18:1 percentage', 'log recovered h. influenzae cfu', 'plasma troponin t level', 'blood interleukin-16 amount', 'epiphysis cerebri', 'inner hair cell stereocilia quantity', 'the volume of ethanol consumed', 'blood neutrophil', 'vestibular ganglion morphology', 'pelvis', 'serum immunoglobulin g2a', 'fructosamine amount', 'milk beta-lactoglobulin', 'organ of corti supporting cell morphology trait', 'skin potassium level to skin dry weight ratio', 'midbrain morphology trait', 'pituicyte measurement', 'alcohol disappearance rate', 'spleen gc size', 'total area of duodenal region of pancreas', 'meat fatty acid c20:2', 'plasma idl-c', 'arm morphological measurement', 'spleen follicle center morphology', 'vertebral body morphology', 'microglial cell', 'b-cell proliferating factor secretion', 'morphology', 'neuromere morphology trait', 'intraepithelial t-cell morphology trait', 'plasma immunoglobulin d', 'morphology trait of the base of skull', 'paravertebral ganglion morphology', 'serum retinol', 'front foot phalanges', 'serum adrenaline level', 'lung protein activity', 'z line configuration trait', 'blood catecholamine hormone level', 'glomerular filtration', 'absolute change in blood glucose level area under curve', 'milk epithelial cell quantity', 'urine vanillylmandelic acid amount', 'polymorphonuclear leukocyte physiology', 'vertebra substantia spongiosa cross-sectional area', 'renal fat depot morphology', 'neuronal vacuole', 'pupil', 'organism subdivision', 'auditory hair cell number', 'forestomach weight', 'colostrum leptin', 'lymph gland morphological', 'parasympathetic postganglionic fiber morphology', 'pulmonary blood flow trait', 'pgc - pt = delta p', 'neuronal rer measurement', 'peritoneum morphology trait', 'transitional stage t1 b cell morphology', 'milk polyunsaturated fatty acid', 'meat omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid', 'flavor score', 'thymus wet', 'peripheral lymph node', 'initial amount of time spent in a discrete space in an experimental apparatus before moving', 'sympathetic ganglion morphology trait', 'plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone level (acth)', 'minor salivary gland morphology', 'plasma immunoglobulin g1', 'serum acetaminophen level area under curve', 'morphology trait of the fenestra of the cochlea', 'cd4-positive t cell development trait', 'wool fiber trait', 'blood granulocyte count', 'blood ketone body', 'blood pressure measurement', 'posterior uvea morphology', 'serum level of immunoglobulin g2a', 'aorta root', 'hippocampus pyramidal neuron', 'strial intermediate cell', 'effector t-cell', 'egg color', 'heart angiotensin i converting enzyme activity level', 'jugal bone morphology trait', 'nkt cell morphology', 'coat/hair color measurement', 'liver o-6-methylguanine-dna methyltransferase mrna', 'testis dry', 'milk fatty acid trans-11,cis-13-c18:2 percentage', 'milk mucin 1 content', 'milk lauric acid', 'tail diameter', 'circulating cachectin level', 'heart septal', 'ptprc+ thymocyte', 'lower jaw morphology trait', 'osteoclast', 'nasal mucosa morphology', 'mast cell histamine storage trait', 'heart left atrium size', 'efferent lymphatic vessel morphology trait', 'normal saline intake rate', 'blood inhibin amount', 'spinal cord ventral horn cd3(+) cell count', 'tonsil morphology trait', 'egg specific gravity', 'blood interleukin-1 beta', 'milk omega-3 fatty acid', 'bronchiole morphology', 'lambdoidal suture morphology', 'milk vitamin b 12', 'plasma anti-toxoplasma antibody', 'calculated urine vma', 'nk t lymphocyte physiology', 'placement of pupils', 'renal plasma flow', 'locus niger', 'kidney angiotensin i converting enzyme 2 activity level', 'retail product yield', 'calculated renal cortex protein composition measurement', 'meat cholesterol content', 'zona pellucida morphology trait', 'cancellous bone cross-sectional area', 'transitional stage b cell morphology', 'transitional three stage b-lymphocyte', 'arterial blood flow trait', 'calculated serum insulin level', 'calculated milk casein content', 'feather pecking trait', 'cn-x', 'well differentiated malignant colorectal neoplasm number', 'inguinal lymph node', 'uterus wet weight', 'hippocampus fornix morphology', 'both adrenal glands weight to body weight ratio', 'blood fructosamine', 'splenic white pulp morphology', 'milk fatty acid trans-12,cis-14-c18:2 concentration', 'mammary gland secreted fluid', 'hypothalamus morphology trait', 'thigh trait (poultry)', 'serum immunoglobulin a level', 'sublingual gland morphology trait', 'lumbar vertebra mass', 'bone marrow cell morphology', 'blood anti-dna antibody level', 'scrotum cell number', 'heart apex orientation trait', 'portal blood pressure', 'serum triiodothyronine', 'outer ear cartilage morphology trait', 'brain type ii spike-and-wave discharge amplitude', 'log recovered nontypeable h. influenzae cfu', 'mandible morphology', 'cn-iii morphology trait', 'cardiovascular measurement', 'body temperature regulation', 'heart left ventricle molecular composition', 'estrus intensity', 'scala media morphology', 'vitreous membrane morphology trait', 'spleen follicle centre', 'kidney crescentic glomeruli count', 'serum testosterone level', 'dressed carcass protein', 'right lung', 'blood low density lipoprotein triglyceride', 'baeps', 'non-lesioned side motoneuron', 'heart igf1r mrna level', 't2d prevalence', 'vertebra quantity', 'calculated daily spermatozoa count', 'brown fat weight', 'cochlear hair cell number', 'circulating alpha-interferon', 'statoconial membrane morphology', 'pancreatic beta cell', 'follicular b cell', 'lymphangiogenesis', 'lumen diameter at maximum constriction expressed', 'milk phosphorus concentration', 'cranial ganglion v', 'cranial flexure morphology', 'caudate putamen complex', 'perirenal fat pad morphological', 'dn1 thymic pro-t-cell', 'adrenal central medulla', 'neurite morphology trait', 'body region fat morphological measurement', 'body density', 'cerebral physiology trait', 'eosinophilic leukocyte morphology', 'meat tridecylic acid', 'heart intraventricular septum end-systolic thickness', 'liver morphology', 'brain protein/peptide composition measurement', 'tcr+ thymocyte count', 'serum thyroxine', 'colorectal tumor incidence', 'serum angiotensin ii level', 'brain phytosterol amount', 'liver tumorous lesion volume', 'body wall', 'outer ear shape trait', 'longissimus muscle', 'aorta morphology trait', 'spongy bone cross-sectional area', 'abomasum morphology', 'third ventricle morphology trait', 'oligodendrocyte progenitor quantity', 'serum ldl phospholipid level', 'skeletal muscle cell size trait', 'mesencephalic tegmentum morphology', 'neuron  vacuole', 'blood immunoglobulin e level', 'inner ear development trait', 'tongue integrity', 'embryo size', 'mpnst incidence/prevalence', 'neuron golgi apparatus', 'chorionic gonadotropin secretion trait', 'diencephalon cell quantity', 'gamma-delta t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'epididymides', 'rostrum', 'ratio of change in body weight to starting total body weight', 'ectoplacental cone', 'circulating interleukin-5', 'juxtaglomerular apparatus', 'eyelash morphology', 'hippocampus layer morphology trait', 'mammary gland height', 'femoral fat pad', 'heart left ventricle interstitial collagen', 'limb morphology', 'hindbrain development', 'lung weight as percentage of body weight', 'associative learning trait', 'percentage of study population displaying prostate tumors at a point in time', 'inflammatory exudate icosanoid', 'kidney blood vessel morphology trait', 'right ventricular volume', 'calculated cardiac output', 'striate body', 'glomerular capillaries', 'serum vasopressin level', 'effector t cell morphology', 'olfactory bulb', 'urine amylase', 'secretion by testes', 'cerebellar glomerulus morphology', 'thoracic duct', 'mantle zone morphology', 'plasma phospholipid', 'calculated milk protein content measurement', 'lymph node trabeculae', 'meat color lightness', 'lv +dp/dt max', 'insulin secretion trait', 'tibial work to failure', 'dendritic cell maturation', 'plasma tsh', 'adipocyte basal nefa secretion', 'tnf level', 'uterus integrity trait', 'liver ornithine decarboxylase activity', 'milk fatty acid c8', 'duodenum villi', 'metacarpal bone', 'glossopharyngeal nerve morphology', 'calculated liver tumorous lesion volume', 'calculated heart left ventricle end-diastolic posterior wall', 'cardiac elastic fiber', 'uterus dry weight', 'meat odor intensity', 'spleen marginal sinus morphology trait', 'experimental allergic neuritis onset/diagnosis measurement', 'fibula curvature trait', 'primary motor area morphology', 'cerebral cortex pyramidal cell quantity', 'abdominal fat pad weight', 'lens clarity', 'tarsals morphology trait', 'lymph organ physiology trait', 'milk ammonia concentration', 'lymph node b cell domain', 'interventricular septum membranous part morphology trait', 'blood hemoglobin a1c level level', 'lambdoid suture', 'yields', 'vibrissa length', 'anorectal integrity', 'circulating beta-interferon', 'milk omega-3 fatty acid amount', 'blood t lymphocyte count to total leukocyte count ratio', 'cerebellum anterior vermis size trait', 'neutrophil phagocytosis trait', 'hypothalamus dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac)', 'tibia area measurement', 'number of tunel-positivecells as percentage of total number of cells', 'serum immunoglobulin g subclass', 'gamma-delta t cell morphology', 'superior temporal gyrus', 'bone marrow cell', 'time to locate a target platform in an experimental apparatus', 'absolute per cell change in adipocyte free fatty acid secretion', 'polymorphonuclear leucocyte morphology', 'serum potassium', 'cd4+ t-cell morphology', 'heart atrium', 'pharyngeal arch development trait', 'nephron loop', 'mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus', 'stratum corneum morphology trait', 'forelimb long bone', 'plasma alanine aminotransferase activity level', 'blood parathyroid hormone level', 'corpus papillary morphology trait', 'blood gamma-glutamyltransferase amount', 'blood molecular composition measurement', 'methylene blue metabolism-surface area product without auto-oxidation', 'kidney glutathione peroxidase activity', 'anti-double stranded dna antibody level', 'petrosal ganglion', 'spleen morphology trait', 'single testis wet', 'cd4+ cell count', 'dendrite', 'calculated pancreas total protein level', 'number of capillaries per skeletal muscle fiber', 'luteinizing hormone secretion trait', 'heart excitatory physiology trait', 'blood lipoprotein phospholipid', 'mesonephric duct', 'smooth muscle', 'b-1a cell', 'isocortex morphology', 'serum immunoglobulin g1', 'immune system measurement', 'intramuscular adipose area as percentage of skeletal muscle', 'cd4-positive t cell morphology trait', 'bite alignment trait', 'interleukin amount', 'circulating lipid', 'milk monounsaturated fatty acid percentage', 'eae severity score', 'ventricular septum morphology trait', 'leg size trait', 'carcass skeletal weight', 'tongue muscle morphology trait', 'circulating il-12b', 'blood vessel endothelial cell morphology trait', 'basophil cell number', 'meat eicosanoic acid content', 't helper 1 cell number', 'labia minora morphology trait', 'elastic laminae morphology trait', 'femur cortical cross-sectional', 'blood hormone level', 'synovial blood flow', 'right lung weight', 'lymph gland dry', 'crg score', 'longissimus muscle weight', 'cochlear labyrinth morphology trait', 'beta cell', 'percentage of study population developing liver tumors during a period of time', 's wave amplitude', 'primary neuromuscular spindle size', 'periuterine fat pad morphology trait', 'adipocyte area', 'hematuria prevalence in hydronephrosis', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity tumor number', 'calculated renal glomerulosclerotic lesion', 'plasma beta-sitosterol', 'calculated urine norepinephrine level', 'calculated weight of islet beta cells in duodenal region of pancreas', 'pancreas weight as a percentage of body weight', 'milk metallic flavor intensity', 'purkinje cell nerve fiber organization', 'milk fatty acid c10:0 concentration', 'platelet physiology', 'serum anti-ssdna antibody titer', 'alveolar process morphology', 'mzb cell morphology trait', 'serum pyruvate level', 'milk trans-4-octadecenoic acid content', 'poorly differentiated malignant colorectal tumor surface area', 'liver total copper weight', 'malignant hepatocellular carcinoma incidence', 'muscle nerve fiber', 'blood vessel endothelial cell number', 'anterior horn morphology trait', 'both suprarenal glands weight to body weight ratio', 'meat palmitoleic acid', 'angiotensin 2 half maximal effective', 'lymphocyte morphology trait', 'hair cycle', 'urinary bladder physiology trait', 'isoproterenol-stimulated adipocyte maximal free fatty acid secretion', 'inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion of the glossopharyngeal (ix) nerve morphology trait', 'circulating b-cell proliferating factor level', 'meat firmness', 'white adipose tissue morphology', 'edl morphology', 'secretion of acth', 'palatine process', 'passive avoidance behavior trait', 'sterol homeostasis trait', 'tibia bone mineral', 'absolute change in adipocyte non-esterified fatty acid release per unit volume', 'trochlear nerve morphology', 'middle ear epithelium thickness', 'pulmonary alveolus morphology trait', 'fontana canal morphology', 'anterior stroma morphology', 'otolith', 'hind feet morphological', 'thymus medulla morphology', 'triglyceride', 'conditioning behavior trait', 'aortic blood flow trait', 'egg quantity', 'sexual interaction trait', 'interleukin-23 secretion trait', 'blood epinephrine', 'serum prl level', 'ventricular septal thickness', 'blood coagulation', 'serum cystatin 3', 'sour taste sensitivity', 'eae post-insult time to onset', 'neurite morphology', 'ovarian follicle', 'r wave amplitude', 'heart ventricle morphology', 'heart weight as percentage of body weight', 'blood ketone body amount', 'milk cis-vaccenic acid', 'hook', 'ph regulation trait', 'pyometritis severity measurement', 'lacrimal gland physiology trait', 'serum haptoglobin', 'lung interstitium morphology', 'blood cd45rchigh cd4 t cell count', 'endochondral ossification initiation', 'cortical bone morphology', 'interleukin-6 physiology', 'mpi', 'oculomotor nerve morphology trait', 'ovary size trait', 'calculated pancreatic islet beta cell', 'hepatic lesion', 'rostral migratory stream', 'milk adipophilin', 'dn4 immature t cell', 'cardiomyocyte count', 'heart left ventricle weight as a percentage of body weight', 'hemolymphoid system', 'milk eicosanoic acid content', 'spiral ligament morphology trait', 'interleukin-5 secretion', 'milk fatty acid c17', 'aorta wall protein/peptide composition', 'pulmonary valve', 'anterior-posterior polarity of the somites', 'cardiac elastic fiber morphology', 'tnfa', 'colostrum somatic cell count', 'blood follicle stimulating hormone level', 'egg yolk height', 'middle ear epithelium', 'calculated neuron rough endoplasmic reticulum area', 'motor neuron', 'calculated urine creatinine', 'myelencephalon', 'serum igg-rftiter', 'maternal age at first egg production', 'egg organoleptic trait', 'dopaminergic level', 'pre-b cell', 'plasma cystatin 3', 'cervical spinal cord serotonin amount', 'baroreflex function', 'plasma reduced glutathione', 'mammary blood flow trait', 'circulating il4 level', 'adipose', 'calculated plasma adrenaline', 'grade 3 insulitis', 'cervical vertebral column', 'fenestra rotunda morphology', 'oligodendrocyte morphology trait', 'percentage of study population displaying hepatic tumors at a point in time', 'natural killer t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'isocortex morphology trait', 'meat polyunsaturated fatty acid content', 'hepatobiliary system development', 'kidney calyx morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid c6', 'vo2max', 'agp amount', 'il17 secretion', 'pituitary gland hyperplastic lesion measurement', 'common lymphoid progenitor cell morphology trait', 'dopaminergic neuron number', 'carcass morphological measurement', 'nasal epithelium', 'adrenergic chromaffin cell morphology trait', 'vertebra morphology', 'hair medulla', 'inguinal fat pad weight to body weight ratio', 'womb', 'myocardial cell', 'meat fatty acid c12', 'brain ventricle morphological measurement', 'serum adiponectin', 'nerve fiber response trait', 'superior temporal gyrus morphology trait', 'lens orientation trait', 'uterine natural killer cell quantity', 'heart development trait', 'logarithm of the concentration of sodium nitroprusside at which the reduction in force during dilation of a blood vessel is half the maximum value (log ec50)', 'serum growth hormone level', 'clavicle size', 'blood vessel endothelial cell', 'thymic corticomedullary boundary morphology', 'blood bradykinin amount', 'long bone diaphysis', 'cranial ganglion morphology trait', 'cochlear duct', "meissner's corpuscle nerve fiber quantity", 'thermal receptor', 'histamine storage', "peyer's patch epithelium", 'brain cholesterol level', 'multinucleated phagocyte', 'spleen b cell follicle morphology trait', 'umami taste sensitivity trait', 'thymus ribonucleic acid amount', 'calculated liver remodeling tumorous lesion number', 'serum testosterone', 'plasma adiponectin', 'meat cis-vaccenic acid', 'conn.d', 'blood sex steroid level', 'spleen interferon gamma-secreting mononuclear cell', 'onset of herpes simplex encephalitis', 'gall bladder morphology', 'inflammatory exudate eicosanoid', 'heart left ventricle cell size trait', 'percentage of study population developing colorectal tumors during a period of time', 'memory b cell development', 'morphology trait of the basal lamina of the choroid', 'social interaction', 'milk fatty acid c7:0 percentage', 'pre-b lymphocyte cell', 'blood t4', 'urethra measurement', 'cardiac muscle trabeculae morphology', 'corneal clarity trait', 'milk cis-11-octadecenoic acid content', 'muscle cis-11-eicosenoic acid', 'phenylephrine log half maximal effective concentration (log ec50)', 'myocardial compact layer morphology', 'gustatory papillae', 'seminal gland size', 'pulmonary alveolus', 'interlabial sulcus morphology', 'serum autoantibody titer', 'horizontal semicircular canal', 'thymus lobule morphology trait', 'left-right axis somite development', 'brachial lymph node size trait', 'pulmonary arterial blood pressure measurement', 'brown fat morphology trait', 'platelet adhesion trait', 'thermal nociception', 'thymus development', 'inner hair cell sterocilia', 'trabecular meshwork', 'trabecular meshwork morphology', 'trabecular volumetric bmd', 'sodium nitroprusside response/sensitivity measurement', 'cochlear hair cell stereociliary bundle morphology trait', 'henle membrane morphology', 'calculated neuron golgi apparatus area', 'total kidney glomerular volume', 'duodenum mass', 'brain total spike-wave discharge duration', 'iris size trait', 'total ventral coat/hair', 'plasma vasopressin', 'absolute change in urine vanillylmandelic acid level', 'forebrain epinephrine amount', 'liver tumorous lesion volume to total liver volume ratio', 'neutrophil physiology trait', 'brain beta-sitosterol', 'trabecular meshwork size trait', 'egg shape', 'incisor morphology trait', 'plasma triacylglycerol level', 'embryonic growth trait', 'onset of skeletal myogenesis', 'circulating il17 level', 'morphology trait of the fenestra of the vestibule', 'vermal pyramis morphology trait', 'parietal suture morphology', 'brain norepinephrine', 'ankle bone', 'withdrawal response to addictive substance trait', 'touch perception', 'epp activity', 'palatine gland morphology trait', 'esophageal peristalsis', 'equilibrioception system physiology trait', 'epididymal fat depot', 'novel food', 'epiphysis width', 'calculated voluntary body movement', 'experimental autoimmune uveitis score', 'organ morphological measurement', 'vascular smooth muscle contractility', 'log of the total number of recovered tigr4 bacterial cfus', 'milk fatty acid trans-13/14-c18:1 percentage', 'tactile sense', 'bone measurement', 'blood antidiuretic hormone level', 'kidney tubule size trait', 'sympathetic nerve fiber organization', 'helper t lymphocyte type 1 cell differentiation', 'skeletal muscle physiology', 'transitional two stage b-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'supraoccipital bone morphology trait', 'seminal gland physiology', 'carpal bone morphology', 'heart right ventricle insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor mrna level', 'left lung wet', 'inflammatory exudate tumor necrosis factor level', 'blood interleukin-12 amount', 'purkinje cell quanitity', 'milk total protein content', 'both seminal glands wet', 'carcass length, first rib to pelvis', 'svz', 'front feet morphological', 'time constant of left ventricular pressure decay', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,trans-14-c18', 'suppressor t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'kidney platinum', 'circulating interleukin-12', 'iron homeostasis trait', 'fetus morphological', 'absolute change in heart rate variability', 'vertebra morphological measurement', 'cephalic flexure morphology', 'interneuron number', 'serum ck activity', 'ham muscle mass', 'milk arachidonic acid percentage', 'prostate tumorous lesion area', 'parasitic infection trait', 'placenta weight', 'masticatory muscle size trait', 'blood pituitary hormone amount', 'kidney tubulointerstitial score', 'mannose-binding protein physiology trait', 'skin molecular composition trait', 'corpus callosum morphology trait', 'vertebral body', 'rib trait', 'spinal cord b2m protein level', 'blood hdl phospholipid amount', 'blood activated t cell', 'maxillary shelf morphology', 'gastrulation', 'mesencephalic flexure morphology', 'external lymph node morphology', 'sensory neuron quantity', 'milk vaccenic acid content', 't cell receptor v(d)j recombination trait', 'blood anti-erythrocyte antigen antibody amount', "a' wave velocity", 'milk fatty acid trans-11,cis-13-c18:2 concentration', '(whr)', 'germ cell', 'systolic diurnal amplitude', 'leukocyte cell', 'femoral neck biomechanical measurement', 'blood lactate amount', "peyer's patch germinal center morphology", 'exocrine pancreas measurement', 'mononuclear leukocyte count', 'bmc/bw', 'pro-b cell morphology', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck measurement', 'memory b cell morphology trait', 'ventricle stroke work', 'lymph node germinal center morphology', 'joint capsule', 'circulating prolactin level', 'cristae morphology trait', 'renal cortex', 'kidney pelvis morphology', 'tissue composition', 'blood leptin level', 'secondary lens fiber morphology trait', 'heart left ventricle insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor mrna', 'anterior semicircular canal morphology trait', 'calculated whole body visceral fat', 'physiological saline intake rate', 'harderian gland physiology trait', 'tooth morphology', 'tectum morphology trait', 'poorly differentiated malignant colorectal tumor', 'secondary neuromuscular spindle morphology', 'disease progression', 'tameness/aggressiveness composite score', 'corpus luysi morphology', 'bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue morphology', 'left ventricular developed pressure', 'number stillborn', 'saline drink intake rate', 'radius length', 'palatine shelf', 'milk fatty acid c12', 'response to morphine', 'male meiosis trait', 'circulating il9', 'serum levels of follitropin', 'urine protein level to urine creatinine level ratio', 'serum total immunoglobulin e level', 'milk fatty acid c16', 'horizontal plate morphology', 'respiratory alveologenesis', 'alimentary/gastrointestinal disease incidence/prevalence measurement', 'haemolymphoid system development', 'plasma sod activity level', 'regulatory t lymphocyte morphology', 'blood ghrelin', 'gastric mucosa thickness', 'antrum follicle', 'post-insult time to onset of defensive burying response', 'total ventral coat/hair area', 'sympathetic neuron morphology trait', 'epithalamus', 'insulin secretion', 'heart left ventricle end-diastolic  posterior wall', 'neutrophilic leucocyte physiology trait', 'long-term potentiation trait', 'plasma cystatin 3 level', 'milk fatty acid cis-12,trans-14-c18:2', 'ean incidence', 'small intestine orientation trait', 'corneal stroma development', 'plasma immunoglobulin g2b', 'tibia morphological', 'loin yield', 'nail morphology', 'heart left ventricle systolic volume-axis intercept (v0)', 'liver development', 'serum levels of gh', 'myeloid differentiation-inducing protein secretion', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth', 'wool staple length', 'amacrine neuron morphology', 'mandibular cartilage development', 'peripheral t lymphocyte anergy', 'perigonadal fat pad', 'femur curvature', 'blood ethanol level at regain of the labyrinthine righting reflex', 'thigh muscle', 'm cells morphology', 'segmented neutrophil granulocyte count', 'shoulder girdle', 'colostrum prolactin', 'parasympathetic postganglionic fiber morphology trait', 'immunoglobulin heavy chain v-d-j recombination', 'colorectal adenoma surface area', 'atrioventricular canal configuration', 'blood lipoprotein triglyceride', 'ovary wet weight', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,trans-12-c18:2 percentage', 'synapse morphology', 'duration of loss of righting response', 'pulmonary gas exchange', 'biceps brachii muscle length', 'white adipocyte size trait', 'logarithm of the concentration of acetylcholine at which the reduction in force during dilation of a blood vessel is half the maximum value (log ec50)', 't cell receptor gamma chain v-j rearrangement', 'circulating mineralcorticoid level', 'head mass', 'interleukin-2 physiology trait', 'palatine process morphology trait', 'auditory ossicle', 'penis', 'squamosal bone morphology trait', 'heart right ventricle cell size', 'sclera morphology trait', 'sinoatrial node morphology trait', 'golgi tendon organ', 'aorta wall extracellular elastin dry', 'sensory neuron', 'log recovered s. pneumoniae cfu', 'pancreas peptide hormone composition', 'blood cd45rc+ cd4+ t cell count', 'heart ventricular morphology trait', 'common lymphocyte progenitor cell morphology', 'inflammatory exudate polymorphonuclear leukocyte', 'ratio of change in body weight to initial total body weight', 'cytotoxic t cell morphology', 'mammary alveoli size', 'serum blood glycerol', 'inferior colliculus size trait', 'prevertebral ganglion cell number', 'meat cooking loss', 'mesencephalic vesicle', 'serum glutathione level', 'ileum muscle', 'meat eicosanoic acid', 'somite formation initation', 'epidermis morphology trait', 'lymphocyte adhesion', 'nucleus accumbens', 'blood interferon-alpha level', 'chemoreceptor', 'tv', 'bone ash', 'food intake weight to body weight ratio', 'residual food intake', 'penile erection physiology trait', 'plasma immunoglobulin g2a', 'unilateral renal agenesis incidence/prevalence', 'heart contractility measurement', 'calculated pulmonary vascular resistance normalized to body weight', 'interlobular fissure development trait', 'blood anti-toxoplasma antibody level', 'aorta wall dry', 'optic nerve morphology', 'kidney glomerulus diameter', 'cervical opening shape trait', "reichert's membrane", 'occipital bone', 'cephalic flexure morphology trait', 'brain electrophysiology trait', 'response to methamphetamine', 'long length of egg trait', 'abdominal subcutaneous fat', 'shank circumference', 'brain spike-wave activity severity grade', 'midbrain cell number', 'hair down neuron morphology trait', 'falciform lobe morphology', 'milk butyrophilin concentration', 't3 b cell number', 'interventricular septal configuration', "merkel's receptor", 'colostrum prolactin content', 'drumstick muscle percentage', 'testes weight', 'cardiac muscle trabeculae morphology trait', 'ra', 'blood high density lipoprotein triglyceride level', 'retinal outer nuclear layer morphology', 'oviduct morphology', 'brain swd severity grade', 'intestinal smooth muscle contractility trait', 'abdominal morphological', 'total lymphocyte count', 'combined food plus drink calorie intake', 'pancreas protein/peptide composition', 'labyrinth layer morphology', 'pals morphology', 'interferon-beta secretion trait', 'ileum villi', 'heart left ventricle end-diastolic anterior wall thickness', 'anti-double stranded dna antibody', 'blood gpx activity', 'forelimb muscle morphology trait', 'acetylcholine-induced blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction', 'intestine integrity trait', 'ureter number', 'plasma very low density lipoprotein phospholipid level', 'area postrema morphology', 'liver fat volume to total liver volume ratio', 'serum immunoglobulin g2a level', 'heart non-esterified fatty acid', 'pcna-positive cells', 'selenium', 'cataract incidence/prevalence', 'both testes volume', 'salivation trait', 'cochlear hair bundle ankle links morphology trait', 'eyelash retention trait', 'intramuscular fat amount', 'phagocytosis trait', 'milk omega-3 fatty acid content', 'tunnel of corti morphology', 'lymphoid system morphology', 'spleen follicle centre size trait', 'malar process morphology', 'cytotoxic t-cell physiology trait', 'spleen mononuclear cell', 'parathyroid gland morphology', 'brain type i swd rate', 'body length', 'liver copper weight to liver wet weight ratio', 'vertebral body/neural arch fusion trait', 'zygoma', 'calculated intestinal aganglionosis severity measurement', 'heart muscle contraction', 'pons morphology', 'blood enzyme activity', 'total subjects with arthritis', 'blood differential leukocyte count', 'inflammatory mediator physiology', 'mesoderm development', 'oesophagus morphology trait', 'tongue squamous epithelium morphology trait', 'skin pigmentation', 'reduced pro-b cell number', 'meat fatty acid', 'splenic cell', 'total weight of neonates per litter', 'hypoxia-induced blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of force at maximum constriction', 'clitoris', 'tracheal-esophageal septation', 'c3 physiology', 'auricle of atrium configuration trait', 'chemical response/sensitivity', 'middle ear morphology trait', 'thoracic vertebra number', 'cerebellar molecular layer morphology trait', 'milk selenium', 'cardiac development trait', 'axillary lymph node size', 'type i pneumocyte', 'parasympathetic nervous system', 'peritoneal macrophage morphology', 'embryogenesis', 'bulbourethral gland', 'b-1b cell', 'eae duration', 'keel length', 'digit development', 'blood total cholesterol', 'plasma nh2-terminal nppb', 'seminal gland', 'thigh bone weight', 'experimental allergic neuritis severity', 'calculated kidney cortex protein composition', 'milk manganese', 'metacarpus', 'optic nerve fiber', 'c5 physiology trait', 'blood pituitary hormone level', 'tibia-fibula cortical bone total cross-sectional', 'am/ai/bm', 'mesenteric artery phosphylated enos', 'circulating thyroid hormone', 'relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis prevalence', 'single adrenal gland wet weight to body weight ratio', 'muscle/skeletal mechanoreceptor', 'b-1b cell number', 'ear orientation', 'somite differentiation initiation', 'milk cholesterol concentration', 'blood gamma-gt amount', 'heart valve morphology', 'bone toughness measurement', 'interdigitating reticular cell physiology trait', 'joint', 'ventral prostate gland wet weight', 'liver nonremodeling tumorous lesion volume to total liver volume ratio', 'b2 cell morphology trait', 'calculated adipocyte glucose uptake', 'ovarian secretion trait', 'duration of loss of body righting reflex', 'blood alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase amount', 'optic stalk', 'dn3 alpha-beta immature t-cell', 'calculated plasma e. coli specific antibody level', 'liver rna composition measurement', 'aortic', 'tibialis anterior morphology', 'tnf physiology trait', 'total food-derived energy intake', 'number of fetuses lost perinatally to litter size ratio', 'bone development trait', 'brain type ii spike-and-wave discharge rate', 'fiber cell morphology trait', 'b-cell stimulatory factor 2 secretion', 'ear', 'occipitomastoid suture', 'startle reflex', 'embryonic subventricular zone morphology trait', 'number', 'calculated abdominal fat pad', 'acute eae incidence/prevalence', 'milk fatty acid cis-13-c18:1 concentration', 'somite size trait', 'serum albumin level', 'spleen primary b follicle morphology', 'cheek bone morphology trait', 'esophagus mass', 'blood corticosterone amount', 'calculated blood acetaminophen', 'liver tumorous lesion number to liver volume ratio', 'milk triglyceride', 'germ layer development trait', 'milk trans-10-octadecenoic acid content', 'behavioral response to thermal stimulus trait', 'righting reflex measurement', 'forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity ratio', 'ige level', 'l5 ganglion morphology trait', 'single pancreatic islet area', 'spinal cord c1qb mrna', 'intestinal aganglionosis prevalence', 'blood vessel smooth muscle', 'parathyroid gland physiology', 'body weight of neonate', 'paries vestibularis ductus cochlearis', 'maximal carbon dioxide production (vco2)', 'frontal bone morphology', 'esophagus development trait', 'epididymal plus perirenal white adipose tissue weight to body weight ratio', 'serum anti-type ii collagen antibody level', 'suppressor t-cell morphology', 'nucleus niger morphology', 'liver lesion', 'blood testosterone amount', 'diabetes prevalence', 'intramuscular adipose amount', 'accessory nerve morphology', 'cochlear hair bundle morphology trait', 'lymph node t cell domain morphology', 'urine catecholamine', 'uterine weight', 'vermal pyramis', 'meat fatty acid trans-6/9-c18', 'terminal lung bud size trait', 'hippocampus fimbria morphology', 'platelet calcium', 'circulating il23 level', 'incidence of pituitary tumors that replace a portion of the gland', 'milk fatty acid cis-14/trans-16-c18:1 percentage', 'pancreas mass', 'extracraniale ganglion', 'response to xenobiotic stimulus', 'blood cd3(+) cell', 'milk trait', 'absolute change in adipocyte free fatty acid secretion per cell', 'coronary artery morphology', 'abdominal lymph node', 'pancreatic insulin to total pancreatic protein ratio', 'dn1 thymic pro-t cell quantity', 'plasma anti-deoxyribonucleic acid antibody', 'spinal accessory nerve morphology trait', 'neuronal precursor differentiation', 'cloaca respiration trait', 'reticulocyte morphology', 'skin fold', 'left ventricular systolic blood pressure', 'lung capacity', 'ileum length', 'anterior segment morphology trait', 'atrioventricular cushion morphology trait', 'urinary bladder size', 'blood vessel contractility', 'extensor digitorum longus morphology', 'blood interleukin-7', 'dressed carcass fat percentage', 'ovary size', 'calculated urine protein', 'ratio of the wet weight of a single adrenal gland to the weight of the body', 'kidney function', 'adipocyte maximal non-esterified fatty acid release', 'roof plate morphology trait', 'il-23a secretion', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c16:1', 'bacterial count', 'polynuclear neutrophilic leucocyte', 'pre-b lymphocyte cell number', 'calculated white blood cell', 'blood cd45rchigh cd4+ t cell count', 'sympathetic ganglia morphology', 'milk conjugated linoleic acid percentage', 'hemopoietic system trait', 'brain infarction', 'infarction weight', 'anti-single-stranded dna antibody concentration', 'band neutrophil', 'adipose distribution', 'brachial lymph node', 'serum anti-porcine type 2 collagen antibody level', 'brain type ii swd frequency', 'cd8+ cell count', 'blood alcohol', 'eustachian tube morphology', 'hindlimb stylopod morphology trait', 'blood immunoglobulin measurement', 'intermediate disk', 'blood naga', 'response to heat trait', 'adipose linoleic acid', 'blood interleukin-1 amount', 'bronchiole morphology trait', 'calculated spinal cord ventral horn area', 'compact bone morphology trait', 'subthalamus morphology', 'viral infection', 'ureter length', 'patent ductus arteriosus score', 'hair-tylotrich neuron', 'somite morphology trait', 'interleukin-5 secretion trait', 'neuron count', 'spleen marginal zone macrophage morphology trait', 'glutathione peroxidase', 'cd8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t cell morphology', 'blood bile acid amount', 'blood interleukin-12b', 'egg morphology trait', 'serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol', 'heart intraventricular septum end-diastolic', 'nerve fiber', 'amniotic fold morphology trait', 'plasma autoantibody', 'circulating il17', 'startle reflex trait', 'serum level of immunoglobulin g', 'retinal photoreceptor layer', 'tibia elasticity trait', 'intramuscular adipose area as percentage of skeletal muscle area', 'liver dry', 'vascular endothelial cell morphology trait', 'lymph gland wet weight', 'cerebellum vermis cell quantity', 'dermal layer', 'learning/memory', 'parasympathetic preganglionic fiber', 'medulla oblongata', 'thyroid gland size trait', 'transitional one stage b-cell', 'forelimb conformation trait', 'neutrophil leucocyte physiology trait', 'whole pancreas protein level', 'penile erection physiology', 'angle of a tilted plane at which balance/traction is lost', 'cortical volumetric bone mineral density', 'plasma potassium', 'osteoclast cell quantity', 'percentage of experiment time spent in a discrete space in an experimental apparatus', 'prostate integrity trait', 'choanae morphology', 'glandula pinealis morphology trait', 'areola or nipple', 'cerebellar granule cell', 'benign liver tumor prevalence', 'b lymphocyte percentage', 'dermis mast cell', 'b cell antigen presentation', 'milk cholesterol amount', 'neuromuscular junction morphology', 'statolith morphology', 'number of early pro-b cells', 'lamina basilaris cochleae', 'vascular stripe morphology', 'blood igm level', 'prostate gland morphological measurement', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t cell morphology', 'glomerulus count', 'lymphocyte count to total wbc count ratio', 'embryonic cell/tissue morphology', 'splenocyte', 'pmn morphology', 'periuterine fat pad', 'muscle measurement', 'developed blood pressure', 'reticulocyte', 'blood uric acid', 'blood rt6.1 positive cell count', 'dendritic cell physiology trait', 'number of photobeam interruptions in an experimental apparatus', 'heart septum weight', 'tibia cortical bone volume', 'onset of ear extroversion', 'blood anti-self antibody level', 'tibio-fibular complex cortical bone total cross-sectional area', 'natural t cell physiology', 'gaba neuron number', 'cardiac muscle fiber morphological measurement', 'binary logarithm of pituitary gland wet', 'serum amyloid protein amount', 'intercostal muscle morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid c13', 'heart mass', 'vestibule morphology trait', 'cd4-positive t cell number', 'b lymphocyte morphology', 'response to cocaine', 'circulating myeloid differentiation-inducing protein', 'fenestra ovalis', 'multinucleated phagocyte morphology trait', 'basal white blood cell dna synthesis', 'seminal gland size trait', 'circulating binetrakin level', 'cerebellum', 'prostate size', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,trans-11-c18:2 concentration', 'meat structure', 'rr_interval', 'lymphocyte chemoattractant factor secretion', 'brain ventricle/choroid plexus morphology trait', 'serum anti-double-stranded dna antibody titer', 'serum anti-ssdna antibody level', 'cd4-cd8- t cell', 'blood immunoglobulin amount', 'complement alternative pathway physiology trait', 'stomach tumor number', 'inflammatory exudate lipoxin a4', 'adipose unsaturated fatty acid content', 'large intestine orientation', 'superior glossopharyngeal ganglion morphology', 'calculated liver tumorous lesion', 'adipocyte maximal glucose uptake to basal glucose uptake ratio', 'milk unsaturated fatty acid content', 'frontal sinus', 'plasma retinol', 'serum angiotensin i converting enzyme 2 activity', 'percentage of study population developing type 2 diabetes mellitus during a period of time', 'l4 sympathetic ganglia', 'lateral geniculate nucleus morphology', 'lymph node-specific lymphocyte tracer radioactivity level', 'trigeminal motor nucleus', 'musculoskeletal system measurement', 'milk copper amount', 'otic vesicle size', 'length of intestine affected by intestinal aganglionosis', 'cd4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t-cell morphology trait', 'cerebrospinal fluid', 'superior cervical ganglion size', 'orbit morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid c20:5 n-3', 'thermal stimulus', 'fear/anxiety-related behavior', 'serum levels of lh', 'calculated bone section morphological', 'egl morphology trait', 'milk casein percentage', 'milk osteopontin amount', 'antigen presenting cell morphology trait', 'urethra size', 'blood lipoprotein level', 'muscle fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18:2 percentage', 'olfactory system physiology', 'acquisition performance', 'macrophage quantity', 'pancreatic tissue molecular composition measurement', 'milk fatty acid c20:4(n-6) percentage', 'urine keto acid', 'experimental allergic neuritis severity measurement', 'heart electrical impulse conduction', 'sclera thickness', 'hematolymphoid system morphology trait', 'olfactory mucosa', 'kidney morphology trait', 'lymphopoiesis trait', 'muscle fatty acid c17:0 percentage', 'reissner membrane size', 'cd4(+) cell count', 'brain molecular composition trait', 'splenic mononuclear cell', 'muscular system development trait', 'interventricular septal', 'blood carboxyhaemoglobin', 'treg cell number', 'muscle spindle morphology trait', 'plasma vldl', 'blood glycogen amount', 'circulating binetrakin', 'copper amount', 'longissimus dorsi size trait', 'pancreas weight to body weight ratio', 'lamina visceralis pericardii morphology', 'alveolar macrophage morphology', 'thymocyte morphology trait', 'spermatogenesis trait', 'caput epididymis morphology trait', 'hypaxial muscle cell', 'drink intake volume', 'renal artery morphology trait', 'ratio of renal blood flow change to renal perfusion pressure change', 'spleen secondary b follicle morphology trait', 'pituitary gland morphological', 'age at puberty', 'coronal suture', 'hypertrophic chondrocyte zone', 'cochlear ihc morphology', 'muzzle morphology trait', 'hepatic non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'axillary lymph node morphology trait', 'serum insulin-like growth factor 1', 'splenic white pulp', 'subthalamic nucleus', 'femur morphological', 'mammillary body morphology', 'inguinal lymph node morphology', 'chronic eae prevalence', 'inner ear neuroepithelium morphology', 'transitional stage t2 b cell quantity', 'muscle fatty acid c16', 'tarsal joint', 'artery integrity', 'nk t-cell', 'ratio of the area occupied by pancreatic islets to total pancreatic', 'delaminated enamel', 'vaginal epithelium morphology trait', 'lactotroph count', 'lymph node cortex morphology trait', 'plasma epinephrine', 'cardiomyocyte diameter', 'brain total type ii swd duration', 'hematolymphoid system trait', 'femur ultimate force', 'cubic root of body weight to nasoanal length ratio', 'mammary gland physiology trait', 'pericardium', 'b cell number', 'ventral prostate size', 'pmn', 'tissue composition measurement', 'b lymphocyte physiology trait', 'cerebral cortex pyramidal neuron morphology trait', 'miscarriage', 'acute phase protein physiology trait', 'interleukin-10 secretion trait', 'mucous neck cell morphology trait', 'food intake volume measurement', 'islet of langerhans', 'retina cell', 'hepatic tumorous lesion area to total liver area ratio', 'muscle fatty acid c14:0', 'nonfunctional nipple', 'milk cla concentration', 'proventriculus capacity', 'blood cd8 lymphocyte', 'th1 cell to th2 cell ratio as percentage', 'trigeminal ganglion size', 'neuromuscular spindle morphology trait', 'palmitoleic acid percentage', 'meat fatty acid trans-11-c18:1 concentration', 'pancreas size', 'dn1 thymic pro-t-lymphocyte', 'mature gamma-delta t lymphocyte morphology', 'locus ceruleus', 'cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t cell morphology', 'deiters cell number', 'blood aspartate aminotransferase activity', 'fillet weight', 'non-return rate', 'bone volume', 'gustatory system', 'ulna curvature', 'spleen trabecular vein', 'tectorial membrane attachment trait', 'immature b cell quantity', 'loin size trait', 'type i spiral ligament fibrocyte morphology', 'milk fatty acid cis-12,trans-14-c18', 'uterine wet weight', 'kidney ace2 activity level', 'myrinx', 'malignant colorectal neoplasm', 'thymic lymphocyte cound', 'experimental arthritis prevalence', 'femoral neck cortex cross-sectional', 'body posture', 'right ventricular morphology', 'feather length', 'vibrissae number', 'choroid/ventricle morphology', 'blood suppressor/cytotoxic t cell percentage', 'stomach size', 'acetylcholine-induced blood vessel dilation expressed', 'calculated food intake measurement', 'area of spinal cord ventral horn stained for mhc class ii rt1a', 'helper t cell type 1', 'egg yolk height to diameter ratio, fowl', 'muscle ribonucleic acid composition measurement', 'social investigation trait', 'serum carboxyhemoglobin level', 'nerve cell count', 'circulating adrenocorticotropin level', 'count of superficial glomeruli not directly contacting the kidney surface', 'hair length', 'urine glucose amount', 'pacinian corpuscle', 'calculated saccharin drink intake rate', 'scala media size', 'mesenteric fat depot', 'interatrial septum morphology trait', 'pns glia morphology', 'heart insulin-like growth factor 1 mrna level', 'palatine shelf morphology', 'spatial accuracy', 'compact bone', 'serum adrenocorticotropic hormone level (acth)', 'thymus cortico-medullary junction morphology trait', 'lv weight/tibial length', 'circulating ketone body', 'antigen presenting cell morphology', 'endoderm development trait', 'intercostal muscle', 'milk xanthine oxidoreductase amount', 'milk fatty acid trans-4-c18', 'embryo turning', 'splenic white pulp morphology trait', 'cervical epithelium', 'inflammatory mediator physiology trait', 'transitional stage t1 b cell morphology trait', 'renal tubular degeneration incidence/prevalence measurement', 'blood alkaline phosphatase', 'beef odor intensity', 'bruch membrane morphology', 't cell anergy', 'plasma immunoglobulin g2a amount', 'thymus immature t cell count', 'eae progression measurement', 'nasal bone morphology trait', 'liver wet weight to body weight ratio', 'transverse gyrus of heschl morphology trait', 'circulating interleukin-12p40 level', 'urine steroid', 'intervertebral cartilage development', 'total dorsal coat/hair', 'auditory brainstem response threshold', 'adipocyte incremental free fatty acid secretion per unit volume', 'barrel cortex organization trait', 'stapes footpiece morphology', 'total water plus quinine-water intake to total water only intake ratio', 'complement alternative pathway physiology', 'shoulder blade morphology', 'colorectal neoplasm incidence', 'liver phytosterol level', 'eyelid morphology trait', 'malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor onset/diagnosis measurement', 'calculated leukocyte measurement', 'intercalated disc morphology', 'respiratory system trait', 'distal forelimb circumference', 'leg size', 'tissue weight of the ileum', 'breast', 'factor b physiology', 'bone density', 'retinal inner nuclear layer', 'heart interventricular septum', 'number of follicular dendritic cells', 'osteoclast morphology', 'spleen iron', 'capsula glomeruli morphology', 'ph regulation', 'plasma phosphate', 'humeral axillary lymph node size trait', 'beta-casein content', 'eye morphology trait', 'body size', 'calculated kidney morphological measurement', 'forebrain dopamine', 'horny layer', 'single testis wet weight as percentage of body', 'lacrimal system morphology trait', 'vertebra morphological', 'calculated total heart ventricle weight', 'adrenergic system', 'percentage of study population developing prostate tumors during a period of time', 'mammary gland terminal end bud', 'vagus ganglion morphology trait', 't-cell domain morphology', 'nonfunctional teat number', 'thrombopoiesis', 'lymph node morphology trait', 'placenta', 'percent change in respiration rate', 'renal artery integrity trait', 'tympanic cavity epithelium width', 'milk fatty acid trans-13-14-c18', 'skin morphology', 'tibia straight segment length', 'retroperitoneal fat depot morphology trait', 'corneal epithelium morphology', 'female reproductive organ morphological', 'circulating tcgf', 'eyelid thickness', 'food calorie intake level to body weight ratio', 'conductive hearing physiology trait', 'choroid size trait', 'blood-air barrier morphology trait', 'enteric cholinergic nerve fiber', 'egg physiology trait', 'retina cell count', 'drumstick bone weight', 'meat heneicosanoic acid', 'iridocorneal angle morphology trait', 'chronic induced arthritis incidence', 'response to methamphetamine trait', 'retinal layer organization trait', 'skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain type iib amount', 'harderian gland pigmentation trait', 'urine protein level to body weight ratio', 'chronic induced arthritis prevalence', 'mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus size trait', 'shoulder muscle weight', 'meat eicosapentaenoic acid', 'iris', 'vagina development trait', 'lorr duration', 'colorectal tumor surface area measurement', 'cerebrovascular lesion incidence/prevalence', 'circulating ru-49637 level', 'acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis incidence/prevalence', 'malignant colorectal cancer incidence', 'retinal rod bipolar cell morphology', 'splenocyte proliferation', 'calculated urine norepinephrine', 'blood development trait', 'single ear average of middle ear epithelium thickness', 'milk total calcium', 'b cell apoptosis', 'vibrissae length', 'plasma dopamine', 'malt', 'vestibular membrane morphology trait', 'adipose saturated fatty acid amount', 'splenic fibrosis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'lung ace activity level', 'splenocyte apoptosis', 'spleen ribonucleic acid composition', 'tear production', 'onset of muscle development trait', 'inflammatory exudate mononuclear cell count', 'total milk casein', 'polynuclear neutrophilic leukocyte physiology', 'amount of time spent frozen', 'blood steroid level', 'tcrgd cell morphology trait', 'palatine gland morphology', 'blood shear', 'natural killer cell development', 'uterine tube morphology', 'absolute change in urine norepinephrine level', 'osteophage cell number', 'inferior olive', 'ear development', 'renal medulla', 'thymus total cell count', 'skin dry weight', 'circulating il-1b level', 'plasma globulin level', 'igd concentration', 'serum immunoglobulin d level', 'kidney rna composition', 'heart morphological measurement', 'base 2 logarithm of pituitary gland wet weight', 'urine albumin level to urine creatinine level ratio', 'blood pyruvate', 'both kidneys dry', 'kidney, pelvic, and heart fat', 'methacholine median effective dose (ed50)', 'muscle glycogen amount', 'bleeding time (bt)', 'milk trans fatty acid percentage', 'nk cell differentiation', 'motor nerve fiber organization', 'helper t cell type 2 morphology trait', 'polymorphonuclear leukocyte differentiation', 'hematolymphoid system', 'circulating t-cell replacing factor', 'splenic marginal zone macrophage', 'milk fatty acid trans-10,cis-12-c18:2', 'proximal rib', 'adrenergic nerve fiber quantity', 'milk protein amount', 'partial pressure of blood oxygen (po2)', 'optic stalk morphology trait', 'urine production', 'calculated lymph node', 'ejaculate volume', 'pre-b cell quantity', 'cristae', 'ileum glandular crypt width', 'cerebral blood flow', 'calculated body region fat morphological measurement', 'hemopoietic system physiology', 'egg number, fowl', 'base 2 logarithm of pituitary gland wet', 'duration of loss of labyrinthine righting reflex', 'percentage of study population displaying acute eae at a point in time', 'log antibody response', 'serum ethanol', 'calculated plasma epinephrine', 'plasma hemoglobin', 'middle-ear sound conduction', 'plasma apolipoprotein', 'both lungs wet weight', 'vocalisation measurement', 'circulating interleukin-23p19', 'spinal cord cd74 protein level', 'effector t cell morphology trait', 'femur energy', 'sex gland size trait', 'skull morphology trait', 'blood vldl phospholipid level', 'basophil count to total white blood cell count ratio', 'mononuclear cell measurement', 'hair guard neuron', 'percent of time spent frozen', 'central nervous system glia', 'feather morphology trait', 'tissue weight of the crop', 'milk omega-3 fatty acid concentration', 'calculated blood glycated albumin', 'blood type i collagen c-terminal telopeptide level', 'gamma-delta t-cell morphology trait', 'hind foot phalanges', 'hair-down neuron morphology trait', 'heart rv dna content to body weight ratio', 'anti-single-stranded dna antibody', 'brown adipocyte morphology trait', 'chest girth', 'rumen morphology', 'd-hair receptor cell innercation pattern', 'bone section mineralized tissue surface-area-to-volume', 'kidney corpuscle morphology trait', 'internal nares morphology trait', 'spiral ligament of cochlear duct morphology', 'percentage of study population displaying experimental allergic encephalomyelitis at a point in time', 'bone morphology trait', 'auditory vesicle morphology trait', 'suprarenal gland wet weight', 'first movement outside a discrete space in an experimental apparatus', 'midbrain/pons dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac)', 'circulating bsf-2', 'calculated hepatic copper', 'blood band neutrophil count to total leukocyte count ratio', 'heptadecanoic acid', 'corpus luysi', 'neuroendocrine gland physiology trait', 'pituitary tumor prevalence', 'milk monoacylglycerol concentration', 'cerebrospinal fluid mineral amount', 'calculated ventral prostate tumorous lesion area', 'cerebral cortex layer morphology', 'neostriatum morphology trait', 'behavioral response to alcohol trait', 'neutrocyte physiology', 'kidney non-tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence', 'extraembryonic endoderm', 'pituitary gland wet weight', 'lung blood vessel morphology trait', 'spleen cell proliferation', 'spinal cord dorsal horn morphology trait', 'cytotoxic t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'squamal-parietal suture', 'dermis stratum papillare morphology', 'convoluted tubule', 'lymphangiogenesis trait', 'calculated pancreatic islet insulin release measurement', 'endocardium morphology trait', 'basophil', 'heart free fatty acid', 'cerebrospinal fluid measurement', 'lumbar vertebra compact bone cross-sectional area', 'dc2 cell morphology', 'calculated ventral prostate tumorous lesion area measurement', 'milk fat globule-egf factor 8 protein', 'adrenal gland weight', 'post-tetanic potential', 'fructose absorption', 'circulating il1b level', 'milk fatty acid c5', 'femoral neck', 'heart anterior wall thickness', 'milk potassium concentration', 'vibrissa organization trait', 'urinary organ morphology', 'peak heart contraction', 'cd4+ t cell morphology trait', 'eosinophil number', 'anatomical relation', 'olfactory tract', 'withdrawal response', 'cd25(+) cell to cd4(+) cell ratio as percentage', 'geniculate ganglion', 'vagina epithelium morphology', 'c3 physiology trait', 'milk capric acid concentration', 'calculated blood albumin', 'cochlear inner hair cell', 'milk trans-vaccenic acid', 'meat fatty acid c17:0', 'vestibular ganglion morphology trait', 'calculated bone cross-sectional area measurement', 'erythrocyte size', 'muscle fatty acid c18', 'plasma progesterone level', 'urine albumin level', 'myeloid dendritic cell', 'adipocyte basal non-esterified fatty acid secretion', 'rib morphology trait', 'brain total type ii spike-wave activity duration', 'b lymphocyte', 'measurement of voluntary locomotion into, out of or within a discrete space in an experimental apparatus', 'amount', 'dn1 thymic progenitor t cell number', 'hydrocephaly severity score', 'serum glutathione peroxidase activity level', 'baer threshold', 'monocyte', 'sterol', 'aortic arch configuration', 'primitive streak development', 'glycated serum protein', 'urine catecholamine measurement', 'vitreous body clarity', 'secondary sex determination trait', 'airway reactivity', 'circulating lymphocyte mitogenic factor level', 'malignant liver tumor prevalence', 'stratum papillare morphology trait', 'kidney fibrotic lesion area measurement', 'orbitosphenoid', 'gluconeogenesis', 'rpp', 'neuronal lysosome area to neuronal cytoplasm area ratio', 'suppressor t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'third ventricle morphology', 'serum free hemoglobin level', 'respiratory mucosa goblet cell', 'zygomatic process of maxilla', 'external auditory canal morphology', 'milk alpha-s2-casein amount', 'age at onset/diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'brain total type i spike-wave discharge duration', 'cytotoxic t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'haemolymphoid system morphology trait', 'blood cd8 lymphocyte count as percentage of total lymphocytes', 'proventriculus mass', 'double-positive t cell morphology trait', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis progression measurement', 'calculated urine urotensin ii level', 'pituitary gland weight', 'plasma troponin t', 'positive t cell selection trait', 'parahippocampal gyrus morphology', 'heart isovolumetric relaxation time', 'arytenoid cartilage morphology', 'rib muscle', 'il5 secretion', 'milk protein concentration', 'blood anti-nuclear antigen antibody', 'serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol level', 'calculated ethanol drink intake rate', 'intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'total coat/hair', 'skin sodium level to skin water level ratio', 'pituitary gland mass', 'tunnel of corti', 'forepaw morphological measurement', 'cochlear ohc', 'heart effluent lactate dehydrogenase activity level normalized to heart', 'mononuclear leukocyte development trait', 'hematopoietin-2 secretion', "meissner's corpuscle", 'nasal mucosa goblet cell morphology trait', 'plasma e. coli specific antibody level change, post vaccination', 'th1 cell differentiation', 'psalterial cord morphology', 'blood bile acid', 'auditory physiology', 'eosinocyte physiology trait', 'bile amount', 'purkinje cell nerve fiber quantity', 'index of glomerular damage', "cowper's gland size trait", 'corpus callosum size trait', 'sertoli cell morphology', 'endocrine pancreas measurement', 'arthritis onset/diagnosis', 'lymphopoietic system morphology trait', 'isocortex', 'red blood cell distribution width', 'blood thyroid hormone', 'cerebral cortex', 'plasma type i collagen c-terminal telopeptide', 'left perirenal fat pad weight to body weight ratio', 'lifetime offspring quantity', 'adipocyte non-esterified fatty acid secretion', 'brain neurotensin receptor 1 level per unit mass of protein', 'extraembryonic tissue organization trait', 'catecholamine amount', 'iel', 'hirschsprung disease incidence/prevalence', "rathke's pocket morphology trait", 'milk fatty acid c20:5 n-3 concentration', 'blood segmented neutrophil count', 'lymphoma measurement', 'bmc', 'malpighian pyramid', 'blood ethanol level at regain of the body righting reflex', 'intermuscular adipose weight', 'aortic valve configuration', 'mature gamma-delta t cell morphology trait', 'tarsometatarsus length', 't-associated plasma cell', 'cd4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology', 'maximum change in heart rate', 'corti ganglion morphology trait', 'palatine palatal process morphology', 'serum igm-rheumatoid factor titer', 'total energy intake rate', 'femur cortex cross-sectional', 'cellular extravasation trait', 'experimental autoimmune neuritis onset/diagnosis measurement', 'alveolar macrophage', 'parahippocampal gyrus morphology trait', 'uterus weight as percentage of body', 'colorectal neoplasm incidence/prevalence measurement', 'absolute per volume change in adipocyte free fatty acid secretion', "hassall's corpuscle", 'bone mass', 'lens epithelium morphology trait', 'b cell negative selection trait', 'cardiac apex directionality', 'chief cell morphology trait', 'parathyroid gland pigmentation trait', 'segmented neutrophil percentage', 'female reproductive system', 'pituitary gland development', 'neural crest cell development trait', 'blood gssg', 'milk trans-9-hexadecenoic acid', 'brainstem', 'number of capillaries per skeletal muscle cell', 'neuronal mitochondrion area', 'head and neck integrity trait', 'blood paracetamol level area under curve (auc)', 'pork flavor intensity', 'plasma angiotensin i converting enzyme 2 activity level', 'white adipose morphology', 'femoral neck cross-sectional moment of inertia', 'milk conjugated linoleic acid amount', 'sclerotic glomeruli', 'embryonic growth', 'vascular layer of the eyeball morphology', 'lesioned artery residual lumen', 'blood cell physiology trait', 'eye posterior chamber morphology trait', 'duodenum mucosa', 'ham bone', 'spinal cord anterior horn cd3-positive cell count', 'milk fatty acid trans-11-c18', 'brainstem auditory evoked response threshold', 'serum phytosterol level', 'total fat pad mass', 'circulating fatty acid level', 'crista ampullaris morphology', 'cochlea', 'nail length', 'dorsal spinal root', 'trigeminal nerve neurilemmoma incidence', 'scapula bone cell number', 'milk beta carotene concentration', 'fibula curvature', 'natural killer cell', 'sclerotome morphology', 'cornea thickness trait', 'tooth primordium development trait', 'blood inorganic phosphorus level', 'calculated hepatic tumorous lesion volume measurement', 'intermuscular fat weight', 'immature b lymphocyte morphology', 'dressed carcass fat-free weight', 'hippocampus neuron quantity', 'ventral prostate tumorous lesion frequency', 'serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone', 'serum anti-porcine type ii collagen antibody titer', 'femoral work', 'macrophage phagocytosis trait', 'cd25 cell to cd8 cell ratio as percentage', 'white adipocyte morphology trait', 'zone of proliferating cartilage', 'oligodendrocyte morphology', 'calculated trichinellosis severity', 'hematocrit', 'plasma glucose', 'skin na+ level', 'lung wet weight as percentage of body weight', 'effective renal plasma flow rate', 'kidney glomerular diameter', 'onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'b cell domain of the spleen morphology', 'ang2 half maximal effective', 'eicosenoic acid', 'heart left ventricle end-diastolic anterior wall', 'saccule size trait', 'organ of hearing morphology', 'hirschsprung disease incidence', 'mean corpuscular hemoglobin', 'uterus rna composition', 'b-1 b cell morphology trait', 'ear unfolding initiation', 'meat physiochemical trait', 'placenta development', 'milk fatty acid c22:5 n-3 content', 'marginal metallophilic macrophage', 'heart atrium symmetry', 'whisker', 'lung morphological measurement', 'circulating il-23 alpha level', 'circulating b-cell differentiation factor', 'paired-pulse facilitation trait', 'interleukin-1 beta secretion trait', 'heart electrical impulse conduction trait', 'meat lipid', 'creatine kinase concentration', 'lymphatic vessel cell quantity', 'mesangial cell', 'serum ggtp activity', 'epidermis cell', 'back fat thickness, midpoint', 'milk fatty acid trans-7,trans-9-c18:2 concentration', 'blood cd8 lymphocyte count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'milk beta-casein percentage', 'spiral ligament of cochlea', 'serum aspartate aminotransferase activity level to alanine aminotransferase activity level ratio', 'thalamus cell', 'hepatic tumorous lesion size measurement', 'calculated apoptotic cell', 'gizzard muscle', 'calculated plasma ldl-c', 'kidney crescentic glomeruli count to kidney normal glomeruli count ratio', 'upright sagittal abdominal diameter', 'parasite quantity', 'eye posterior chamber morphology', 'average daily food intake', 'bundle of his', 'neuron mitochondrion measurement', 'longissimus dorsi muscle', 'serum immunoglobulin m-type rheumatoid factor', 'response to heat', 'cardiac index', 'c9 physiology trait', 'percent change in tidal volume', 'cardiac atrial morphology', 'milk palmitelaidic acid', 'liver regeneration trait', 'mature gamma-delta t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'pelvic arch morphology', 'milk wap content', 'blood calcium amount', 'purge', 'calculated kidney protein composition', 'm line morphology', 'heart weight to tibia length ratio', 'experimental arthritis onset/diagnosis', 'plasma rat anti-self type 2 collagen antibody titer', 'serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol level', 'gallbladder function', 'superior colliculus size', 'adrenal gland rna composition measurement', 'cochlear inner hair cell efferent nerve fiber', 'number of eggs produced', 'olfactory receptor neuron morphology', 'percentage of study population displaying relapsing/remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis at a point in time', 'corneal light scattering trait', 'blood estrogen', 'follicle-stimulating hormone secretion trait', 't-cell morphology', 'muscle fatty acid c17', 'circulating il-23p40 level', 'vibrissae retention', 'bulbourethral gland morphology trait', 'tissue protein/peptide composition', 'weight of the pancreas', 'labia majora size trait', 'tissue dopamine', 'infectious disease incidence/prevalence', 'blood low density lipoprotein specific apolipoprotein b level', 'hind leg set', 'urine potassium level', 'single ear average of tympanic cavity epithelium thickness', 'non-tongue squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck tumor', 'brain infarction volume', 'milk leptin content', 'circulating ml-1', 'body size trait', 'calculated liver fat volume', 'haematin pigmentation', 'dermis stratum papillare morphology trait', 'mesenteric artery phosphylated enos level', 'b-1b b lymphocyte', 'prostate physiology trait', 'hindbrain morphology', 'circulating tumor necrosis factor level', 'osteoblast cell quantity', 'bronchiole branching', 'circulating interleukin-12p40', 'calculated blood alcohol level', 'duodenum glandular crypt width', 'prepulse inhibition trait', 'bone formation', 'circulating il1 alpha', 'circulating ru 49637', 'herpes simplex encephalitis onset/diagnosis', 'subcutaneous adipose', 'urine myoglobin level', 'atrioventricular cushion orientation', 'the area occupied by islets of langerhans', "schlemm's canal morphology", 'calculated spinal cord anterior column area', 'serum immunoglobulin g subtype level', "hensen's node", 'absolute change in urine noradrenalin level', 'midbrain/pons serotonin', 'gaba neuron morphology', 'open eyelids', 'circulating aldosterone level', 'intermuscular adipose amount', 'snout morphology', 'pituitary tumor weight', 'skin (k+ + na+) level to skin h2o level ratio', 'male reproductive system', 'metopic suture', 'blood haptoglobin level', 'time to locate a hidden target platform in an experimental apparatus', 'circulating bcgf-ii level', 'one seminal vesicle wet', 'pharyngotympanic tube', 'unilateral renal agenesis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'blood thyroid-stimulating hormone amount', 'blood intermediate density lipoprotein cholesterol', 'midbrain-hindbrain boundary development trait', 'calculated artery inner diameter measurement', 'cd25+ cell to cd4+ cell ratio as percentage', 'hippocampus fornix', 'hematopoietic cell number', 'humerus', 'colony-stimulating factor 2 alpha secretion', 'meat pentadecanoic acid', 'liver glutathione amount', 'head width', 'coagulating gland', 'uterus morphological', 'thymocyte', 'change in systolic blood pressure', 'labyrinthus cochlearis', 'voluntary locomotion', 'blood-air barrier', 'blood tumor necrosis factor', 'preputial gland size', 'placenta dry', 'nk cell cytolysis trait', 'blood gbp--28 amount', 'embryo', 'cholinergic neuron', 'ion homeostasis trait', 'induced arthritis post-insult time to onset', 'ratio of glomerular area occupied by activated mesangial cells to total glomerular area', 'retinal bipolar cell morphology', 'thymus stromal cell', 'ovary morphology', 'orm amount', 'blood estradiol', 'testis tumorous lesion', 'single testis wet weight to body weight ratio', 'percentage of study population developing pituitary tumors during a period of time', 'horny layer thickness', 'kcl-induced blood vessel constriction expressed as percent of force at baseline', 'calculated blood hemoglobin a1c', 'adenophysis morphology trait', 'average daily body weight gain', 'blood th1-like cell count', 'vascular smooth muscle cell count', 'cerebral cortex projection neuron morphology trait', 'hepatocyte cell number', 'post insult time to regain baseline tilted plane angle at loss of balance/traction', 'blood cd45rchigh cd4 t lymphocyte count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'bitter taste sensitivity', 'amygdala morphology trait', 'glomerular filtration rate to body weight ratio', 'neural crest cell migration trait', 'pectoralis major', 'b-cell development', 'blood insulin-like growth factor amount', 'blood vessel smooth muscle cell quantity', 'forelimb zeugopod morphology trait', 'depth of the glandular crypts of the jejunum', 'chest morphology trait', 'plasma osteocalcin', 'notochord morphology trait', 'heart intraventricular end-systolic wall', 'adipocyte morphological', 'auditory tube morphology trait', 'circulating alanine transaminase', 'posterior cerebral artery lumen diameter', 'uterine wet weight as percentage of body weight', 'spleen secondary b follicle morphology', 'rib attachment', 'thyroid gland morphology trait', 'calculated retroperitoneal fat pad', 'cochlear inner hair cell efferent innervation pattern trait', 'auditory outer hair cell number', 'bone marrow measurement', 'eae incidence/prevalence', 'both lungs wet', 'neuron  rough endoplasmic reticulum measurement', 'response to bacterial infection', 'medullary canal development trait', 'soft palate', 'type iib muscle fiber quantity', 'uterus integrity', 'liver gssg', 'gustatory system morphology', 'mean corpuscular haemoglobin level', 'epidermal cell derived thymocyte-activating factor secretion', 'skin water content', 'calculated islet beta cell mass of total pancreas', 'uvea', 'internal nares morphology', 'pituitary gland weight to body weight ratio', 'lymphoid dendritic cell number', 'auc glucose', 'enteroendocrine cell', 'visceral arch development', 'cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated antigen 8 secretion', 'peripheral nervous system glial cell morphology', 'natural killer cell physiology', 'muscle fatigability', 'atrioventricular cushion thickness', 'pancreatic tissue protein/peptide composition', 'white myofiber abundance', 'ventral body wall morphology', 'tongue scc tumor', 'locomotor coordination trait', 'absolute change in arterial blood flow rate', 'individual left kidney wet weight to body weight ratio', 'kidney glutathione reductase activity', 'mammary ductal tree branching trait', 'double negative t cell morphology', 'pdc', 'plasma autoantibody level', 'anti-single-stranded dna antibody level', 'qrs duration', 'round window', 'plasma immunoglobulin d level', 'serum ace2 activity', 'intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology', 'involuntary body movement measurement', 'ventriculus quartus', 'pituitary gland morphological measurement', 'milk color reflectivity', 'circulating alpha-ifn', 'egg albumen morphology trait', 'colliculus morphology trait', 'ossification initiation trait', 'serum type i collagen c-terminal telopeptide', 'cn-viii morphology', 'equilibrioception system physiology', 'benign hepatic tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 'length of intestine affected by hirschsprung disease', 'intestine morphological measurement', 'hair-tylotrich neuron morphology trait', 'plasma tsh level', 'milk lignoceric acid', 't cell domain of the splenic white pulp morphology trait', 'number of squamous cell tumors of the tongue with diameter greater than 3 mm', 'inguinal lymph node size trait', 'circulating b-cell differentiation factor level', 'eosinophilic leukocyte physiology', 'type ii cell morphology', 'splenic development trait', 'encephalitis onset/diagnosis measurement', 'pancreatic islet non-tumorous lesion count', 'spongy substance morphology', 'adrenal epinephrine secretion', 'pigmented dorsal coat/hair area', 'gamma-ifn secretion', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis prevalence', 'grooming behavior', 'skin appendage morphology', 'blood differential leukocyte count to total leukocyte count ratio', 'cochlear duct morphology trait', 't cell dependent paracortex morphology trait', 'plasma antibody titer', 'fdc network morphology trait', 'intraepithelial lymphocyte morphology trait', 'whisker pattern', 't3 stage b cell', 'skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain type i amount', 'tracheal-bronchial branching morphogenesis', 'urinary bladder size trait', 'ratio of duodenal ipca', 'mammary tumor', 'immature b-cell morphology', 'somite formation initation trait', 'clitoris morphology trait', 'scala tympani size trait', 'inguinal canal', 'stomach tumor diameter', 'oviduct', 'tail morphological measurement', 'hdl cholesterol level', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t cell morphology trait', 'heart ventricle morphological', 'serum immunoglobulin g-type rheumatoid factor level relative', 'mesencephalic duct', 'brain spike-wave activity rate', 'osteocyte', 'vertebra ultimate force', 'ethmoid bone morphology', 'velum palatinum', 'brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid amount', 'basal layer morphology trait', 'milk beta-carotene concentration', 'total heart ventricle mass', 'igg2a concentration', 'taste bud morphology trait', 'epididymal fat pad weight as percentage of body weight', 'interleukin-13 secretion', 'palate length', 'eyelash', 'kidney glomerulus morphology', 'calculated urine potassium level', 'splenic b cell corona morphology trait', 'hepatic enzyme measurement', 'arterial stenosis', 'serum sterol', 'ventriculus quartus size trait', 'schwann cell precursor quantity', 'perigonadal fat pad morphology', 'mammary tumor prevalence', 'prickle cell size trait', 'vascular endothelial cell count', 'blood high density lipoprotein cholesterol level', 'estrous cycle trait', 'circulating erythrocyte burst-promoting factor level', 'mineral', 'germinal streak morphology', 'blood carbon dioxide', 'enterocyte quantity', 'plasma sterol level', 'longissimus thoracis morphology', 'plasma fructosamine level', 'gustatory papillae taste bud morphology trait', 'tibial area measurement', 'calculated islet beta cell mass of splenic region of pancreas', 'hair texture trait', 'blood hdl phospholipid', 'muscle eicosadienoic acid', 'sensory neuron innervation pattern trait', 'integumentary system', 'heart left ventricle igf1r mrna level', 'pyometritis prevalence', 'eye development', 'nasoanal', 't cell receptor v-j joining', 'count of white blood cells of unspecified type', 'hematosis', 'calculated suppressor t cell', 'blood adiponectin amount', 'blood t4 level', 'kidney lipid peroxide level', 'excretory system morphology trait', 'sperm capacitation', 'cervix epithelium morphology', 'sclerotica morphology trait', 'female reproductive organ morphological measurement', 'dendritic cell physiology', 'colostrum growth factor amount', 'spleen central arteriole morphology', 'fructose drink energy intake rate', 'midbrain development trait', 'milk fatty acid c22:5 n-3 concentration', 'aortic wall molecular composition measurement', 'kidney corpuscle', 'heart right ventricle weight as a percentage of body weight', 'b-cell domain morphology', 'gastric surface mucous cell morphology trait', 'placenta color', 'serum phospholipid', 'cochlear window morphology trait', 'kidney tissue protein/peptide composition', 'neural tube closure trait', 'total heart left ventricle size', 'parotid gland morphology trait', 'innate immune response', 'serum igg-rf level', 'total milk mineral amount', 'enteric cholinergic nerve fiber organization', 'hypodermis', 'penile erection function', 'thoracolumbar system', 'blood vessel elastic tissue', 'chorion morphology', 'pancreas dry', 'transitional stage t3 b cell', 'milk pentadecanoic acid', 'milk total protein', 'blood vessel distensibility', 'femur midshaft', 'cataract onset/diagnosis measurement', 'pancreatic insulitis', 'serum levels of pituitary growth hormone', 'homotypic cortex morphology', 'muscle mineral amount', 'minor salivary gland', 'longissimus muscle morphology', 'sympathetic nervous system measurement', 'liver dry weight', 'cardiovascular disease severity', 'serum angiotensin i', 'calculated blood glucose level', 'blood sod activity', 'chorionic gonadotropin secretion', 'eye electrophysiology trait', 'thoracic vertebrae number', 'hemodynamics trait', 'heart orientation trait', 'adipose fatty acid cis-9-c16:1', 'skeletal muscle fiber morphology trait', 'splenic primary b cell morphology', 'circulating mgi-2', 'adenoid morphology trait', 'retinal cone cell morphology trait', 'duddell membrane morphology', 'change in developed blood pressure', 'tactile corpuscle morphology trait', 'pyometritis severity score', 'white fat cell lipid droplet size', 'vertical eye alignment', 'calculated renal plasma flow', 'csif-10 secretion', 'arthritis severity measurement', 'male reproductive organ volume', 'meat color reflectivity', 'mammary gland cistern morphology', 'aortic wall collagen level', 'endocrine system physiology trait', 'supraoccipital bone', 'mesenteric fat pad weight', 'pillar cell quantity', 'body weight', 'colostrum growth factor', 'death incidence measurement as a ratio', 'p wave amplitude', 'dressed carcass fat-to-muscle ratio', 'tail body mass index', 'glossopharyngeal nerve morphology trait', 'milk beta-casein concentration', 'fertilization measurement', 'olfactory neuron morphology trait', 'entocornea morphology trait', 'megakaryocyte development', 'sex gland secretion', 'muscle stearic acid concentration', 'body width', 'muscle spindle morphology', 'posterior eye segment morphology', 'liver oxidized glutathione level to liver weight ratio', 'basophil number', 'bulbourethral gland wet weight', 'feather tract', 'band neutrophil granulocyte count', 'ean severity', 'liver lipid composition measurement', 'pcna index', 'lumbar vertebra cancellous bone cross-sectional area', 'organ of hearing', 'inflammatory exudate mononuclear cell', 'tooth eruption trait', 'bulbourethral gland mass', 'logarithm of the ratio of the lesioned side motor neuron count to contralateral side motor neuron', 'plasma dopamine level', 'midbrain/pons 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid', 'osteoclast development', 'gain in body weight', 'nasal cavity morphology trait', 'body movement/balance', 'intact tumor cells in remodelling liver tumorous lesions', 'prostate gland size', 'glandulae tarsales size trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-11,cis-13-c18:2', 'colostrum growth factor content', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c18:1 percentage', 'squamal-parietal suture morphology', 'labia minora morphology', 'plasma e. coli specific antibody titer', 'taste trait', 'milk whey acidic protein concentration', 'lymphatic system measurement', 'substantia trabecularis', 't1 b cell', 'cornea', 'urinary bladder morphology', 'trachea morphology trait', 'blood afp', 'behavioral response to xenobiotic stimulus trait', 'blood urotensin ii', 'blood cholesterol', 'ige', 't cell quantity', 'peptide metabolism trait', 'number of male offspring to litter size ratio', 'striate body morphology trait', 'blood cystatin c amount', 'cranial suture', 'clp morphology', 'meat fatty acid c18:0', 'milk fatty acid cis-8-c20', 'plasma low density lipoprotein phospholipid level', 'vitelline vascular remodeling', 'poorly differentiated malignant colorectal neoplasm number', 'number of offspring stillborn', 'thoracic aorta', 'pterygoid muscle', 'milk polyunsaturated fatty acid composition', 'kidney molecular composition trait', 'pineal gland', 'kidney superoxide dismutase', 'normoblast morphology', 'type i cell', 'spleen interferon gamma-secreting mononuclear cell count', "schwalbe's ring morphology trait", 'ear crystal', 'right rear ankle joint diameter', 'middle ear ossible morphology trait', 'circulating il-9 level', 'blood gas', 'troponin t protein', 'blood catecholamine hormone', 'bone section trabecular number', 'satellite cell quantity', 'hepatocyte morphology', 'seminal gland morphology trait', 'milk cla', 'ham meat', 'blood cortisol level', 'digestive mucosecretion', 'renal medulla protein measurement', 'latency period before voluntary movement in an experimental apparatus', 'mandibular nerve branching morphology trait', 'arytenoid cartilage morphology trait', 'abomasum morphology trait', 'l4 sympathetic ganglion morphology', 'anxiety-related behavior trait', 'pituitary diverticulum morphology', 'urinary bladder physiology', 'ratio of the area occupied by protein casts to the total area of the kidney outer medulla outer stripe and cortex', 'circulating interleukin-7', 'heart excitatory physiology', 'conditioning behavior', 'serum igg', 'macrophage recruitment', 'glomerular epithelial cell morphology trait', 'hair follicle organization trait', 'colostrum somatic cell number', 'liver tumorous lesion size', 'blood apm1 amount', 'percentage of study population displaying ventral prostate tumorous lesions at a point in time', 'blood interleukin-17 amount', 'retroperitoneal fat pad morphology', 'pressoreceptor morphology', 'alveolar bone morphology', 'granulocyte migration', 'vascular tunic of the eye morphology trait', 'heart integrity', 'heart right ventricle posterior wall', 'colorectal neoplasm surface area', 'calculated ts/c cell count', 'hemolymphatic system trait', 'antero-septal wall thickness', 'blood lactate level', 'concentration of phenylephrine at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (ec50)', 'medulla oblongata hva', 'l4 dorsal root ganglia morphology trait', 'dendritic cell function', 'nasopharynx morphology trait', 'blood carbon dioxide level', 'taste papillae morphology trait', 'bone calcium', 't helper 2 cell differentiation', 'germ cell migration trait', 'retinal inner plexiform layer', 'stria vascularis size trait', 'follicular b cell morphology trait', 'heart size trait', 'heart septum', 'concentration of vasoconstrictor at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (ec50)', 'dn2 alpha-beta immature t lymphocyte', 'cardiovascular disease severity measurement', 'trigeminal nerve malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor formation', 'blood creatinine amount', 'blood interleukin-2', 'phagocyte', 'type 1 helper t cell to type 2 helper t cell ratio', 'calculated blood glucagon', 'hard palate', 'memory t cell physiology', 'central nervous system physiological measurement', 'caul fat weight', 'mineral absorption trait', 'eae incidence/prevalence measurement', 'blood t helper 2-like cell', 'lamellar bone morphology', 'osteoclast development trait', 'strial basal cell tight junction', 'vascular endothelial cell morphology', 'serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity', 'cochlear ganglion morphology trait', 'nucleus accumbens morphology', 'plasmacytoid dendritic cell physiology', 'b cell development trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-11-c18:1 percentage', 'pancreas molecular composition measurement', 'plasma igf1 level', 'calculated blood vessel distensibility', 'hypothalamus cell quantity', 'comb shape', 'cranium size trait', 'infarction area', 'locomotion', 'glia morphology trait', 'response to parasitic infection', 'liver fibrosis area to total liver area ratio', 'thymus morphological measurement', 'back leg weight', 'red blood cell physiology', 'kidney glutathione peroxidase activity to total protein level ratio', 'mechanoreceptor morphology', 'break', 'alt level', 'inguinal lymph nodes wet weight', 'novel food trait', 'wolffian duct morphology', 'neutrophil cell number', 'skin moisture content', 'tibio-fibular complex cortical bone endosteal cross-sectional area', 'calculated bone biomechanical', 'igg2c', 'milk fatty acid trans-11,trans-13-c18', 'artery internal elastic lamina non-tumorous lesion', 'b-1a cell number', 'kidney normal glomeruli count', 'epsp', 'body fat percentage, lohman equation', 'brain ribonucleic acid amount', 'immune system cell physiology', 'mast cell', 'locate a target in an experimental apparatus', 'plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity', 'regulatory t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'crypt of lieberkuhn morphology trait', 'intramuscular adipose mass', 'bmi using nose', 'red blood cell distribution', 'ventriculus lateralis size', 'ratio of maximum body weight loss to basal body', 'left ventricle stroke work', 'skeletal morphological measurement', 'cerebellar granule cell morphology', 'nephron physiology', 'percentage of white blood cells of unspecified type', 'glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient', 'serum chylomicron cholesterol level', 'contextual fear conditioning behavior', 'yolk sac vascular plexus', 'area of liver occupied by fibrosis', 'urine sodium', 'pupil shape trait', 'plasma very low density lipoprotein cholesterol level', 'circulating il6 level', 'skin appendage', 'colon weight', 'z disk', 'intestinal fat weight', 'cochlear hair cell stereociliary bundle orientation', 'b-cell anergy', 'sublingual salivary gland cholinergic nerve fiber', 'spinal cord anterior column cd3-positive cell count', 'non-tongue scchn tumor', 'isotonic saline intake volume', 'alpha', 'onset of renal development', 'onset of experimental allergic neuritis', 'mlik tetracosanoic acid', 'cytokine', 'consumption behavior trait', 'extraembryonic tissue', 'psalterial cord morphology trait', 'urine phosphate amount', 'pulmonary elastic fiber morphology', 'kidney medullary adrenomedullin', 'milk dairy fat flavor intensity', 'white adipose mass', 'lge morphology', 'brain hva amount', 'serum alpha-fetoprotein level', 'milk colloidal calcium amount', 'nasal process', 'calculated blood glucose', 'stretched-attend posture measurement', 'liver glutathione disulfide level to liver weight ratio', 'percentage of study population displaying liver edema at a point in time', 'spongy spongiosa', 'in vitro vessel shear stress measurement', 'diencephalon cell', 'vestibular hair cell morphology', 'blood vitamin a amount', 'arterial trunk division extent', 'pericardium orientation trait', 'circulating il-1a', 'lamina basilaris cochleae morphology trait', 'number of pro-b cells', 'circulating b cell stimulatory factor-2', 'aorta configuration', 'strial melanocyte morphology trait', 'heart non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'mean arterial blood pressure variability', 'total heart ventricle', 'tumor necrosis factor level', 'somatic parasympathetic system morphology', 'aqueous drainage system morphology trait', 'basement membrane formation', 'vertebra cancellous bone cross-sectional', 'arterial riel score', 'aortic rupture severity measurement', 'uveal tract morphology trait', 'pinna morphology trait', 't cell selection trait', 'blood th1-like cell', 'hyaloid membrane morphology', 'blood thyroid stimulating hormone', 'logarithm of the intestinal adult trichinella spiralis count', 'both kidneys wet weight to tibia length ratio', 'gizzard volume', 'jugular ganglion morphology trait', 'both kidneys wet weight to body weight ratio', 'cochlear nerve fiber response trait', 'plasma immuglobulin a amount', 'energy intake', 'hepatocyte morphology trait', 'left ventricular end-systolic blood pressure', 'aortic blood flow velocity', 'calculated kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion measurement', 'aortic smooth muscle cell count', 'rear leg set', 'thermal preference', 'milk butyric acid concentration', 'blood igf1', 'outer ear size trait', 'blood comp', 'intestinal adipose mass', 'milk urea nitrogen', 'response to methylenedioxymethamphetamine trait', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'reproductive system development trait', 'blood albumin amount', 'moribundity', 'retina cell number', 'hippocampus morphology', 'drink calorie intake level to gain in body weight ratio', 'blood vessel morphological measurement', 'food calorie intake level', 'jaw morphology trait', 'hippocampus pyramidal neuron number', 'sagittal suture morphology', 'synaptic norepinephrine release', 'suprarenal gland physiology', 'pterygoid process morphology trait', 'pectoralis minor percentage', 'circulating estradiol', 'basal renal sympathetic nerve activity', 'erythrocyte morphology', 'meat fatty acid cis-10-c15', 'pituitary tumor latency measurement', 'saccule morphology trait', 'ean incidence/prevalence measurement', 'arterial blood pressure', 'isoproterenol-stimulated adipocyte free fatty acid secretion minus adipocyte basal free fatty acid secretion', 'mucous gland', 'bone energy absorption capacity', 'muscle fatty acid cis-9-c18:1 percentage', 'urine podocalyxin excretion rate', 'bone section mineralized tissue surface area to bone section total volume ratio', 'stapes size trait', 'anti-insulin autoantibody level', 'sclerotic coat morphology trait', 'clean fleece weight', 'liver malondialdehyde level', 'arterial elastance', 'amacrine cell morphology', 'white blood cell dna synthesis measurement', 'blood natural killer t cell', 'meat stearic acid', 'circulating il-23 p19 level', 'spinal cord anterior column area', 'capillary blood flow', 'saccular spot', 'mediofrontal suture', 'blood vldl cholesterol', 'osseous labyrinth morphology', 'serum t4 level', 'interferon level', 'herpes simplex encephalitis onset/diagnosis measurement', 'bone physiological', 'kidney protein/peptide composition', 'tibia/fibula cortical bone endosteal cross-sectional', 'tibialis anterior morphology trait', 'urinary bladder transitional epithelium', 'ureter morphology', 'milk fatty acid c6:0', 'egg yolk measurement, fowl', 'mid-humerus', 'corpus pineale morphology trait', 'blood homocysteine amount', 'uterine fat pad morphology trait', 'gastrointestinal system development trait', 'meat oleic acid', 'calorie intake measurement', 'meat iron', 'neuronal proliferation', 'blood nh2-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,trans-12-c18', 'plasma alpha-fetoprotein level', 'colostrum prolactin amount', 'vitreal fibrous tissue', 'milk cholesterol content', 'basisphenoid bone', 'milk coagulation time', 'acute eae incidence', 'tibia-fibula cortical bone endosteal cross-sectional area', 'hoof diagonal', 'average brain spike-and-wave discharge duration', 'cd45rclow cd4 t cell', 'calculated blood vessel diameter measurement', 'cerebrospinal fluid electrolyte', 'meat conjugated linoleic acid content', 'protein amount', 'ratio of apoptotic bodies to intact tumor cells in nonremodelling liver tumorous lesions', 'macrophage migration trait', 'epididymal plus perirenal white adipose tissue weight', 'circulating il-15 level', 'onset of cerebrovascular lesion', 'damaged glomeruli count', 'limb bud', 'agp', 'pharynx morphology trait', 'lung angiotensin i converting enzyme activity', 'memory t cell physiology trait', 'blood immunoglobulin d', 'motor coordination/balance', 'transitional stage t2 b cell', 'neurilemmoma', 'cristae morphology', 'loin trait', 'blood cd45rc+ cd4+ t cell', 'cerebellum morphology trait', 'milk ionic calcium', 'malphighian capsule morphology', 'circulating il12 level', 'right major bronchus morphology', 'rt6.2 t lymphocyte', 'immune cell morphology', 'capillary blood pressure trait', 'th1 cell function', 'primitive knot morphology trait', 'lymphoid stem cell', 'plasma adrenaline level', 'canalis spiralis cochleae', 'leukocyte infiltrate in mucosa (% total cellularity)', 'cytotoxic t-cell', 'spleen follicle center number', 'milk fatty acid trans-6-8-c18:1', 'floor plate size trait', 'dressed carcass subdivision size', "waldeyer's ring morphology trait", 'defecation behavior', 'acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis prevalence', 'liver integrity', 'blood vessel lesion', 'interlabial sulcus morphology trait', 'meat fatty acid c18:3 n-3 content', 'common lymphoid progenitor cell morphology', 'regulatory t cell quantity', 'cd4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t cell morphology', 'serum anti-porcine type 2 collagen antibody titer normalized for absorbance', 'calculated inflammatory exudate icosanoid', 'kidney malondialdehyde level', 'vascular smooth muscle morphology', 'heart electrical impulse generation', 'bone section volume fraction', 'milk fat globule diameter trait', 'ureter measurement', 'virchow-hassall body morphology', 'calculated cd8+ cell', 'kidney plasma flow', 'amnion morphology trait', 'papillary layer morphology trait', 'rump angle', 'milk sulfur amount', 'spinal cord ventral horn morphological', 'anterior semicircular canal morphology', 'shoulder muscle mass trait', 'fornix hippocampus morphology', 'prostate gland', 'macula utriculi morphology trait', 'perineum length', 'vulva morphology', 'plasma antibody level', 'fiber cell', 'volumetric bone mineral density of cortical bone', 'vo2', 'cerebellar posterior vermis morphology', 'total food energy intake', 'logarithm of the total number of bacterial colony forming units recovered', 'blood immunoglobulin e amount', 'uterine nk cell morphology', 'pallidum', 'eye anterior chamber', 'alimentary/gastrointestinal', 'chief cell morphology', 'premaxillary bone morphology trait', 'milk myristic acid percentage', 'blood angiotensin ii level', 'macrophage', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t-cell morphology', 'chest development', 'neuronal vacuole area', 'central nervous system physiology measurement', 'granulocyte count to total white blood cell count ratio', 'duration of grooming in a discrete space in an experimental apparatus', 'spleen follicle center size trait', 'multipotent stem cell', 'lvedp/lvdd', 'testis tumor incidence', 'type 1 helper t cell', 'urine noradrenaline excretion rate', 'areola or nipple count', 'urine electrolyte measurement', 'milk epithelial cell', 'drink calorie intake level to change in body weight ratio', 'cerebellum vermis lobule viii', 'pancreatic islet measurement', 'induced interleukin-2 activity', 'vein morphology', 'onset of renal development trait', 'egg cylinder morphology trait', 'periotic capsule morphology', 'serum anti-toxoplasma antibody titer', 'single birth offspring', 'secretion by ovary', 'tissue homovanillic acid', 'meat dodecanoic acid', 'sclerotic glomeruli to total glomeruli ratio', 'respiratory passage', 'heart ventricle morphological measurement', 'thymus corticomedullary boundary morphology trait', 'ham composition', 'calculated liver malondialdehyde level', 'choanae morphology trait', 'incidence of pituitary tumors that replace the entire gland', 'total cell number', 'muscle fiber measurement', 'olfactory lobe morphology', 'mean pulmonary arterial blood pressure', 'hepatic molecular composition', 'right testis wet weight', 'post-insult time to onset of hse', 'transitional three stage b lymphocyte', 'total kidney', 'voluntary body movement measurement', 'milk cis fatty acid', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'forelimb stylopod morphology', 'circulating hdl cholesterol level', 'endometrioid carcinoma prevalence', 'absolute change in heart rate', 'hippocampus fimbra mrophology', 'spleen', 'cerebellum vermis lobule morphology trait', 'clean wool yield', 'somatosensory cortex morphology', 'granulocyte development', 'cerebrovascular lesion', 'milk fatty acid cis-13-c18', 'skeletal muscle size', 'induced arthritis prevalence', 'urine glucose level', 'hepatic copper', 'otolithic membrane morphology trait', 'masseter muscle size', 'mesenteric lymph node morphology', 'kidney medulla measurement', 'shoulder bone weight', 'vaginal opening morphology trait', 'medullary pyramid', 'tenderloin weight', 'meat eicosenoic acid content', 'total length of colon', 't-cell anergy', 't cell receptor v-j recombination', 'urine albumin to low molecular weight protein ratio', 'retinal ganglion cell morphology', 'single ovary', 'axonal morphology', 'glutaminergic neuron number', 'outer ear cartilage morphology', 'ear size', 'viral disease incidence/prevalence', 'shank morphology trait', 'plasma alkaline phosphatase activity', 'testis mass', 'cd45r+ thymic lymphocyte', 'nervous system disease onset/diagnosis measurement', 'back conformation', 'sebaceous lipid secretion', 'heart left ventricle dna amount', 'atrial septum', 'plasma fructosamine', 'circulating t-cell growth factor p40', 'il4 secretion', 'b-2 b cell morphology trait', 'surface structure physiology trait', 'kidney dry weight', 'posterior semicircular canal size trait', 'fibula morphology trait', 'serum anti-single-stranded dna antibody level', 'well differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma surface area measurement', 'talus size', 'golgi tendon organ morphology', 'achieve baseline angle of tilted plane at time of balance/traction loss', 'action potential', 'immunoglobulin light chain v-j recombination trait', 'mammary tumor diameter', 'plasma escherichia coli specific antibody level, post challenge', 'calculated bone mineral content measurement', 'peripheral t-cell anergy', 'sensory neuron morphology', 'circulating csif-10', 'palpebral glands size trait', 'blood thyroid stimulating hormone level', 'tibia midshaft cross-sectional', 'liver tumorous lesion', 'milk eicosapentaenoic acid', 'transitional two stage b-lymphocyte', 'hepatocyte proliferation trait', 'well differentiated malignant colorectal tumor count', 'circulating parathyroid hormone', 'the weight of both adrenal glands', 'calculated coat/hair color measurement', 'belly trait', 'incisor morphology', 'milk lactadherin', 'serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity level', 'blood cd25(+) lymphocyte count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'morphology trait of the vestibular wall of cochlear duct', 'splenic follicular dendritic cell network morphology trait', 'plasma anti-type 2 collagen antibody titer', 'milk monounsaturated fatty acid content', 't1d incidence', 'neurotransmitter uptake trait', 'hematolymphoid system morphology', 'sperm head size', 'skin measurement', 'renal cortex measurement', 'vibrissa morphology trait', 'skin', 'central abdominal fat weight', 'total milk fat amount', 'cortical bone', 'circulating il-5 level', 'white fat morphology', 'spermiogenesis', 'dressed carcass mineral', 'circulating ru 49637 level', 'beak morphology trait', 'vibrissa shape trait', 'plasma cell morphology', 'cochlear melanocyte morphology trait', 'hematuria prevalence', 'toenail', 'forelimb muscle mass', 'urine output', 'axial skeleton cell quantity', 'enamel delamination trait', 'weaned offspring', 'osteoblast cell', 'mature gamma-delta t-cell', 'meat pentadecylic acid content', 'calculated vocalization', 'blood glucagon', 'organism', 'subcutaneous tissue morphology trait', 'stomach mucosa thickness', 'tibia biomechanical measurement', 'vitelline vascular morphology trait', 'csf homeostasis trait', 'calculated cd8(+) cell count', 'cerebral cortex neuron quantity', 'calculated liver copper weight', 'terminal bronchiole morphology trait', 'arterial trunk division completeness', 'lymphopoiesis', 'circulating lymphopoietin-1 level', 'peripheral nervous system morphology trait', 'colon mass', 'alt', 'circulating b-cell growth factor-1 level', 'social tendency', 'omega-3 fatty acid', 'blood suppressor/cytotoxic t cell', 'keratinocyte development trait', 'fleece weight', 'lung interstitium morphology trait', 'total pituicyte count', 'cd25(+) cell count', 'cartilage cell number', 'muller cell morphology', 'secretion by pituitary trait', 'nephron loop morphology trait', 'plasma vasopressin level', 'serum cystatin 3 level', 'bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue', 'palisade layer morphology', 'crista spiralis', 'nose to rump body mass index', 'skin fold thickness, subscapular', 'fat cell morphology', 'urethra morphological', 'renal medulla trpv4 protein', 'suprarenal gland weight', 'colostrum', 'cubic root of body weight', 'endolymphatic duct', 'liver tumor', 'urinary fractional excretion of sodium', 'internal fat weight', 'bone marrow cell development', 'single ovary dry', 'optic nerve innervation pattern trait', 'calculated renal glomerulosclerosis measurement', 'calculated body fat morphological', 'brain cholesterol amount', 'blood glucagon level', 'vagina epithelium morphology trait', 'blood glutamate dehydrogenase activity level', 'plasmacytoid dendritic cell morphology', 'venous blood pressure trait', 'av bundle', 'pre-b cell number', 'self harm severity score', 'blood angiotensin i', 'prevertebral ganglion morphology', 'corpus pineale morphology', 'kidney tubule apoptosis trait', 'muscle fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18:2 concentration', 'adipose palmitic acid', 'interleukin-7 secretion trait', 'cementum morphology', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t lymphocyte', 'elaidic acid', 'body fat amount', 'lymph organ morphology', 'nervous/sensory system trait', 'blood apolipoprotein aii', 'vertebrae', 'growth', 'calculated food intake', 'white adipose tissue', 'lumbar vertebra cancellous bone cross-sectional', 'blood apolipoprotein', 'endocardial cushion size', 'cn-vii morphology', 'latency period before first movement outside a discrete space in an experimental apparatus', 'milk nitrogen amount', 'unilateral renal agenesis prevalence', 'av bundle morphology', 'testicular cell number', 'tibia midshaft total cross-sectional area', 'absolute change in plasma renin activity level', 'appendage morphology trait', 'muscle fatty acid c20:2', 'abdominal fat weight', 'amino acid metabolism trait', 'blood vessel maximum contractility', 'pharyngeal arch development', 'exocrine gland fluid/secretion measurement', 'hoof angle', 'tactition', 'serum alt activity level', 'leukocyte common antigen (lca) positive thymocyte count', 'blood interleukin-23 amount', 'deltoid process morphology', 'total liver volume', 'hepatobiliary system physiology', 'dressed carcass fat-to-muscle', 'hemostasis', 'sternum morphology', 't helper 1', 'sternum size trait', 'oligoglia morphology', 'retinal outer plexiform layer morphology trait', 'skull size trait', 'hair follicle morphology trait', 'snout shape trait', 'phalanx length', 'igg2c level', 'b cell anergy trait', 'faecal parasite oocyst', 'heart right ventricle dry', 'beta-ifn secretion', 'kidney vasculature', 'tibia toughness measurement', 'blood inorganic phosphate level', 'limb/digit morphology trait', 'pancreas wet', 'respiratory alveolus morphology trait', 'anti-single stranded dna antibody', 'hematopoiesis location', 'tarsals morphology', 'blood gsh-px activity level', 'blood vasopressin level', 'phalanx morphology', 'rostral-caudal body axis extension trait', 'spleen germinal center morphology', 'blood fibronectin', 'circulating interleukin-17 level', 'photoreceptor inner segment', 'cholinergic nerve fiber quantity', 'circulating luteinizing hormone', 'metacarpal bone morphology', 'femoral metaphysis morphological', 'calculated renal sympathetic nerve activity', 'mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening', 'milk fatty acid cis-8,11,14-c20', 'milk somatic cell quantity', 'femur curvature trait', 'hair follicle orientation', 'cervical spinal cord hva amount', 'adipocyte maximal free fatty acid secretion to basal free fatty acid secretion ratio', 'stroke incidence/prevalence measurement', 'percentage of study population displaying experimental allergic neuritis at a point in time', 'immune system physiology', 'diencephalon morphology trait', 'pituitary gland measurement', 'canalis spiralis cochleae morphology', 'heart rate', 'haller tunica vascula', 'sucrose drink intake volume', 'blood calcidiol', 'left atrial volume', 'superior glossopharyngeal ganglion size trait', 'vitreous morphology', 'liver remodeling tumorous lesion volume fraction', 'dn1 thymocyte', 'calculated heart left ventricle morphological measurement', 'calculated urine sodium', 'milk fatty acid c5:0', 'embryo node', 'extensor digitorum longus', 'inguinal lymph node wet weight to body weight ratio', 'foregut', 'urine total protein level', 'embryonic-extraembryonic boundary morphology', 'plasma ace2 activity', 'hepatic tumor prevalence', 'liver campesterol level', 'coronal suture morphology trait', 'astrocyte morphology trait', 'blood cd4th1 cell to cd4 th2 cell ratio', 'cd4-positive t cell', 'prostate mass', 'kidney lesion', 'cerebellum vermis lobule ix morphology trait', 'basophil development trait', 'immunoglobulin heavy chain v-d-j rearrangement', 'adrenergic nerve fiber organization', 'arthritis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'fallopian tube morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid c22:5 n-3 percentage', 'mid-tibia width', 'calculated acoustic startle reaction measurement', 'single lung dry weight', 'spleen fdc network morphology trait', 'olfactory system morphology', 'gland', 'white lipocyte', 'synaptic adrenaline release', 'blood cd8 cell count to r73 cell count ratio', 'heart contraction pressure', 'white meat weight', 'blood progesterone', 'muscle vaccenic acid', 'aortic blood flow measurement', 'serum glutathione peroxidase activity', 'feather development', 'interscapular fat depot', 'urine norepinephrine amount', 'cardiac ganglion', 'blood sex steroid', 'complete blood cell', 'heart muscle cell morphological measurement', 'il-23p19 secretion', 'bone section trabecular separation', 'heart non-tumorous lesion', 'calculated blood differential leukocyte', 'cranial/facial bone', 'humerus area', 'blood cd45rc(+) cd4(+) t cell count', 'liver tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 'prevertebral ganglion cell', 'adipose fatty acid cis-11-c20:1', 'proximal rib morphology', 'anti-double stranded dna antibody concentration', 'milk chloride concentration', 'blood granulocyte count to total leukocyte count ratio', 'cd8 cell count', 'longissimus thoracis size', 'aorta wall phosphylated enos protein level', 'milk myristoleic acid concentration', 'blood o2', 'motor neuron target finding trait', 'erpf', 'mammary gland integrity', 'temporalis muscle', 'kidney paraoxonase1 activity', 'longitudinal suture morphology', 'serum levels of somatotropic hormone', 'circulating homocysteine amount', 'endometrioid carcinoma', 't2 b cell morphology', 'serum dihydrotestosterone level', 'hepatic copper weight to body weight ratio', 'tubal tonsil morphology', 'circulating catabloin', 'liver sterol level', 'heart posterior wall thickness', 'circulating mineralcorticoid', 'kidney papilla morphology', 'machine milk', 'cochlear inner hair cell physiology', 'blood potassium amount', 'sweat gland morphology', 'chronic eae incidence/prevalence', 'chest', 'cerebral cortex pyramidal cell number', 'edt', 'muscle fatty acid cis-9-c18', 'thoracic aorta integrity trait', 'abomasum size trait', 'total breast muscle percentage', 'hypertrophic cell zone morphology trait', 'liver edema prevalence', 'meat arachidonic acid content', 'cd8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'alanine transaminase activity', 'hind limb weight', 'single ear average of tympanic cavity epithelium width', 'primary somatosensory cortex', 'number of apoptotic cells as percentage of total number of cells', 'glossopharyngeal ganglion morphology', 'vaginal opening size trait', 'rumen', 'serum immunoglobulin', 'relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'thyroid cartilage morphology', 'milk cis-vaccenic acid content', 'serum troponin t', 'l5 dorsal root ganglion morphology', 'interventricular septum membranous part morphology', 'blood vessel contractile force measurement', 'calculated single kidney', 'hard palate morphology trait', 'tibia morphological measurement', 'meat cis-10-heptadecenoic acid content', 'heart effluent lactate dehydrogenase activity level normalized', 'end-systolic heart left ventricle posterior wall thickness', 'stomach muscle', 'absolute change in packed red blood cell volume', 'paleostriatum morphology trait', 'serum calcium level', 'serum anti-rat type ii collagen antibody level', 'thyroid gland cell', 'oligoglia', 'eae prevalence', 'cranial suture closure initiation trait', 'placenta physiology trait', 'turbinated bone morphology', 'blood corticosterone', 'calculated heart blood flow', 'individual kidney dry weight', 'bone section mineralized tissue surface area', 'calculated heart right ventricle dna', 'granulocyte migration trait', 'basal ganglion neuron', 'aorta physiology', 'temporal lobe morphology', 'total body fat weight', 'tegmentum morphology trait', 'cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t-cell', 'saccharin intake volume', 'uterine tube length', 'blood vessel smooth muscle contractility trait', 'heterospecific interaction trait', 'midbrain/pons homovanillic acid amount', 'uterine horn morphology', 'corpus luteum quantity', 'corticospinal tract', 'neuroepithelial layer differentiation', 'utricle size', 'intramuscular fat weight', 'peak +lvdp/dt', 'urine albumin excretion rate', 'meat 7-octadecenoic acid content', 'peak expiratory flow', 'vestibular hair cell development', 'calculated vascular smooth muscle cell', 'myocardial', 'blood high-lca t4 t cell count', 'allantois morphology trait', 'inner hair cell synaptic ribbon', 'cerebral infarction measurement', 'enteric ganglia morphology trait', 'horizontal plate', 'cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t cell morphology trait', 'crop mass', 'telencephalon development trait', 'both kidney weight', 'blood vessel smooth muscle size', 'lung blood vessel', 'contextual fear conditioning behavior trait', 'circulating creatine kinase', 'blood glycated hemoglobin level', 'meat fatty acid c24', 'vestibular hair cell physiology', 'plasma globulin', 'milk fatty acid c18:3(n-3) concentration', 'average brain type ii spike-and-wave discharge duration', 'leukocyte morphology', 'statolith size', 'intact tumor cells in remodelling liver neoplastic nodules', 'skin na+ level to skin h2o level ratio', 'trigeminal nerve neurilemmoma onset', 'epidermis stratum lucidum morphology trait', 'hematuria incidence in hydronephrosis', 'milk casein', 'milk volume trait', 'hair physiology trait', 'islet of langerhans tumorous lesion', 'single lung wet weight', 'tcr alpha/beta positive cell count', 'impulse conducting system morphology trait', 'cochlear ganglion cell', 'neuron migration', 'stearic acid', 'spinal cord interneuron', 'mitral valve configuration', 'white fat cell size trait', 'lymph node trabecula', 'serum immunoglobulin g level', 'circulating interleukin-6 level', 'adipose fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18', 'ham fat weight', 'jugal bone', 'subventricular zone morphology trait', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue tumor diameter', 'hair cell morphology', 'fiber cell morphology', 'parasite egg/oocyst', 'fleece yield', 'heart intraventricular septum end-diastolic thickness', 'b-1 b-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'seminiferous tubule morphology trait', 't-helper 2 physiology trait', 'type ii spiral ligament fibrocyte morphology trait', 'liver wet weight', 'prechordal plate', 'muscle dry', 'head and neck tumor measurement', 'glottis morphology trait', 'spiral crest morphology', 'meat aldehyde', 'rostrum morphology', 'prefrontal gyrus morphology', 'kidney renin level', 'breast muscle weight', 'femur morphology', 'meat estrone', 'milk stomatin concentration', 'motor neuron axon outgrowth trait', 'circulating hybridoma growth factor', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,cis-11-c18:2', 'cardiac ventricle morphology trait', 'colostrum immunoglobulin m concentration', 'glomerular capsule morphology', 'auricle of atrium morphology trait', 'hindlimb', 'milk growth factor concentration', 'serum triiodothyronine level', 'forelimb weight', 'splenic marginal metallophilic macrophage', 'plasma e. coli specific antibody level, post vaccination', 'otolith size', 'bsf-1 secretion', 'gastrocnemius molecular composition', 'skeletal myogenesis initiation', 'blood carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks', 'calculated cd8+ cell count', 'left atrial morphology trait', 'muscle conductivity', 'organ tumorous lesion measurement', 'mesenteric artery morphological measurement', 'sensory dissociation area', 'kidney paraoxonase1 activity to total protein level ratio', 'shoulder composition', 'presacral vertebrae', 'prostate gland physiology', 'stillborn offspring quantity', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology', 'absolute change in urine epinephrine excretion rate', 'motor neuron number', 'calculated intramuscular fat morphological', 'blood ggtp activity level', 'arthritic paw count', 'organism trait', 'colorectal tumor number', 'plasma sitosterol', 'renal blood flow rate to kidney weight ratio', 'kidney morphological', 'sympathetic ganglion morphology', 'regulatory t cell', 'milk wap', 'total urine molecular amount', 'cartilage development', 'experimental autoimmune neuritis composite score', 'plasma creatinine level', 'percentage of study population developing chronic experimental arthritis during a period of time', 'area of liver occupied by fibrotic lesions as percentage of total liver', 'thymocyte development trait', 'spiral ganglion morphology', 'angiotensin ii response/sensitivity measurement', 'hindlimb long bone morphology', 'thermoreceptor', 'brain dopamine', 'caudate-putamen morphology trait', 'terminal bronchiole', 'cochlear outer hair cell afferent innervation morphology trait', 'amount of time spent in voluntary immobility', 'milk chloride', 'milk steroid concentration', 'r73 cell count', 'tibia weight', 'malignant hepatocellular carcinoma tumor', 'parietal lobe morphology trait', 'milk steroid amount', 'sinus venosus sclerae morphology', 'membranous labyrinth morphology', 'logarithm of the lesioned side motor neuron count', 'subependymal zone morphology trait', 'circulating alp levels', 'blood non-specified leukocyte count', 'sour taste sensitivity trait', 'circulating interleukin-10', 'stroke incidence', 'muscle oleic acid content', 'cortical bone morphology trait', 'polynuclear neutrophilic leucocyte morphology', 'circulating pth', 'tongue epithelium morphology', 'viability', 'leucocyte migration', 'scrotum morphology', 'aerobic fitness trait', 'splenic marginal metallophilic macrophage morphology', 'dermis stratum reticulare morphology trait', 'fecal parasite oocyst count', 'percentage of study population developing malignant liver tumors during a period of time', 'ventricular septal morphology trait', 'circulating level of t4', 'milk earthy flavor intensity', 'somite shape', 'blood anti-double stranded dna antibody amount', 'plasma e. coli specific antibody', 'circulating potassium level', 'retinal pigment epithelium morphology trait', 'paranasal sinus morphology trait', 'blood creatine kinase activity', 'skeletal muscle mechanoreceptor', 'maternal behavior', 'ventriculus quartus size', 'pituicyte', "merkel's receptor innervation pattern", 'skin water amount', 'survival measurement', 'retina morphology', 'blood cell physiology', 't1 b cell morphology trait', 'germinative layer morphology trait', 'skin adnexa morphology trait', 'circulating estradiol level', 'eae severity', 'combined water and saccharin-water intake to total water only intake ratio', 'cerebral cortex morphology trait', 'blood chylomicron cholesterol', 'forebrain dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac) amount', 'cone morphology', 'milk ionic calcium content', 'milk oily flavor intensity', 'change in log[vasoconstrictor]', 'milk fatty acid cis-11-c16:1 concentration', 'corpus papillary', 'hepatic tumorous lesion', 'blood ketone body level', 'touch corpuscle morphology', 'cortical vbmd', 'limb muscle', 'cervical epithelium morphology trait', 'liver cholesterol level', 'ischium morphology', 'number of rearing movements', 'salivary duct', 'suppressor t-cell', 'immune system organ', 'il-17 secretion', 'tn3 thymocyte number', 'molar crown morphology trait', 'ventricular trabeculae morphology', 'tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion', 'uterine horn morphology trait', 'percentage of study population developing benign liver tumors during a period of time', 'circulating mast-cell colony-stimulating factor', 'glucose-6-phosphatase activity', 'osteoblast physiology', 'tibia total bone volume', 'total sperm count', 'prolactin-positive cell count to total pituicyte count ratio', 'total water plus saccharin-water intake', 'cochlear hair cell stereociliary bundle orientation trait', 'brain total spike-wave activity duration', 'tibial toughness measurement', 'spinal cord complement component 1, q subcomponent, b chain mrna level', 'clavicle cell quantity', 'femur midshaft cortical cross-sectional area', 'frontal suture morphology trait', 'limbic lobe morphology trait', 'pterygoid process morphology', "cowper's gland wet weight", 'blood chylomicron level', 'cerebellar vermis morphology', 'double positive t cell number', 'hypothalamus homovanillic acid', 'plasma creatinine', 'skeletal muscle fiber count to muscle cross-sectional area ratio', 'tongue muscle', 'circulating mast cell growth factor-2 level', 'neuron apoptosis', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,trans-12-c18:2', 'change in heart rate to change in mean arterial blood pressure ratio', 'dermomyotome development', 'thymocyte number', 'meat flavor intensity', 'deltoid tuberosity morphology', 'aerobic running capacity (arc)', 'milk diacylglycerol amount', 'transitional one stage b-lymphocyte number', 'response to nicotine trait', 'lumbar vertebra strength trait', 'oligoglia morphology trait', 'thorax trait', 'spinal accessory nerve', 'hindlimb morphology', 'l5 sympathetic ganglia morphology trait', 'neuromere', 'spinal cord ventral horn cd3-positive cell count', 'prostate integrity', 'preovulatory follicle quantity', 'slope of contraction-induced kidney vascular resistance curve', 'adipose physiology', 'capsula glomeruli morphology trait', 'blood rt6.1 positive cell count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'blood vitamin a1 level', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c10', 'heart left ventricle ventral wall thickness', 'milk fatty acid c18:2(n-6)', 'rt6.2+ cell count', 'gametogenesis', 'cochlear ohc morphology', 'heart ribonucleic acid composition', 'aorta smooth muscle cell count', 'sensory ganglion', 'both testes wet weight to body weight ratio', 'dopaminergic neuron quantity', 'adipose molecular composition', 'arm incidence', 'cerebellum development trait', 'b-1a b-lymphocyte', 'fat body', 'blood hormone', 'chronic induced arthritis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'aortic wall elastin dry weight to total aortic wall dry weight ratio', 'milk butyric acid flavor intensity', 'medulla oblongata epinephrine amount', 'blood immunoglobulin g2c amount', 'c-reactive protein physiology trait', 'milk sodium', 'experimental arthritis severity measurement', 'choroid blood vessel', 'heart left atrium morphological measurement', 'thymus cortico-medullary zone morphology trait', 'blood albumin level to blood globulin level ratio', 'cerebellar function', 'carcass length, first cervical vertebra', 'liver gssg level to liver weight ratio', 'cd8(+) cell', 'milk trans-9-octadecenoic acid content', 'number of male offspring per litter', 'fapgg metabolism-surface area product', 'cervical spinal cord 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid', 'follicular dendritic cell morphology trait', 'bone section trabecular thickness', 'change in arterial blood flow rate', 'white blood cell level of radioactive nucleoside incorporation', 'type i cell morphology trait', 'amount of hair', 'granulocyte physiology', 'gmg cell', 'lung interstitium', 'keratinocyte', 'tissue weight of the intestine', 'plasma high density lipoprotein phospholipid', 'intracranial ganglion morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-13-14-c18:1 concentration', 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue morphology', 'radius morphology trait', 'milk cis-9-heptadecenoic acid', 'liver glutathione disulfide', 'spine development trait', 'choroid plexus cell quantity', 'hemopoietic system', 'serum lactate', 'medulla oblongata norepinephrine amount', 'schwann cell precursor', 'serum immunoglobulin m-type rheumatoid factor level', 'grade 1 insulitis', 'mean brain type i spike-and-wave discharge duration', 'post-insult time to onset of diabetes mellitus', 'vertebra total cross-sectional', 'brain cell morphology trait', 'body weight to tibia length ratio', 'plasma sitosterol level', 'sebaceous gland physiology', 'bone cross-sectional area measurement', 'cerebellar vermis lobule morphology', 'female reproductive organ measurement', 'orbitofrontal cortex', 'blood vessel proliferation', 'combined water and saccharin-water intake', 'middle ear measurement', 'response to prion infection', 'spleen marginal sinus', 'aortic wall collagen', 'esophageal peristalsis trait', 'stria vascularis', 'plasma potassium level', 'liver/biliary', 'onset of intramembranous osteogenesis', 'tibial midshaft cortical cross-sectional', 'adipose oleic acid concentration', 'conjunctival vascular', 'renal/urinary morphological', 'adipose fatty acid c18:3 n-3 content', 'meat linoleic acid content', 'hemolymphoid system morphology', 'shoulder bone', 'blood ggt activity level', 'maximum distance run on treadmill', 'onset of somite differentiation', 'skeleton extremities morphology trait', 'distance between the eyes', 'long bone morphology', 'mandibular nerve branching', 'plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol level', 'thymus capsule', 'neuron organelle measurement', 'aortic blood flow', 'poorly differentiated malignant colorectal tumor prevalence', 'spleen marginal sinus morphology', 'kidney ace activity level', 'endocrine/exocrine system measurement', 'hippocampal neuron number', 'gamma-delta t cell quantity', 'pituitary tumor formation', 'sap', 'urine component excretion rate measurement', 'b cell proliferation', 'esophageal smooth muscle morphology', 'plasma renin activity level', 'colliculi', 'posterior semicircular canal', 'tunica sclerotica', 'serum total cholesterol level', 'reticulo-rumen epithelium', 'z band morphology trait', 'trabeculae carneae morphology', 'b cell selection trait', 'serum anti-bovine type 2 collagen antibody titer', 'blood alanine transaminase activity level', 'type i muscle fiber number', 'artery wall thickness as percentage of artery inner diameter', 'deltoid tuberosity morphology trait', 'number of riel in renal arteries', 'total area of splenic region of pancreas', 'capillary morphology', 'semilunar ganglion', 'intraocular muscle morphology', 'inner hair cell stereocilia size trait', 'total skeletal weight', 'plasma corticosterone level', 'abdominal subcutaneous fat weight', 'calculated lung', 'pulmonary arterial blood pressure trait', 'olfactory bulb size trait', 'bile duct physiology trait', 'temperature regulation', 'urine microalbumin level', 'leukocyte homing', 'plasma immuglobulin a', 'toenail length', 'vitelline vascular', 'interventricular sulcus', 'intraocular muscle morphology trait', 'postcentral gyrus morphology trait', 'serum hemoglobin', 'schwann cell precursor morphology trait', 'alpha-beta intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology', 'juxtaglomerular complex', 'circulating interleukin-13 level', 'plasma iga level', 'conjunctival vasculature', 'serum igm', 'b-cell growth factor-ii secretion', 'milk lauric acid percentage', 'hepatic copper weight to liver weight ratio', 'kidney glutathione amount', 'cochlear frequency tuning trait', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,cis-11-c18', 'rectum morphology trait', 'hypothalamus 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid amount', 'serum igg2a level', 'erythrocyte physiology', 'logarithm of the lesioned side motor neuron', 'cardiac morphology', 'thoracolumbar system morphology', 'calculated drink intake weight', 'spinal column', 'spleen mononuclear cell count', 'circulating b-cell growth factor-i level', 'organ of corti supporting cell morphology', 'muscle electrophysiology trait', 'absolute change in hematocrit', 'lymph gland weight', 'hippocampus neuron number', 'motor neuron morphology', 'pulmonary venous morphology trait', 'brain neurotensin receptor 1 density', 'skin potassium level', 'fast-slope measurement of chemical-induced contraction', 'tcrgd cell morphology', 'platelet calcium amount', 'milk fatty acid c18:3(n-3) percentage', 'mammary gland weight', 'calculated urine potassium', 'muzzle', 'single testis dry weight', 'nutrient absorption', 'lowenberg scala morphology trait', 'meat eicosapentaenoic acid content', 'optic cup', 'brain spike-and-wave discharge frequency', 'distal hind leg circumference', 'spinal cord ventral horn', 'vermis morphology trait', 'skin weight', 'width of the glandular crypts of the duodenum', 'basisphenoid', 'central nervous system', 'circulating csif-10 level', 'tibia midshaft cortical cross-sectional', 'circulating interleukin-15 level', 'blood mug1 level', 'eosinophilic leucocyte differentiation', 'meat docosatetraenoic acid', 'heart atrium size trait', 'percentage of study population developing mammary tumors during a period of time', 'central nervous system physiology trait', 'tectorial membrane morphology', 'juxtaglomerular apparatus morphology trait', 'corpus luteum size trait', 'muscle innervation pattern', 'calculated pancreas', 'plasma anti-self antibody level', 'mammary gland circumference', 'gall bladder function', 'dendritic cell morphology', 'milk cholesterol ester concentration', 'meat color b', 'blood alpha-2-inhibitor 3 amount', 'skin cl- level to skin dry weight ratio', 'embryonic cilia', 'change in vasoactive chemical dose', 'alcohol trait', 'heart right ventricle weight', 'muscle mineral', 'scapula bone cell quantity', 'muscle cell glucose uptake', 'sinoatrial node morphology', 'relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis incidence/prevalence', 'renal trpv4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratio', 'chemical nociception', 'blood cystatin', 'uterine natural killer cell', 'otoacoustic response', 'percentage of deaths in a study population during a period of time', 'metatarsus morphology trait', 't1dm prevalence', 'milk sodium amount', 'abdominal fat depot morphology trait', 't lymphocyte', 't-helper 2 cell quantity', 'inguinal lymph node wet weight', 'joint diameter', 'respiratory alveologenesis trait', 'malleal processus brevis morphology trait', 'diaphysis', 'circulating albumin level', 'corpora quadrigemina organization', 'ventral thalamus morphology', 'brain development', 'ratio of ipca to total area of pancreas head region', 'prostate lesion measurement', 'ratio of change in body weight to total body weight', 'total horizontal distance covered resulting from voluntary locomotion in proximity', 'oval corpuscle', 'immunoglobulin heavy chain v(d)j recombination', 'caudatoputamen', 'osteoblast formation', 'heart ventricle morphology trait', 'carpal bone morphology trait', 'occipitomastoid suture morphology', 't2dm incidence', 'tumor necrosis factor alpha', 'calculated renal plasma flow rate', 'body movement measurement', '(total protein minus albumin)', 'vestibular labyrinth', 'hair tylotrich neuron morphology', 'macrophage morphology', 'ratio of the count of pancreatic islets with peripheral duct and vessel inflammatory infiltrate only to total pancreatic islet', 'synapse', 'total hepatic copper weight', 'uterine tube size trait', 'onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'heart left ventricle wet weight', 'brain swd frequency', 'primary motor area', 'inner hair cell synaptic ribbon morphology trait', 'utricular macula', 'mammary gland function', 'colon size', 'cranial suture closure initiation', 'egg measurement, fowl', 'adipocyte non-esterified fatty acid secretion measurement', 'serum superoxide dismutase activity', 'major salivary gland morphology', 'calculated neuronal vacuole area', 'sulcus ampullaris', 'liver remodeling tumorous lesion volume to total liver volume ratio', 'musculus temporalis morphology', 'single positive t cell number', 'milk fatty acid c17:0 concentration', 'squamo-parietal suture morphology trait', 'biceps brachii muscle weight', 'nerve cell', 'pupil placement', 'femoral fat depot', 'cn-xi morphology trait', 'plasmacyte morphology', 'dendrite morphology trait', 'transitional three stage b-lymphocyte morphology', 'milk plastic flavor intensity', 'age at onset/diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type ii', 'white adipocyte morphology', 'cd4-negative, cd8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial t lymphocyte', 'neuromuscular synapse', 'udder height', 'granule cell morphology', 'testes morphology', 'blood autoantibody titer', 'gastric parietal cell morphology trait', 'rt; total glomerular arteriolar resistance', 'mature gamma-delta t lymphocyte', 'direct plasma bilirubin level', 'milk lactoferrin amount', 'thoracic aorta integrity', 'vein morphology trait', 'calculated artery diameter measurement', 'cardiac looping direction', 'neutrophil morphology', 'bone section structure model index', 'medulla oblongata epinephrine', 'b-2 b-lymphocyte morphology', 'epidermis stratum granulosum morphology', 'glutamic-pyruvate transaminase activity level', 'serum levels of lactogenic hormone', 'basal white blood cell proliferation', 'acromion morphology', 'spiral ligament of cochlea morphology trait', 'percentage of study population developing kidney edema during a period of time', 'respiratory bronchiole morphology trait', 'glycated serum protein amount', 'neuronal lysosome area', 'tissue ribonucleic acid composition', 'inguinal fat morphological measurement', 'neutrocyte morphology trait', 'cranial ganglion viii', 'blood ggt', 'subscapular fat pad mass', 'meat protein', 'mesenteric lymph node size trait', 'phenylephrine response/sensitivity', 'circulatory system development', 'lumbar vertebra morphological', 'milk fatty acid c20:5(n-3) concentration', 'bone energy', 'blood foreign compound', 'presacral vertebra number', 'naive b lymphocyte morphology', 'otoconia size', 'muscle cell morphology trait', 'cerebellar granule layer', 'phagocytic cell morphology trait', 'submandibular gland', 'uterus morphological measurement', 'respiratory alveolar duct morphology', 'artery lesion', 'aortic arch', 'plasma alt activity level', 'wool', 'erythrocyte precursor morphology', 'olfactory system', 'nervous system development trait', 'alcohol intake weight', 'blood hdl', 'whisker morphology', 'conformation of the forelimbs', 'intermaxillary bone morphology trait', 'circulating interleukin-1 beta', 'feather tract morphology trait', 'calculated rat serum anti-self type 2 collagen autoantibody titer', 'change in map to change in log[vasoconstrictor] ratio', 'limbus spiralis', 'sympathetic nervous system', 'olfactory receptor morphology', 'thurl width', 'bmi using body length, nose', 'heart igf1r mrna', 'b cell', 'lymphocytes', 'reticulo-rumen', 'blood steroid hormone', 'secretion by testes trait', 'epidermis development trait', 'blood mug1', 'forebrain development trait', 'bilateral testis tumor incidence', 'hepatocyte apoptosis', 'blood immunoglobulin g3', 'cervical spinal cord norepinephrine amount', 'memory t cell', 'joint measurement', 'both ears average of middle ear epithelium thickness', 'blood glycated albumin level to blood albumin level ratio', 'myeloid progenitor number', 'prl secretion trait', 'mesenteric artery phosphylated enos level to total enos level ratio', 'blood glucose amount', 'olfactory tract morphology trait', 'double-negative t-cell morphology trait', 'enteric neuron number', 'submandibular ganglion size trait', 'milk trans-vaccenic acid percentage', 'pro-b lymphocyte cell', 'plasma malondialdehyde level', 'calculated aorta wall molecular composition', 'scrotal circumference', 'ductus endolymphaticus morphology trait', 'muscle spindle', 'plasma chloride level', 'circulating pituitary hormone', 'adipocyte nefa release', 'alimentary/gastrointestinal measurement', 'blood cell', 'intraepithelial t lymphocyte', 'intestinal trypsin amount', 'brain lesion measurement', 'vertebral column orientation trait', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis onset/diagnosis measurement', 'b-1b b cell morphology', 'stria vascularis morphology', 'pancreas morphology trait', 'hindlimb stylopod', 'skin h2o level', 'absolute change in lvdbp', 'absolute change in adipocyte free fatty acid release per unit volume', 'experimental allergic neuritis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'femur work to failure', 'nk t cell physiology', 'omasum capacity', 'fat cell morphology trait', 'eosinocyte', 'aorta cellular protein', 'b1b cell morphology trait', 'circulating interleukin ii level', 'b cell activation trait', 'spleen red pulp', 'ctl physiology', 'locomotor behavior trait', 'incisive bone morphology', 'nipple quantity', 'epidermis stratum corneum thickness', 'milk myristic acid content', 'blood free fatty acid amount', 'detrusor smooth muscle contractility trait', 'pontine flexure morphology trait', 'thymocyte apoptosis', 'left lung', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-cell morphology', 'heart right ventricle dna', 'inguinal fat pad', 'milk sulfate amount', 'hippocampal laminar structure', 'percentage of disease population displaying relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis at a point in time', 'percentage of study population displaying unilateral left-sided renal agenesis at a point in time', 'triacylglycerol', 't-cell lymphoma onset/diagnosis', 'calculated blood vessel distensibility measurement', 'tibia bone mineral density', 'plasma paracetamol level area under curve (auc)', 'colostrum igm content', 'serum rat anti-self type 2 collagen antibody', 'total ethanol and water intake volume', 'circulating il-16', 'crop morphology', 'styloid process of temporal bone morphology', 'serum igg-rf level normalized to an arbitrary reference level', 'calculated motor neuron', 'outflow tract development trait', 'percentage of study population displaying well differentiated malignant colorectal tumors at a point in time', 'hepatic oxidized glutathione level', 'meat zinc content', 'milk fatty acid c10:0', 'plasma direct renin activity', 'abomasum', 'spleen dry weight', 'tracheal ciliated epithelium morphology trait', 'urine chloride excretion rate to body weight ratio', 'early pro-b cell', 'respiratory system physiology trait', 'induced arthritis severity', 'cholinergic nerve fiber', 'milk cis-10-heptadecenoic acid', 'respiratory alveoli size', 'neuron mitochondrion area', 'lumbar vertebra spongy bone cross-sectional area', 'inferior olivary nucleus morphology trait', 'percentage of study population developing liver edema during a period of time', 'spongy bone morphology', 'testis tumor incidence/prevalence', 'milk beta-carotene content', 'exocrine gland', 'dressed carcass composition trait', 'maturation zone morphology', 'choroid vascular', 'percentage of study population displaying pituitary gland hyperplastic lesions at a point in time', 'rt6.1 t lymphocyte', 'subependymal plate morphology trait', 'labyrinthine righting reflex', 'horny layer morphology trait', 'change in renal perfusion pressure', 'musculus temporalis', 'calculated heart rate', 'circulating norepinephrine', 'adenohypophysis', 'inflammatory exudate neutrophil', 'pressoreceptor physiology trait', 'urine chloride amount', 'transitional one stage b lymphocyte', 'renal artery', 'touch corpuscle size trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-12,trans-14-c18', 'plasma idl', 'post-insult time to onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'number of ruptures of arterial iel', 'spinal cord ox6', 'sexual interaction', 'apoptotic cell', 'longissimus thoracis morphology trait', 'spinal cord ventral horn morphological measurement', 'ratio of the number of lymphocytes in an inflammatory exudate to the number of all cells in that exudate', 'milk somatic cell count', 'inflammatory exudate tumor necrosis factor alpha', 'oligodendrocyte number', 't-cell growth factor p40 secretion', 'plasma progesterone', 'meat gamma-linolenic acid', 'retinal outer plexiform layer morphology', 'associative learning', 'calculated ethanol intake', 'blood androstenedione', 'type ii pneumocyte morphology', 'otolithic membrane', 'stab form leukocyte percentage', 'nkt cell morphology trait', 'respiratory mucosa', 'blood orm1', 'basophil morphology trait', 'velum morphology trait', 'cd4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t-cell morphology', 'number of squamous cell tumors of the tongue', 'milk osteopontin', 'intramembranous ossification initiation', 'c7 physiology', 'retinal bipolar cell number', 'deltoid impression morphology trait', 'integumentary system physiology trait', 'postcentral gyrus', 'kidney enzyme activity', 'femoral', 'epiphyseal plate morphology', 'calculated pancreatic islet beta cell area', 'cerebellum size trait', 'renal morphology trait', 'eosinophilic leukocyte differentiation', 'r73+ cell count', 'long length of egg', 'spine of scapula morphology trait', 'blood free glycerol', 'b-cell development trait', 'epididymis', 'calculated plasma adrenaline level', 'time to locate a visible target platform in an experimental apparatus', 'plasma haptoglobin level', 'percent postimplantation loss', 'cerebrovascular non-tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence measurement', 'change in body weight', 't cell receptor v-d-j recombination', 'circulating interleukin-16', 'adipocyte non-esterified fatty acid release', 'hyaloid capillary system development trait', 'tibia biomechanical', 'falciform lobe', 'muscle cellular composition trait', 'heart left ventricular end-diastolic blood pressure', 'skeleton morphological measurement', 'intramuscular fat area as percentage of skeletal muscle area', 'spleen morphology', 'behavioral response to novelty trait', 'body weight to body length (nose to rump) ratio', 'calculated back fat morphological measurement', 'schwann cell number', 'pituitary gland hyperplasia incidence/prevalence', 'dopamine amount', 'psalterial cord', 'serum anti-rat type ii collagen antibody', 'mesenteric fat pad mass', 'granulocyte', 'adipose protein', 'natural killer t lymphocyte', 'palatine gland ductal branching morphology trait', 'synaptic epinephrine release', 'brain type ii spike-wave discharge severity grade', 'average daily milk yield', 'lactotroph', 'calculated urine noradrenalin', 'leg muscle weight', 'regain baseline tilted plane angle at loss of balance/traction', 'circulating il13', 'neutrocyte physiology trait', 'complement physiology', 'regulatory t cell morphology trait', 'cholinergic nerve fiber organization trait', 'glucagon', 'stria vascularis intermediate cell morphology', "bowman's capsule", 'behavior trait', 'abdominal fat pad weight to body weight ratio', 'muscle eicosadienoic acid content', 'hair tylotrich neuron morphology trait', 'natural killer t lymphocyte number', 'pyometritis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,trans-11-c18', 'kidney glutathione peroxidase activity to glutathione reductase activity ratio', 'prenatal survival', 'pluripotent precursor cell morphology', 'striate body morphology', 'blood dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase activity level', 'liver granuloma severity score', 'milk alpha-s1-casein content', 'milk margaric acid percentage', 'immature b-cell', 'absolute change in urine noradrenaline excretion rate', 'optic vesicle development trait', 'skin development', 'rhinencephalon', 'aortic elastic fiber morphology', 'muscular system', 'percentage of study population displaying relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis at a point in time', 'milk cla percentage', 'sensory nerve fiber organization trait', 'serum retinol level', 'horizontal semicircular canal morphology trait', 'food calorie intake level to body weight gain ratio', 'ratio of apoptotic bodies to intact tumor cells in remodelling liver tumorous lesions', 'circulating il5 level', 'lymph node medulla morphology trait', 'bone strength', 'volume of individual liver tumorous lesion', 'joint morphological measurement', 'natural killer t-lymphocyte', 'gnrh secretion trait', 'total ventral prostate', 'presphenoid bone', 'novel environment trait', 'serum ldl', 'digestive secretion trait', 'enteroendocrine cell morphology', 'duodenum glandular crypt', 'subpallium development', 'tibia midshaft total cross-sectional', 'b-1b b-lymphocyte', 'lymph node weight to body weight ratio', 'cardiovascular system', 'milk stomatin amount', 'hepatocellular carcinoma tumor', 'endocardial cushion orientation trait', 'calculated lymphocyte radioactive tracer', 'serum creatine phosphokinase activity', 'bone area', "bowman's capsule morphology trait", 'ear measurement', 'lingual bone morphology', 'random plasma renin', 'mucosa thickness of the proventriculus', 'skeletal muscle morphological', 'tongue mass', 'plasma intermediate density lipoprotein cholesterol level', 'pituitary diverticulum', "cowper's gland dry", 'polymorphonuclear leucocyte physiology trait', 'mast cell histamine storage', 'adrenal gland ribonucleic acid', 'blood fibrinogen', 'autoantibody level', 'skin barrier function trait', 'filiform papillae morphology trait', 'cardiac weight', 'kidney glutathione-s-transferase activity to total protein level ratio', 'adipocyte incremental free fatty acid secretion', 'e/a wave', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c18:1', 'lens polarity trait', 'bruch membrane morphology trait', 'milk casein index', 'pectoral muscle morphology trait', 'spleen iron amount', 'muscle myoglobin amount', 'kidney superoxide dismutase to paraoxonase1 activity ratio', 'spinal cord mrna composition', 'sperm measurement', 'hearing electrophysiology trait', "cowper's gland size", 'hepatic glutathione level', 'smooth muscle physiology trait', 'renal blood flow', 'jugal bone morphology', 'nerve activity', 'podocyte', 'skin layer', 'cochlear hair bundle tip links morphology', 'olfactory nerve morphology trait', 'plasma alpha-fetoprotein', 'kidney protein activity', 'combined water and quinine-water intake', 'b-2 cell number', 'circulating il-1a level', 'internal adipose', 'plasma angiotensin ii', 'intercostal muscle weight', 'kidney non-tumorous lesion', 'auditory hair cell', 'cochlear outer hair cell stereociliary bundle morphology trait', 'heart angiotensin ii converting enzyme activity level', 'interleukin-23a secretion', 'posterior limiting lamina of cornea', 'serum haptoglobin level', 'spinal cord complement component 1, q subcomponent, b chain mrna', 'serum anti-rat type 2 collagen antibody', 'limbic system morphology trait', 'granule layer morphology', 'liver nonremodeling tumorous lesion volume fraction', 'involuntary movement', 'follicular dendritic cell quantity', 'adenoid morphology', 'meat trait', 'cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis', 'polymorphonuclear cell count', 'ampullary sulcus morphology', 'natural t cell physiology trait', 'helper t-lymphocyte type 2 cell differentiation', 'il3 secretion', 'blood shear trait', 'myolemma morphology trait', 'blood b lymphocyte count', 'b-cell domain morphology trait', 'blood cell morphology trait', 'anterior uvea', 'motile spermatozoa percent', 'membrana statoconiorum', 'circulating b cell stimulatory factor-1', 'body mass', 'pro-b cell morphology trait', 'alveolar septum thickness', 'blood alpha-fetoprotein level', 'serum autoantibody level', 'milk oleic acid content', 'circulating interleukin-4 level', 'milk mucin 1', 'blood enzyme protein level', 'baroreceptor morphology', 'proximal rib morphology trait', 'absolute change in adipocyte non-esterified fatty acid secretion per unit volume', 'plasma conjugated bilirubin', 'spinal cord morphology trait', 'both ovaries wet', 'alveoli morphology', 'urine epinephrine', 'lymph node measurement', 'femoral neck polar moment of inertia', 'extensor digitorum longus muscle weight', 'retina integrity trait', 't cell receptor v-d-j joining', 'lung angiotensin ii converting enzyme activity', 'brain commissure morphology trait', 'serum level of immunoglobulin g1', 'interleukin secretion', 'aorta elastic tissue morphology', 'percentage of study population developing cataract during a period of time', 'prefrontal gyrus', 't-helper 2 cell differentiation', 'superior colliculus size trait', 'calculated blood vessel smooth muscle cell', 'circulatory system morphology trait', 'myocardium physiology', 'aorta wall extracellular collagen', 'angii half maximal effective', 'primitive erythropoiesis', 'meat monounsaturated fatty acid content', 'milk fatty acid trans-10,cis-12-c18:2 concentration', 'myocardial compact layer morphology trait', 'circulating interleukin-23 alpha', 'otic vesicle cell number', 'ability to open eyelids', 'serum total igm level', 'blood ldl triglyceride', 'transitional b cell number', 'pericardial configuration', 'lip vermillion border width', 'interleukin-16 secretion trait', 'hydrocephaly severity measurement', 'skeletal muscle physiology trait', 'vibrissa number', 'blood b lymphocyte count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'retinal pigment epithelium morphology', 'oogenesis', 'nociception system', 'blood vessel maximum contractility measurement', 'trabeculae carneae morphology trait', 'nk t cell morphology trait', 'fat morphology trait', 'central b lymphocyte anergy', 'mature t cell morphology trait', 'egg length', 'milk trans-9-octadecenoic acid', 'plasma anti-porcine type 2 collagen antibody level', 'hsv-induced encephalitis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'rectum mass', 'milk free calcium amount', 'percentage of study population developing hse during a period of time', 'retinal cell', 'calculated body weight estimate', 'diameter of squamous cell tumors of the tongue', 'lvawd', 'brain dry', 'membranous labyrinth morphology trait', 'pulmonary ventilation rate', 'adiposity index', 'muscle fatigue', 'leukocyte tethering or rolling', 'spleen marginal zone macrophage morphology', 'lymphocytic corona', 'milk sour aromatics flavor intensity', 'otic capsule morphology trait', 'blood lipoprotein phospholipid level', 'aag amount', 'nodose ganglion morphology trait', 'sebaceous gland', 'circulating ifn-gamma inducing factor level', 'parasitic infection incidence/prevalence measurement', 'inflammatory exudate mnl count', 'muscle water', 'motile sperm', 'milk fatty acid cis-11-c16:1', 'onset of muscle development', 'outflow tract development', 'cricoid cartilage morphology', 'interatrial septum configuration trait', 'age at onset/diagnosis of niddm', 'milk cd36 molecule', 'ovarian follicle morphology', 'lung wet weight as percentage of body', 'blood differential leukocyte count as percentage of total white blood cells', 'memory t cell morphology', 'brain physiology', 'blood ethanol level at regain of the righting reflex', 'serum low density lipoprotein phospholipid level', 'subcutis', 'deiters cell morphology', 'gonad morphology', 'hexadecanoic acid', 'isotype switching', 'left ventricle weight', 'calculated whole body visceral fat weight', 'inner ear', 'total pancreatic protein', 'c8 physiology trait', 'ductus endolymphaticus', 'epidermis stratum basale morphology', 'myringa morphology', 'serum autoantibody', 'maximum aortic velocity', 'drink energy intake rate', 'uterus weight', 't cell function', 'adipose palmitoleic acid', 'somatic motor system morphology', 'b-2 b lymphocyte', 'motor nerve terminal sprouting trait', 'onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis', 'type i muscle fiber quantity', 'olfactory discrimination memory trait', 'alanine transaminase activity level', 'hematopoietic system development trait', 'egg yolk', 'brainstem morphology trait', 'brain infarction measurement', 'brain wet weight', 'angiotensin i-converting enzyme activity', 'blood immunoglobulin g amount', 'cytotoxic t-cell morphology trait', 'milk cis-12-octadecenoic acid', 'cerebrum', 'skin elasticity', 'b-1a b cell', 'common myeloid progenitor cell quantity', 'abdominal hypodermal fat weight', 'superior olivary complex morphology trait', 'heart lv dna content to body weight ratio', 'trochlear nerve size', 'calculated uterine', 'serum cystatin c', 'maximum weekly bisphenol a in fructose drink intake rate', 'total breast muscle', 'pancreas gland morphology trait', 'intramuscular fat', 'milk lactose amount', 'heart tube looping direction', 'aorta wall extracellular elastin', 'reproductive system development', 'muscular system physiology', 'percent of time spent in freezing behavior', 'blood renin activity level', 'organ of hearing morphology trait', 'gastric tumor histology grade', 'kidney fibrotic lesion size', 'rump trait', 'hair-down cell innervation pattern', 'perilymph physiology trait', 'renal agenesis incidence/prevalence', 'malpighian corpuscle morphology', 'memory t cell morphology trait', 'food energy intake level to change in body weight ratio', 'vitreous membrane morphology', 'cytokine amount', 'circulating il13 level', 'cleaved embryo number, post ivf treatment', 'circulating interleukin-21', 'oval corpuscle morphology', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic t cell morphology trait', 'nervous system disease incidence/prevalence measurement', 'neuron cytoplasm measurement', 'erythrocyte number', 'ileum mucosa morphology', 'falciform lobe morphology trait', 'plasma sodium level', 'plasma escherichia coli specific antibody titer', 'motor neuron count', 'sympathetic ganglia morphology trait', 'r73+ cell', 't-cell activation', 'posterior limiting lamina of cornea morphology', 'liver parenchymal degeneration incidence/prevalence', 'corpora lutea', 'osteoplast', 'brain weight to body weight ratio', 'basis cranii morphology trait', 'ventral prostate gland dry', 'vestibulocochlear ganglion', 'thoracic aorta cellular protein amount', 'circulating gamma-interferon', 'circulation', "ruffini's corpuscle morphology", 'number of sclerotic glomeruli', 'serum inorganic phosphate level', 'combined water and quinine-water intake to total water only intake ratio', 'total glomerular area', 'serum tyrosinase activity', 'b-1a b cell morphology trait', 'white lipocyte size', 'blood cartilage oligomeric matrix protein', 'metacarpus quantity', 'skeletal myogenesis', 'hepatic remodeling tumorous lesion', 'tongue', 'carcass weight', 'limbic system morphology', 'kidney morphology', 'height of the villi of the jejunum', 'thymus ribonucleic acid composition measurement', 'lumen diameter at maximum dilation expressed', 'atrial auricle morphology', 'phalanges morphology trait', 'skeletal muscle cell morphology trait', 'calculated apoptotic cell measurement', 'liver copper weight', 'blood glycerol', 'cranium morphology', 'neuron apoptosis trait', 'peripheral nervous system morphology', 'enteric cholinergic neuron morphology', 't-helper 2 cell differentiation trait', 'vermal uvula morphology trait', 'heart left ventricle end-diastolic relative wall thickness', 'cardiac valve', 'vertebra strength trait', 'immune system organ physiology', 'cecum', 'brain plant sterol and stanol amount', 'lymph node morphology', 'ast', 'circulating ketone body level', 'urine sodium excretion rate', 'infection trait', 'circulating ctla8 level', 'type iv spiral ligament fibrocyte morphology', 'calculated cerebral artery inner diameter measurement', 'calculated blood thyroid hormone level', 'serum gd activity', 'total lymphocytes', 'contralateral side motor neuron', 'aqueous drainage system morphology', 'pharyngeal muscle morphology', 'intraepithelial t-cell morphology', 'mast cell development trait', 'milk fatty acid c14:0 concentration', 'purkinje cell', 'plasma anti-ssdna antibody', 'nk cell count', 'type i spiral ligament fibrocyte', 'tb.sp', 'tibia mineral mass', 'membrana basilaris morphology trait', 'medulla oblongata dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac)', 'femur polar moment of inertia', 'mammary fat pad morphology trait', 'phrenic nerve morphology', 'nonolfactory cortex', 'lymph node trabecula morphology', 'serum alkaline phosphatase activity', 'incidence of pituitary tumors that invade the glandular capsule', 'reproductive system physiology trait', 'blood cytokine measurement', 'submandibular lymph node size', 'vasculosa oculi morphology', 'haemolymphoid system physiology', 'milk butyric acid percentage', 'heart atrium appendage morphology trait', 'urinary system trait', 'liver campesterol amount', 'milk thrombospondin receptor', 'subependymal layer', 'vascular development', 'lipid amount', 'metatarsal bone', 'blood autoantibody amount', 'placental labyrinth', 'hip', 'hypothalamus', 'urine catecholamine amount', 'neutrophilic leucocyte', 'plasma tyrosinase activity', 'third ventricle', 'adrenal protein/peptide composition', 'blood acetaminophen amount', 'colon molecular composition trait', 'deltoid crest', 'heart ventricle papillary muscle', 'quadriceps mass', 'calculated drink energy intake', 'b2 cell', 'neointimal hyperplasia area', 'neuronal cytoplasm', 'blood cd45rchigh cd4(+) t cell', 'milk composition', 'calculated heart ventricle end-diastolic septal wall', 'skin molecular composition measurement', 'inflammatory exudate ltb4 to lxa4 ratio', 'sex gland physiology', 'milk unsaturated fatty acid', 'lymphoid system physiology', 'uterus wet weight to body weight ratio', 'long-term potentiation', 'serotonergic neuron morphology', 'renal perfusion pressure change', 'type i spiral ligament fibrocyte morphology trait', 'follicular arteriole morphology trait', 'vertebra trabecular cross-sectional area', 'vestibular cochlear ganglion', 'lingual bone', 'dressed carcass trait', 'meat monounsaturated fatty acid', 'femur cortical cross-sectional area', 'vertebra morphology trait', 'hepatobiliary system morphology trait', 'conjunctival blood vessel', 'white adipose', 'mesonephric duct morphology', 'l5 sympathetic ganglion', 'blood cst3', 'forebrain cell', 'sclerotica morphology', 'adipocyte nefa secretion trait', 'plasma intermediate density lipoprotein phospholipid', 'cytotoxic t-cell cytolysis', 'liver non-tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence', 'depth of the glandular crypts of the ileum', 'nutrient absorption trait', 'nk t lymphocyte physiology trait', 'liver ornithine decarboxylase activity trait', 'brain mass', 'calculated blood thyroid hormone', 'eosinophil migration trait', 'milk diacylglycerol content', 'visceral fat weight/ tibial length', 'sodium chloride drinking water intake volume', 'large intestine weight', 'pancreatic islet beta cell', 'skeletal muscle myosin isoform', 'b-cell physiology trait', 'olfactory mucosa morphology', 'nodose ganglion morphology', 'cd45rclow cd4 t cell count', 'calculated plasma aldosterone', 'retina integrity', 'blood monocyte count to total leukocyte count ratio', 'brown adipose morphology trait', 'heel depth', 'urine 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid level', 'diabetes mellitus incidence/prevalence measurement', 'heart right atrium morphology', 'intercostal muscle mass', 'retinal vascular morphology', 'meat skatole odor intensity', 'neuron number', 'blood ldl particle diameter', 'urine solute amount', 'appendicular skeleton', 'normal sperm percent', 'forelimb stylopod', 'milk cluster of differentiation content', 'toll-like receptor 2 protein amount', 'central t-lymphocyte anergy', 'pituitary tumor', 'liver tumor measurement', 'blood anti-histone antibody amount', 'cardiac valve morphology trait', 'circulating interferon-gamma', 'mouth mucosa', 'total water plus saccharin-water intake to total water only intake ratio', 'meat fatty acid trans-11,cis-15-c18', 'plasma anti-collagen antibody titer', 'thyroid gland dry weight', 'axillary lymph node cell quantity', 'distal convoluted tubule morphology trait', 'serum immunoglobulin g1 level', 'nk cell physiology', 'circumvallate papillae morphology', 'spine development', 'heart ventricle septum configuration trait', 'interleukin-12 beta chain secretion', 'milk measurement', 'blood vessel reactivity trait', 'bone elasticity trait', 'post ivf treatment cleaved embryo number', 't helper 1 cell differentiation', 'neutrocyte morphology', 'sterol amount', 'kidney angiotensin ii converting enzyme activity', 'intervertebral disk', 'muscle fatty acid c18:0', 'spinal cord cd74 mrna level', 'vestibular hair bundle', 'individual kidney wet weight to body weight ratio', 'pallidum morphology trait', 'forelimb mass', 'palatine process morphology', 'blood natural killer cell count', 'kidney renin amount', 'maturation zone morphology trait', 'blood ldl phospholipid', 'aorta smooth muscle cell count per unit vessel', 'rib muscle thickness', 'canal of schlemm morphology trait', 'type iii spiral ligament fibrocyte morphology', 'chemotactic interleukin physiology', 'brown adipocyte', 'heart igf1 mrna', 'percentage of study population displaying malignant liver tumors at a point in time', 'area postrema', 'chemokine amount', 'b cell morphology trait', 'cardiovascular system morphology', 'skin water level to skin dry weight ratio', 'onset of experimental diabetes mellitus', 'blood vessel elastic tissue morphology', 'corneal stroma morphology', 'diastolic blood pressure variability', 'heart protein activity', 'blood cortisol amount', 'maternal behavior trait', 'blood aspartate transaminase activity', 'thymus medulla', 'plasma intermediate density lipoprotein cholesterol', 'circulating thyroxine level', 'vertebra cortex cross-sectional', 'milk trans-11,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid', 'tongue tumorous lesion measurement', 'brain campesterol level', 'male fertility trait', 'colostrum steroid concentration', 'uterine tube', 'ventral prostate tumorous lesion area', 'placenta maternal decidual layer morphology', 'logarithm of the total number of streptococcus pneumoniae bacterial colony forming units recovered', 'blood tsh level', 'microglial cell physiology', 'ventricle of cerebral hemisphere size', 'abnormal sperm percent', 'blood cd25(+) lymphocyte', 'pals', 'neuronal mitochondrion area measurement', 'urinary organ', 'kidney tubule size', 'inflammatory exudate mnl', 'platelet aggregation test', 'urine aldosterone measurement', 'hepatic molecular composition measurement', 'polymodal receptor morphology', 'temporalis muscle morphology', 'ctla-8 secretion', 'red blood cell shape trait', 'gastrointestinal system physiology', 'cd4+ t cell physiology trait', 't cell receptor delta chain v-d-j joining', 'heart dry weight', 'helper t-cell type 2 cell differentiation', 'plasma anti-rat type 2 collagen autoantibody', 'cardiac myocyte morphological measurement', 'anti-double-stranded dna antibody', 'juxtaglomerular apparatus morphology', 'rump bmi', 'serum thyroid stimulating hormone', 'dn4 thymocyte', 'respiratory alveolar duct morphology trait', 'cns neurotransmission', 'skin cl- level', 'fornix hippocampus', 'calculated aortic wall molecular composition', 'pharyngeal pouch', 'milk margaric acid concentration', 'malignant colorectal neoplasm surface area measurement', 'tunica propria corii morphology trait', 'atrium septum morphology trait', 'renal blood flow trait', 'aorta physiology trait', 'meat heneicosylic acid content', 'serum igd level', 'blood ammonia amount', 'parasympathetic neuron morphology trait', 'white fat cell', 'milk hormone concentration', 'apoptotic bodies', 'serum hdl phospholipid', 'blood total protein', 'thermal receptor morphology trait', 'blood chylomicron particle diameter', 'blood viscosity trait', 'belly percentage', 'calculated thymus', 'blood anti-laminin antibody level', 'both kidneys dry weight', 'lachrymal gland', 'sperm production trait', 'hassall concentric corpuscle', 'auditory physiology trait', 'blood hemoglobin a1c level level to blood hemoglobin level ratio', 'shoulder muscle mass', 'spinal cord dorsal horn', 'tympanic membrane morphology trait', 'body righting reflex measurement', 'blood cd3-positive cell', 'milk fatty acid c4:0 percentage', 'pituitary gland dry weight', 'percentage of study population with hydronephrosis developing hematuria during a period of time', 'iris development trait', 'hepatic lipid composition measurement', 'gustatory system physiology trait', 'blood sitosterol', 'igg level', 'internal auditory meatus morphology', 'uterine integrity', 'neuron morphology', 'blood sitosterol amount', 'granulated metrial gland cell morphology', 'fillet', 'endocardial cushion thickness', 'skin appendage morphology trait', 'circulating interleukin-9', 'urine protein/creatinine ratio', 'fin regeneration trait', 'gastric parietal cell morphology', 'soleus morphology trait', 'adipose fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18:2 percentage', 'shoulder girdle morphology trait', 'gamma-delta t-cell number', 'prostate tumor incidence', 'post-insult time to trigeminal nerve mpnst formation', 'serum vitamin a1', 'splenic germinal center morphology trait', 'plasma anion gap', 'hair tylotrich cell innervation pattern', 'podocyte morphology trait', 'ethanol metabolism rate', 'liver somatic index, lsi', 'hexadecanoic acid percentage', 'core body temperature', 'wool staple', 'type ii cell morphology trait', 'hypothalamus 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid', 'blood very low density lipoprotein specific apolipoprotein b', 'helper t cell type 2 cell', 'circulating il-23a level', 'toll-like receptor 9 protein', 'stomach epithelium morphology', 'efferent lymphatic vessel morphology', 'gastrointestinal system physiology trait', 'right ventricular size', 'hcc tumor', 'orbitofrontal cortex morphology', 'gamete morphology trait', 'loin external fat', 'chronic pancreatitis incidence', 'head morphology', 'limb length', 'oleic acid', 'vestibular chamber', 'number of podocytes', 'eustachian tube', 'plasma anti-porcine type ii collagen antibody titer', 'mature gamma-delta t cell morphology', 'outer ear area', 'body fat mass', 'renal blood vessel physiology', 'vagina epithelium', 'neck weight', 'thymic', 'meat fatty acid c16:0 percentage', 'change in mean arterial blood pressure', 'blood anti-insulin autoantibody', 'serum aspartate aminotransferase activity level', 'number of neonatal deaths to total litter size ratio', 'spinal cord interneuron morphology', 'heart atrium morphological measurement', 'lactotroph count to total pituicyte count ratio', 'erythrocyte ion transport trait', 'plasma anti-deoxyribonucleic acid antibody titer', 'blood progesterone level', 'capillary blood pressure', 'pyramidal tract morphology trait', 'factor i level', 'spleen cell physiology', 'cardiac triglyceride level', 'meat water content', 'total horizontal distance resulting from voluntary locomotion in an experimental apparatus', 'total calorie intake', 'parietal bone morphology trait', 'hair cortex', 'percentage of study population developing gastric tumors during a period of time', 'blood hdl phospholipid level', 'blood apm1', 'cranial nerve morphology trait', 'dn4 alpha-beta immature t-lymphocyte', 'age at first egg', 'vertebra trabecular cross-sectional', 't2 stage b cell number', 'pulmonary alveolar duct morphology', 'plasma anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody level', 'percent change in diastolic blood pressure', 'blood gd activity level', 'primary muscle spindle morphology', 'bony labyrinth morphology', 'mononuclear cell interferon gamma secretion', 'stab neutrophil', 'myrinx morphology', 'meat fatty acid c18:3 n-3 concentration', 'calculated pituitary gland morphological', 'milk fatty acid cis-15-c18', 'litter measurement', 'soleus morphology', 'blood cd45rclow cd8 t cell', 'tibiofibular fusion cross-sectional area', 'calculated heart ventricle end-systolic septal wall thickness', 'viable sperm', 'b-cell growth factor-1 secretion', 'milk lactoperoxidase', 'blood lactate dehydrogenase amount', 'egg shell morphology', 'urine creatine excretion rate', 'malpighian pyramid morphology', 'femoral neck width', 'calculated neuron lysosome area', 'both ovaries dry weight', 'volumetric bone mineral density', 'serum sterol level', 'femur metaphysial anteroposterior diameter', 'dendritic cell morphology trait', 'clitoris size', 'line of schwalbe morphology trait', 'blood glomerular filtration rate, may quadratic formula', 'serum hdl to ldl ratio', 'parietal lobe morphology', 'omasum weight', 'percentage of study population developing diabetes mellitus during a period of time', 'small intestine length', "hirschsprung's disease severity", 'plasma ast activity', 'pancreas tumorous lesion measurement', 'blood anti-single stranded dna antibody', 'choroid pigmentation trait', 'heart left ventricular end-diastolic diameter', 'calculated urine vanillylmandelic acid level', 'heart interventricular septum thickness', 'bone ultimate displacement', 'cytotoxic t-cell morphology', 'liver nonremodeling tumorous lesion volume', 'hassall concentric corpuscle morphology', 'gastrulation movement trait', 'calculated aorta morphological measurement', 'helper t lymphocyte type 1', 'thyroid gland measurement', 'b-1 b-lymphocyte morphology', 'kidney size', "reissner's membrane morphology", 'spinal cord ventral horn area', 'total fat body weight', 'lumbar vertebra height', 'ventral prostate tumorous lesion incidence', 'epidermis stratum lucidum', 'blood t helper 2-like cell count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'brain type ii spike-and-wave discharge severity grade', 'cd4(+) cell', 't-cell morphology trait', 'back fat morphological', 'craniofacial physiology', 'olfactory receptor protein morphology trait', 'anti-nuclear antigen antibody level', 'maturation zone', 'cauda epididymis morphology trait', 'blood renin level', 'pao2', 'sex determination trait', 'superficial glomerulus count', 'infection incidence/prevalence measurement', 'vascular tunic of the eye', 'sublingual salivary gland cholinergic innervation pattern', 'epaxial muscle morphology', 'circulating il-12', 'tail)', 'plasma anti-double-stranded dna antibody level', 'milk sodium content', 'tarsal bone morphology', 'c7 physiology trait', 'onset of moribundity', 'schwann cell precursor morphology', 'onset of ean', 'jejunum morphology', 'plasma lactate', 'olfactory cortex morphology', 'blood protein measurement', 'suppressor t cell', 'bone polar moment of inertia', 'caudal vertebrae number', 'paw/hand/foot/hoof morphology', 'serum lactate dehydrogenase activity', 'offspring mortality measurement', 'l5 ganglion', 'spleen physiology trait', 'cloaca morphology', 'response to alcohol trait', 'artery wall thickness as percentage of artery outer diameter', 'branchial pouch morphology trait', 't3 stage b cell morphology trait', 'circulating eosinophil differentiation factor level', 'adipose fatty acid c20:2', 'vestibular hair bundle morphology', 'blood interleukin-21', 'blood tnf amount', 'neuron lysosome', "meissner's corpuscle size", 'l4 ganglion morphology', 'hypodermis integrity', 'efferent glomerular arteriolar resistance', 'tail weight', 'body wall morphology', 'calculated blood vessel maximum contractile force measurement', 'kidney lpo level', 't-cell receptor v(d)j recombination', 'poorly differentiated malignant colorectal neoplasm prevalence', 'kidney tubular degeneration incidence/prevalence measurement', 'circulating vldl cholesterol level', 'memory t lymphocyte morphology', 'kidney medulla trpv4 protein', 'tissue 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid', 'enterocolitis severity', 'absolute change in food intake volume', 'orbitosphenoid bone', 'belly fat area', 'transmembrane potential', 'amacrine cell', 'parathyroid gland pigmentation', 'serum tsh', 'calculated serum triglyceride', 'single adrenal gland weight as percentage of body weight', 'nonfunctional nipple number', 'log2 of pituitary gland wet', 'endocrine gland measurement', 'ileum morphology', 'thyroid gland morphological', 'craniofacial bone morphology', 'litter', 'brain type i spike-and-wave discharge amplitude', 'choroid/ventricle morphology trait', 'blood acute phase protein measurement', 'intestinal adult trichinella spiralis count', 'spleen fdc network', 'pillar cell morphology', 'kidney cortex measurement', 'skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain type i', 'igl', 'double-negative t-cell', 'lumbar vertebrae number', 'hepatocyte proliferation', 'cloaca respiration', 'oxygen consumption', 'percentage of study population developing trigeminal nerve mpnst during a period of time', 'blood alcohol level', 'kidney glomerulosclerosis', 'urine mineral amount', 'blood hormone amount', 't2dm prevalence', 'offspring morphological measurement', 'cytotoxic t-cell physiology', 'milk vitamin b12', 'bone elasticity', 'artery lesion measurement', 'consumption behavior', 'pontine flexure morphology', 'body temperature trait', 'serum free glycerol level', 'hydrocephalus severity', 'spinal cord anterior horn', 'milk epithelial cell count', 'cardiac atrial morphology trait', 'liver hyperemia prevalence', 'acute eae incidence/prevalence measurement', 'total aortic wall dry', 'interatrial septum configuration', 'milk casein micelle size', 'circulating mcgf-2 level', 'residual lumen area of diseased artery', 'epididymal fat pad weight as percentage of body', 'ratio of insulin-positive cell area to total area of duodenal region of pancreas', 'lumbar vertebra spongy bone cross-sectional', 'circulating interleukin-2', 'log2 of pituitary gland wet weight', 'number of 20 x 20 cm floor squares crossed into, out of or within a discrete space in an experimental apparatus', 'palate morphology trait', 'blood chylomicron cholesterol amount', 'iodide oxidation trait', 'subthalamus', 'intramuscular adipose area', 'processus brevis morphology', 'inguinal lymph gland weight', 'white lipocyte morphology trait', 'heart left ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content to body weight ratio', 'urine creatinine excretion rate', 'alcohol intake rate', 'total number born', 'carcass length', 'pectoral girdle morphology', 'ffa level', 'muscle free fatty acid (ffa)', 'blood amino acid', 'bronchoalveolar duct junction morphology trait', 'lumbar vertebrae', 'cochlear neuroepithelium morphology', 'vasodilation trait', 'follicular arteriole', 'prostate tumor measurement', 'mammary tumor incidence', 'glucose absorption', 'serum anti-type 2 collagen antibody', 'plasma osmolality', 'serum gssg', 'liver glutathione s-transferase-placental form mrna level', 'plasma anti-rat type ii collagen antibody level', 'keratinocyte morphology', 'anterior horn', 'cutaneous/subcutaneous mechanoreceptor morphology', 'serum igg-rheumatoid factor titer', 'blood cystatin amount', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c14', 'plasma immunoglobulin g amount', 'radial glial cell morphology', 'sinus circularis morphology trait', 'serum total immunoglobulin m level', 'stomach integrity', 'pulmonary vascular resistance measurement (pvr)', 'malignant liver tumor', 'serum igg subtype level', 'tibial stiffness', 'renal tubule apoptosis', 'igg concentration', 'blood acidity-alkalinity balance trait', 'glycogen catabolism', 'milk muc1', 'renal/urinary measurement', 'adenophysis morphology', 'acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis incidence', 'semimembranosus', 'milk alpha-lactalbumin percentage', 'femur ultimate displacement', 'interleukin i secretion', 'feather pigmentation trait', 'meat structure trait', 'thigh weight', "merkel's receptor quantity", 'dentin morphology', 'serum angii level', 'midbrain roof plate morphology trait', 'tunica vasculosa bulbosa morphology trait', 'liver tumorous lesion area measurement', 'plasma malondialdehyde', 'plasmacytoid monocyte', 'foreskin', 'well differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma number', 'serum ldl-c', 'osteophage formation', 'circulating beta-ifn level', 'retinopathy incidence/prevalence measurement', 'milk fatty acid cis-12-c18', 'heart ventricle weight', 'absolute change in renal vascular resistance', 'liver disease severity measurement', 'enteric cholinergic nerve fiber organization trait', 'venous sinus of sclera', 'activated t cell count', 'incremental glucose uptake', 'erythrocyte precursor morphology trait', 'blood rt6.1 cell percentage', 'retinal outer nuclear layer', 'cocaine trait', 'inflammatory exudate tnfa', 'stomach squamous epithelium', 'whole body visceral fat weight', 'fetal growth', 'calculated motoneuron', 'malignant hepatic tumor number', 'basal free fatty acid secretion', 'morphology trait of the retinal vasculature', 'muscle vaccenic acid content', 'gonad development', 'calculated pancreatic total protein level', 'milk beta-lactoglobulin content', 'muscle dry matter amount', 'heat', 'horizontal distance covered resulting from voluntary locomotion in proximity to the target  in an experimental apparatus to total horizontal distance covered ratio', 'myeloid leukemia incidence/prevalence measurement', 'facial morphology', 'mechanical nociception', 'mesonephric duct morphology trait', 'pancreatic islet morphological measurement', 'bone biomechanical', 'zygomatic process of maxilla morphology trait', 'parathyroid gland physiology trait', 'plasma free glycerol level', 'calculated ventricle contraction', 'statoconia', 'milk solids', 'milk cluster of differentiation', 'dorsal spinal root morphology', 'circulating il-10', 'submandibular lymph node', 'blood vessel smooth muscle physiology trait', 'functional nipple quantity', 'mammary duct', 'kidney physiology trait', 'blood cd45rchigh cd8 t cell count', 'serum igg-rheumatoid factor level normalized to an arbitrary reference', 'sclerotic glomeruli count', 'atrioventricular valve', 'adrenocortical cell', 'spleen morphological measurement', 'purkinje cell count', 'respiratory mucosa morphology', 'stab form leukocyte', 'duddell membrane', 'lymphocyte radioactive tracer measurement', 'liver measurement', 'basal ganglion neuron quantity', 'tracheal smooth muscle morphology trait', 'beta cell area', 'rosenthal canal morphology', 'scala media size trait', 'c-reactive protein', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t cell', 'ventral prostate gland dry weight', 'pituitary tumor latency', 'milk somatic cell', 'brain type i swd severity grade', 'spermiation', 'total mononuclear cell', 'memory b cell differentiation', 'outer hair cell stereocilia', 'viable offspring quantity', 'interventricular septum membranous part', 'milk cis-10-heptadecenoic acid content', 'urine adrenaline excretion rate', 'diaphragm muscle morphology', 'postcentral gyrus morphology', 'drink intake duration', 'tear duct morphology trait', 'gonad', 'vestibular hair cell stereocilia size', 'serum total ige level', 'tissue weight of the small intestine', 'timed heart effluent volume', 'cholinergic innervation pattern trait', 'blood immunoglobulin m', 'calculated islet of langerhans', 'kidney ren', 'inflammatory exudate protein', 'muscle molecular composition', 'meat fatty acid c18:3 n-3 percentage', 'cd4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t cell morphology trait', 'wildness behavior', 'left suprarenal gland wet weight', 'type iia muscle fiber number', 'total experimental time spent in type i spike-and-wave discharges', 'hsv-induced encephalitis incidence/prevalence', 'single positive t cell', 'blood high density lipoprotein particle diameter', 'circulating il-17 level', 'brain type i spike-and-wave discharge frequency', 'membrana hyaloidea', 'spiral ligament size trait', 'circulating b-cell stimulatory factor 2', 'milk fatty acid c20:2', 'blood igf1 level', 'intestinal aganglionosis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'splenic fibrosis prevalence', 'muscle nerve fiber organization', 'ctla8 secretion', 'parotid gland morphology', 'heart right atrium weight', 'corticospinal tract morphology trait', 'aorta integrity trait', 'circulating interleukin-5 level', 'brain electrical activity measurement', 'retinal photoreceptor layer morphology', 'muscle cell glucose uptake trait', 'vertebra length, cervical', 'milk sour flavor intensity', 'lung molecular composition trait', 'blood vessel dilation force reduction measurement', 'aorta elastic tissue', 'circulating il-12a level', 'serum vitamin a1 level', 'white adipose morphology trait', 'heart left ventricle anf amount', 'stamina', 'cd45rclow cd8 t cell', 'maxilla morphology', 'meat eicosanoic acid percentage', 'otic capsule', 'plasma alanine transaminase activity', 'trait', 'circulating tnfa level', 'presphenoid bone morphology', 'tibial cortical bone volume to tibial total bone volume ratio', 'craniofacial development', 'femur cross-sectional moment of inertia', 'tunnel of corti morphology trait', 'pars superior vestibularis morphology', 'ratio of beta cell area to total islet of langerhans area', 'paw/hand/foot/hoof', 'receptor-dependent blood vessel maximum contractile force to receptor-independent blood vessel maximum contractile force ratio', 'molar growth', 'haemoglobin', 'mannose-binding protein physiology', 'urine production trait', 'umbilical cord morphology', 'natural killer cell cytolysis', 'glomerular volume', 'langerhans cell physiology', 'blood igg', 'circulating hydrocortisone level', 'hippocampus pyramidal cell layer', 'brown adipose tissue', 'ventriculus tertius size', 'e/a wave ratio', 'liver cell morphology trait', 'plasma glucagon', 'rib fat content', 'tunica sclerotica morphology', 'liver sitosterol amount', 'kcl log half maximal effective concentration (log ec50)', 'sum of epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissue', 'lung size trait', 'b-2 b-lymphocyte', 'blood flow', 'colorectal cancer incidence/prevalence measurement', 'enteric ganglia morphology', 'amacrine neuron morphology trait', 'milk stearic acid', 'colorectal adenocarcinoma surface area', 'calculated neuron mitochondrion area', 'infection severity measurement', 'sclera morphology', 'serum igf1', 'plasma ldl phospholipid', 'salivary gland epithelial cell quantity', 'circulating amino acid', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck tumor', 'saccular macula', 'number of immature b-cells', 'kidney glomerulus quantity', 'pecquet duct', 'percent change in arterial blood flow rate', 'l4 drg morphology trait', 'natural killer cell quantity', 'calculated inguinal fat pad weight', 'percentage of study population displaying cataract at a point in time', 'heart left ventricle end-systolic posterior wall', 'clara cell', 'aorta volume', 'artery lumen area', 'white adipocyte size', 'calculated milk fat content measurement', 'blood hemoglobin', 'both lungs dry weight', 'blood autoantibody', 'ratio of the area occupied by cysts to the total area of the kidney', 'blood pressure time series linear term second order parameter', 'loin muscle depth', 'transitional one stage b-cell number', 'tunica vasculosa oculi morphology', 'ratio of maximum body weight loss to basal body weight', 'neuron lysosome area', 'cervicothoracic ganglion morphology', 'inferior colliculus morphology trait', 'milk whey protein content', 'pinna morphology', 'plasma anti-bovine type 2 collagen antibody', 'ethanol metabolism', 'statoconia morphology trait', 'brain type ii swd amplitude', 'milk fatty acid measurement', 'circulating noradrenaline level', 'total glomeruli', 'central nervous system glial cell morphology trait', 'olfactory bulb size', 'd-hair receptor morphology', 'choroid plexus', 'serum ace2 activity level', 'circulating interleukin-13', 'milk mineral', 'kidney glutathione level', 'serum anti-ssdna antibody', 'hypothalamus epinephrine amount', 'lymphocyte cell', 'blood angiotensin i level', 'corneal endothelium morphology', 'diaphragm size', 'lactation trait', 'clavicle cell number', 'e wave velocity', 'percentage of study population developing ventral prostate tumorous lesions during a period of time', 'snout', 'cochlear chamber', 'gland morphology trait', 'pallium morphology', 'tibia curved segment', 'chorioallantoic fusion trait', 'white adipose tissue weight to body weight ratio', 'follitropin secretion trait', 'ham external fat weight', 'malpighian pyramid morphology trait', 'reproductive system morphology trait', 'gain in body', 'kidney lipid peroxide', 'calculated blood vessel wall thickness measurement', 'total water plus quinine-water intake', 'serum hdl', 'calculated heart right ventricle morphological', 'mandible', 'inner ear neuroepithelium morphology trait', 'rib number', 'dressed carcass width', 'columnar layer morphology trait', 'alt activity', 'ventricle of diencephalon size', 'number of rearing movements in an experimental apparatus', 'response to xenobiotic stimulus trait', 'heart tube', 'gastric lesion', 'secretion by pituitary', 'systemic vascular resistance measurement (svr)', 'kidney paraoxonase 1 activity', 'transitional b cell morphology trait', 'subthalamic nucleus morphology', 'clonal anergy', 'perineum morphology trait', 'white blood cell number', 'fibula morphological measurement', 'plasma anti-dna antibody level', 'white blood cell mitogen-stimulated level of radioactive nucleoside incorporation', 'helper t cell count', 'mandibular nerve', 'blood glucose level area under curve (auc)', 'blood gamma-glutamyltransferase', 'udder cleft', 'slope of the change in mean arterial blood pressure', 'pelvic girdle morphology', 'compact bone thickness', 'gestation period duration', 'golgi organ morphology', 'alisphenoid bone morphology trait', 'milk linoleic acid concentration', 'temporalis muscle size trait', 'circulating t helper factor level', 'amygdala morphology', 'gastric lesion measurement', 'masseter muscle morphology', 'nipple shape trait', 'eye muscle morphology trait', 'circulating beta-interferon level', 'ileum crypt of lieberkuhn', 'urinary bladder dysfunction', 'hoof pigmentation trait', 'mature t cell morphology', 'number of unfertilized eggs recovered per round of so/ai', 'hepatocyte', 'adrenocorticotropin secretion trait', 'muscle fiber morphological measurement', 'igg3', 'maxillary palatial process morphology trait', 'response to parasitic infection trait', 'perirenal fat pad morphological measurement', 'enterocyte morphology trait', 'lacrimal system', 'fimbra hippocampus morphology trait', 'urine vma', 'testis rna composition measurement', 'hair cortex morphology', 'excretory system morphology', 'milk fatty acid c22:0', 'cd4 cell', 'endoderm development', 'malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor measurement', 'pancreatic islet insulin release', 'alveolar bone', 'kidney protein carbonyl level to total protein level ratio', 'cd4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte', 'vestibular hair cell stereocilia quantity', 'osteophage', 'lymphatic system development', 'post-insult time to onset of hsv encephalitis', 'cardiac shape', 'spermatozoa measurement', 'exocrine pancreas morphology', 'meat fatty acid c20:2 concentration', 'urine phosphate excretion rate', 'homeostasis trait', 'cd4-positive t cell morphology', 'thymus size', 'natural killer t lymphocyte morphology', 'percent change in ventilation', 'number of tunel-positivecells', 'ventral prostate gland wet', 'celiac lymph node morphology', 'facial motor nucleus morphology trait', 'milk stomatin', 'purkinje neuron', 'arterial blood gas measurement', 'pancreas insulin amount', 'serum igm-rheumatoid factor level normalized', 'muscle glycogen homeostasis trait', 'pancreatic islet molecular composition', 'thigh girth', 'calculated heart blood flow measurement', 'meat fatty acid c20:5 n-3 content', 'milk fatty acid trans-11,cis-15-c18:2', 'wool fiber diameter', 'lymph node germinal center', 'somatic nervous system', 'tetradecanoic acid', 'semicircular canal morphology', 'granulated metrial gland cell morphology trait', 'right atrial weight', 'circulating t-cell growth factor', 'pituitary gland hyperplasia', 'thymus epithelium', 'lung weight, dry/body weight', 'right ventricular weight', 'damaged glomeruli', 'sensation behavior', 'cytotoxic t cell count', 'milk fatty acid c14:0', 'milk fat composition', 'heart atrium morphological', 'heart left ventricle ribonucleic acid content', 'heart muscle contractility', 'orm', 'ear lobe size', 'seminal gland wet', 'cardiac ventricular morphology', 'milk fatty acid concentration', 'poorly differentiated malignant colorectal cancer prevalence', 'entocornea', 'spinal cord beta-2 microglobulin mrna', 'activated partial thromboplastin time', 'basilar bone', 'natural killer t-lymphocyte physiology trait', 'total food energy intake level', 'number of all cells in that exudate', 'congenital malformation incidence/prevalence', 'incisor bone morphology', 'skin chemistry', 'right ventricular size trait', 'blood vessel smooth muscle dilation trait', 'spinal cord anterior column cellular composition', 'female reproductive system physiology trait', 'inner ear development', 'bill morphology trait', 'tongue epithelium morphology trait', 'anterior horn cell number', 'vision trait', 'forced expired vital capacity', 'tissue weight of the proventriculus', 'eosinophil differentiation', 'toxoplasma gondii infection incidence/prevalence', 'tongue non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'sex gland morphology', 'inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion of the glossopharyngeal (ix) nerve morphology', 'tectum size trait', 'natural killer t-lymphocyte physiology', 'brain spike-and-wave discharge measurement', 'aspartate transaminase level', 'spleen weight to body weight ratio', 'intake volume of ethanol to total fluid intake volume ratio', 'blood r73 cell to total mononuclear cell ratio', 'uterus ribonucleic acid', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t-lymphocyte', 'retroperitoneal fat depot morphology', 'reticulocyte morphology trait', 'egg weight, fowl', 'cd4-negative, cd8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte', 'orbit symmetry', 'circulating corticotropin-releasing hormone level', 'placenta vascular morphology', 'extensor digitorum longus morphology trait', 'heart right ventricle morphological measurement', 'serum gsh level', 'dermis', 'brain total type ii spike-and-wave discharge duration', 'plasma phytosterol', 'brain type i spike-wave discharge severity grade', 'hind leg length', 'both kidneys wet weight as percentage of body weight', 'hind paw morphological', 'blood ck activity', 'basement membrane development', 'inflammatory exudate monocyte', 'cervical spinal cord dopamine', 'parietomastoid suture', 'mitral valve', 'inflammatory exudate protein measurement', 'subependymal layer morphology trait', 'mature b lymphocyte morphology', 'shank morphology', 'blood malondialdehyde level', 'lens vesicle development', 'milk amount', 'leukocyte proliferation trait', 'circulating dihydrotestosterone level', 'nervous system physiology measurement', 'sucrose intake volume to total fluid intake volume ratio', 'cardiac output amount', 'urine hemoglobin amount', 'heart interventricular wall morphology', 'kidney', 'virchow-hassall body morphology trait', 'blood island morphology', 'deep cortex morphology trait', 'forced vital capacity', 'plasma sodium', 'lamina vitrea morphology trait', 'vbmd', 'slope of constriction-induced renal vascular resistance curve', 'serum anti-type 2 collagen antibody level', 'muller fiber', 'colliculus size trait', 'purkinje fiber morphology trait', 'net feed efficiency', 'rump width', 'parasympathetic nervous system morphology', 'time spent running maximum distance on treadmill', 'dressed carcass muscle-to-fat ratio', 'pancreatic islet lesion composite score', 'hindlimb stylopod morphology', 'serum thyrotropin', 't lymphocyte development', 'calculated vocalisation', 'cd25(+) cell', 'circulating interleukin-12 p70 level', 'oropharynx', 'milk kappa-casein', 'grade 4 insulitis', 'urine 3-hydroxybutyrate', 'pulmonary gas exchange trait', 'blood cd8(+) cell count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'milk fatty acid trans-12,cis-14-c18:2', 'skin chloride level', 'residual milk volume trait', 'immunoglobulin', 'pituitary tumor diameter', 'hemoglobin absorbance', 'tegmentum morphology', 'blood vessel receptor-dependent maximum contractility', 'diencephalon cell number', 'orofacial morphology', 'uveal tract', 'milk btn', 'milk oleic acid concentration', 'deltoid eminence morphology', 'circulating growth hormone', 'islet of langerhans physiology trait', 'hematopoietic cell', 'calculated femur midshaft cross-sectional', 'ovarian hyperstimulation/artificial insemination measurement', 'the target  in an experimental apparatus', 'rearing', 'cochlear hair bundle morphology', 'inguinal canal integrity', 'saccharin intake volume to total saccharin and water intake volume ratio', 'serum renin activity level', 'b-1 b-cell morphology trait', 'involuntary body movement', 'fontana canal morphology trait', 'cardiac muscle cell morphology trait', 'hair down neuron', 'plasma unconjugated bilirubin', 'milk organoleptic', 'aorta capacity', 'adipose fatty acid c20:2 percentage', 't-cell receptor delta chain v(d)j recombination', 'exocoelomic cavity morphology trait', 'calculated blood hemoglobin a1c level', 'heart left atrium configuration trait', 'bone total energy absorbed before break', 'lowenberg scala morphology', 'splenic morphology', 'skeletal muscle volume', 'definitive hematopoiesis', 'liver granuloma severity measurement', 'behavioral response to novel environment trait', 'single suprarenal gland wet weight to body weight ratio', 'kidney integrity', 'colostrum growth factor concentration', 'meat myristoleic acid content', 'tibia midshaft endosteal cross-sectional', 'dn1 thymic pro-t-lymphocyte number', 'reflex trait', 'intestinal fat', 'interleukin-9 secretion trait', 'cervical squamous epithelum morphology trait', 'brain spike-wave activity measurement', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18:2 percentage', 'the number of zygotes/embryos lost postimplantation', 'corium morphology trait', 'serum urea nitrogen', 'pupil quantity', 'male reproductive organ weight', 'b-1a b-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'hymen development trait', 'nest-building behavior trait', 'liver phytosterol amount', 'tumor necrosis factor secretion', 'olfactory epithelium morphology trait', 'ca5(oh)(po4)3', 'early pro-b cell morphology trait', 'waist to hip ratio (whr)', 'blood magnesium amount', 't2 stage b cell morphology trait', 'vascular layer of the eyeball', 'pituitary gland hyperplastic lesion incidence/prevalence', 'heart left ventricle anf', 'stab neutrophil percentage', 'skull', 'postnatal growth', 'yoke bone morphology', 'meat oleic acid content', 'blood low density lipoprotein cholesterol level', 'sphenoid bone morphology trait', 'common lymphocyte progenitor morphology trait', 'skin potassium ion', 'heart left ventricle posterior wall', 'ethanol intake volume to total ethanol and water intake volume ratio', 'nasal mucous membrane', 'periodontal ligament', 'udder cleft morphology trait', 'otoconia', 'spleen ribonucleic acid composition measurement', 'blood alpha-fetoprotein amount', 'mature gamma-delta t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'chest morphology', 'external meatus morphology trait', 't helper 2 cell number', 'pancreas/salivary gland morphology trait', 'circulating aldosterone', 'chondrocyte', 'muscle thickness of the colon', 'plasma glutathione', 'both ears average of tympanic cavity epithelium', 'mammary gland tumorous lesion', 'onset of fertility', 'left kidney wet', 'meat nitrogen content', 'natural killer cell physiology trait', 'nucleotide metabolism trait', 'helper t-lymphocyte type 1', 'left lung wet weight', "rathke's pocket", 'cn-iii morphology', 'atrioventricular cushion morphology', 'female fecundity trait', 'milk pentadecanoic acid content', 'thymus trabecula morphology trait', 'cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta treg', 'ffa', 'pterygoid bone morphology trait', 'sensory perception', 'colonic aganglionosis incidence/prevalence', 'final total body weight', 'experimental diabetes mellitus prevalence', 'lymphocyte morphology', 'nail shape trait', 'secondary neuromuscular spindle size', 'lumbar vertebra morphological measurement', 'fear-related behavior trait', 'stapes footplate morphology trait', 'thymus cmz morphology', 'bv', 'gastrointestinal system morphology trait', 'helper t cell type 2 function', 'ventricle contraction', 'squama temporalis morphology', 'afferent glomerular arteriolar resistance', 'fontana canal', 'il-12p40 secretion', 'plasma gpt activity level', 'gastric mucosa morphology', 'oval corpuscle size trait', 'lung weight, dry/body', 'adrenaline secretion', 'circulating estrogen', 'calculated hepatic malondialdehyde level', 'corpora quadrigemina organization trait', 'both seminal vesicles wet weight', 'egg size', 'response to fungal infection trait', 'heart muscle cell morphology', 'circulating cortisol level', 'stomach weight', 'kidney calyx', 'circulating il-18 level', 'il-12p35 secretion', 'malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor onset/diagnosis', 'phagocyte morphology', 'total ventral prostate area', 'blood lca t4 t cell', 'heart weight', 'tissue hormone composition', 'epiphysis', 'serum rat anti-self type 2 collagen antibody titer', 'lambdoidal suture morphology trait', 'tibia size', 'lymphocyte proliferation', 'phenylephrine-induced blood vessel contractile force expressed', 'single kidney dry', 'hind limb morphological', 'percent change in rsna', 'interleukin-2 activity', 'salivary gland morphology', 'serum angiotensin ii', 'chemokine', 'plasma creatine kinase activity', 'posterior stroma morphology', 'total plasma calcium level', 'serum type i collagen c-terminal telopeptide level', 'albumin', 'l5 sympathetic ganglia', 'interleukin-3 secretion', 'heart left ventricle end-systolic diameter', 'orosomucoid 1 amount', 'interleukin-12p35 secretion', 'stratum reticulare corii morphology', 'blood lipoprotein measurement', 'vermal pyramis morphology', 'muscle ribonucleic acid composition', 'neutrophilic leukocyte morphology trait', 'circulating il-12p35 level', 'reticulorumen epithelium thickness', 'uvea morphology trait', 'lumen diameter at maximum constriction expressed as percent of baseline', 'level', 'blood sulfate', 'nk cell', 'kidney collecting duct', 'blood retinol level', 'posterior limiting layer of cornea morphology', 'colorectal neoplasm number', 'immune system organ development trait', 'benign colorectal cancer prevalence', 'ribeye', 'diabetes mellitus onset/diagnosis', 'cutaneous/subcutaneous mechanoreceptor', 'adipose tissue amount', 'metabolism', 'egg white measurement, fowl', 'hypothalamus hva amount', 'urine phosphate', 'heart right ventricle ribonucleic acid', 'total vertebra quantity', 'milk tridecylic acid content', 'percent change in packed red blood cell volume', 'intramembranous ossification initiation trait', 'serum igm-rheumatoid factor', 'heart left ventricle anterior wall thickness', 'serum orosomucoid 1', 'liver morphology trait', 'phrenic nerve', 'kidney lipid peroxidation', 'cd4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology', 'calculated blood cd4 cell count', 'circulating estrogen level', 'labyrinthus vestibularis', 'calculated heart weight', 'calculated weight of islet beta cells in the tail region of pancreas', 'cardiac atrium morphology', 'endolymphatic duct morphology trait', 'aorta wall extracellular elastin dry weight to aorta wall extracellular collagen weight ratio', 'gmg cell morphology', 'vertebrate trait', 'pancreatic delta cell morphology trait', 'lymphatic system morphological measurement', 'colostrum hormone', 'glial cell morphology', 'plasma pyruvate level', 'ciliary body morphology trait', 'plasma uric acid', 'blood idl phospholipid level', 'granulocyte morphology', 'milk fatty acid c18:0 percentage', 'blood androstenedione level', 'urine total protein', 'gonadal fat depot', 'fallopian tube morphology', 'cerebrovascular system morphology', 'suppressor t lymphocyte morphology', 'urothelium morphology trait', "henle's loop", 'ru 49637 secretion', 'drum membrane', 'plasma anti-porcine type 2 collagen antibody', 'plasma igm', 'tooth primordium development', 'blood interleukin-16', 'b1a cell morphology trait', 'hippocampal development trait', 'ureteric bud morphology trait', 'rsna', 'maximal aerobic capacity', 'induced arthritis incidence', 'size of newly born offspring', 'body posture trait', 'left atrium volume', 'ligamentum spirale cochleae morphology trait', 'auditory vesicle cell', 'meat composition trait', 'posterior limiting layer of cornea morphology trait', 'drink calorie intake level to body weight gain ratio', 'ependyma morphology', 'zygoma morphology trait', 'adipocyte basal free fatty acid release', 'secondary lens fiber morphology', 'inferior olivary nucleus', 'blood nh2-terminal nppb', 'milk fatty acid c9:0', 'blood peptide hormone level', 'abnormal sperm', 'il-9 secretion', 'artery molecular composition', 'respiratory alveolar epithelial cell morphology trait', 'ischial bone morphology', 'wrisberg ganglia', 'milk prolactin amount', 'blood mineralcorticoid amount', 'pineal body', 'lipoxin a4', 'blood intermediate density lipoprotein cholesterol amount', 'heart ventricle papillary muscle morphology trait', 'lymphopoietic system', 'lymph node primary follicle', 'blood paracetamol', 'total femoral neck cross-sectional', 'ear size trait', 'carotid body', 'ratio of change in body weight to total basal body weight', 'transitional one stage b-cell morphology trait', 'nkt cell number', 'taste sensitivity trait', 'single adrenal gland wet weight as percentage of body', 'blood coagulation measurement', 'tibiofibular fusion cortical bone endosteal cross-sectional area', 'number of non-tongue squamous cell tumors of the head and neck', 'blood vessel smooth muscle dilation', 'pulmonary alveolus epithelial cell morphology', 'milk thrombospondin receptor concentration', 'uterine lumen morphology', 'fructose absorption trait', 'heart muscle cell morphological', 'adipocyte free fatty acid release measurement', 'blood eosinophil count', 'angiotensin 2 log half maximal effective concentration', 'interleukin-12 p70 secretion', 'calculated endo-diastolic volume', 'blood nk cell count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'circulating anti-single stranded dna antibody', 'strial vascular', 'dn2 immature t cell number', 'bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue', 'blood cd25 lymphocyte count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'well differentiated malignant colorectal neoplasm surface area measurement', 'serum iga', 'drinking behavior trait', 'supplementary motor/speech area', 'unidentified leukocyte', 'deep cell morphology', 'serotonergic neuron morphology trait', 'bone morphological measurement', 'ischium', 'measurement of freeze behavior', 'hind feet phalanges count', 'meat skatole content', 'chronic experimental arthritis incidence', 't lymphocyte morphology trait', 'intestinal adipose', 'heart effluent lactate dehydrogenase activity level normalized to heart weight', 'cd4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t lymphocyte', 'tectorial membrane size trait', 'drink calorie intake', 'kidney 20-hete', 'kidney medulla protein', 'thymus corticomedullary zone morphology', 'heart right ventricle anterior wall thickness', 'cochlear hair cell stereocilia size trait', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic t-cell morphology trait', 'trigeminal motor nucleus size trait', 'blood differential wbc', 'hair growth', 'tibio-fibular complex cross-sectional', 'ovary diameter', 'serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity', 'retinal ganglion layer', 'interleukin', 'heart left ventricle relative wall', 'milk urea nitrogen yield', 'superior colliculus morphology', 'osteocyte morphology', 'capillary', 'oocyte', 'lymphoid system development trait', 'digit number', 'cardiac molecular composition', 'superior vena cava morphology trait', 'total food calorie intake level', 'ventricular papillary muscle morphology', 'milk fatty acid trans-8,trans-10-c18', 'supramarginal gyrus', 'patella morphology trait', 'calculated spinal cord ventral horn area measurement', 'diaphragm morphology trait', 'epididymal fat pad weight to tibia length ratio', 'malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 'natural killer t cell morphology', 'alveolocapillary membrane morphology', 'brain weight as percentage of body weight', 'peripheral nervous system glial cell', 'immature b cell morphology trait', 'nervous system tract morphology', 'cerebral infarction', 'erythrocyte size trait', 'body weight to body length (nose to tail) ratio', 'milk fatty acid trans-10-c18:1 percentage', 'cognitive behavior trait', 'hepatic mineral measurement', 'calculated heart right ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content', 'zygomatic bone morphology', 'eae onset/diagnosis measurement', 'cerebral cortex pyramidal cell', 'udder circumference', 'percentage of study population displaying acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis at a point in time', 'anti-insulin autoantibody', 'respiratory circulation', 'plasma ldh activity level', 'calculated heart left ventricle end-systolic posterior wall thickness', 'amniotic fold morphology', 'alanine transaminase level', 'parasympathetic postganglionic fiber', 'sublingual salivary gland cholinergic nerve fiber quantity', 'bone marrow cavity development', 'kcl response/sensitivity measurement', 'heart left ventricle interstitial angiotensin ii', 'cns synaptic transmission trait', 'platelet distribution width', 'cholesterol homeostasis', 'colorectal adenocarcinoma surface area measurement', 'diaphragm thickness', 'thrombopoiesis trait', 'stomach tumor susceptibility score', 'eda', 'secondary muscle spindle size trait', 'milk fat measurement', 'lymphocyte quantity', 'mammary alveoli volume', 'circulating cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor level', 'tactile sensory behavior trait', 'serum total igg', 'nonolfactory cortex morphology trait', 'stapes size', 'milk fat amount', 'eosinophil granulocyte', 'calculated urine creatinine level', 'lumbar vertebra cortical cross-sectional', 'aorta elastin', 'lymph flow', 'calculated epididymal fat pad', 'brain type i spike-and-wave discharge rate', 'blood cd8(+) cell', 'serum anti-double-stranded dna antibody level', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'blood agp', 'polymorphonuclear leukocyte morphology', 'renal medulla measurement', 'cholesterol homeostasis trait', 'abdominal fat morphological measurement', 'adipose fatty acid c18:3 n-3 percentage', 'food intake weight to gain in body weight ratio', 'base excess', 'urine adrenaline level', 'ossification trait', 'subarcuate fossa', 'stratum reticulare cutis morphology', 'adipocyte non-esterified fatty acid release measurement', 'right major bronchus', 'calculated food intake volume', 'glottis morphology', 'serum cholesterol', 'taste papillae', 'lymph organ development trait', 'colon length', 'fdc network', 'mid-tibia', 'maximum diameter of squamous cell tumors of the tongue', 'serum alanine aminotransferase activity', 'percentage of study population displaying stomach tumors at a point in time', 'stomach tumor incidence', 'tail bud morphology', 'accessory nerve morphology trait', 'blood hemoglobin a1c level', 'calculated liver tumorous lesion area', 'erythrocyte measurement', 'back leg length', 'spleen marginal zone macrophage', 'mullerian duct morphology', 'calculated liver', 'stria vascularis ductus cochlearis morphology trait', 'av bundle morphology trait', 'brain lipid measurement', 'stripping milk volume trait', 'uterine wet', 'circulating il3', 'sternum shape', 'clavicle', 'taste bud', 'circulating il21 level', 'heart ace2 activity level', 'malignant hepatic tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 'bile duct morphology trait', 'belly size', 'meat fatty acid trans-15-c18', 'serum prolactin level', 'myocardium compact layer morphology trait', 'squamo-parietal suture', 'serum calcium', 'interleukin-10 physiology', 'calculated heart left ventricle end-systolic posterior wall', 'milk fatty acid c22:6 n-3 concentration', 'adipocyte maximal free fatty acid release', 'blood lipoprotein cholesterol', 'labyrinthus vestibularis morphology', 'calculated neuron vacuole area measurement', 'rib thickness', 'fin morphology trait', 'bone mineralization', 'kidney glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity', 'experimental allergic neuritis incidence', 'cd8+ cell', 'digit morphology trait', 'serum angiotensin i converting enzyme activity level', 'cardiac muscle morphology trait', 'blood creatinine level', 'fat androstenone level', 'calculated differential white blood cell count', 'circulating hematopoietin-1 level', 'serum chylomicron', 'basisphenoid morphology trait', 'blood very low density lipoprotein specific apolipoprotein b level', 'helper t-cell type 2 cell number', 'pulmonary artery morphology', 'change in mean arterial blood pressure to change in vasoactive chemical dose ratio', 'eye', 'methamphetamine', 'neutrophil count as percentage of total white blood cells', 'milk arachidonic acid content', 'response to methylenedioxymethamphetamine', 'ean composite score', 'mammary alveoli epithelial cell', 'perivascular macrophage morphology', 'tibia midshaft cross-sectional area', 'pancreatic physiology', 'strial marginal cell morphology', 'uterine nk cell number', 'belly fat', 'b1 cell morphology', 'skin (k+ + na+)', 'vertebral column morphology', 'hepatic tumorous lesion area measurement', 'fecal parasite oocyst', 'brain function', 'colon morphology trait', 'adipose eicosadienoic acid', 'lymphocyte count as percentage of total white blood cells', 'pulsatile insulin release periodicity measurement', 'axial mesoderm development trait', 'ventral thalamus morphology trait', 'periotic capsule', 'respiratory transport trait', 'gamete', 'spleen development trait', 'blood growth hormone level', 'comb size trait', 'lymph node trabecula morphology trait', 'percent change in food intake weight', 'foliate papillae morphology trait', 'milk trans fatty acid', 'chronic pancreatitis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'corticobulbar tract morphology', 'muscle lactate', 'benign colorectal neoplasm number', 'organ non-tumorous lesion', 'helper t cell type 2 cell number', 'iris stroma morphology', 'milk retinol concentration', 'blood ggt amount', 'pharynx morphology', 'testes development', 'tricuspid valve configuration trait', 'spinal cord b2m mrna', 'milk fatty acid trans-11,trans-15-c18', 'nasal cavity morphology', 'glia morphology', 'blood interleukin-12', 'nesting behavior', 'band neutrophil granulocyte percentage', 'calculated liver propanedial level', 'glycolytic potential', 'minimum weekly bisphenol a in fructose drink intake rate', 'brain ventricle', 'retinal outer nuclear layer morphology trait', 'renal sympathetic nerve activity', 'b-cell number', 'percentage of study population developing bilateral renal agenesis during a period of time', 'inguinal canal integrity trait', 'vibrissae density', 'blood immunoglobulin a', 'circulating creatine kinase level', 'tibia midshaft cortex cross-sectional', 'interneuron morphology trait', 'placental vascular morphology trait', 'white fat cell morphology trait', 'middle ear bone morphology trait', 'tibialis anterior', 'artery molecular composition trait', 'heart atrium appendage', 'serum levels of tsh', 'renal arterial blood flow rate', 'epidermis stratum spinosum', 'meat fatty acid cis-6,9,12-c18', 'subcutaneous fat weight', 'lumbar vertebral cortical cross-sectional area', 'regulatory t cell physiology trait', 'sarcoplasmic reticulum', 'bone development', 'caudal ganglionic eminence', 'percentage of study population displaying bilateral testis tumors at a point in time', 'lumbar vertebra trabecular bone cross-sectional area', 'pulmonary elastic fiber morphology trait', 'serum iga level', 'circulating il18', 'neuron specification trait', 'plasma anti-rat type ii collagen autoantibody', 'primitive erythrocyte', 'spinal cord b2m protein', 'round window morphology', 'testis molecular composition trait', "meissner's corpuscle morphology trait", 't cell clonal deletion trait', 'brain type i spike-wave discharge amplitude', 'cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'cerebellum foliation', 't-cell physiology trait', 'atrial septum morphology', 'cardiovascular system development', 'pectoralis minor', 'blood idl phospholipid amount', 'er-tr9 positive cell', 'major salivary gland', 'th1 cell to th2 cell ratio', 'cell organelle measurement', 'egg white', 'calculated blood pressure', 'neointimal hyperplasia', 'neurilemmoma incidence/prevalence measurement', 'proximal-distal axis patterning', 'alisphenoid morphology trait', 'complement classical pathway function', 'hind foot morphological', 'respiratory conducting tube morphology', 'spinal cord cellular composition measurement', 'calculated liver fibrosis area', 'plasma ctx', 'drumstick composition', 'blood malondialdehyde amount', 'spinal tissue protein/peptide composition', 'neurilemmoma onset/diagnosis measurement', 'nk t-cell morphology trait', 'spleen central arteriole', 'back conformation trait', 'cecum morphology', 'shoulder blade morphology trait', 'blood gas amount', 'kidney cell', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,cis-11-c18:2 concentration', 'heterospecific interaction', 'nociception system trait', 'one epididymidis wet', 'dc1 morphology trait', 'cochlear ohc physiology trait', 'retina', 'glomeruli', 'stomach integrity trait', 'endometrial tumor', 'circulating interleukin-3 level', 'meat iron content', 'heart tube orientation', 'il13 secretion', 'tn2 cell', 'bulbourethral gland size', 'afferent lymphatic vessel morphology', 'gustatory system physiology', 'immune system organ morphology trait', 'aorta wall phosphylated enos level to total enos level ratio', 'reduced pro-b cell', 'labia minora shape', 'pulmonary artery (pa) blood pressure', 'chorioallantoic fusion', 'venous blood flow', 'absolute change in tilted plane angle at loss of balance/traction', 'blood chloride level', 'leukemia incidence/prevalence measurement', 'heart right ventricle morphology', 'urine amino acid amount', 'fast-slope measurement of drug-induced contraction', 'blood osteocalcin amount', 'shank mass', 'slope measurement of phenylephrine-induced contraction', 'balt morphology trait', 'absolute change in urine 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid excretion rate', 'total calorie intake level', 'neointimal hyperplasia area of artery', 'rear udder width', 'islet of langerhans non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'infarction size', 'blood vessel development trait', 'milk energy yield', 'femur midshaft cortex cross-sectional', 'benign colorectal tumor count', 'testis tumor', 'kidney 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid level', 'milk fatty acid trans-5-c18:1', 'capillary permeability trait', 'bulbuorethral gland ductal cell', 'mast cell morphology trait', 'calculated testis weight', 'time of eyelid opening', 'brain sitosterol', 'plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase activity', 'liver lipid', 'disease demographics', 'epidermis stratum corneum morphology trait', 'circulating gamma-ifn level', 'blood rt6.2 cell count', 'saccharin drink intake rate', 'gestation length', 'stria vascularis melanocyte morphology trait', 'diabetes mellitus incidence/prevalence', 'thermoreceptor morphology', 'neural tube morphology/development', 'blood amylase', 'plasma e. coli specific antibody level change, post challenge', 'calculated plasma aldosterone level', 'hindlimb length', 'islet of langerhans damage composite score', 'tcr alpha/beta positive cell', 'exoccipital bone morphology', 't-cell lymphoma incidence', 'survival', 'blood alpha-fetoprotein', 'serum levels of gametokinetic hormone', 'gall bladder size trait', 'blood fructosamine amount', 'nostril', 'plasma lactate level', 'intramuscular fat cell count to skeletal muscle volume ratio', 'parotid salivary gland cholinergic nerve fiber organization', 'pulmonary elastic fiber', 'laryngeal muscle morphology trait', 'perirenal fat pad morphology trait', 'utricle', 'cholesterol', 'milk organoleptic trait', 'adipose fatty acid c14:0 percentage', 'mesencephalon morphology trait', 'milk triglyceride concentration', 'heart right ventricle wall thickness', 'velum palatinum morphology', 'iga level', 'total area of tumors in a single liver', 'blood troponin', 'foreskin size', 'virus infection incidence/prevalence', 'brain total swd duration', 'heart ventricle septum', 'extraembryonic tissue morphology trait', 'nervous system cell', 'iris stromal pigmentation trait', 'epscs', 'conspecific interaction', 'circulating thymocyte stimulating factor level', 'utricular spot', 'pancreas morphology', 'cd25+ cell count', 'milk fatty acid trans-8,cis-10-c18', 'secretion by sex gland trait', 'serum pyruvate', 'femoral fat pad morphology', 'zygomatic arch morphology', 'absolute change in adipocyte nefa secretion', 'lens fiber', 'cranial vault morphology', 'liver copper weight to liver weight ratio', 'comb', 'well differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma surface area', 'limbus spiralis morphology', 'female reproductive system physiology', 'calculated spermatozoa', 'height of the villi of the duodenum', 'liver rna composition', 'heart left atrium mass', 'interleukin-12 secretion', 'iris stromal pigmentation', 'skeleton morphological', 'eyeball orientation trait', 'heart right atrium size trait', 'total number of cells', 'golgi tendon organ morphology trait', 'calculated serum glucose level', 'plasma anti-rat type 2 collagen antibody level', 'comb height', 'interferon-alpha secretion', 'retinal neuronal layer', 'white lipocyte lipid droplet size', 'anterior cerebral artery lumen diameter', 'lateral semicircular canal', 'calculated pancreas weight', 't-helper 1 cell', 'both suprarenal glands weight', 'change in renal blood flow rate', 'blood activated t lymphocyte count', 'pyramis of cerebellum', 'iridocorneal angle', 'retinal photoreceptor layer morphology trait', 'thymus cmz morphology trait', 'uterus wet weight as percentage of body weight', 'heart electrical impulse generation trait', 'skin chloride ion level', 'osteoplast formation', 'tail development trait', 'right atrial size', 'reissner membrane morphology', 'immune system organ size', 'dc2 cell morphology trait', 'heart left ventricle relative wall thickness', 'skin potassium level to skin water level ratio', 'rod electrophysiology trait', 'parametrial fat pad morphology trait', 'urine vma level', 'gizzard capacity', 'egg color trait', 'hypaxial muscle', 'kidney gsr activity to total protein level ratio', 'head length', 'head size trait', 'laryngeal mucosa morphology', 'gluteus medius mass', 'lymph node weight', 'plasmacytoid monocyte morphology', 'mch', 'central nervous system measurement', 'spinal column morphology trait', 'inflammatory exudate total protein', 'aorta smooth muscle cell count per unit vessel length', 'colostrum immunoglobulin a', 'life span trait', 'adipose fatty acid c18:0 content', 'total heart ventricle morphology trait', 'spinal cord anterior horn morphological measurement', 'skeletal muscle mass', 'calculated renal protein composition measurement', 'heart', 'mature gamma-delta t-lymphocyte number', 'adipocyte glucose uptake measurement', 'metaphysis', 'tongue measurement', 'cochlear canal size', 'exercise endurance', 'brown fat amount', 'colostrum leptin content', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma incidence/prevalence measurement', 'ctl', 'hse prevalence', 'tail morphological', 'calculated leukocyte', 'epidermis stratum lucidum morphology', 'poorly differentiated malignant colorectal tumor incidence', 'drink energy intake level to change in body weight ratio', 'cranial base morphology trait', 'tidal volume', 'esophageal epithelium morphology trait', 'subcutaneous adipose weight', 'esophagus length', 'circulating b-cell growth factor-1', 'cholinergic system', 't cell activation', 'atrial septum morphology trait', 'serum osteocalcin level', 'muscle skatole', 'osteophage morphology', 'plasma immunoglobulin', 'aggression-related behavior', 'otic vesicle', 'plasma immunoglobulin g2c amount', 'sclerotica', 'blood pressure time series calculated parameter', 'lacrimal gland cholinergic nerve fiber organization', "merkel's receptor morphology", 'eye muscle development trait', 'free cortisol', 'plasma glutathione peroxidase activity', 'lymphocyte differentiation', 'depolarization', 'circulating colony-stimulating factor 2 alpha', 'receiving feather pecking', 'blood peptide hormone', 'alkaline phosphatase level', 'facial nerve morphology', 'nail morphology trait', 'glomerular epithelial cell', 'central t cell anergy trait', 'milk lauroleic acid', 'rhinencephalon morphology trait', 'plasma vldl-cholesterol calculated as non-hdl, non-ldl cholesterol', 'calculated prostate tumorous lesion area', 'cerebellar posterior vermis morphology trait', 'langerhams cell number', 'count of superficial glomeruli directly contacting the kidney surface', 'change in antibody titer', 'neural plate morphology trait', 'milk ionic calcium concentration', 'gamma-delta t-lymphocyte differentiation', 'alveolar body morphology trait', 'experimental autoimmune uveitis composite score', 'leukocyte adhesion trait', 'tnf-alpha physiology', 'blood ethanol level at regain of balance/traction', 'blood flow measurement', 'astrocyte morphology', 'sympathetic neuron innervation pattern trait', 'number of pre-b cells', 'connective tissue morphology', 'brain width', 'c-reactive protein amount', 'accumbens nucleus morphology', 'maxilla morphology trait', 'shoulder mass', 'absolute change in body temperature', 'backfat', 'dermatome morphology', 'leukocyte migration trait', 'blood alcohol level at regain of the righting reflex', 'longissimus dorsi width', 'right atrium volume', 'atrioventricular valve morphology', 'total plasma calcium', 'blood dopamine level', 'blood lipoprotein', 'hippocampus physiology trait', 'dark adaptation trait', 'the total area of the kidney', 'blood albumin level', 'appendage physiology', 'calculated plasma insulin', 'cochlear hair bundle ankle links morphology', 'disease population measurement', 'kidney vascular resistance', 'neutrophil cell', 'heart left ventricle end-diastolic', 'femoral energy to break', 'type ii cell', 'primary sex determination', 'ldl-c', 'meat color yellowness', 'circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha level', 'ham muscle weight', 'heart apex orientation', 'skin adnexa development trait', 'blood reduced glutathione level', 'anti-double-stranded dna antibody concentration', 'hindlimb muscle', 'glycosylated serum protein', 'iliac bone morphology trait', 'pancreas/salivary gland physiology', 'digestive function', 'heart right ventricle insulin-like growth factor 1 mrna', 'arm incidence/prevalence measurement', 'sertoli cell', 'vertebra cross-sectional area', 'muscle fatty acid c18:0 percentage', 'malar process morphology trait', 'forebrain development', 'rbc count', 'sclerotic glomerulus count', 'aortic wall protein/peptide composition measurement', 'stroke measurement', 'intramuscular adipocyte', 'kidney angiotensin i converting enzyme activity', 'tricuspid valve morphology', 'mucosecretion', 'vestibular canal', 'subcutaneous adipose thickness', 'milk fatty acid trans-11,cis-15-c18:2 percentage', 'skin potassium level plus skin sodium level to skin water level ratio', 'cardiac muscle fiber morphological', 'prostate tumorous lesion number', 'arm prevalence', 'meatus auditorius internus morphology', 'pancreas weight to tibia length', 'marbling', 'renal vascular resistance', 'meat fatty acid trans-11-c18:1', 'heart right atrium size', 'total spinal cord ventral horn', 'neuronal cytoplasm measurement', 'middle ear ossicle size', 'kidney superoxide dismutase activity to total protein level ratio', 'ethanol disappearance rate', 'parametrial fat depot morphology trait', 'blood monocyte count', 'taste intensity', 'self harm', 'percentage of study population developing experimental diabetes mellitus during a period of time', 'brain beta-sitosterol amount', 'skin electrolyte measurement', 'intraepithelial lymphocyte', 'stripping milk volume', 'somatic motor system morphology trait', 'hippocampus projection neuron number', 'percentage of study population displaying malignant hepatic tumors at a point in time', 'maximum rate of positive change in left ventricular blood pressure', 'testis ribonucleic acid amount', 'milk soluble calcium concentration', 'mammary alveoli size trait', 'serum gsh-px activity', 'blood cd45rclow cd4+ t cell count', 'plasma carboxyhaemoglobin', 'eye pigmentation', 'dressed carcass composition', 'b cell development', 'epidermis cell quantity', 'limb muscle morphology trait', 'energy metabolism', 'bmi using body length, nose to rump', 'activated clotting time (act)', 'tilted plane angle at loss of balance/traction', 'tonsil morphology', 'plasma albumin to plasma total protein ratio', 'astrocyte', 'cochlear chamber morphology trait', 'cochlear inner hair cell afferent nerve fiber organization', 'milk fatty acid trans-8,cis-10-c18:2 concentration', 'plasma anti-bovine type 2 collagen antibody titer', 'helper t lymphocyte type 2', 'milk alpha-lactalbumin', 'gland function', 'inner medullary pyramid size trait', 'circulating b-cell stimulatory factor 1', 'lumbar vertebra substantia spongiosa cross-sectional area', 'body fat', 'lipocyte', 'aorta wall phosphylated enos', 'optic nerve fiber quantity', 'cochlear frequency tuning', 'tibia/fibula cross-sectional area', 'blood cd8 cell count', 'pancreatic insulin', 'lifespan', 'plasma gsh', 'milk omega-6 fatty acid', 'feather development trait', 'femur toughness measurement', 'normoblast', 'thymus integrity trait', 'angiotensin ii half maximal effective concentration (ec50)', 'milk fatty acid c8:0 concentration', 'milk cis-11-octadecenoic acid', 'nervous system development', 'spleen germinal center size trait', 'heart wet weight as a percentage of body', 'lateral septum size trait', 'kidney trpv4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratio', 'adipose fatty acid c20', 'tibia total energy absorbed before break', 'bronchial epithelial cell quantity', 'lymphocytic corona morphology', 'prostate gland weight', 'meat saturated fatty acid content', 'eye muscle depth', 'liver propanedial level', 'blood vessel resistance', 'circulating eosinophil-mast cell growth-factor level', 'mammary gland morphological measurement', 'back leg morphological measurement', 'kph fat', 'cd8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t-cell morphology', 'blood low-lca t4 t cell', 'hindlimb muscle morphology trait', 'eosinophilic leucocyte physiology', 'first movement outside a discrete space in a an experimental apparatus following a stimulus', 'optic disc', 'secretion by adrenal gland trait', 'taste sensitivity', 'lymphoma incidence/prevalence measurement', 'single ear average of tympanic cavity epithelium', 'vertebra force at failure', 'white blood cell', 'percentage of study population developing myeloid leukemia during a period of time', 'milk lauric acid concentration', 'calculated heart right atrium morphological measurement', 'fourth ventricle size', 'meat fatty acid c16:0 concentration', 'white blood cell morphology trait', "reichert's cartilage development", 'femoral metaphysis anteroposterior diameter', 'aag', 'sensorineural hearing function', 'interleukin-10 secretion', 'adipose fatty acid trans-11-c18:1 content', 'skin chemistry measurement', 'long lived plasma cell morphology trait', 'lymphoma onset/diagnosis measurement', 'digit quantity', 'mpnst onset/diagnosis measurement', 'purkinje neuron morphology', 'surface glomeruli count', 'cranial ganglion vii', 'plasma prl', 'cranial ganglion x morphology trait', 'sympathetic nervous system physiology', 'transendothelial leukocyte migration', 'hematopoietic system physiology', 'blood vldl level', 'ileum glandular crypt depth', 'cerebrospinal fluid production', 'calculated litter size', 'spleen follicular dendritic cell network morphology', 'serum orosomucoid 1 level', 'ovarian follicle physiology', 'basilar membrane', 'corpora quadrigemina', 'emission behavior trait', 'calculated skin electrolyte measurement', 'activated t cell', 'renal tubular degeneration incidence', 'medullary pyramid morphology trait', 'ratio of the count of inflammatory cell-infiltrated pancreatic islets with b cell pathology to the total pancreatic islet count', 'skin (potassium plus sodium)', 'right uterine horn', 'erythroblast quantity', 'urine acetoacetone', 'vestibular ganglion size', 'cardiac free fatty acid', 'lateral semicircular canal size trait', 'placenta labyrinth morphology trait', 'artery wall thickness', 'herpes simplex encephalitis incidence/prevalence', 'blood apolipoprotein ai', 'duodenum villi length', 'circulating phosphate', 'granulopoiesis', 'interparietal bone', 'bundle of his morphology trait', 'gamma-delta t-lymphocyte morphology', 'nasal bone', 'squamal-parietal suture morphology trait', 'type iii spiral ligament fibrocyte morphology trait', 'esophageal epithelium', 'stomach mass', 'vascular endothelial cell', 'renal plasma flow rate', 'tooth hard tissue morphology trait', 'olfactory receptor protein', "reissner's membrane morphology trait", 'lymphatic system physiology', 'sa node morphology', 'intramuscular fat cell count', 'hepatobiliary system morphology', 'cholinergic neuron morphology trait', 'body fat morphological measurement', 'circulating cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated antigen 8', 'number of zygotes/embryos lost postimplantation', 'calculated food intake volume measurement', 'vertebral cross-sectional', 'auricle of atrium morphology', 'meninges', 'an arbitrary reference serum', 'adipocyte nefa secretion', 'alveolar-capillary membrane', 'calculated plasma albumin level', 'arterial blood flow', 'brain tumorous lesion measurement', 'radius cell number', 'bone physiological measurement', 'medial ganglionic eminence morphology trait', 'milk linolenic acid', 'interleukin physiology', 'serum ggtp activity level', 'gluteus medius muscle weight', 'plasma ldl', 'elaidic acid content', 'complement physiology trait', 'lateral geniculate nucleus', 'single lung dry', 'cued fear conditioning behavior trait', 'lactose yield', 'glomerular capillary plasma flow rate', 'serum levels of lactotropin', 'meat polyunsaturated fatty acid', 'auditory cortex', 'lacrimal gland cholinergic innervation pattern', 'blood high density lipoprotein phospholipid', 'ventral striatum morphology', 'heart tube morphology trait', 'gastric tumor measurement', 'purkinje cell number', 'unidentified leukocyte percentage', 'whole body subcutaneous fat volume', 'glomerulosclerosis composite score', 'plasma immunoglobulin a', 'physical strength', 'prechordal plate morphology trait', 'endocrine pancreas morphology trait', 'gizzard morphology trait', 'l4 sympathetic ganglion morphology trait', 'kidney wet', 'cardiac atrial', 'muscle palmitic acid concentration', 'eosinophil-mast cell growth-factor secretion', 'joint morphology trait', 'colorectal adenocarcinoma incidence', 'iodide oxidation', 'onset of ear emergence', 'cortical marginal zone morphology', 'lymph physiology', 'thyroid gland cell number', 'embryonic epiblast', 'femur strength', 'calculated brain', 't-cell lymphoma incidence/prevalence', 'cardiomyocyte morphology', 'tei-doppler index', 'calculated heart left ventricle infarction', 'serum anti-single-stranded dna antibody', 'basioccipital bone morphology', 'kidney medulla protein measurement', 'langerhans cell quantity', 'th2 cell function', 'ventricle contraction measurement', 'cerebral aqueduct', 'barrel cortex morphology trait', 'lymph gland', 'aortic arch configuration trait', 'mature gamma-delta t-cell morphology trait', 'slow-slope measurement of chemical-induced contraction', 'vascular elastic tissue', 'plasma angiotensin i', 'myelencephalon morphology trait', 'mucosa thickness of the ileum', 'inflammatory exudate no level', 'response to morphine trait', 'vagina morphology trait', 'blood orosomucoid 1 level', 'blood free fatty acids level', 'corpus luteum morphology', 'spleen follicular dendritic cell network', 't cell development', 'liver reduced glutathione', 'prepuce', 't-helper 1 physiology', 'coronary artery integrity trait', 'adipocyte circumference', 'serum osteocalcin', 'total basal body', 'cochlear outer hair cell afferent innervation morphology', 'plasma androstenedione', 'tarsometatarsus morphology trait', 'posterior stroma', 'circulating lymphocyte-activating factor', 'thymus rna composition', 'blood r73 cell count', 'serum amyloid a protein physiology trait', 'orofacial', 'aortic elastic fiber composition', 'jejunum crypt of lieberkuhn width', 'muscle triglyceride amount', 'inner hair cell stereociliary bundle morphology trait', 'head morphological', 'cd8+ t cell physiology trait', 'cd8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'adipose fatty acid cis-9-c18:1', 'thymus cortex morphology trait', 'spinal cord beta-2 microglobulin mrna level', 'blood angiotensin i converting enzyme activity', 'neonatal death of offspring shortly after birth as percentage of total litter', 'anti-nuclear antigen antibody concentration', 'cerebellar cortex morphology trait', 'skeletal muscle fiber morphology', 'regulatory t lymphocyte', 'retroperitoneal fat pad weight as percentage of body weight', 'back fat morphological measurement', 'prefrontal gyrus morphology trait', 'lamina basilaris ductus cochlearis morphology', 'gaba-mediated receptor current', 'jugular ganglion', 'ear orientation trait', 'tooth hard tissue morphology', 'intramuscular fat weight as percent of body', 'forebrain homovanillic acid amount', 'thoracic cage morphology trait', 'calculated blood vessel endothelium', 'sensory ganglia morphology trait', 'plasma cortisol', 'milk feed flavor intensity', 'heart right ventricle wet', 'kidney mass', 'shoulder bone percentage', 'brain wet weight as percentage of body', 'grooming behavior trait', 'rectum morphology', 'middle ear ossible morphology', 'femoral neck cross-sectional', 'milk fat globule-egf factor 8 protein amount', 'b-1a b cell morphology', 'retinal photoreceptor morphology', 'meat fatty acid cis-9-c18:1 percentage', 'hepatic system physiology', 'th cell count', 'reproductive system trait', 'uterine fat depot morphology trait', 'eye shape trait', 'femoral neck ultimate force', 'number of zygotes/embryos lost postimplantation to litter size ratio', 'middle cervical ganglion morphology', 'double-positive t cell numbers', 'neutrophil phagocytosis', 't-cell-replacing factor secretion', 'prostate tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence', 'outer hair cell stereocilia size', 'auditory ossicle size trait', 'righting response measurement', 'serum vldl phospholipid', 'il-23 alpha secretion', 'type i myofiber abundance', 'paravertebral ganglion cell', 'calculated kidney', 'adipose stearic acid', 'heart left atrium fractional shortening', 'hippocampal mossy fiber', 'dorsal root ganglion morphology', 'endocrine/exocrine system trait', 'ham fat percentage', 'ratio of insulin-positive cell area to total area of head region of pancreas', 'spleen organogenesis', 'novelty', 'rumen papillae morphology', 'neuronal golgi apparatus area', 'facial motor nucleus size trait', 'spleen wet weight as percentage of body weight', 'connective tissue protein content', 'adipose saturated fatty acid content', 'b-1b b lymphocyte morphology trait', 'type ii spiral ligament fibrocyte', 'eye shape', 'axillary lymph node size trait', 'z disk morphology trait', 'milk chloride content', 'blood malondialdehyde', 'plasma ck activity level', 'eosinophil differentiation factor secretion', 'neuroglia morphology trait', 'vitamin metabolism', 'egg width', 'neuron vacuole area', 'balance', 'neuromere morphology', 'dry matter intake', 'circulating il16', 'milk undecylic acid content', 'scala vestibuli morphology', 'heart left ventricle end-diastolic ventral wall', 'blood very low density lipoprotein cholesterol amount', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology', 'nipple number', 'il-1 beta secretion', 'hematopoietin-1 secretion', 'serum immunoglobulin measurement', 'limb morphological', 'mammary gland cistern capacity', 'body length (nose', 'paravertebral ganglion', 'novel object trait', 'lymph gland morphology trait', 'livestock product trait', 'b cell maturation', 'dn2 alpha-beta immature t-lymphocyte', 'hepatic tumor', 'colostrum immunoglobulin m content', 'left ventricular diastolic blood pressure', 'paramesonephric duct morphology', 'subjects with ankylosis', 'comb pigmentation trait', 'carpus morphology', 'b-cell maturation', 'afferent lymphatic vessel', 'left-right axis patterning trait', 'tibia size trait', 'b cell domain of the spleen morphology trait', 'displacement activity reaction measurement', 'serum ldh activity level', 'temporal lobe morphology trait', 'calculated alcohol intake weight', 'hepatic tumor number', 'lymph vessel physiology', 'thymus physiology trait', 'abdominal hypodermal fat', 'urine urotensin ii amount', 'cochlear outer hair cell quantity', 'ethanol metabolism trait', 'blood campesterol', 'cervical lymph node size trait', 'floor plate', 'interferon-gamma secretion', 'alcohol intake rate to body weight ratio', 'toxoplasmosis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'ratio of the count of pancreatic islets with adjacent inflammatory infiltrate to total pancreatic islet count', 'lacrimal bone', 'luteal cell differentiation', 'ischium morphology trait', 'dressed carcass protein content', 'auditory ganglion morphology trait', 'muscle lactate amount', 'bpa drink intake rate', 'neuronal mitochondrion', 'gsp', 'costal cartilage morphology trait', 'head morphology trait', 'heart effluent lactate dehydrogenase activity', 'cd8+ t cell differentiation', 'milk prolactin content', 'organ lesion', 'secondary neuromuscular spindle', 'forepaw morphological', 'pulmonary alveolus morphology', 'temporal muscle morphology', 'suprarenal gland', 'sodium nitroprusside log half maximal effective concentration (log ec50)', 'heart ribonucleic acid', 'foot pad', 'lymph node secondary follicle', 'milk pentadecylic acid amount', 'saa protein physiology trait', 'serum anti-laminin antibody', 'blood magnesium level', 'circulating interleukin-1 alpha', 'colon', 'urinary relative excretion of sodium', 'middle cerebral artery inner diameter', 'blood vitamin amount', 'oval window morphology trait', 'liver propanedial', 'heart muscle trabeculae morphology trait', 'myelencephalon morphology', 'stress-related behavior', 'velum morphology', 't lymphocyte development trait', 'left suprarenal gland wet', 'milk vitamin measurement', 'mammary tumor weight', 'maximum mid-expiratory flow (mmef)', 'b-1a b lymphocyte', 'taste physiology trait', 'plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase activity level', 'purkinje cell nerve fiber organization trait', 'oval window morphology', 'bone section trabecular', 'inferior caval vein', 'epiphyseal plate', 'hepatic enzyme', 'liver weight as percentage of body', 'vestibule size', 'calculated middle ear morphological measurement', 'spleen b lymphocyte follicle', 'platelet function measurement', 'blood vessel morphology trait', 'putamen morphology trait', 'acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis prevalence', 'arytenoid cartilage', 'hair follicle', 'nasal mucous membrane morphology trait', 'bruch membrane', 'circulating il1a', 't cell receptor beta chain v(d)j recombination', 'fast-slope measurement of phenylephrine-induced contraction', 'macrophage antigen presentation', 't-cell number', 'platelet aggregation', 'ventriculus quartus morphology trait', 'alveolar-capillary barrier morphology trait', 'heart muscle relaxation trait', 'kidney superoxide dismutase to catalase activity ratio', 'percentage of study population developing hepatocellular carcinoma during a period of time', 'pork flavor intensity (fat)', 'blood vessel morphological', 'skin mineral', 'percentage of study population with hydronephrosis displaying hematuria at a point in time', 'trigeminal ganglion of trigenmial (v) nerve morphology', 'heart left ventricle insulin-like growth factor 1 mrna', 'circulating il-12p40', 'motor nerve fiber organization trait', 'plasma cartilage oligomeric matrix protein', 'intestinal cell quantity', 'milk fatty acid cis-14/trans-16-c18:1', 'natural killer t cell', 'nipple shape', 'plasma idl phospholipid level', 'cerebellar purkinje cell layer', 'forestomach morphology', 'linoleic acid', 'osteoblast', 'single feeding food intake weight', 'thoracic vertebra', 'hepatic tumor measurement', 'esophageal smooth muscle morphology trait', 'heart left ventricle molecular composition measurement', 'cervical lymph node morphology trait', 'lymphatic system morphology trait', 'blood lactate', 'percentage of study population developing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis during a period of time', 'ileum mucosa thickness', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t-cell', 'c5 physiology', 'calculated total pancreatic islet beta cell', 'aqueduct of sylvius morphology', 'outer ear thickness', 'retroperitoneal fat pad weight as percentage of body', 'intramuscular adipose tissue weight', 'bronchoconstriction trait', 'exoccipital bone', 'blood ldl-c amount', 'unk cell morphology', 'brain electrophysiological', 'tunel-positive cell number', 'spine of scapula morphology', 'lip vermillion border thickness', 'heart free fatty acid level', 'milk fatty acid c12:0', 'blood enzyme activity level', 'liver weight as percentage of body weight', 'prolactin-positive cell count', 'lgn', 'respiratory function trait', 'epidermis stratum basale', 'ureter size', 'gubernaculae morphology', 'vocalization measurement', 'locate a hidden target platform in an experimental apparatus', 'number of mature b-cells', 'pigmented ventral coat/hair', 'ulna morphology', 'ability', 'myocardial infarction measurement', 'area of spinal cord ventral horn stained for mhc class ii rt1a to total area of spinal cord ventral horn ratio', 'alpha-beta intraepithelial t cell morphology', 'precentral gyrus morphology', 'auditory inner hair cell', 'faecal parasite egg count', 'femoral neck biomechanical', 'blood interleukin-6 amount', 'milk unsaturated fatty acid measurement', 'red blood cell measurement', 'milk phospholipid content', 'trigeminal ganglion cell size trait', 'pain threshold', 'intermediate disk morphology', 'mitral valve morphology trait', 't lymphocyte percentage', 'heart left ventricle size trait', 'femoral toughness', 'serum anti-single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody titer', 'serum amyloid protein', 'hippocampal neuron morphology', 'adult-onset diabetes mellitus prevalence', 'heart left ventricle dna content to body weight ratio', 'time of vaginal opening', 'heart intraventricular wall', 'vestibular hair bundle shaft connector', 'mammary fat pad morphology', 't3 b cell', 'tendon physiology', 'splenic periarteriolar lymphoid sheath', 'erythrocyte morphology trait', 'loin external fat weight', 'loin eye area', 'plasma type i collagen c-terminal telopeptide level', 'tibial midshaft cortical endosteal', 'onset of hse', 'milk magnesium', 'l4 sympathetic ganglia morphology', 'hind paw morphological measurement', 'milk leptin concentration', 'impulsivity behavior', 'il9 secretion', 'masticatory muscle size', 'crop weight', 'blood idl phospholipid', 'plasma anti-dsdna antibody level', 'islet of langerhans morphology', 'calculated blood vessel dilation force reduction measurement', 'calculated spleen weight', 'sweat gland', 'neuromuscular synapse morphology trait', 'wing mass', 'tympanic ring morphology', 'atrioventricular cushion size trait', 'blood dihydrotestosterone level', 'cornea light scattering', 'nipple', 't lymphocyte number', 'ratio of the number of fetuses lost perinatally to the total number of offspring', 'ammon horn morphology trait', 'lymphocytic corona morphology trait', 'pancreatic non-tumorous lesion', 'milk monoacylglycerol content', 'bronchiole', 'single adrenal gland wet weight', 'bmi using nose to tail body', 'ear lobe', 'absolute change in adipocyte nefa release per unit volume', 'malignant colorectal neoplasm prevalence', 'heart muscle trabeculae', 'circulating interleukin i level', 'ratio of deaths to total study population during a period of time', 'cerebral hemispheres', 'milk caprylic acid content', 'urine protein', 'blood testosterone', 'serum igg1', 'relapsing-remitting eae incidence/prevalence', 'peritoneum pigmentation trait', 'functional teat number', 'cerebellar anterior vermis morphology', 'shank weight', 'total urine protein', 'intercostal muscle size', 'lumbar vertebra morphology trait', 'calculated ethanol intake weight', 'branchial arch development', 'learning/memory trait', 'serum igg1 level', 'time', 't cell selection', 'intake volume of saccharin', 'basis stapedis', 'phalanx number', 'milk omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio', 'the total area of the kidney outer medulla outer stripe and cortex', 'posterior cornu morphology trait', 'blood dehydroepiandrosterone level', 'tenderloin', 'plasma anti-e. coli antibody measurement', 'somatic cell score', 'calculated heart', 'tibia midshaft morphological measurement', 'double-negative t cell morphology', 'rhombomere morphology trait', 'bs', 'conduction velocity', 'ean prevalence', 'tibia curvature trait', 'synaptic norepinephrine release trait', 'post-insult time of death', 'skin molecular composition', 'loin fat percentage', 'heart effluent ldh activity', 'lymphoid system physiology trait', 'colon mucosa', 'duodenum weight', 'proventriculus mucosa thickness', 'forelimb morphology', 'oviduct length', 'hindlimb long bone morphology trait', 'forelimb morphological', 'negative t cell selection trait', 'gamma-delta t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'tissue weight of the jejunum', 'prostate tumorous lesion incidence', 'glial cell physiology trait', 'kidney sclerotic glomeruli', 'adipose linolenic acid', 'hydrocephalus severity measurement', 'semen volume', 'cd4-positive t cell physiology trait', 'width of the glandular crypts of the jejunum', 'nasal mucosa goblet cell', 'serum antibody titer', 'vertebra spongy bone cross-sectional area', 'milk alpha-casein percentage', 'nacc morphology', 'cerebrovascular lesion measurement', 'limb posture', 'hensen cell', 'chronic induced arthritis incidence/prevalence', 'lymph gland dry weight', 'carcass morphological', 'milk urea nitrogen content', 'whisker morphology trait', 'rod electrophysiology', 'b-cell growth factor-i secretion', 'alanine aminotransferase activity level', 'vertebral', 'submandibular ganglion morphology', 'neonatal body weight', 'circulating level of t3', 'meat margaric acid', 'aorta wall dry weight', 'neocortex morphology trait', 'inflammatory exudate ltb4', 'periarteriolar sheath morphology trait', 'anti-erythrocyte antigen antibody level', 'plasma angiotensin ii level', 'medullary cavity morphology trait', 'incisor', 'cochlear hair bundle ankle links', 'hypoglossal nerve', 'malignant hepatic tumor', 'milk calcium amount', 'labium', 'change in mean arterial blood pressure to change in intracerebroventricular sodium concentration ratio', 'colon mucosa thickness', 'compensatory renal growth score', 'neutrophil morphology trait', 'number of unprompted entries into a discrete space in an experimental apparatus', 'percentage of study population displaying benign colorectal tumors at a point in time', 'skeletal system measurement', 'motor neuron morphology trait', 'sertoli cell number', 'submandibular ganglion morphology trait', 'breast muscle', 'adipose fatty acid c17', 'lung wet weight to body weight ratio', 'vitelline vascular remodeling trait', 'gastrulation trait', 'crista ampullaris morphology trait', 'prepuce morphology trait', 'pituitary gland morphology', 'toll-like receptor 9 protein amount', 'urination behavior trait', 'blood hdl level', 'dsdna antibody', 'benign colorectal tumor', 'epiphysial plate proliferative zone morphology', 'anti-self antibody', 'blood island morphology trait', 'paraoxonase 1 activity', 'chondrocyte number', 'response to addictive substance trait', 'white adipose tissue amount', 'adipose tissue composition measurement', 'primitive knot morphology', 'longitudinal suture', 'adrenal gland morphological', 'utricular spot morphology trait', 'blood creatine kinase', 'right renal fat pad', 'both ovaries weight', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus prevalence', 'kidney cortex', 'langerhams cell', 'blood rt6.1 positive cell', 'cochlea basement membrane morphology trait', 'dorsal root ganglia', 'uterus ribonucleic acid amount', 'hepatobiliary system physiology trait', 'ham composition trait', 'aorta wall intracellular protein', 'circulatory system morphology', 'bone energy to break', 'helper t lymphocyte type 2 cell', 'trichinellosis severity', 'uterus mass', 'serum vldl phospholipid level', 'ovarian follicle morphology trait', 'milk triglyceride amount', 'smell intensity (fat)', 'tibia curvature', 'olfactory system physiology trait', 'tympanic ring size', 'polymodal receptor morphology trait', 'foot angle', 'hypopharynx morphology trait', 'stomach non-tumorous lesion', 'b1b cell morphology', 'serum ck activity level', 'calculated balance measurement', 'percentage of study population displaying bilateral renal agenesis at a point in time', 'comb pigmentation', 'ventricle of rhombencephalon morphology trait', 'hair physiology', 'spinal cord anterior horn area', 'adipose fatty acid c16:0 percentage', 'cochlear inner hair cell afferent nerve fiber organization trait', 'epidermal layer development', 'fdcn', 'circulating ro-236019', 'aorta wall extracellular elastin dry weight to aorta wall dry weight ratio', 'hindquarter', 'prostate tumor prevalence', 'percentage of study population developing cerebrovascular lesions during a period of time', 'blood anti-erythrocyte antigen antibody', 'neutrophil leukocyte morphology trait', 'milk arachidic acid amount', 'retinopathy prevalence', 'corti ganglion', 'calculated kidney fibrotic lesion area measurement', 'urine vanillylmandelic acid excretion rate', 'uterine fat depot', 'gland morphology', 'ear physiology trait', 'otolith number', 'loin weight', 'hemolymphatic system physiology', 'milk texture', 'gastric gland morphology', 'dn1 thymic pro-t lymphocyte', 'inflammatory exudate eicosanoid measurement', 'blood phosphate', 'acetylcholine response/sensitivity', 'circulating glucocorticoid level', 'total liver tumorous lesion cells', 'left atrial size trait', 'total heart ventricle morphology', 'blood superoxide dismutase activity level', 'th cell', 'retroperitoneal fat depot', 'gaba neuron', 'salivary gland mucosal cell number', 'transitional two stage b-cell number', 'lung weight, wet/body weight', 'corpus callosum morphology', 'luteinizing hormone secretion', 'blood ast activity level', 'benign liver tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 'liver copper weight to body weight ratio', 'serum phosphorus', 'retroperitoneal fat pad', 'heart ventricle septum configuration', 'telencephalic vesicle development', 'testes cell number', 'blood glycated albumin level', 'percentage of study population displaying chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis at a point in time', 'lateral ventricle morphology trait', 'granulocyte count', 'b-1 b-lymphocyte', 'ru-49637 secretion', 'kidney catalase activity', 'vasculosa oculi morphology trait', 'nerve activity measurement', 'prostate duct', 'anti-insulin autoantibody concentration', 'milk fatty acid trans-5-c18:1 concentration', 'b2 cell morphology', 'heart left atrium weight', 'touch corpuscle size', 'plasma vldl-c level', 'efferent glomerular arteriolar hydraulic pressure', 'milk fatty acid trans-4-c18:1', 'calculated serum triglyceride level', 'circulating phosphate level', 'orbitofrontal cortex morphology trait', 'cervical fold quantity', 'craniosacral system morphology trait', 'circulating ifn-alpha', 'placenta size', 'meat mineral', 'superior temporal gyrus morphology', 'milk omega-6 fatty acid percentage', 'cerebral blood flow trait', 'subcutis morphology trait', 'caput epididymis', 'blood t cell count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'neonate morphological measurement', 'vaginal opening', 'corti ganglion morphology', 'testis cell', 'alisphenoid bone morphology', "peyer's patch epithelium morphology trait", 'single inguinal fat pad weight to body weight ratio', 'retinal bipolar cell quantity', 'plasma gssg', 'cardiac free fatty acid level', 'chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis incidence/prevalence', 'serum immunoglobulin d', 'serum phytosterol', 'daily spermatozoa count to epididymis weight ratio', 'absolute change in plasma epinephrine level', 'trigeminal motor nucleus size', 'somatic parasympathetic system', 'langerhans cell antigen presentation trait', 'anthropometric measurement', 'cervical lymph node size', 'heart left ventricle wall', 'spleen iron level', 'epididymal plus perirenal white adipose tissue', 'heart right atrium morphology trait', 'tail bud size trait', 'serum igm-rf', 'rostral-caudal axis somite development', 'acoustic startle response', 'inflammatory exudate mononuclear leukocyte count', 'serum anti-rat type 2 collagen autoantibody titer', 'pancreatic physiology trait', 'lymph node wet weight', 'percentage of study population developing acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis during a period of time', 'acromion', 'liver fibrotic lesion area', 'joint morphological', 'skeletal muscle fiber morphological', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte', 'wool crimp', 'choroid blood vessel morphology trait', 'kidney gsr activity', 'prion infection', 'small intestine orientation', 'heart blood pressure', 'neuron size trait', 'milk texture trait', 'striate cortex morphology', 'capsula glomeruli', 'lateral septum size', 'dense bone morphology trait', 'dc1 morphology', 'meat unsaturated fatty acid', 'plasma gsh level', 'serum anti-toxoplasma antibody level', 'meat fatty acid c13', 'muscle androstenone amount', 'plasma total immunoglobulin e', 'blood glycerol amount', 'oocyte morphology trait', 'pericardial', 'liver enzyme measurement', 'lipoxin a4 level', 'meat estrone content', 'adipocyte absolute nefa secretion', 'spleen trabecular artery morphology trait', 'circulating ifn level', 'eae onset/diagnosis', 'tissue rna composition', 'cardiac myocyte morphology trait', 'myotome development trait', 'petrosal ganglion size trait', 'glucose metabolism', 'calculated uterus weight', 'blood ferritin', 'peripheral nervous system glia morphology', 'adipocyte free fatty acid secretion', 'blood iga level', 'pancreatic alpha cell physiology', 'cd4+ t cell number', 't2 b cell', 'striatum', 'intramuscular fat area to skeletal muscle area ratio', 'b-1b b-cell morphology', 'blood ldl triglyceride level', 'milk adph', 'midbrain/pons hva amount', 'single suprarenal gland wet weight', 'monocyte development', 'carbohydrate metabolism trait', 'urine enzyme', 'heart atrium appendage configuration', 'bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue morphology', 'total serum bilirubin', 'leukemia onset/diagnosis', 'hepatocyte organization', 'tail development', 'digestive mucosecretion trait', 'number of sap movements', 'skin cl- level to skin h2o level ratio', 'vascular smooth muscle measurement', 'c4 physiology', 'brain spike-wave discharge frequency', 'midbrain/pons epinephrine', 'ear emergence initiation', 'insulin-positive cell area', 'plasma oxidized glutathione', 'bronchus', 'anterior uvea morphology', 'calculated liver weight', 'cochlear outer hair cell efferent innervation morphology trait', 'macula sacculi morphology trait', 'muscle nitrogen', 'gustatory system morphology trait', 'palatal process morphology', 'urine potassium level to body weight ratio', 'tongue lesion', 'spermatogonia proliferation trait', 'renal cortex protein', 'bony labyrinth', 'alveolar septum', 'pineal gland morphology trait', 'bile duct size trait', 'myringa morphology trait', 'spiral ligament fibrocyte morphology trait', 'lung enzyme activity', 'uterus weight, dry', 'response to viral infection', 'cauda epididymis', 'hair guard cell innervation pattern trait', 'blood monoamine hormone level', 'tibial straight', 'mononuclear cell number', 'malignant colorectal tumor number', 'absolute change in glucose auc', 'pancreatic alpha cell morphology trait', 'urinary bladder cell quantity', 'mast cell protease storage trait', 'cervical squamous epithelum', 'class switch recombination trait', 'response to alcohol', 'polymorphonuclear leucocyte', 'cervical vertebra', 'sperm size', 'calculated inflammatory exudate cell', 'average brain type i spike-and-wave discharge duration', 'visceral adipose', 'methylene blue', 'end-systolic volume', 'calculated trichinosis severity measurement', 'eye muscle development', 'blood carboxyhemoglobin', 'percentage of study population displaying anorectal malformation at a point in time', 'absolute change in the logarithm of the antibody titer', 'cochlea sensory epithelium morphology', 'inner ear canal morphology', 'single birth offspring quantity', 'aorta mass', 'bile', 'absolute change in body weight', 'feather tract morphology', 'gestational length', 'tongue size', 'milk fatty acid trans-6-8-c18:1 percentage', 'abdominal fat depot morphology', 'kcl-induced blood vessel constriction expressed', 'blood circulation trait', 'high frequency r-r interval', 'dt', 'b-2 b-cell morphology trait', 'basioccipital bone', 'olfactory bulb morphology trait', 'red blood cell na+/k+ atpase activity', 'csr', 'olfactory bulb morphology', 'cochlear inner hair cell morphology trait', 'trigeminal nerve mpnst incidence/prevalence', 'serum alpha-fetoprotein amount', 'tracheal-esophageal septation completeness', 'serum immunoglobulin g-type rheumatoid factor', 'choroid plexus cell', 'duodenum crypt of lieberkuhn width', 'cerebrovascular lesion latency', 'platelet intracellular calcium', 'hematopoiesis', 'vagus nerve morphology', 'total drink-derived calorie intake', 'p wave duration', 'tibiofibular fusion cortical bone endosteal cross-sectional', 'respiratory system physiology', 'circulating b-cell growth factor-ii level', 'coronary blood flow trait', 'blood interleukin-21 amount', 'axon guidance', 'calculated plasma noradrenaline', 'velum palatinum morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-7,trans-9-c18:2 percentage', 'vascular stripe', 'milk myristoleic acid content', 'blood anti-double stranded dna antibody', 'perinatal loss of fetus', 'plasma thyrotropin level', 'time to onset of heart contraction', 'serum aspartate transaminase activity', 'plasma glycerol level', 'stomach tumor', 'inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion', 'plasma idl level', 'heart electrical conduction', 'circulating il18 level', 'aorta blood flow trait', 'corneal light-scattering trait', 'appendage', 'cervicothoracic ganglion morphology trait', 'epidermis stratum spinosum cell', 'floor plate morphology trait', 'interleukin-2 physiology', 'hair', 'loin composition', 'thoracic girdle morphology trait', 'urine amylase level', 'adrenergic neuron', 'meat fatty acid c18:3 n-3', 'egl', 'pancreas hormone composition', 'thymus weight', 'acute phase protein physiology', 'extensor digitorum longus muscle', 'neuromuscular spindle morphology', 'orbit size trait', 'blood integrity trait', 'homotypical cortex morphology', 'rib development', 'cardiac muscle morphology', 'retinal photoreceptor quantity', 'percent change in renal sympathetic nerve activity', 'superior vagus ganglion size trait', 'otic vesicle size trait', 'circulation measurement', 'testis physiology trait', 'heart muscle morphology trait', 't-associated plasma cell morphology', 'limb morphological measurement', 'pyramidal tract morphology', 'hindlimb long bone', 'polymorphonuclear leukocyte physiology trait', 'hearing system trait', 'cerebral cortex layer', 'inner cell mass', 'blood b cell count', 'plasma alcohol', 'muscle fatty acid c20:2 concentration', 'inguinal lymph node weight', 'milk growth factor amount', 'circulating hybridoma growth factor level', 'splenic marginal zone', 'ileum', 'sympathetic ganglion', 'dtcmax', 'lung development', 'neuronal rough endoplasmic reticulum area to neuronal cytoplasm area ratio', 'circulating mast-cell colony-stimulating factor level', 'pancreatic islet tumorous lesion measurement', 'esophageal squamous epithelium', 'colon size trait', 'kidney shape', 'pillar cell morphology trait', 'carcass skeletal', 'serum phospholipid level', 'artery neointimal hyperplastic lesion', 'serum tyrosinase activity level', 'modiolus morphology', 'adipose fatty acid cis-11-c20:1 percentage', 'vestibule size trait', 'plasma immunoglobulin d amount', 'hepatic oxidized glutathione', 'morphology trait of the angle of the iris', 'ankle bone morphology', 'mesenteric lymph node size', 'synaptic transmission trait', 'cn-ix morphology trait', 'laryngeal cartilage morphology trait', 'brown adipose tissue morphology trait', 'femoral neck cortical cross-sectional area', 'calculated neuronal vacuole area measurement', 'glia physiology trait', 'liver lipid measurement', 'peripheral nervous system physiology', 'cardiac', 'morphology trait of the spiral ganglion of vestibulocochlear (viii) nerve', 'muscle fatty acid cis-9-c16', 'single suprarenal gland weight to body weight ratio', 't cell receptor alpha chain v-j recombination trait', 'endolymph physiology trait', 'cd8+ t cell morphology trait', 'esophagus', 'carotid body morphology trait', 'serum igg-rf level normalized', 'blood glycohemoglobin level', 'external germinal layer morphology', 'splenic central arteriole', 'vagus ganglion morphology', 'natural killer t cell physiology', 'stratum germinativum', 'salty taste sensitivity', 'stomach epithelium', 'number of otoconia', 'plasma immunoglobulin g1 amount', 'cd25+ cell', 'cerebrospinal fluid production trait', 'bone section morphological', 'kidney-specific lymphocyte radioactive tracer', 'lumbar vertebra trabeculae cross-sectional', 'parotid salivary gland cholinergic innervation pattern trait', 'onset of experimental autoimmune neuritis', 'visual axis alignment', 'zona pellucida', 'periodontal ligament morphology', 'central nervous system glia morphology', 'lambdoidal suture', 'tissue serotonin amount', 'filtration angle morphology', 'bs/tv', 'distance moved per unit of time into, out of or within a discrete space in an experimental apparatus', 'serum anti-porcine type ii collagen antibody', 'subarcuate fossa morphology', 'potassium chloride log half maximal effective concentration (log ec50)', 'b cell differentiation', 'skin (k+ + na+) level', 'serum total protein', 'heart left ventricle integrity', 'percent change in developed blood pressure', 'arterial tunica media width', 'motor nerve fiber', 'white fat amount', 'carpus morphology trait', 'nose morphology', 'juxtaglomerular complex morphology', 'prostate gland morphology trait', 'uterus morphology trait', 'inferior colliculus', 'milk alpha-casein content', 'circulating ifn-gamma', 'heart left ventricle interstitial epinephrine', 'lipocyte morphology', 'lgn morphology trait', 'pyramid of vermis morphology trait', 'omasum mass', 'oviduct size trait', 'meat indole', 'blood idl level', 'aqueous humor', 'hind leg morphological', 'b-1 b cell number', 'percentage of study population displaying t-cell lymphomas at a point in time', 'hippocampal mossy fiber morphology trait', 'bone elongation', 'single testis dry', 'type iib muscle fiber', 'endolymph physiology', 'femur cross-sectional area', 'shoulder composition trait', 'calculated serum anti-rat type ii collagen autoantibody titer', 'paramesonephric duct', 'plasma gsh-px activity', 'sternum morphology trait', 'cranium morphology trait', 'fat cell area', 'heart elastic fiber', 'milk yield', 'stationary movement', 'testicular physiology', 'plasma glutathione peroxidase activity level', 'tail vertebra morphology', 'circulating il-1', 'osteoplast morphology', 'blood adrenaline', 'basicranium morphology trait', 'labia majora shape', 'scratching trait', 'brain sitosterol amount', 'kidney vascular physiology trait', 'periotic capsule morphology trait', 'endocardium', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'blood fibronectin amount', 'prevalence of relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (r-eae) in a disease population', 'interleukin-12a secretion', 'perirenal fat pad', 'marginal zone b cell morphology', 'umbilical cord', 'lactotroph density', 'blood interferon-beta amount', 'abdominal wall integrity trait', 'atrioventricular canal partitioning', 'hypothalamus serotonin amount', 'fatback thickness', 'lung rna composition measurement', 'tissue weight of the gizzard', 'plasma total cholesterol', 'adenophysis', 'milk phosphorus content', 'serum anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody level', 'number of squamous cell tumors of the head and neck', 'ovary development', 'prostate gland size trait', 'rostral-caudal axis patterning', 'granulocyte count as percentage of total white blood cells', 'drumstick composition trait', 'masseter muscle morphology trait', 'vascular stripe morphology trait', 'serum sod activity level', 'plasma vitamin a1', 'blood vessel receptor-dependent contractility to receptor-independent contractility ratio', 'nadp+-malate dehydrogenase activity', 'glomerular damage composite score', 'duodenum muscle', 'milk cis-10-heptadeceonic acid', 'induced arthritis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'liver remodeling tumorous lesion', 'kidney lipid composition', 'b-2 b lymphocyte morphology', 'circulating lymphocyte mitogenic factor', 'blood very low density lipoprotein phospholipid', 'presphenoid bone morphology trait', 'duodenum length', 'occipital lobe', 'urine potassium excretion rate to body weight ratio', 'milk phospholipid amount', 'il-12 secretion', 'liver parenchymal degeneration incidence/prevalence measurement', 'muscle protein', 'plasma dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase activity', 'lymphatic system morphology', 'lumbar vertebra total cross-sectional area', 'liver cell morphology', 'blood corticosterone level', 'cachectin level', 'b-cell stimulating factor-1 secretion', 'blood sod activity level', 'hindlimb integrity trait', 'plasma carboxyhemoglobin level', 'abdominal fat pad', 'facial bone', 'liver plant sterol and stanol amount', 'the count of pancreatic islets with adjacent inflammatory infiltrate', 'cutaneous/subcutaneous mechanoreceptor morphology trait', 'femur mineral', 'cervical spinal cord epinephrine amount', 'platelet shape trait', 'colostrum immunoglobulin g concentration', 'osteoplast morphology trait', 'free catecholamine fractionation', 'thymus morphological', 'alpha-ifn secretion', 'brain total type ii spike-wave discharge duration', 'thymus lobule morphology', 'circulating interleukin-2 level', 'both ears average of middle ear epithelium', 'plasma direct renin activity level', 'calculated lymphocyte radioactive tracer measurement', 'amacrine neuron', 'caudate nucleus', 'b-1b b cell', 'dsdna antibody level', 'meat docosapentaenoic acid content', 'superior glossopharyngeal ganglion of the glossopharyngeal (ix) nerve morphology trait', 'mast cell protease storage', 'vestibular hair bundle morphology trait', 'blood direct renin activity level', 'total cd8 t cell', 'blood cd25 lymphocyte count as percentage of total lymphocytes', 'heart right ventricular blood pressure trait', 'skin water level', 'milk alpha-lactalbumin yield', 'colostrum immunoglobulin content', 'liver gsh', 'angii log half maximal effective', 'plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol', 'cochlear ihc morphology trait', 'muscle fatty acid c16:0 percentage', 'hematopoiesis location trait', 'homotypic cortex morphology trait', 'leg composition', 'cd8(+) cell count', 'ham weight', 'vertebra development', 'circulating interleukin-12b level', 'blood beta-sitosterol amount', 'ureter physiology trait', 'tissue enzyme', 'pancreatic islet weight', 'aorta elastic tissue integrity', 'calculated kidney glomerulus morphological', 'serum adiponectin level', 'body mass index (bmi)', 'thermal nociception trait', 'meat moisture content', 'meat tenderness', 'slow-slope measurement of phenylephrine-induced contraction', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic t-lymphocyte', 'blood progesterone amount', 'adenohypophysis morphology', 'shank diameter', 'cerebellar vermis morphology trait', 'meat texture trait', 'premaxillary bone morphology', 'glomeruli count', 'blood apoliprotein b level', 'colostrum hormone amount', 'heart right ventricle wet weight', 'post-insult time to onset of experimental arthritis', 'hind leg morphological measurement', 'labyrinth layer morphology trait', 'cerebrospinal fluid electrolyte measurement', 'blood b lymphocyte count to total leukocyte count ratio', 'cochlear potential', 'egg trait', 'circulating corticosterone', 'nk t cell quantity', 'sympathetic neuron innervation pattern', 'visual acuity', 'skin physiology trait', 'blood vldl phospholipid amount', 'pars superior vestibularis', 'change in [vasoactive chemical]', 'back fat percentage', 'muscle cis-11-eicosenoic acid concentration', 'circulating noradrenaline', 'plasma ldl level', 'coronary artery morphology trait', 'malignant hepatic tumor incidence/prevalence', 'colliculi size trait', 'dc1', 'epinephrine secretion', 'foreskin morphology trait', 'blood glutamate dehydrogenase amount', 'both suprarenal glands', 'paco2', 'head circumference', 'vibrissa retention', 'width', 'motile sperm count to total sperm count ratio', 'cochlear hair bundle tip links morphology trait', 'penis size', 'total enos', 'spleen germinal center morphology trait', 'hematuria incidence', 'jowl', 'right atrial morphology trait', 'nipple length', 'unk cell', 'granule cell', 'pns synaptic transmission', 'ivrt', 'plasma anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody', 'spongiotrophoblast layer morphology trait (sensu rodentia)', 'meat tetracosanoic acid content', 'plasma tc', 'nervous system physiology', 'l4 drg', 'heart measurement', 'hypothalamus corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion trait', 'viscerocranium morphology trait', 'kidney gsh level', 'circulating noradreniline', 'drum membrane morphology trait', 'blood electrolyte', 'glutamic-pyruvate transaminase activity', 'tongue scc number of tumors with diameter greater than 3 mm', 'maxillary palatial process morphology', 'atrial size', 'impulsivity behavior trait', 'amino acid metabolism', 'retinal photoreceptor', 'milk alpha-casein content to beta-casein content ratio', 'fat cell morphological measurement', 'calculated heart wall thickness measurement', 'tibia cortical bone midshaft endosteal cross-sectional area', 'plasma cholesterol', 'blood interleukin-23a amount', 'cochlear ohc physiology', 'vertebra cancellous bone cross-sectional area', 'leukocyte morphology trait', 'milk trans-6/8=octadecenoic acid content', 'aortic valve morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid cis-8-c20:1', 'hippocampus proper morphology', 'vascular elastic tissue morphology trait', 'fat cell', 'muscle fatty acid cis-9-c16:1 percentage', 'glial cell', 'corticobulbar tract', 'tooth morphology trait', 'nephron', 'parasite egg/oocyst count', 'immune system organ physiology trait', 'lateral septum morphology trait', 'serum immunoglobulin m level', 'inguinal fat pad weight', 'benign colorectal neoplasm prevalence', 'brain tumorous lesion', 'curd firmness', 'th1 cell count', 'optic disc size trait', 't-cell maturation', 'blood antibody titer', 'intracranial ganglion', 'urine urea amount', 'c1 physiology trait', 'vertebral length', 'stomach tumorous lesion', 'salivary gland', 'reticulo-rumen epithelium thickness', 'immune tolerance trait', 'milk ph', 'trigeminal v mesencephalic nucleus size trait', 'milk fatty acid c4:0 concentration', 'semimembranosus mass', 'hippocampus proper morphology trait', 'osteoclast formation', 'renal glomerulosclerotic lesion', 'hair cuticle morphology trait', 'iliac bone morphology', 'blood natural killer cell percentage', 'thymus capsule morphology', 'tibial midshaft cortical periosteal', 'milk casein content', 'lens development', 'both kidneys wet weight', 'adrenergic neuron morphology trait', 'plasma superoxide dismutase activity', 'percentage of study population displaying experimental diabetes mellitus at a point in time', 'skeletal muscle cellular composition', 'pulsatile insulin release periodicity', 'serum got activity level to gpt activity level ratio', 'gluteus medius muscle', 'muscle 7-octadecenoic acid', 'insulin-positive cell', 'absolute change in diastolic blood pressure', 'amygdala', 'oesophagus weight', 'tympanic ring size trait', 'polymorphonuclear neutrophil physiology trait', 'plasma afp level', 'skin cell quantity', 'late pro-b cell', 'egg production trait', 'single ear average of tympanic cavity epithelium depth', 'muscle palmitoleic acid content', 'follicular dendritic cell antigen presentation', 'prickle cell layer thickness', 'calculated femur cross-sectional area', 'serum leptin', 'c8 physiology', 'plasma immunoglobulin g2c', 'choroid/ventricle', 'artery diameter', 'ovary physiology trait', 'urine creatinine level', 'cajal-retzius cell morphology trait', 'nmda-mediated synaptic current trait', 'immune response trait', 'serum hdl-c to ldl-c ratio', 'plasma anti-bovine type 2 collagen antibody level', 'cerebellum anterior vermis morphology', 'turbinated bone morphology trait', 'adipocyte glucose uptake trait', 'thymic capsule morphology trait', 'bile duct size', 'ventral striatum', 'depression-related behavior trait', 'dopaminergic neuron count', 'putamen', 'post-insult time to onset of herpes simplex encephalitis', 'renal/urinary morphological measurement', 'brain total type i spike-and-wave discharge duration', 'dn4 cell number', 'pregnancy rate', 'igg2a', 'epiglottis morphology', 'auditory cortex morphology trait', 'phagocytosis', 'haller tunica vascula morphology', 'occipitomastoid suture morphology trait', 'hse onset/diagnosis measurement', 'kidney cell number', 'blood ethanol level', 'nk t cell physiology trait', 'acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis incidence/prevalence', 'calculated pulmonary vascular resistance', 'cerebellar granule layer morphology trait', 'neurogenesis trait', 'liver gssg level', 'auditory inner hair cell number', 'eating behavior trait', 'filiform papillae morphology', 'circulating potassium', 'femoral fat pad mass', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta treg', 'femoral area', 'blood th1 cell', 'mature b-lymphocyte morphology', 'muscle fatty acid c14:0 percentage', 'cardiocyte morphological', 'troponin t', 'prostate gland morphology', 'spleen size', 'spontaneous abortion', 'lvdd', 'testis lesion', 'right ovary wet weight', 'vascular', 'smooth muscle morphology', 'percentage of study population developing bilateral testis tumors during a period of time', 'plasma vldl phospholipid level', 'cardiovascular system morphology trait', 'parasympathetic cholinergic neuron morphology trait', 'gonadal fat depot morphology trait', 'mammary gland progenitor cell quantity', 'uveitis severity', 'mesenteric fat depot morphology trait', 'olfactory nerve morphology', 'blood immunoglobulin m level', 'circulating corticosterone level', 'effector t-cell number', 'adipocyte maximal nefa secretion to basal nefa secretion ratio', 'pda score', 'total prostate', 'iliac artery integrity', 'hematopoietic system morphology trait', 'muscle fatty acid c18:3 n-3 percentage', 'gestation period length', 'front limb morphological measurement', 'somatosensory cortex physiology trait', 'sodium nitroprusside-induced blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of force at maximum constriction', 'spiral ligament size', 'abdominal wall morphology', 'spleen wet weight as percentage of body', 'medulla oblongata norepinephrine', 'nk t-lymphocyte physiology trait', 'pectoral muscle', 'lymph gland morphological measurement', 'drumstick', 'quadrigeminal body', 'number of visits to feeder per day', 'embryo trait', 'dn4 immature t-cell', 'adipocyte baseline free fatty acid secretion', 'palatal shelf', 'plasma angiotensin i level', 'muscle progenitor cell migration trait', 'hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity', 'renal glomerulosclerotic lesion measurement', 'hip circumference', 'somatic nervous system physiology', 'tnf', 'b cell clonal deletion', 'plasma ast activity level', 'lymph node germinal center morphology trait', 'right uterine horn length', 'voluntary movement trait', 'heart girth', "cowper's gland weight", 'myolemma morphology', 'modiolus', 'b lymphocyte number', 'neuromuscular synapse morphology', 'occipital lobe morphology trait', 'plasma phosphate level', 'muscle heptadecanoic acid', 'blood troponin level', 'dorsal horn morphology trait', 'absolute change in urine vanillylmandelic acid excretion rate', 'cd4+ t cell', 'tectum size', 'intervertebral cartilage development trait', 'calculated body weight', 'diaphragm muscle morphology trait', 'blood b cell count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'lung cell quantity', 'total fluid intake volume', 'alveolocapillary membrane morphology trait', 'haemolymphoid system morphology', 'inguinal fat depot morphology trait', 'stroke volume', 'radius cell quantity', 'femur force at failure', 't-cell receptor beta chain v(d)j recombination', 'cell measurement', "henle's loop morphology", 'femur strength trait', 'liver pigmentation', 'diaphysis morphology', 'cancellous bone morphology trait', 'percentage of study population developing toxoplasma gondii brain cysts during a period of time', 'osteoblast number', 'serum anti-dsdna antibody', 'brain ventricle width to brain width ratio', 'limb quantity', 'plasma angiotensin i converting enzyme activity', 'food energy intake level', 'blood t lymphocyte count', 'meat fatty acid c18', 'blood insulin level', 'cranium mineral mass', 'hassall concentric corpuscle morphology trait', 'post-insult time to onset of experimental allergic neuritis', 'blood dopamine', 'mesencephalic tegmentum', 'calculated epididymal fat pad weight', 'lymphoma', 'circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level', 'cochlear outer hair cell length', 'epididymal fat pad weight', 'skeletal muscle fiber size trait', 'urine chloride', 'dn3 immature t cell number', 'vagina development', 'blood cd45rchigh cd4 t cell count to cd45rclow cd4 t cell count ratio', 'tail shape', 'plasma total protein level', 'corpus epididymis morphology trait', 'kidney medulla trpv4 protein level', 'kidney cortex trpv4 protein', 'femur head diameter', 'strial intermediate cell morphology', 'milk protein', 'erythrocyte precursor', 'sweet taste sensitivity', 'alpha-interferon secretion', 'skull size', 'calculated acoustic startle response', 'ampullary sulcus morphology trait', 'aorta wall extracellular elastin level', 'afferent arteriolar resistance', 'rt6.2+ t cell count', 'osteoclast morphology trait', 'mammillary body', 'blood cd4 lymphocyte count', 'effective renal plasma flow rate to both kidney weight ratio', 'sclerotic glomerulus', 'temporal bone morphology trait', 'medulla oblongata dopamine', 'wool fleece trait', 'kidney protein activity measurement', 'ovarian follicle physiology trait', 'heart ventricle trabeculae morphology trait', 'percent change in systolic blood pressure', 'left kidney wet weight', 'mature b cell quantity', 'liver gsh level to liver weight ratio', 'reticulo-rumen mass', 'th2 cell', 't cell dependent paracortex', 'metabolism trait', 'blood high density lipoprotein cholesterol amount', 'plasma interleukin-6 level', 'aspartate aminotransferase', 'mineralized tissue volume', 'anti-rbc antibody level', 'urinary bladder epithelium', "schwalbe's ring", 'cerebellar granule neuron morphology trait', 'fatty acid amount', 'cutis vera', 'cervical spinal cord epinephrine', 'brown fat cell morphology', 'myocardial physiology trait', 'plasma glycerol', 'lateral process of malleus morphology', 'pdc morphology trait', 'bile duct', 'fallopian tube size', 'cochlear hair cell stereocilia quantity', 'artery inner diameter', 'appendage physiology trait', 'spinocerebellum morphology trait vermis part', 'metallophilic macrophage morphology trait', 'basilar bone morphology trait', 'trophoblast layer morphology', 'glomerular filtration rate', 'motor neuron innervation pattern trait', 'interleukin-1 physiology trait', 'muscular system morphology', 'femur weight', 'tissue dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac) amount', 'enteric nervous system', 'gastric gland', 'plasma igf2 level', 'milk fatty acid trans-13/14-c18:1', 'serum malondialdehyde level', 'olfactory receptor neuron morphology trait', 'plasma iga', 'developmental patterning trait', 'immune cell measurement', 'blood hba1c', 'kidney size trait', 'enzyme/coenzyme activity trait', 'blood calcium', 'malar arch morphology trait', 'ampa-mediated synaptic current', 't cell receptor beta chain v(d)j rearrangement', 'subcutaneous tissue morphology', 'onset of hsv encephalitis', 'liver fat volume', 'hippocampus mossy fiber morphology trait', 'exhaustion on treadmill', 'occipital bone morphology', 'cn-vi', 'basophil morphology', 'blood pyrophosphate amount', 'tail length', 'intra-abdominal fat', 'viral infection incidence/prevalence measurement', 'serum anti-laminin antibody level', 'vestibulocochlear ganglion morphology trait', 't-cell receptor positive thymocyte count', 'brain cell', 'ventricle septal morphology', 'heart muscle contractility trait', 'immunoglobulin heavy chain v-d-j joining', 'circulating il21', 'eye orientation', 'milk beta carotene', 'well differentiated malignant colorectal cancer incidence', 'facial nuclei cell', 'eosinophil recruitment trait', 'roof plate', 'heart muscle cell', 'dn3 cell', 'ductus thoracicus', 'blood angiotensin i converting enzyme 2 activity', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'blood apolipoprotein a', 'nk cell quantity', 'onset', 'anti-double-stranded dna antibody level', 'vertebra cortical bone cross-sectional area', 'embryonic neuroepithelium morphology', 'milk fatty acid trans-9-c18:1 percentage', 'milk protein measurement', 'blood inorganic phosphorus', 'number of transferable embryos per round of so/ai', 'membrana vitrea morphology', 'well differentiated malignant colorectal neoplasm prevalence', 'plasmacyte morphology trait', 'glia', 'urine creatine measurement', 'oval window', 'serum ast activity level', 'germ cell morphology', 'heart right ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content to body weight ratio', 'blood cd3 cell', 'fecal parasite egg', 'plasma aldosterone level to plasma renin activity ratio', 'hair cell morphology trait', 'blood cd25 lymphocyte', 'circulating progesterone', 'absolute change in urine noradrenalin', 'blood lipase', 'lymph node morphological', 'liver non-tumorous lesion', 'optic cup morphology trait', 'blood cd4(+) lymphocyte', 'blood cd45rchigh cd4(+) t cell count', 'caudate nucleus morphology trait', 'ileum crypt of lieberkuhn depth', 'calculated blood paracetamol level', 'circulating interleukin-15', 'liver non-tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence measurement', 'progenitor b cell morphology', 'il1a secretion', 'number of squamous cell tumors of the tongue with diameter greater than 5 mm', 'post-insult time to trigeminal nerve neurilemmoma formation', 'immunoglobulin v(d)j rearrangement', 'plasma total ige level', 'rostral vermis morphology trait', 'meat collagen content', 'natural killer cell morphology', 'stretch-attend posture measurement', 'blood acute phase protein', 'blood potassium level', 'brain morphological measurement', 'eggshell percentage, fowl', 'milk fatty acid trans-6-8-c18:1 concentration', 'gall bladder physiology', 'helper t-lymphocyte type 2 cell', 'circulating il-23b', 'immune system development', 'serum haemoglobin', 'modiolus size trait', 'scratching', 'muscle fatty acid trans-11-c18:1 concentration', 'pectoral muscle morphology', 'longissimus dorsi muscle depth', 'trigeminal ganglion of trigenmial (v) nerve', 'sgot activity level', 'eggshell measurement, fowl', 'milk fermented flavor intensity', 'tongue tumor diameter', 'ventricular septum', 'plasma anti-self antibody titer', 'egg number', 'arteriolar resistance', 'retinal ganglion cell morphology trait', 'circulating il-6 level', 'b lymphocyte development', 'food intake duration', 'interleukin-4 secretion trait', 'change in the logarithm of the vasoconstrictor dose', 'behavioral response to novel food trait', 'serum chloride', 'cerebellum foliation trait', 'superior semicircular canal morphology trait', 'innate immune response trait', 'blood adiponectin', 'tracheal-esophageal septation extent', 'total milk volume trait', 'meat homolonolenic acid', 'adult-onset diabetes mellitus incidence', 'adipose androstenone amount', 'percentage of study population developing benign hepatic tumors during a period of time', 'blood homeostasis trait', 'milk viscocity', 'interleukin-2 secretion trait', 'strial basal cell tight junction morphology', 'length of intestine affected by hirschsprung disease to total length of colon ratio', 'angiotensin 2 log half maximal effective', 'percentage of study population developing chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis during a period of time', 'calculated blood vessel endothelium measurement', 'blood alpha-1-acid glycoprotein level', 'cn-vii', 'kidney edema prevalence', 'benign hepatic tumor incidence', 'percentage of study population developing acute eae during a period of time', 'mammary gland development trait', 'thigh muscle weight', 'adipose tetradecanoic acid', 'microglial cell morphology trait', 'liver remodeling tumorous lesion number to liver total tumorous lesion number ratio', 'ventral prostate gland weight', 'axillary lymph node cell', 'milk fatty acid c20:0', 'lymph node primary follicle morphology', 'circulating interferon-alpha level', 'long bone epiphysis morphology trait', 'bone stiffness', 'inflammatory exudate cell count', 'blood ggtp activity', 'kidney integrity trait', 'dopaminergic', 'adrenal central medulla morphology trait', 'glycosylated serum protein amount', 'calculated cd8(+) cell', 'habenula', 'defecation', 'subcutaneous fat weight/ tibial length', 'urothelium', 'heart intraventricular end-diastolic wall  thickness', 'adrenal gland ribonucleic acid composition measurement', 'defecation behavior trait', 'testes mass', 'sebaceous gland morphology trait', 'motor neuron axon outgrowth', 'milk fatty acid trans-11,cis-15-c18', 'cardiac position', 'plasma renin activity', 'cornea light scattering trait', 'blood reactive oxygen metabolite amount', 'serum very low density lipoprotein cholesterol', 'blood aspartate transaminase amount', 'cecum mucosa thickness', 'heart left ventricle end-systolic internal dimension index', 'muscle heptadecanoic acid concentration', 'autonomic nervous system measurement', 'double-negative t cell numbers', 'neuron cytoplasm', 'serum phosphate', 'pericardial morphology trait', 'caudal ganglionic eminence morphology', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t-cell morphology trait', 'external germinal layer morphology trait', 'serum gpt activity', 'golgi organ morphology trait', 'egg albumen weight, fowl', 'urine phosphate level', 'angiotensin ii log half maximal effective concentration (ec50)', 'spinal nerve morphology trait', 'ean onset/diagnosis measurement', 'milk rumenic acid concentration', 'colorectal adenoma number', 'fat androstenone content', 'graafian follicle', 'serum reactive oxygen metabolite amount', 'calculated abdominal fat pad weight', 'embryonic/fetal subventricular zone morphology trait', 'reduced mature b cell', 'blood magnesium', 'bone mineral content to body weight ratio', 'aorta measurement', 'liver fibrotic lesion area to total liver area ratio', 'z disk morphology', 'allogrooming behavior trait', 'metatarsus', 'viscerocranium', 'feeding behavior', 'parturition trait', 'serum murinoglobulin 1', 'peripheral b-lymphocyte anergy', 'plasma e. coli specific antibody measurement', 'liver nonremodeling tumorous lesion', 'proprioceptive neuron morphology', 'r-eae incidence/prevalence', 'utricular spot morphology', 'kidney glomerulus volume', 'chorion morphology trait', 'onset of somite formation', 'aorta elastin amount', 'circulating anti-single stranded dna antibody amount', 'csf mineral amount', 'reflex', 'dermal layer morphology', 'femoral fat depot morphology', 'circulatory system physiology', 'subventricular zone morphology', 'total heart ventricle weight as a percentage of body weight', 'benign hepatic tumor number', 'brain ventricle/choroid plexus', 'circulating il1b', 'lymphocyte-activating factor secretion', 'limbus laminae spiralis osseae morphology', 'post-insult time to onset of experimental autoimmune neuritis', 'hepatic copper weight to liver wet weight ratio', 'pectoralis muscle size', 'milk fatty acid trans-11,trans-13-c18:2', 'age at onset/diagnosis of t1dm', 'calculated hepatic malondialdehyde', 'colorectal tumor', 'immunoglobulin light chain v-j recombination', 'periuterine fat pad morphology', 'calculated alcohol intake rate', 'plasma comp level', 'b-1 b lymphocyte morphology', 'blood bilirubin', 'rbc', 'circulating hormone', 'onset of menarche', 'areola mammae/nipple number', "e/e' wave", 'total food-derived energy intake level', 'tn3 thymocyte', 'cns synaptic transmission', 'percentage of study population developing poorly differentiated malignant colorectal tumors during a period of time', 'enzyme/coenzyme activity', 'calculated plasma acetaminophen level', 'plasma very low density lipoprotein phospholipid', 't-helper 1 cell quantity', 'organ morphological', 'serum anti-single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody level', 'antrum follicle quantity', 'serum free glycerol', 'major salivary gland morphology trait', 'primary neuromuscular spindle morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-11,trans-15-c18:2 concentration', 'serum igg-rheumatoid factor level normalized', 'calculated pancreas insulin level', 'kidney medulla cell quantity', 'ureter physiology', 'myocardium measurement', 'kneecap morphology', 'ctl cytolysis', 'milk alpha-s1-casein', 'motor nerve collateral sprouting trait', 'calculated urine electrolyte excretion rate', 'zygomatic arch morphology trait', 'tunica sclerotica morphology trait', 'fornix hippocampus morphology trait', 'calculated kidney fibrotic lesion area', 'plasma escherichia coli specific antibody', 'diabetes mellitus type i incidence', 'primary neuromuscular spindle morphology', 'urine albumin excretion rate to body weight ratio', "meissner's corpuscle morphology", 'calculated bone mineral content', 'haemolymphoid system', 'number of visits to self-feeder per day', 'blood cd45rclow cd4+ t cell', 'reticulorumen morphology trait', 'vasoconstriction measurement', 'transverse gyrus of heschl', 'seminal gland morphology', 'sexual differentiation', 'blood phytosterol amount', 'calculated islet of langerhans area', 'bone calcium content', 'trigeminal nerve mpnst formation', 'inguinal lymph gland dry weight to body weight ratio', 'bone ash content', 'stapes footplate morphology', 'frontal lobe morphology trait', 't-cell apoptosis', 'kidney, pelvic, and heart fat weight', 'purkinje cell morphology trait', 'cytotoxic t cell cytolysis', 'milk dry matter content', 'kidney cortex trpv4 protein level', 'pancreatic islet area to total pancreatic area ratio', 'external nares morphology', 'cochlear potential trait', 'hoof pigmentation', 'blood ldl-c', 'change in plasma e. coli specific antibody level after vaccination', 'macrophage phagocytosis', 'plasma albumin', 'internal acoustic meatus', 'fat depth', 'blood alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase', 'response to addictive substance', 'surface structure trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-10-c18', 't1dm incidence', 'lachrymal gland morphology trait', 'nasal mucosa goblet cell morphology', 'serum igg-rf', 'interleukin-17 secretion trait', 'meat fatty acid cis-9-c14', 'immune serum protein secretion', 'muscle/skeletal mechanoreceptor morphology trait', 'leukemia incidence/prevalence', 'dentate gyrus', 'adipose tissue distribution', 'middle cervical ganglion', 'plasma angii', 'bone physiology trait', 'right testis wet', 'iliac artery', 'kidney calyx morphology', 'hair guard cell innervation pattern', 'fat mass index (fmi)', 'diencephalon morphology', 'nasal bone morphology', 'serum corticosterone level', 'thymus trabecula morphology', 'fallopian tube length', 'pericardium morphology trait', 'talus morphology trait', 'uterus molecular composition trait', 'milk trans-16-octadecenoic acid', 'milk fatty acid c22:0 percentage', 'mesencephalic duct morphology', 'ovarian follicle size trait', 'celiac lymph node', 'transitional two stage b-cell morphology trait', 'vertebra cortical cross-sectional area', 'neuroendocrine gland physiology', 'biceps femoris muscle mass', 'ventral prostate mass', 'development trait of the thymus', 'joint mobility', 'exercise fitness', 'lateral semicircular canal morphology trait', 'type 1 helper t cell to type 2 helper t cell ratio as percentage', 'response to infection trait', 'aorta', 'blood alkaline phosphatase amount', 'mid-tibia cortical', 't-helper 2 physiology', 'longissimus thoracis muscle', 'milk fatty acid cis-11-c18:1', 'mouth shape trait', 'absolute change in adipocyte nefa secretion per unit volume', 'herpes simplex encephalitis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'pecquet duct morphology trait', 'artery wall thickness to artery total diameter ratio', 'pectoralis muscle morphology trait', 'milk palmitelaidic acid content', 'urinary bladder morphological measurement', 't-cell replacing factor secretion', 'urine osmolality', 'plasma aspartate transaminase activity level', 'cd4-negative, cd8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-cell morphology', 'pulmonary blood flow', 'aortic volume', 'nodular lymph node cortex morphology', 'circulating luteinizing hormone level', 'occipital lobe morphology', 'colostrum growth hormone concentration', 'calculated trichinosis severity', 'tracheal-esophageal septation trait', 'membrana vestibularis ductus cochlearis morphology trait', 'ratio of the area occupied by islets of langerhans to total pancreatic', 'average horizontal distance in proximity to the target  during voluntary locomotion in an experimental apparatus', 'talus size trait', 'calculated aorta morphological', 'blood rt6.1 cell', 'percent change in pulse pressure', 'labia majora shape trait', 'peritoneum pigmentation', 'cd4-cd8- t cell count', 'b-1b b-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'optic tract morphology trait', 'colliculi morphology trait', 'trophoblast giant cell morphology', 'lens size trait', 'radial glial cell morphology trait', 'number of mature b-lymphocytes', 'ethanol drink intake volume', 'colostrum igm', 'nodular lymph node cortex morphology trait', 'onset of endochondral bone ossification', 'choroid vascular morphology trait', 'urine taurine level', 'heart interventricular wall morphology trait', 'plasma afp', 'foliate papillae', 'hepatic tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 'aortic wall molecular composition', 'head movement', 'decrease in blood ethanol level to body weight ratio per unit time', 'blood interferon-alpha amount', 'milk prolactin concentration', 'blood vessel dilation expressed as percent of force at maximum constriction', 'percentage of study population developing relapsing/remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis during a period of time', 'small intestine morphology', 'serum angii', 'spinal cord protein/peptide composition measurement', 'midbrain/pons serotonin amount', 'ratio of change in renal blood flow to change in renal perfusion pressure', 'skin physiology', 'supine abdominal', 'heart ventricle size', 'individual kidney dry', 'meat linolenic acid', 'spinal cord ventral horn cellular composition', 'epididymal fat pad morphological', 'ratio of area occupied by beta cells to total pancreatic islet', 'serum total immunoglobulin g level', 'metopic suture morphology', 'artery tunica media area', 'intramuscular adipose tissue', 'arterial blood gas', 'embryonic development trait', 'milk vanilla flavor intensity', 'bone structure trait', 'hepatic tumor incidence/prevalence', 'erythrocyte ion transport', 'occipital suture morphology trait', 'creatinine clearance to body weight ratio', 'spinal column length', 'relapsing/remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis incidence/prevalence', 'rib eye area', 'circulating macrophage cell factor', 'left ventricular end-diastolic blood pressure', 'skin na+', 'palatine tonsil morphology trait', 'total protein level', 'circulating b-cell stimulatory factor-2', 'plasma immunoglobulin g', 'dn4 immature t-cell number', 'milk fat-to-protein', 'calculated hepatic glutathione', 'area of prostate occupied by tumorous lesions to total prostate area ratio', 'circulating il-21', 'longissimus dorsi weight', 'sternum', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,cis-12-c18', 'sensory ganglion morphology trait', 'astroglia morphology', 'single inguinal fat pad weight', 'heart left ventricle size', 'dressed carcass mineral content', 'circulating glucocorticoid', 'time constant of isovolumetric lv fall', 'artery tunica media', 'jejunum morphology trait', 'circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone level', 'combined food plus drink energy intake', 'blood differential wbc count', 'femur dimensions', 'synovial blood flow trait', 'fungiform papillae morphology', 'sympathetic ganglia', 'mhc class ii rt1a-positive spinal cord ventral horn', 'thymus cortico-medullary zone morphology', 'brain ribonucleic acid', 'dermis morphology', 'purkinje cell innervation pattern trait', 'radial glial cell', 'dentate gyrus morphology trait', 'cerebellar granule cell morphology trait', 'post-insult time to onset of experimental diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus incidence', 'double negative t cell', 'z band morphology', 'meat fatty acid c16', 'balt morphology', 'van horne canal morphology', 'circulating interleukin-12p35', 'optic stalk morphology', 'commissure', 'pancreatic lesion measurement', 'harderian gland physiology', 'cd4+ t cell morphology', 'osteoblast physiology trait', 'white meat', 'right adrenal gland wet weight', 'single positive t cell physiology', 'retinal neuronal layer morphology trait', 'thyroid gland wet', 'factor b physiology trait', "peyer's patch morphology", 'cerebellar purkinje cell layer morphology trait', 'pupil shape', 'blood flow trait', 'milk caproic acid content', 'serum immunoglobulin m', 'mucosa thickness of the duodenum', 'lateral geniculate nucleus morphology trait', 'brain spike-and-wave discharge rate', 'urine norepinephrine', 'vitreous', 'serum direct renin activity level', 'metacarpus number', 'upper jaw morphology trait', 'pro-b cell', 'peritoneal macrophage morphology trait', 'single testis wet weight', 't-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'mammary gland fetal development trait', 'facial nuclei cell quantity', 'egg albumen flavor trait', 'milk stomatin content', 'adrenocortical cell morphology', 'circulating il-23 alpha', 'cardiac muscle contractile force', 'interleukin-12p40 secretion', 'cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'circulating ifn-alpha level', 'ilium morphology trait', 'urine volume', 'cochlear ganglion', 'self mutilation severity composite score', 'blood direct renin activity', 'type i cell morphology', 'meat lipid content', 'colostrum steroid content', 'tibial volume measurement', 'hair down neuron morphology', 'heart ventricle septum morphology trait', 'cocaine', 'inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion morphology trait', 'milk myristic acid concentration', 'superior caval vein', 'blood xenobiotic', 'lymph node dry weight to body weight ratio', 'callosal gyrus morphology', 'circulating il-23', 'pdc morphology', 'carcass length, first rib', 'cranial nerve morphology', 'enterocolitis severity measurement', 'recovered cfu', 'lymphocyte', 'blood interleukin-23a', 'blood differential white blood cell count', 'calculated heart right ventricle weight', 'self harm measurement', 'urine protein excretion rate to body weight ratio', 'iliac artery morphology trait', 'renal/urinary', 'post-insult time to mammary tumor formation', 'kidney medulla cell', 'muscle fatty acid cis-11-c20', 'bone marrow morphological measurement', 'corium thickness', 'glomerulosclerosis damage index', 'chemokine physiology', 'phalanges', 'kupffer cell', 'percentage of study population developing chronic eae during a period of time', 'liver protein/peptide molecular composition measurement', 'absolute change in electrocardiographic low frequency r-r interval', 'urinary bladder morphological', 'milk fatty acid trans-13-14-c18:1', 'coat/hair development trait', 'blood mononuclear cell count', 'blood cd3 cell count', 'voluntary social interaction', 'one seminal gland wet', 'prostate gland integrity trait', 'both ovaries', 'maximum change in heart rate to change in mean arterial blood pressure ratio', 'ethmoid bone morphology trait', 'grooming', 'seizure rate', 'stellate ganglion morphology', 'corneal light scattering', 'ratio of ipca to total area of splenic region of pancreas', 'floccular fossa', 'meat docosahexaenoic acid content', 'rt6.1 positive t cell', 'blood enzyme measurement', 't cell receptor gamma chain v-j joining', 'kidney blood vessel physiology trait', 'absolute change in blood ph', 'hse onset/diagnosis', 'spleen red pulp morphology', 'blastocele development', 'thyroid function', 'hybridoma growth factor secretion', 'spinal cord morphology', 'fear/anxiety-related behavior trait', 'aorta weight', 'endochondral ossification initiation trait', 't helper 2 physiology', 'costal cartilage', 'brain campesterol amount', 'calculated liver tumorous lesion measurement', 'blood urea nitrogen level', 'poorly differentiated malignant colorectal tumor count', 'skin chloride', 'blood foreign compound level', 'gastric tumor number', 'il6 secretion', 'blood cpk activity', 'blood sodium level', 'left ventricular size trait', 'afferent colloid osmotic pressure', 'secretion by hypothalamus trait', 'heart blood flow measurement', 'kidney sclerotic glomerular volume', 'mantle zone morphology trait', 'blood morphology trait', 'lipid metabolism', 'blood amino acid content', 'blood paracetamol level', 'heart nefa', 'mucosa thickness of the colon', 'calculated adipocyte free fatty acid secretion', 'ethanol intake', 'calculated hepatic copper weight', 'b-1b b cell morphology trait', 'aorta elastic tissue morphology trait', 'pancreas development', 'intestine length', 'both kidneys wet weight as percentage of body', 'amphetamine', 'stomach lesion measurement', 'pro-b lymphocyte cell number', 'eicosenoic acid percentage', 'milk fatty acid trans-13-14-c18:1 percentage', 'calculated blood glycated albumin level', 'adipocyte basal glucose uptake', "meissner's corpuscle nerve fiber", 'calculated plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol level', 'enteric ganglion morphology', 'white blood cell dna synthesis', 'lymph node b cell domain morphology', 'heart tumorous lesion', 'circulating fatty acid', 'pancreatic tumorous lesion measurement', 'trigeminal motor nucleus morphology trait', 'hippocampus pyramidal cell', 'clinical measurement', 'neuron mitochondrion area to neuron cytoplasm area ratio', 'hypothalamus hva', 'gamma-delta t-lymphocyte', 'mast cell morphology', 'inflammatory exudate tumor necrosis factor alpha concentration', 'mchc', 'liver morphological', 'embryonic development', 'squamous part of temporal bone morphology', 'heart right ventricle molecular composition measurement', 'heart left ventricle interstitial norepinephrine', 'drumstick muscle-to-bone', 'blood thyrotropin', 'th1 cell to th2 cell ratio as', 'serum glutamic-pyruvate transaminase activity', 'spinal cord anterior column', 'neuronal cytoplasm area', 'circulating protein level', 'metaphysis morphology trait', 'taste physiology', 'brain wet', 'macula sacculi morphology', 'somite', 'male reproductive system morphology', 'axon guidance trait', 'antero-septal wall', 'cardiovascular system development trait', 'hypoxia-induced blood vessel dilation expressed', 'dressed carcass size trait', 'blood globulin level', 'abomasum weight', 'gastric tumor', 'secondary neuromuscular spindle size trait', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-cell morphology trait', 'brain spike-and-wave discharge amplitude', 'epicardium', 'urine color', 'calculated liver glutathione', 'egg shell lightness', 'complement classical pathway physiology trait', 'brain measurement', 'membrana hyaloidea morphology trait', 'immunoglobulin v-j rearrangement', 'stearic acid percentage', 'platelet', 'palmitic acid percentage', 'circulating lymphopoietin-1', 'polymodal receptor', 'tear production trait', 'c9 physiology', 'placenta morphological', 'mortality/survival measurement', 'il23 secretion', 'skin cell number', 'lumbar vertebra size', 'aortic wall collagen weight', 'breast size trait (poultry)', 'l5 sympathetic ganglion morphology', 'mitral valve closure to opening time', 'spiral ligament fibrocyte morphology', 'white blood cell basal level of radioactive nucleoside incorporation', 'blood free glycerol level', 'area of liver occupied by fibrosis as percentage of total liver', 'tail vertebra morphology trait', 'anti-chromatin antibody concentration', 'urine potassium level to urine creatinine level ratio', 'circulating beta-ifn', 'femur midshaft cross-sectional moment of inertia', 'molecule homeostasis', 'posterior stroma morphology trait', 'angiotensin ii response/sensitivity', 'percentage of study population displaying retinopathy at a point in time', 'prostate tumorous lesion measurement', 'hippocampus projection neuron morphology trait', 'occipitoparietal suture', 'tissue weight of the rumen', 'meat fatty acid c10', 'absolute change in left ventricular systolic blood pressure', 'perineum', 'organ system', 'belly meat percentage', 'neutrophil leukocyte', 'urine sodium level to body weight ratio', 'wool fiber curvature', 'blood molecular composition trait', 'coccygeal vertebra morphology', 'time to first movement outside a discrete space in an experimental apparatus', 'udder height, floor to tarsal joint', "cowper's gland dry weight", 'thymus epithelium morphology trait', 'log recovered cfu', 'ace activity', 'cranial flexure morphology trait', 'calculated liver propanedial', 'heart ventricle membranous septum morphology trait', 'tail body', 'thymic corticomedullary boundary morphology trait', 'coccyx morphology trait', 'lamina vitrea morphology', 'milk trans-9-hexadecenoic acid content', 'serum glucagon level', 'urine microalbumin', 'calculated heart left ventricle end-diastolic anterior wall', 'serum level of immunoglobulin g2c', 'blood development', 'methamphetamine trait', 'percent of time spent in freeze behavior', 'blood glomerular filtration rate, schwartz formula', 'thoracic vertebra morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid c20:5(n-3) percentage', 'plasma ggt activity', 'palatine bone morphology trait', 'hindlimb conformation trait', 'spleen follicle centre number', 'milk fatty acid trans-10-c18:1 concentration', 'hematopoiesis trait', 'liver glutathione level', 'meat cholesterol', 'l4 ganglion morphology trait', 'kidney renin', 'hair follicle root sheath', 'milk casein amount', 'onset of defensive burying response', 'number of entries into a discrete space in an experimental apparatus', 'heart left ventricle interstitial collagen amount', 'egg aftertaste trait', 'reticulorumen morphology', 'adrenal gland dry', 'plasma vldl phospholipid', 'ureter quantity', 'epaxial muscle', 'blood enzyme amount', 'bone marrow', 'mge morphology', 'tlr2', 'yoke bone', 'milk casein concentration', 'cerebellar cortex', 'circulating alanine transaminase level', 'incisive bone', 'hippocampus', 'external germinal layer thickness', 'salivary duct morphology trait', 'vermal uvula', 'wrist bone morphology trait', 'liver molecular composition', 'blood growth hormone', 'ventricle septal morphology trait', 'nail shape', 'l5 ultimate force', 't-helper 1 cell morphology trait', 'limbus spiralis morphology trait', 'cd8-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t cell', 'b lymphocyte physiology', 'kidney-specific lymphocyte tracer radioactivity level', 'vitreous body', 'central nervous system regeneration', 'bilateral testis tumor prevalence', 'serum phosphate level', 'vertebral column development trait', 'calculated serum anti-porcine type 2 collagen antibody titer', 'germinal center b cell physiology trait', 'the total pancreatic islet', 'corpus luteum', 'plasma ethanol level', 'neutrophil granulocyte percentage', 'blood aldosterone amount', 'small bowel', 'lip shape', 'heart right ventricle dorsal wall', 'vertebrae morphological measurement', 'mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus size', 'soft palate morphology trait', 'outer ear morphology trait', 'circulating level of thyroxin', 'growth plate morphology', 'circulating ro-23-6019', 'lung weight, dry/body weight ratio', 'blood differential leukocyte count to lymphocyte count ratio', 'sensory dissociation area morphology', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18', 'thymus size trait', 'milk vitamin', 'serum levels of lutropin', 'both suprarenal glands wet weight to body weight ratio', 'gametogenesis trait', 'dn2 cell', 'total area of head region of pancreas', 'tissue 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid amount', 'skin fold thickness', 'stratum papillare corii morphology trait', 'seminal gland weight', 'immunoglobulin light chain v-j joining', 'single testis wet weight as percentage of body weight', 'meat fatty acid trans-12-c18', 'blood creatine kinase amount', 'cornea clarity trait', 'cd4-negative, cd8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial t cell', 'effector t-lymphocyte number', 'lens induction', 'urine taurine amount', 'plasma prolactin level', 'meat collagen', 'cervix epithelium', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t-cell morphology trait', 'sebaceous gland size', 'temporalis muscle morphology trait', 'cardiac atrium', 'humerus bone mineral', 'blood regulatory t lymphocyte', 'tibia area', 'meat fatty acid c14:0 concentration', 'summary potential', 'heart muscle compact layer', 'plasma t3 level', 'tibia work to failure', 'kidney angiotensin i converting enzyme 2 activity', 'adipose fatty acid c14:0', 'calculated adipocyte free fatty acid secretion measurement', 'beta cell area as percentage of total islet of langerhans area', 'serum levels of prolactin', 'voluntary horizontal locomotion rate in an experimental apparatus', 'both ovaries wet weight', 'frontoparietal suture morphology trait', 'circulating il-3 level', 'platelet shape', 'trabecular bone', 'blood flow velocity', 'forelimb stylopod morphology trait', 'pars superior vestibularis morphology trait', 'serum oxidized glutathione level', 'rostral migratory stream morphology', 'venous blood flow rate', 'parasympathetic nervous system morphology trait', 'calculated serum anti-type 2 collagen antibody titer', 'fibula length', 'forebrain homovanillic acid', 'mesenteric artery phosphylated enos protein', 'memory b-cell morphology', 'corium morphology', 'sympathetic nerve activity', 'lymph node primary follicle morphology trait', 'caudate nucleus morphology', 'blood th2 cell count', 'macrophage migration', 'circulating interleukin-23', 'malphighian capsule morphology trait', 'meat margaric acid content', 'brain swd', 'inguinal fat pad mass', 'crista spiralis morphology trait', 'transitional stage b-cell number', 'the total pancreatic islet count', 'cd4/cd8', 'cranial ganglion x', 'benign liver tumor', 'operant conditioning behavior', 'medullary canal development', 'hair-tylotrich cell innervation pattern trait', 'ipscs', 'neutrophil leukocyte morphology', 'follicle-stimulating hormone secretion', 'b lymphocyte morphology trait', 'skeletal muscle cell size', 'anterior semicircular canal', 'post-insult time to onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis', 'renal tubule size trait', 'substantia nigra', 'muscle fatty acid c17:0', 'adipose morphology trait', 'number of b-1b cells', 'germ cell quantity', 'lymphatic system development trait', 'in vivo coagulation', 'duodenum morphology', 'score for pda', 'calculated renal vascular resistance', 'cd8-positive t cell development trait', 'adipocyte basal free fatty acid secretion', 'colostrum immunoglobulin a content', 'milk fatty acid cis-11-c20:1 concentration', 'serum vldl-c', 'circular sinus', 'feed conversion ratio', 'pancreas non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'skeletal morphological', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,trans-13-c18:2 concentration', 'serum immunoglobulin g-type rheumatoid factor level', 'oleic acid percentage', 'musculoskeletal system', 'colostrum immunoglobulin m amount', 'skin sodium level', 'calvaria morphology trait', 'ampullary crest neuroepithelium morphology trait', 'leukemia onset/diagnosis measurement', 'vitelline vascular morphology', 'hippocampus mossy fiber', 'enamel delamination', 'meat fatty acid c17:0 concentration', 'collar bone morphology', 'spleen cell', 'pancreatic beta cell physiology trait', 'blood interleukin-9 amount', 'blood sorbital dehydrogenase amount', 'primitive streak morphology', 'areola quantity', 'milk alpha-s2-casein concentration', 'blood phytosterol', 'tunica vasculosa bulbosa morphology', 'decrease in blood ethanol', 'alveolar-capillary membrane morphology', 'heart left ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid content', 'poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma incidence', 'percentage of study population displaying chronic pancreatitis at a point in time', 'salivary gland mucosal cell quantity', 'blood vessel dilation force reduction', 'anatomical relation trait', 'milk cis-vaccenic acid percentage', 'blood low density lipoprotein cholesterol', 'testis wet weight', 'nk t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-7,cis-9-c18:2 percentage', 'blood superoxide dismutase activity', 'milk fatty acid c7', 'central nervous system physiological', 'epidermis stratum spinosum cell size', 'time constant of left ventricular relaxation', 'drink intake', 'heat trait', 'tongue muscle morphology', 'gonadal fat depot morphology', 'fingernail', 'spleen germinal center size', 'non-tongue scchn tumor number', 'bv/tv', 'plasma anti-rat type 2 collagen antibody titer', 'maxillary sinus morphology trait', 'caudate-putamen', 'plasma orosomucoid 1 level', 'gluthathione peroxidase activity', 'nonolfactory cortex morphology', 'purkinje neuron morphology trait', 'suprarenal gland dry', 'single kidney wet weight', 'corpora lutea number', 'mucociliary clearance', 'il12 secretion', 'orbit size', 'kidney adrenomedullin level', 'neonate morphological', 'femur metaphysial mediolateral diameter', 'blood idl', 'interleukin-23a secretion trait', 'serum ace activity', 'total urine protein amount', 'choroid morphology trait', 'helper t cell type 2', 'the number of all cells in that exudate', 'number of ruptures of the internal elastic lamina of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries', 'il-23b secretion', 'nervous system electrophysiology', 'gastric tumor diameter', 'liver tumorous lesion diameter measurement', 'milk tetracosanoic acid percentage', 'bone work', 'tympanic ring', 'serum oxidized ldl amount', 'vascular development trait', 'lymph organ development', 'organ tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence', 'egg shell stiffness', 'calculated kidney glomerulosclerosis measurement', 'artery tunica media measurement', 'stomach glandular epithelium', 'milk fatty acid c22:5(n-3) concentration', 'bsf-2 secretion', 'xenobiotic stimulus trait', 'brain spike-wave activity frequency', 'number of stretch-attend posture movements', 'horizontal semicircular canal morphology', 'tissue protein/peptide composition measurement', 'cilia retention', 'cerebral hemispheres morphology', 'tongue squamous epithelium morphology', 'accessory nerve', 'plasma t4', 'oval corpuscle morphology trait', 'l5 drg morphology', 'follicular dendritic cell physiology trait', 'visceral endoderm', 'ventral prostate tumorous lesion size', 'serum anti-collagen antibody titer', 'blood tumor necrosis factor amount', 'enamel cell development', 'epiphysial plate', 'mast cell quantity', 'milk fatty acid c10', 'stratum basale epidermis morphology', 'snout shape', 'blood gpx activity level', 'area of liver occupied by fibrotic lesions as percentage of total liver area', 'calculated suprarenal gland', 'heart enzyme activity', 'common crus', 'mean duration of a single type ii spike-and-wave discharge train', 'superior cervical ganglion size trait', 'bone work to failure', 'blood pressure time series experimental set point of the baroreceptor response', 'fructose drink intake rate', 'single suprarenal gland weight', 'calculated heart right atrium morphological', 'dressed carcass ash content', 'helper t-cell type 2 function', 'mitral valve closure', 'intervertebral cartilage', 'fontanelle morphology', 'calculated aortic smooth muscle cell', 'tibia ultimate force', 'muller duct', 'heart ace activity', 'respiratory system morphology trait', 'b-2 b cell', 'milk fatty acid trans-11,cis-13-c18', 'calculated milk whey protein content', 'serum apolipoprotein level', 'cochlear coil number', 'lumbar vertebra total cross-sectional', 'accumbens nucleus morphology trait', 'interleukin-12b secretion trait', 'plasma ionized calcium level', 'volume of liver occupied by remodeling tumorous lesions', 'fructose food energy intake rate', 'calculated kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion', 'pulmonary ventilation trait', 'calculated plasma escherichia coli specific antibody level', 'brain activity measurement', 'heart right ventricle insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor mrna', "bruch's membrane morphology trait", 'blood xenobiotic level', 'superior vagus ganglion morphology', 'frontal suture', 'blood glucocorticoid', 'duodenum glandular crypt depth', 'menarche initiation trait', 'kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion count to total glomeruli count ratio', 'urine creatinine amount', 'blood mononuclear cell', 'urinary bladder transitional epithelium thickness', 'blood anti-parasite antibody', 'blood nh2-terminal nppb level', 'tibia/fibula cortical bone total cross-sectional', 'calculated heart left atrium morphological', 'cochlear ohc morphology trait', 'absolute change in plasma adrenaline', 'artery wall thickness to artery inner diameter ratio', 'ratio of ipca to total area of duodenal region of pancreas', 'calculated mesenteric fat pad', 'number of riel in arteries', 'paw/hand/foot/hoof morphology trait', 'heart ventricle membranous septum morphology', 'circulating epidermal cell derived thymocyte-activating factor', 'diabetes mellitus type ii prevalence', 'anxiety-related behavior', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis severity', 'neuroglia morphology', 'malignant colorectal tumor incidence', 'calculated renal cortex protein composition', 'urinary system physiology', 'heart right ventricle ventral wall', 'blood vldl particle diameter', 'retinal rod bipolar cell morphology trait', 'cervix morphology', 'circulating t-cell stimulating factor', 'kidney wet weight', 'pr_interval', 'caudal vertebra quantity', 'nk t-cell physiology', 'cortical volumetric bmd', 'chronic eae incidence', 'circulating interleukine 2', 'blood transferrin', 'prevertebral ganglion', 'optic disc morphology', 'subcutis morphology', 'circulating interleukin level', 't3 b cell morphology', 'tibia morphology trait', 'mesencephalon', 'eye pigmentation trait', 'inner hair cell stereociliary bundle orientation', 'muller cell morphology trait', 'arteriole measurement', 'muscle 7-octadecenoic acid content', 'adipose fatty acid trans-11-c18:1', 'cd8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology', 'circulating il-16 level', 'sarcomere morphology trait', 'membrana tympani', 'vena cava', 'follicular dendritic cell antigen presentation trait', 'central nervous system synapse formation', 'calculated aorta wall molecular composition measurement', 'type i muscle fiber', 'afterhyperpolarization trait', 'otolith organ', 'circulating il-21 level', 'hippocampus pyramidal neuron morphology', 'calculated serum paracetamol level', 'trichinellosis severity measurement', 'circulating ifn-gamma inducing factor', 'rhythmic behavior trait', 'ameloblast development trait', 'cochlear melanocyte morphology', 'jaw', 'response to infection', 'b-1a b lymphocyte morphology', 'prostate gland dry', 'l4 dorsal root ganglia', 'tumor necrosis factor secretion trait', 'marrow cavity', 'lymph node dry weight', 'blood campesterol amount', 'cerebral artery lumen diameter', 'adipose fatty acid cis-9-c16:1 percentage', 'mouth morphology', 'eosinophil physiology trait', "meissner's corpuscle innervation pattern trait", 'femoral fat pad morphology trait', 'pulmonary artery', 'malignant liver tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 'heart muscle cell diameter', 'frontal suture morphology', 'paravertebral ganglion morphology trait', 'blood cd45rchigh cd8 t cell count to cd45rclow cd8 t cell count ratio', 'heart left ventricular blood pressure trait', 'vibrissa retention trait', 'coat/hair morphology', 'brain ribonucleic acid composition measurement', 'retinal bipolar cell morphology trait', 'plasma alt activity', 'renal blood vessel physiology trait', 'splenic secondary b cell follicle', 'tn3 cell', 'vestibulocochlear ganglion morphology', 'dn3 thymocyte quantity', 'erythropoiesis', 'miik fat globule size', 'femur neck morphological measurement', 'plasma low density lipoprotein phospholipid', 'pancreatic islet protein/peptide composition measurement', 'renal medulla trpv4 protein level', 'kidney platinum level', 'inferior vagus ganglion of the vagus (x) nerve morphology', 'vestibular chamber morphology trait', 'liver malondialdehyde amount', 'circulating bcgf-1', 'l5 sympathetic ganglion morphology trait', 'humerus morphological', 'strial basal cell', 'innate immunity trait', 'granulocyte number', 'ileum mucosa morphology trait', 'esophagus morphology', 'common lymphoid progenitor cell', 'plasma prolactin', 'corneal thickness', 'kidney-specific lymphocyte tracer radioactivity', "schlemm's canal morphology trait", 'trigeminal motor nucleus morphology', 'blood th2-like cell count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'photoreceptor outer segment', 'hepatic tumorous lesion measurement', 'b-1 b-cell morphology', 'absolute change in electrocardiographic low frequency r-r spectral component to high frequency r-r spectral component ratio', 'serum igm-rf level normalized to a reference value', 'milk fatty acid cis-11-c16', 'conditioned place preference behavior trait', 'heart atrium morphology', 'clinical', 'lymph node-specific lymphocyte radioactive tracer measurement', 'body length, nose to tail', 'post-insult time to onset of leukemia', 'response to amphetamine', 'milk undecylic acid', 'memory b cell', 'adipocyte maximal nefa secretion', 'transitional two stage b-lymphocyte number', 'fluid regulation', 'vestibular labyrinth morphology trait', 'combined levator ani and bulbocavernosus muscle', 'somatosensory cortex morphology trait', 'sclerotic coat', 'colliculi size', 'milk leptin amount', 'circulating t-cell-replacing factor', 'skin sodium ion', 'blood comp level', 'parametrial fat pad', 'tear duct morphology', 'epidermal layer', 'meat arachidic acid percentage', 'forced expiratory volume', 'cornu ammonis morphology trait', 'pef', 'milk free calcium content', 'tegmentum size trait', 'osteoclast number', 'milk fatty acid c8:0 percentage', 'testis tumor prevalence', 'percentage of study population developing endometrioid carcinoma during a period of time', 'parasitic infection severity measurement', 'pancreatic lesion', 'milk fatty acid cis-11-c18:1 concentration', 'femur morphological measurement', 'somatic sensory system', 'egg yolk weight', 'hyperpolarization', 'urine specific gravity', 'colostrum prolactin concentration', 'vestibular system physiology trait', 'age at onset/diagnosis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus', 'plasma plant sterol and stanol level', 'spinal cord complement component 1, q subcomponent, b chain protein level', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma incidence/prevalence', 'tarsal gland size', 'anthropometric', 'ileum mucosa', 'life span', 'behavioral response to alcohol', 'ejaculation', 'milk fat yield', 'pancreatic islet physiological', 'heart left ventricle end-systolic posterior wall thickness', 'logarithm of the lesioned side motoneuron count', 'milk calcium concentration', 'milk pentadecanoic acid percentage', 'tibia midshaft', 'calculated body morphological measurement', 'natural killer cell morphology trait', 'chronic pancreatitis prevalence:', 'esophageal epithelium cell quantity', 'meat palmitic acid', 'eosinophil', 'plasmacytoid dendritic cell physiology trait', 'cornea/lens morphology trait', 'left hindlimb ankle joint diameter', 'number of naive b cells', 'hepatic copper amount', 'uvea integrity', 'absolute change in systolic blood pressure', 'proventriculus volume', 'spleen physiology', 'milk linolenic acid content', 'type i vestibular cell', 'length of intestine affected by intestinal aganglionosis to total length of colon ratio', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c16:1 percentage', "e/e' wave ratio", 'mammary gland length', 'relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis incidence', 'milk caprylic acid concentration', 'plasma estradiol', 'vestibular cochlear ganglion morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid c20:2 concentration', 'semen', 'leukocyte measurement', 'both lungs wet weight as percentage of body weight', 'dorsal horn', 'atrial appendage configuration', 'serum fructosamine', 'cd4-negative, cd8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-cell', 'conjunctival epithelium morphology trait', 'serum ctx', 'appendage morphology', 'mammary alveoli morphology trait', 'membrana vestibularis ductus cochlearis', 'stomach size trait', 'fleece', 'splenic weight', 'milk sweet flavor intensity', 'inflammatory exudate nitric oxide level', 'milk butyric acid content', 'central t-cell anergy', 'tail vertebra', 'mesenteric artery', 'total muscle', 'blood pressure time series fractal parameter', 'intestinal mucosa', 'artery intimal hyperplastic lesion area', 'seminiferous tubule diameter', 'lacrimal gland morphology', 'vertebra trabeculae cross-sectional area', 'muscle fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18', 'tissue homovanillic acid amount', 'both ears average of tympanic cavity epithelium width', 'locus ceruleus morphology trait', 'neopallium morphology trait', 'tail shape trait', 'prostate tumorous lesion prevalence', 'liver edema incidence', 'blood acrp30 amount', 'dressed carcass weight', 'plasma immunoglobulin a level', 'strial intermediate cell morphology trait', 'molar growth trait', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,cis-11-c18:2 percentage', 'prion infection trait', 'plasma anti-dsdna antibody', 'renal trpv4 protein level', 'cerebellum plate morphology', 'calculated blood flow measurement', 'lymphopoietic system morphology', 'blood idl-c', 'long bone shaft morphology trait', 'loin', 'non-lesioned side motoneuron count', 'circulating triiodothyronine', 'thalamus cell number', 'hormones in milk', 'connective tissue development', 'blood acidity-alkalinity balance', 'urinary bladder morphology trait', 'blastocoele formation', 'beta-casein', 'photoreceptor outer segment morphology trait', 'dn3 immature t cell', 'hepatic tumorous lesion volume to total liver volume ratio', 'parietal lobe', 'cochlear hair cell stereocilia', 'blood integrity', 'blood oxidized ldl', 'adipose margaric acid concentration', 'bmi', 'number of veterinary treatments', 'change in cell membrane potential', 'marginal zone b cell number', 'l5 sympathetic ganglia morphology', 'intestinal mucosa morphology', 'hepatocyte quantity', 'deltoid impression morphology', 'commissure morphology trait', 'serum noradrenaline level', 'natural killer t-lymphocyte number', 'urothelium morphology', 'viral disease onset/diagnosis measurement', 'blood urea nitrogen amount', 'right uterine horn weight', 'rearing measurement', 'heart insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor mrna', 'subscapular fat pad morphology', 'total wall', 'starting total body', 'compulsivity behavior', 'nail', 'belly meat', 'blood vessel dilation measurement', 'double-negative t cell', 'memory b cell morphology', 'kidney renin protein', 'calculated kidney cortex protein composition measurement', 'absolute change in thymus weight', 'cns', 'hemolymphoid system development', 'percentage of study population developing liver parenchymal degeneration during a period of time', 'feather morphology', 'cardiomyocyte morphological measurement', 'mpnst onset/diagnosis', 'secondary muscle spindle morphology trait', 'ductus thoracicus morphology trait', 'mucosa thickness of the cecum', 'basophil differentiation', 'measurement of voluntary horizontal locomotion in an experimental apparatus', 'bcgf-1 secretion', 'horn', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity measurement', 'sublingual salivary gland cholinergic nerve fiber organization trait', 'thorax', 'eosinophilic leucocyte morphology', 'tibio-fibular complex cross-sectional area', 'lumbar dorsal root ganglion', 'urine urotensin ii level to urine creatinine level ratio', 'post insult time to regain baseline angle of tilted plane at which balance/traction is lost', 'endocochlear potential', 'serum immunoglobulin m-type rheumatoid factor level relative to an arbitrary reference serum', 'percentage of uncategorized leukocytes', 'blood vldl triglyceride', 'artery morphology trait', 'mean duration of a single spike-and-wave discharge train', 'milk somatic cell measurement', 'prostate physiology', 'serum dopamine level', 'milk lactadherin content', 'pinna', 'aorta size', 'milk trans fatty acid content', 'meat heneicosanoic acid content', 'measurement of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response', 'colostrum immunoglobulin amount', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t cell morphology', 'maximum body weight loss', 'milk fatty acid cis-11-c18:1 percentage', 'femur midshaft cortex cross-sectional area', 'adipocyte maximum glucose uptake', 'catabloin secretion', 'fat', 'ventral prostate size trait', 'cardiac valve morphology', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t cell morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid c6:0 concentration', 'basal body', 'nasal septum morphology trait', 'final total body', 'leydig cell morphology trait', 'iga', 'plasma globulin measurement', 'calculated skin electrolyte', 'chest width', 'intramuscular adipose', 'synaptic depression', 'eosinophilic leukocyte', 'feathering', 'body morphological', 'embryo implantation', 'hepatocellular carcinoma tumor number', 'basophil granulocyte count', 'macrophage count', 'interleukin-3 secretion trait', 'heart shape trait', 'myocardial trabeculae', 'quantitative insulin sensitivity check index', 'kidney paraoxonase-1 activity to total protein level ratio', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'logarithm of the lesioned side motoneuron', 'liver beta-sitosterol', 'bilateral renal agenesis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'tectorial membrane size', 'experimental autoimmune neuritis prevalence', 'interneuron morphology', 'serum progesterone', 'meat omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid content', 'respiratory mechanics', 'calculated pancreas total protein', 'horn number', 'malleus size trait', 'renal fat depot morphology trait', 'liver granuloma severity', 'amnion', 'clotting', 'bone morphology', 'polymorphonuclear cell percentage', 'liver gst-p mrna level', 'mature b-cell', 'bmi using nose to tail body length', 'peritoneum', 'follicular b cell physiology', 'stratum spinosum thickness', 'calculated alcohol intake', 'nmda receptor mediated synaptic activity in barrel cortex', 'lateral semicircular canal morphology', 'kidney blood vessel', 'fin morphology', 'retinal progenitor cell development trait', 'proerythroblast morphology trait', 'hypertrophic cell zone', 'plasma inorganic phosphate', 'adipose heptadecanoic acid concentration', 'serum insulin-like growth factor 2 level', 'calculated blood cd8 cell', 'fontanel', 'haemolymphoid system trait', 'yolk sac', 'conjunctiva', 'anti-ssdna antibody level', 'kidney development', 'milk polyphenol concentration', 'b cell dependent cortex morphology', 'hippocampal fimbria morphology trait', 'plasmacytoid monocytes cell number', 'blood insulin-like growth factor 2', 'blood gldh activity level', 'anti-histone antibody', 'tracheal ciliated epithelium morphology', 'plasma il6', 'blood vessel stenosis', 'leukocyte physiology trait', 'leukopoiesis trait', 'circulating il15 level', 'calculated plasma insulin level', 'blood vessel endothelial cell count', 'heart electrical conduction measurement', 'plasma carboxyhemoglobin', 'qrs amplitude', 'interleukin-17 secretion', 'hearing physiology trait', 'retinal cell number', 'thoracic aorta molecular composition', 'milk colloidal calcium concentration', 'lymph node cortex', 'mammary fat depot morphology trait', 'sublingual gland morphology', 'spongy spongiosa morphology trait', 'aorta root width', 'scrotum cell', 'osteoclast physiology trait', 'lacrimal gland physiology', 'serum igg level', 'fimbra hippocampus', 'packed cell volume', 'island of langerhans measurement', 'white fat', 'lumbar vertebral trabecular cross-sectional area', 'skeletal muscle cell morphology', 'serum potassium level', 'blood cd4 cell count', 'blood low-lca t4 t cell count', 'immune system development trait', 'neurotransmitter release trait', 'change in intracerebroventricular sodium', 'milk fatty acid c20:4(n-6) concentration', 'leg trait', 'uterine weight as percentage of body', 'alpha-beta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'humerus morphological measurement', 'hypaxial muscle cell number', 'number of periods of grooming in an experimental apparatus', 'cerebellum external granule cell layer', 'blood igd level', 'circulating il-13 level', 'kidney sclerotic glomeruli count to total glomeruli count ratio', 'percentage of study population displaying kidney tubular degeneration at a point in time', 'plasma escherichia coli specific antibody level change, post vaccination', 'r-eae incidence', 'pillar cell', 'heart valve', 'meat fatty acid c20:1 percentage', 'calculated blood vessel lesion', 'spinal cord mhc class ii protein', 'vertebra cortical bone cross-sectional', 'stratum spinosum', 'blood murinoglobulin 1 level', 'heart intraventricular wall thickness', 'vertebra biomechanical', 'calculated heart left ventricle end-diastolic posterior wall thickness', 'pericardial fat pad morphology', 'mesenteric fat pad weight as a percentage of body weight', 'milk colloidal calcium', 'blood activated t cell percentage', 'humerus curvature', 'failure', 'cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t-cell morphology trait', 'spiral limbus morphology', 'total islet of langerhans area', 'hypodermis morphology', 't cell receptor v-j rearrangement', 'medullary sinus morphology trait', 'chemotactic interleukin physiology trait', 'elastic laminae', 'cochlear hair cell', 'interferon', 'pancreas molecular composition trait', 'calculated middle cerebral artery inner diameter', 'lateral ganglionic eminence morphology', 'nervous system disease', 'blood alt activity', 'cerebrum morphology', 'renal agenesis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'peritoneum morphology', 'blastocoel formation', 'serum creatine phosphokinase activity level', 'area of ventral prostate occupied by tumorous lesions', 'total protein', 'liver volume', 'serum ggt activity', 'circulating interleukin-9 level', 'immunoglobulin v(d)j recombination', 'serum ldh activity', 'pulmonary interstitium', 'lung weight to body weight ratio', 'absolute change in plasma epinephrine', 'blood basophil', 'foreskin morphology', 'heart right atrium weight to body weight ratio', 'epidermis stratum spinosum morphology', 'blood amylase amount', 'cecum muscle', 'ectoplacental cone morphology', 'blood interleukin', 'calculated acoustic startle reaction', 'optic nerve fiber number', 'scapula length', 'splenic red pulp morphology', 'dn4 thymocyte quantity', 'spinal cord beta-2 microglobulin protein level', 'round window morphology trait', 'blood adrenaline amount', 'neutrocyte', 'post ivf treatment cleaved embryo', 'percentage of study population developing liver hyperemia during a period of time', 'nipple morphology trait', 'fat thickness', 'volume of liver occupied by tumorous lesions as percentage of total liver volume', 'posterior nares morphology trait', 'hippocampus fimbria', 'multipotential colony-stimulating factor secretion', 'external meatus morphology', 'vulva', 'heart dorsal wall thickness', 'hair-tylotrich cell innervation pattern', 'pelvic arch', 'white fat cell morphology', 'serum anti-rat type 2 collagen autoantibody', 'tibia volume', 'immunoglobulin v-d-j rearrangement', 'glucagon secretion trait', 'xiphoid process', 'hsv encephalitis onset/diagnosis', 'embryonic cilia morphology trait', 'medulla oblongata morphology', 'mesenteric lymph node', 'l5 dorsal root ganglion', 'osteoblast development', 'brain sterol amount', 'craniofacial morphology', 'dn1 thymic progenitor t cell', 'plasma cholesterol level', 'cytokine physiology', 'lacrimal bone morphology', 'distal back leg circumference', 'rostral vermis morphology', 'femoral cross-section', 'area of liver occupied by tumorous nodules', 'liver tumorous lesion volume fraction', 'superficial glomeruli count', 'motor nerve terminal sprouting', 'percentage of study population displaying hse at a point in time', 'blood cartilage oligomeric matrix protein level', 'milk fatty acid c18:2(n-6) percentage', 'retroperitoneal fat pad weight to tibia length ratio', 'ovulation trait', 'brain ventricle width', 'ankylosis in experimental arthritis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'diastolic blood pressure', 'dorsal root ganglion size', 'food intake volume, single feeding', 'labia minora size trait', 'red blood cell', 'meat color', 'serum triglyceride level', 'exudate', 'timed urine volume to body weight ratio', 'trigeminal nerve', 'b cell receptor editing trait', 'bronchus morphology', 'total number of bacterial colony forming units recovered', 'poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma number', 'natural killer t cell morphology trait', 'osteoblast development trait', 'serum dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase activity', 'cervical squamous epithelum morphology', 'coat/hair morphological', 'emotion/affect behavior', 'kidney fibrotic lesion area', 'fourth ventricle morphology trait', 'liver total tumorous lesion', 'plasma triacylglycerol', 'adrenal gland physiology', 'lacrimal bone morphology trait', 'intact tumor cells in nonremodelling liver neoplastic nodules', 'diencephalon', 'nerve fiber organization', 'submandibular gland morphology', 'brain type ii spike-wave activity amplitude', 'embryonic cell/tissue', 'sinusoidal space size', 'plasma triiodothyronine level', 'stillborn offspring', 'axonal morphology trait', 'olfaction', 'helper t lymphocyte type 1 cell', 'linolenic acid percentage', 'corticosterone secretion trait', 'both ears average of tympanic cavity epithelium thickness', 'labia size trait', 'oesophagus', 'basal ganglion neuron number', 'brain commissure morphology', 'respiratory function', 'anorectal malformation incidence/prevalence measurement', 'stamina trait', 'blood nk cell', 'calculated pancreatic islet weight', 'blood apolipoprotein level', 'tail regeneration', 'nervous system', 'calculated urine urea level', 'tongue scc maximum tumor diameter', 'testis morphology trait', 'depth of the glandular crypts of the duodenum', 'colorectal adenoma', 'ankle joint diameter', 'somite morphology', 'left renal fat pad', 'calculated neuron golgi apparatus area measurement', 'deltoid process morphology trait', 'enteric cholinergic nerve fiber quantity', 'helper t cell type 1 morphology trait', 'lateral ventricle size', 'aca inner diameter', 'plasma anti-toxoplasma antibody titer', 'blood carbon monoxide', 'lv weight/tibial', 'spermatozoa', 'prickle cell layer', 'blood interleukin-2 amount', 'femoral energy', 'total drink energy intake', 'mesenteric fat depot morphology', 'blood iga', 'limb/digit', 'both adrenal glands weight as percentage of body', 'intramuscular adipocyte count to skeletal muscle volume ratio', 'serum dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase activity level', 'myeloblast', 'acoustic startle reaction', 'heart left ventricle interstitial epinephrine amount', 'male meiosis', 'vitamin and cofactor metabolism trait', 'lymph node wet weight to body weight ratio', 'heart ribonucleic acid composition measurement', 'thoracic vertebra morphology', 'ultimobranchial body morphology trait', 'heart blood pressure trait', 'corneal epithelium', 'immune serum protein activity', 'kidney plasma flow trait', 'purge loss', 'b-1a b-lymphocyte morphology', 'adult parasite', 'cachectin', 'total food calorie intake', 'myocardium morphology', 'stillbirth', 'eosinophilic leukocyte morphology trait', 'ejaculation duration', 'cardiac output', 'descemet membrane morphology trait', 'meat skatole flavor intensity', 'erpf to both kidney weight ratio', 'testis ribonucleic acid composition', 'milk omega-6 fatty acid amount', 'angiotensinogenase activity', 'colostrum leptin amount', 'glomerular filtration trait', 'brain molecular composition', 'shoulder fat weight', 'serum hdl-c level', 'glial cell morphology trait', 'heart angiotensin ii converting enzyme activity', 'colostrum volume', 'organ of corti supporting cell differentiation trait', 'langerhans cell antigen presentation', 'bile color', 'circumvallate papillae morphology trait', 'abdominal adipose', 'trichinosis severity', 'bone strength trait', 'interatrial septum', 'trigeminal nerve neurilemmoma incidence/prevalence', 'lung ribonucleic acid composition measurement', 'calculated plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol', 'alpha-beta intraepithelial t-cell morphology', 'milk structural', 'serum igf2 level', 'blood glucocorticoid amount', 'comb mass', 'lvad', 'large bowel length', 'moribundity measurement', 'corpora quadrigemina size trait', 'immune system cell quantity', 'common crus morphology trait', 'germinative layer', 'blood superoxide dismutase amount', 'mpnst measurement', 'circulating ifn-gamma level', 'hepatobiliary system development trait', 'blood beta-sitosterol', 'visceral adipose mass', 'body height at withers', 'plasma nh2-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide level', 'placental vascular morphology', 'meat fatty acid cis-9-c18:1', 'preovulatory follicle', 'serum alcohol level', 'hepatic malondialdehyde level to liver weight ratio', 'adipose molecular composition trait', 'blood t lymphocyte', 'plasma anti-type 2 collagen antibody', 'bone section structure module index', 'double-negative t cell morphology trait', 'fructose food calorie intake rate', 'anti-self antibody titer', 'total food intake volume', 'cervix squamous epithelium morphology trait', 'lung weight, wet/body weight ratio', 'cd8+ t cell', 'otic capsule size trait', 'il-1 secretion', 'milk xanthine oxidoreductase content', 'esophagus weight', 'digestive secretion', 'platelet number', 'serum anti-bovine type 2 collagen antibody level', 'edl morphology trait', 'rsna measurement', 'hypodermis morphology trait', 'vestibular dark cell', 'neurological/behavioral: addiction/drug abuse', 'behavioral circadian rhythm trait', 'levator ani/bulbocavernosus muscle weight', 'blood cd45rclow cd8 t cell count to total cd8 t cell count ratio', 'hepatic reduced glutathione level', 'dorsal basal ganglia morphology trait', 'harderian gland morphology trait', 'scapular spine morphology', 'chronic experimental arthritis incidence/prevalence', 'red fiber abundance', 'outer ear size', 'gonad morphology trait', 'bone mineral morphological', 'amniotic fold', 'skull volume', 'cerebellum cell number', 'milk fatty acid trans-10,cis-12-c18', 'dressed carcass fat weight', 'parametrial fat pad morphology', 'cd4+ t cell development', 'poorly differentiated malignant colorectal tumor number', 'cecum weight', 'paleostriatum morphology', 'hepatic malondialdehyde level', 'eyelid aperture', 'meat fatty acid c20:1', 'neuron specification', 'cannon bone circumference', 'plasma orm1', 'cd8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t-cell morphology trait', 'polymorphonuclear neutrophil morphology trait', 'isthmic organizer', 'alpha-1-acid glycoprotein', 'head development', 'calculated total heart ventricle', 'interparietal suture', 'end-diastolic heart left ventricle pwt', 'calculated liver gsh', 'xenobiotic metabolism trait', 't1 stage b cell morphology', 'pituitary tumor latency period', 'glutamate neuron number', 'dn3 alpha-beta immature t-cell number', 'cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t-cell morphology', 'milk hormone amount', 'nodose ganglion size', 'treg cell morphology trait', 'complement protein', 'circulating vldl cholesterol', 'parasite size', 'thymus dry', 'cerebellum posterior vermis morphology trait', 'helper t-cell type 1 function', 'milk fat percentage', 'serum acetaminophen auc', 'hepatic lipid measurement', 'pulmonary vein morphology trait', 'rostral-caudal axis patterning trait', 'meat conductivity', 'circulating atrial natriuretic factor', 'meat fatty acid cis-9-c18', 'b-1 b-cell', 'intercapillary cell', 'cardiovascular disease', 'periarteriolar sheath', 'blood thyroid hormone amount', 'blood neutrophil count', 'wrisberg ganglia morphology trait', 'columnar layer morphology', 'calculated plasma noradrenaline level', 'endolymphatic duct size trait', 'otic vesicle morphology trait', 'total horizontal distance covered', 'plasma vldl level', 'skin adnexa', 'hepatic remodeling tumorous lesion number to hepatic total tumorous lesion number ratio', 'response', 'biceps femoris mass', 'pigmented ventral coat/hair area to total ventral coat/hair area ratio', 'single kidney dry weight', 'brain ventricle integrity trait', "peyer's patch", 'stratum basale epidermis morphology trait', 'luteinization trait', 'tibia midshaft cortical', 'artery wall thickness as percentage of artery lumen diameter', 'lens capsule morphology trait', 'rumen morphology trait', 'tracheal ciliated epithelium', 'venous return trait', 'mouth shape', 'artery neointimal hyperplastic lesion area', 'neuronal rough endoplasmic reticulum', 'sarcomere morphology', 'rosenthal canal morphology trait', 'internal adipose amount', 'eae progression', 'bone section surface density', 'igg3 level', 'defensive burying', 'rectum', 'postimplantation loss of zygote/embryo as percentage of total litter', 'erythroid progenitor morphology trait', 'pulmonary valve configuration', 'atrial appendage configuration trait', 'plasma gpx activity', 'milk leptin', 'cochlear outer hair cell morphology', 'brown fat morphology', 'subependymal zone', 'serum levels of mammotropic factor', 'cellular extravasation', 'labyrinthus osseus morphology trait', 'vertebra trabeculae cross-sectional', 'emotion/affect behavior trait', 'lymphoid dendritic cell morphology', 'ileal smooth muscle contractility', 'aorta blood flow', 'experimental arthritis incidence/prevalence', 'morphine trait', 'pectoral girdle morphology trait', 'th2 cell differentiation', 'bone mineral density', 'transitional stage t1 b cell', 'bone physiology', 'pancreatic delta cell', 'blood phospholipid level', 'shoulder girdle morphology', 'female meiosis', 'palatine tonsil morphology', 'skull morphology', 'basophil count to total wbc count ratio', 'milk fatty acid trans-9-c16', 'milk fatty acid trans-9-c18:1', 'subcutaneous fat thickness', 'postimplantation loss of zygote/embryo', 'rostro-caudal body axis extension', 'respiratory muscle morphology', 'inferior vena cava morphology trait', 'meat tridecanoic acid', 'hypoglossal nucleus', 'laminar structure', 'blood cell development', 'meat fatty acid c18:0 percentage', 'blood gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase amount', 'sperm flagellum size trait', 'calculated ethanol drink intake volume', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'creatine kinase', 'haemolymphoid system physiology trait', 'mammary tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 'heart right ventricle morphology trait', 'blood gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase', 'receptor-dependent blood vessel maximum contractile force exoressed', 'lumbar vertebra trabeculae cross-sectional area', 'vestibular organ', 'plasmacyte cell', 'helper t cell type 1 function', 'response to amphetamine trait', 'edl', 'right lung weight/left lung', 'pancreatic islet tissue protein/peptide composition', 'milk lactoferrin', 'blood anti-single stranded dna antibody amount', 'heart ventricle septal wall thickness', 'drumstick weight', 'embryo hatching', 'urethra morphology', 'stomach tumor histology grade', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,trans-12-c18:2 concentration', 'glutaminergic neuron', 'percentage of study population displaying liver hyperemia at a point in time', 'circulating interferon type ii', 'serum alpha-fetoprotein', 'colorectal neoplasm surface area measurement', 'urine epinephrine excretion rate', 'circulating parathyroid hormone level', 'lateral prostate size', 'pyramis of cerebellum morphology', 'blood island', 'serum t4', 'frontal lobe', 'adrenal gland molecular composition', 'spleen b-cell corona', 'tcrgd cell', 'rpf', 'femur neck width', 'stomach epithelium thickness', 'milk polyunsaturated fatty acid percentage', 'posterior limiting layer of cornea', 'adrenergic chromaffin cell', 'corpus papillary morphology', 'neutrophil recruitment trait', 'body conformation trait', 'lh secretion', 'cochlear outer hair cell efferent innervation morphology', 'il1 alpha secretion', 'lumbar vertebral cross-sectional area', 'mitogen-stimulated white blood cell proliferation', 'pallium development', 'serum rat anti-self type 2 collagen antibody level', 'milk omega-3 fatty acid percentage', 'heart wall', 'heart interventricular wall thickness', 'nucleotide metabolism', 'pulmonary alveolar duct', 'lymph circulatory physiology trait', 'retina blood vessel morphology trait', 'heart muscle physiology', 'calculated blood lipoprotein', 'spleen capsule', 'thymus corticomedullary zone', 'heart effluent enzyme', 'vein', 'trophoblast giant cell morphology trait', 'trigeminal ganglion morphology', 'mitral valve morphology', 'calculated drink intake measurement', 'basal ganglia morphology trait', 'ean incidence/prevalence', 'cerebellum anterior vermis', 'stillborn offspring number', 'inflammatory exudate icosanoid measurement', 'number of perinatal live-born offspring deaths to litter size ratio', 'cn-v', 'tarsus morphology', 'adrenal gland mass', 'wbc morphology trait', 'sperm morphology trait', 'behavioral response to addictive substance', 'otic vesicle cell quantity', 'immune system physiology trait', 'muscle fatty acid c20', 'petrosal ganglion morphology', 'cge', 'serum carboxyhemoglobin', 'phalangeal cell', 'omasum morphology trait', 'scleral venous sinus', 'total milk fat', 'calculated neuronal rough endoplasmic reticulum area', 'liver damage severity measurement', 'blood t lymphocyte count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'otolith quantity', 'sublingual salivary gland cholinergic nerve fiber organization', 'blood vessel lumen diameter', 'memory t cell quantity', 'brain type i spike-wave activity rate', 'circulating interleukin-12 level', 'sympathetic nerve fiber', 'benign liver tumor number', 'drumstick muscle-to-bone ratio', 'serum reduced glutathione level', 'mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration', 'striate cortex morphology trait', 'osteoclast physiology', 'malleus morphology', 'meat fatty acid trans-9-c18', 'milk adipophilin content', 'self mutilation measurement', 'central nervous system morphology trait', 'gland development trait', 'inguinal lymph node dry weight to body weight ratio', 'phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction', 'circulating bsf-2 level', 'cervical spinal cord 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid amount', 'total glomerular', 'e wave deceleration time', 'blood alanine aminotransferase activity', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,trans-11-c18', 'cervical spinal cord dopamine amount', 'auditory nerve fiber response', 'effector t lymphocyte number', 'meibomian gland', 'cochlear ganglion cell quantity', 'response to fungal infection', 'ileum muscle thickness', 'serum idl phospholipid', 'femur morphology trait', 'parasympathetic ganglia morphology', 'blood vessel development', 'immune serum protein activity trait', 'atrioventricular node morphology', 'kidney tumorous lesion', 'milk beta-lactoglobulin percentage', 'heart muscle trabeculae morphology', 'sympathetic cholinergic neuron morphology', 'circulating p-cell stimulating factor level', 'absolute change in adipocyte free fatty acid secretion per unit volume', 'antibody', 'initial total body weight', 'uterus size trait', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis severity measurement', 'sap measurement', 'circulating level of stanolone', 'hindbrain development trait', 'lumbar vertebra cross-sectional', 'spleen secondary follicle morphology trait', 'pigmented coat/hair area', 'cochlear inner hair cell afferent nerve fiber', 'hair guard neuron morphology trait', 'egg morphology', 'femur work', 'egg shell strength', 'organ non-tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence', 'blood enzyme protein', 'benign colorectal tumor incidence', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t cell', 'spermatogonia proliferation', 'calculated heart right ventricle dna content', 'sperm head size trait', 'plasma il6 level', 'absolute change in urine 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid level', 'nervous system physiology trait', 'ratio of change in body weight to final total body weight', 'alcohol intake volume', 'alveolar-capillary barrier', 'naive b lymphocyte morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid cis-11-c20:1 percentage', 'sngfr', 'fourth ventricle size trait', 'neuron rough endoplasmic reticulum area', 'serum inorganic phosphorus level', 'calculated sperm count', 'blood sodium amount', 'squamous part of temporal bone', 'internal fat', 'number of stretched-attend posture movements', 'encephalitis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'trophectoderm', 'inflammatory exudate', 'meat connective tissue content', 'myotome', 'kidney cortex protein', 'serum tsh level', 'posterior column', 'heart dorsal wall', 'cd4 cell count', 'blood glucose level', 'learning/memory/conditioning', 'blood glucagon amount', 'lacrimal gland', 'plasmacyte cell number', 'circulating interleukin-23 p40', 'interscapular fat pad mass', 'neuronal lysosome', 'blood viscosity', 'small bowel length', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,trans-12-c18:2 concentration', 'hydrocephaly severity', 'cardiac morphology trait', 'pancreas total protein level', 'spinal cord protein/peptide composition', 'thurl', 'pigmented coat/hair', 'meat', 'blood carnitine', 'meat organoleptic trait', 'mitral valve configuration trait', 'adipose linoleic acid concentration', 'triglyceride level', 'intercostal muscle size trait', 'renal corpuscle morphology trait', 'heart right ventricle dna content', 'milk fatty acid trans-10,trans-12-c18:2', 'plasma thyroid stimulating hormone level', 'circulating b-cell stimulatory factor-1 level', 'colostrum somatic cell', 'metatarsus mass', 'placental secretion trait', 'baroreceptor physiology trait', 'percentage of study population developing pyometritis during a period of time', 'caudatoputamen morphology', 'epiglottis', 'incus size', 'ratio of the weight of a single adrenal gland to the weight of the body', 'lung ribonucleic acid', 'renal medullary blood flow rate', 'common lymphoid progenitor morphology', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'hemoglobin measurement', 'kidney tubular degeneration incidence', 'malignant liver tumor incidence', 'ventral prostate gland', 'lymphocyte cell number', 'substantia trabecularis morphology', 'blood hba1c level', 'end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (petco2)', 'fallopian tube', 'serum levels of adrenocorticotropin', 'milk xor concentration', 'plasma cell', 'cloaca septation completeness', 'testis dry weight', 'endocardial cushion size trait', 'bs/bv', 'prolactin secretion', 'milk trans fatty acid concentration', 'gamma-delta t lymphocyte morphology', 'urine protein excretion rate', 'chondrocyte morphology', 'facial bone morphology', 'teat morphology trait', 'chest development trait', 'heart protein activity measurement', 'milk fat globule diameter', 'il-1alpha secretion', 'heart right ventricle molecular composition', 'lymphoma onset/diagnosis', 'nasal bridge', 'interleukin-12a secretion trait', 'total surface area of liver occupied by tumorous lesions', 'age at onset/diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes', 'meat glucose-6-phosphate', 'spinal cord anterior horn cellular composition measurement', 'igg2b concentration', 'b-cell proliferation', 'copper homeostasis', 'interleukin-6 physiology trait', 'lactation duration', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic t-cell', 'tissue norepinephrine amount', 'prostate tumorous lesion size', 'plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol', 'oviduct morphology trait', 'logarithm of the total number of s. pneumoniae cfu in effusion plus wash', 'masseter muscle size trait', 'dorsal root ganglia morphology', 'cn-iv', 'respiratory passage morphology', 'outer ear cartilage', 'cytotoxic t cell physiology trait', 'mammary gland terminal end bud count', 'anti-single stranded dna antibody concentration', 'adipocyte free fatty acid release', 'ratio of hepatic reduced glutathione level to liver weight', 'somite shape trait', 'utricle size trait', 'lymphocyte physiology trait', 'peripheral t cell anergy', 'one epididymidis wet weight', 'score of inflammatory exudate in tympanic cavity', 'experimental arthritis severity', 'lung protein activity measurement', 'hearing physiology', 'granulocyte physiology trait', 'tendon morphology trait', 'intercalated disc', 'cranial/facial bone morphology trait', 'platelet function', 'ltp: ca3 region', 'milk fatty acid content', 'ventricle of cerebral hemisphere size trait', 'liver non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'duodenum morphology trait', 'mammary gland embryonic development', 'serum angiotensin i converting enzyme 2 activity level', 'renal blood flow rate', 'milk fatty acid c8:0', 'time of axon outgrowth', 'er-tr9 positive cell morphology trait', 'milk plasmin', 'white blood cell morphology', 'elastic laminae morphology', 'tibial energy to break', 'vascular tunic of the eye morphology', 'calculated drink energy intake measurement', 'brain type ii spike-wave activity frequency', 'cartilage', 'basisphenoid bone morphology', 'vibrissa morphology', 'whole body visceral fat volume', 'tongue tumor number', 'prevertebral ganglion cell quantity', 'auditory threshold', 'alpha-beta intraepithelial t cell', 'adipocyte baseline glucose uptake', 'posterior eye segment morphology trait', 'area of ventral prostate occupied by tumorous lesions as percentage of total ventral prostate', 'urine creatinine', 'dn1 thymic pro-t lymphocyte number', 'interscapular fat pad morphology trait', 'heart lv dna', 'bone section mineralized tissue surface area to mineralized tissue volume ratio', 'neurophysis morphology', 'behavioral response to novel object trait', 'niddm incidence', 'single adrenal gland wet weight as percentage of body weight', 'cytokine cx2 secretion', 'hind paw size trait', 'terminal bronchiole tube size', 'inner hair cell stereociliary bundle', 'spleen development', 'muscle fatty acid cis-9-c16:1 concentration', 'stratum reticulare cutis morphology trait', 'oligodendrocyte progenitor', 'il1b secretion', "peyer's patch germinal center morphology trait", 'maximum inspiratory flow (pif)', 'kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion', 'serum norepinephrine', 'allantois morphology', 'abomasum size', 'harderian gland pigmentation', 'body movement/balance measurement', 'rump', 'cornea curvature', 'ultimobranchial body', 'intestinal aganglionosis severity', 'onset of osteogenesis', 'plasma anti-bovine type ii collagen antibody', 'heart ace2 activity', 'urine podocalyxin', 'hdl', 'total enos protein', 'blood vessel measurement', 'skin layer morphology trait', 'hematolymphoid system physiology', 'abdominal morphological measurement', 'geniculate ganglion size trait', 'serum insulin-like growth factor 1 level', 'forestomach mass', 'renal vasculature', 'kidney rna composition measurement', 'renal tubular degeneration prevalence', 'summary potential intensity', 'femur ip', 'blood ph', 'uterine', 'foregut morphology', 'brain electrophysiological measurement', 'frontal bone morphology trait', 'serum immunoglobulin m-type rheumatoid factor level relative', 'blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier morphology trait', 'memory t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'milk color yellowness', 'cone electrophysiology', 'plasma cell development', 'total pancreatic tissue protein/peptide composition', 'blood th cell', 'vibrissa shape', 'blood estradiol level', 'afferent arteriolar plasma protein', 'meat arachidonic acid percentage', 'z line configuration', 'liver wet weight as percentage of body weight', 'behavioral response to thermal stimulus', 'social behavior', 't-cell receptor positive thymic lymphocyte', 'milk hormone content', 'muscle thickness of the duodenum', 't cell physiology', 'urine dopamine level', 'temporal lobe', 'clara cell quantity', 'plasma glutamate dehydrogenase activity level', 'hair shaft morphology trait', 'blood cd45rchigh cd4 t lymphocyte count as percentage of total lymphocytes', 'dorsal root ganglion morphology trait', 'ean severity score', 'haller tunica vascula morphology trait', 'transitional three stage b lymphocyte morphology', 'interferon-beta secretion', 'seminiferous tubule morphology', 'atrioventricular canal', 'zygomatic bone', 'pacemaker', 'number of b-1a cells', 'spleen follicle centre morphology trait', 'total number of ova per superovulation/artificial insemination event', 'spinal cord ventral horn t lymphocyte cell count', 'liver oxidized glutathione', 'immune system cell morphology', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity', 'cerebellum plate morphology trait', 'meat trans-vaccenic acid content', 'number of degenerate embryos per superovulation/artificial insemination event', 'motor nerve fiber quantity', 'hindquarter morphology trait', 'tricuspid valve configuration', 'social interaction trait', 'capillary permeability', 'cd4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology', 'hypoglossal nerve morphology', 'epidermis', 'cerebrovascular non-tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence', 'shank', 'lung weight, single', 'adipocyte morphology trait', 'plasma ggtp activity level', 'dorsal striatum morphology', 'memory b cell quantity', 'tibia midshaft cortical cross-sectional area', 'pupil size', 'kidney cortex morphology', 'choroid vasculature', 'intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology', 'meat chewiness', 'sperm production', 'circulating p40 t-cell growth factor level', 'age at first breeding', 'sinus node', 'mast cell development', 'urethra width', 'prostate gland wet weight', 'anti-rbc antibody', 'cochlear inner hair cell efferent nerve fiber organization', 'l4 ganglion', 'zona pellucida morphology', 'swallowing reflex', 'heart infarction area', 'trabecular bone morphology trait', 'spleen trabecular vein morphology trait', 'triacylglycerol level', 'ligament', 'calculated sperm', 'nk t cell morphology', 'blood iron amount', 'aorta wall phosphylated enos protein', 'multipotent stem cell morphology trait', 'right atrial', 'plasmacytoma growth factor secretion', 'cervicothoracic ganglion', 'plasma mug1', 'rib attachment trait', 'skeletal muscle cellular composition trait', 'basilar bone morphology', 'epididymis weight', 'percent change in left ventricular developed pressure', 'milk fatty acid c11', 'serum creatinine', 'mammary alveoli epithelial cell quantity', 'retinal cone bipolar cell', 'herpes simplex encephalitis incidence', 'scleral venous sinus morphology', 'cochlear nerve fiber response', 'response to bacterial infection trait', 'malpighian corpuscle', 'blood t cell', 'circulating b-cell differentiation factor-2', 'milk technological trait', 'percentage of study population developing hematuria during a period of time', 'blood a1i3', "ruffini's corpuscle morphology trait", 'cranial ganglion xi morphology trait', 'circulating plasmacytoma growth factor', 'blood cd4th1 cell', 'food intake weight to body weight gain ratio', 'sphenoid bone', 'diaphragm', 'blood ldl cholesterol', 'total area of pancreas tail region', 'kidney 20-hete level', 'metatarsal bone morphology', 'behavioral circadian rhythm', 'meat cis-10-pentadecenoic acid', 'brown fat', 'purkinje cell layer lamination integrity', 'age at onset/diagnosis of t2dm', 'cd8-positive t cell physiology', 'humerus strength', 'cochlea morphology trait', 'tibia work', 'femur neck', 'circulating corticotropin-releasing hormone', 'body movement', 'ventral horn', 'parotid salivary gland cholinergic innervation pattern', 'equilibrioception system morphology', 'plasma t4 level', 'cataract onset/diagnosis', 'embryonic erythrocyte morphology trait', 'habenular nucleus', 'tongue morphology trait', 'sympathetic cholinergic neuron morphology trait', 'cardiocyte morphological measurement', 'kidney glomerulus morphological', 'otoconia size trait', 'basal lamina morphology', 'calculated pulmonary vascular resistance normalized', 'diaphragm size trait', '5-ht physiology trait', 'viral disease onset/diagnosis', 'femur cortex cross-sectional area', 'tibia volume measurement', 'lymphoid system development', 'baroreceptor', 'thymus subcapsular epithelium', 'blood lipid measurement', 'post-immunization time', 'external nares', 'blood cd4 lymphocyte count as percentage of total lymphocytes', 'percentage of study population displaying type 2 diabetes mellitus at a point in time', 'serum phosphorus level', 'meat fatty acid c20', 'serotonin amount', 'pancreatic islet beta-cell', 'perigonadal fat pad morphology trait', 'circulating b cell stimulatory factor-2 level', 'blood band neutrophil', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,trans-11-c18:2 concentration', 'blood vldl triglyceride amount', 'il-8 physiology trait', 'number of immature b cells', 'belly weight', 'muscle/skeletal mechanoreceptor morphology', 'renal fat pad morphological', 'inner hair cell stereocilia', 'cochlear chamber morphology', 'colostrum yield', 'lymph node', 'kidney tissue protein/peptide composition measurement', 'heart right atrium morphological measurement', 'superior glossopharyngeal ganglion morphology trait', 'blood gssg level', 'testis', 'hepatic system morphology trait', 'type 1 diabetes mellitus incidence', 'dendritic cell development', 'circulating ru-49637', 'muscle unsaturated fatty acid', 'prickle cell layer morphology', 'abdominal fat', 'experimental autoimmune uveitis severity measurement', "rathke's pouch", 'central nervous system glial cell morphology', 'vestibular window', 'sperm morphology', 'middle ear', 't lymphocyte clonal deletion', 'cerebellum vermis lobule ix morphology', 'cerebral cortex pyramidal cell morphology', 'circulating b-cell stimulatory factor-2 level', 'lens epithelium morphology', 'absolute change in kidney vascular resistance', 'heart left ventricle diastolic volume-axis intercept (v0)', 'hypopharynx', 'skeletal muscle area', 'tnf physiology', 'blood nk cell count', 'forestomach', 'pancreas', 'serum anti-dsdna antibody titer', 'blood granulocyte', 'calculated arterial intima hyperplasia area', 'interscapular fat depot morphology', 'stria vascularis ductus cochlearis', 'circulating il-1alpha', 'energy metabolism trait', 'benign colorectal tumor number', 'carbohydrate metabolism', 'vestibular canal morphology trait', 'duodenum', 'calculated renal glomerulosclerotic lesion measurement', 'total horizontal distance travelled in an experimental apparatus', 'milk cluster of differentiation concentration', 'embryonic/fetal subventricular zone morphology', 'larynx morphology', 'blood apolipoprotein ai level', 'enterocyte', 'blood sterol', 'lens orientation', 'viable sperm percent', 'telencephalon development', 'helper t-cell type 2', 'salivary gland morphology trait', 'atrioventricular node', 'inguinal lymph nodes wet', 'cervical epithelium morphology', 'colostrum amount', 'age at onset/diagnosis of t1d', 'blood glycosylated hemoglobin', 'somatic sensory system morphology', 'eicosanoid amount', 'respiratory muscle', 'eye posterior chamber', 'serum sodium', 'spleen b cell corona morphology trait', 'blood parathyroid hormone', 'ileum crypt of lieberkuhn width', 'shank length', 'colorectal cancer incidence', 'venous return amount', 'blood interleukin-12a amount', 'total spinal cord ventral horn area', 'plasma dehydroepiandrosterone', 'ratio of the count of pancreatic islets with adjacent inflammatory infiltrate to total pancreatic islet', 'blood monocyte', 'circulating gamma-interferon level', 'periarteriolar sheath morphology', 'both inguinal fat pads weight', 'kidney measurement', 'muscle tone', 'milk fatty acid trans-12,trans-14-c18:2', 'total vertebra number', 'corpus epididymis morphology', 'premaxillary bone', 'milk fatty acid c22:5 n-3', 'labyrinthus vestibularis morphology trait', 'cd8-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t cell morphology trait', 'proximal convoluted tubule morphology trait', 'orosomucoid 1', 'lip vermillion border', 'blood ethanol level at loss of balance/traction', 'serum ast activity level to alt activity level ratio', 'chemoreceptor morphology trait', 'number of offspring', 'large intestine orientation trait', 'heart left ventricle weight', 'cd4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'meat heptadecanoic acid content', 'pressoreceptor', 'liver tumor incidence/prevalence', 'spinal cord anterior column cellular composition measurement', 'body conformation', 'involuntary movement trait', 'single lung wet', 'clean fleece', 'muscle rna composition', 'mammary duct morphology', 'loop of henle morphology', 'blood glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity', 'hensen cell morphology', 'blood circulatory physiology trait', 'heart left ventricle end-systolic area', 'milk iodine', 'ureter morphological measurement', "reichert's cartilage development trait", 'endocrine gland function', 'circulating interleukin-12p35 level', 'serum igm-rheumatoid factor level normalized to a reference value', 'large intestine morphology', 'heart nucleic acid', 'blood segmented neutrophil', 'retroperitoneal fat pad weight to body weight ratio', 'barrel cortex organization', 'breathing frequency', 'pulmonary valve morphology', 't cell number', 'substantia nigra morphology', 'total area occupied by islets of langerhans', 'neuronal lysosome area measurement', 'egg shell thickness', 'skin electrolyte', 'normal saline intake volume', 'meat androstenone flavor intensity', 'blood vessel wall thickness', 'blood plant sterol and stanol amount', 'henle membrane', 'yolk sac vasculature morphology trait', 'calculated milk fat content', 'neutrophil count', 'blood gonadotropin', 'tissue peptide hormone composition measurement', 'cd8-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t cell quantity', 'acute phase protein', 'spiral ganglion cell number', 'immature b lymphocyte', 'lens bow organization trait', 'stomach tumor prevalence', 'anterior segment morphology', 'geniculate ganglion size', 'absolute change in pituitary gland weight', 'tibia midshaft width', 'blood norepinephrine', 'fat pad morphology trait', 'blood t helper cell percentage', 'ana', 'milk undecanoic acid content', 'spleen b cell corona', 't-helper 1 cell differentiation trait', 'serum antibody level', 'artery total diameter', 'tissue weight of the oesophagus', 'tyrosinase activity trait', 'granule layer thickness', 'kidney physiology', 'cervix squamous epithelium morphology', 'the total volume of fluid consumed', 'total pancreatic islet area', 'egg yolk morphology trait', 'iris development', 'gall bladder morphology trait', 'palatine bone', 'mature b lymphocyte', 'striatum morphology', 'milk sulfate', 'transitional stage t3 b cell morphology trait', 'colostrum steroid amount', 'bulbourethral gland weight', 'r_flow100', 'palatine gland ductal branching', 'so/ai', 't helper factor secretion', 'kidney glomerulus morphology trait', 'ifn-beta secretion', 'blood ammonia', 'cardiac ventricle', 'neurotransmitter amount', 'bone ip', 'serum insulin level to serum glucose level ratio', 'keratinocyte morphology trait', 'pituitary tumor incidence', 'calculated cardiac output measurement', 'cochlear ganglion size trait', 'vibrissae morphology', 'hdl level', 't-helper 1 cell differentiation', 'calculated adipocyte glucose uptake measurement', 'pdc cell number', 'myocardial flow rate', 'kidney fibrotic lesion', 'lymph organ physiology', 'macrophage cell', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta treg morphology', 'oocyte morphology', 'righting response', 'absolute change in serum insulin level', 'milk trans-10-octadecenoic acid', 'midbrain/pons dopamine', 'kidney development initiation trait', 'malignant colorectal tumor surface area', 'ligament morphology', 'avoidance learning behavior trait', 'nasal cavity', 'lateral prostate mass', 'spongy spongiosa morphology', 'membrana tympani morphology', 'subependymal plate', 'right lung weight/left lung weight ratio', 'milk flow trait', 'blood cytokine', 'aortic smooth muscle cell', 'operant conditioning behavior trait', 'udder height, floor', 'right ventricular', 'percent change in body', 'pp interval', 'serum ggt activity level', 'esophagus development', 'leukocyte transmigration', 'inferior vagus ganglion of the vagus (x) nerve', 'serum cystatin c level', 'blood glutamic-pyruvate transaminase activity level', 'seminal gland mass', 'brain swd measurement', 'blood vessel wall', 'back fat thickness, last lumbar vertebra', 'total pancreatic islet count', 'blood agp level', 'colostrum hormone concentration', 'agd', 'testis morphology', 'cardiac muscle cell', 'island of langerhans', 'percentage of entries into a discrete space in an experimental apparatus', 'marginal zone b cell physiology trait', 'tail body length', 'peptidergic neuron morphology', 'leydig cell morphology', 'change in transmembrane potential', 'neuroglia', 'serum alanine aminotransferase activity level', 'hypertrophic chondrocyte zone morphology', 'milk fatty acid c22:0 concentration', 'nose', 'plasma anti-rat type 2 collagen antibody', 'juxtaglomerular complex morphology trait', 'cn-x morphology', 'kidney normal glomeruli', 'splenic ifn gamma-secreting mononuclear cell', 'cranial nerve', 'il-1b secretion', 'mesencephalic vesicle morphology', 'intestinal aganglionosis severity measurement', 'glomerulus', 'aqueduct of sylvius', 'basal rsna', 'mammary gland integrity trait', 'circulating il10', 'milk fatty acid cis-11-c20', 'calculated liver remodeling tumorous lesion', 'inferior vagus ganglion morphology trait', 'cervical lymph node', "peyer's patch follicle morphology", 'circulating interferon', 'basophil count', 'mammary ductal tree branching', 'heart left ventricle capacity', 'platelet intracellular calcium level', 'number of apoptotic cells', 'lymph organ size trait', 'prostate epithelium morphology trait', 'colostrum leptin concentration', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue number of tumors with diameter greater than 3 mm', 'extraembryonic tissue physiology trait', 'circulating interleukin-23p19 level', 'trigeminal ganglion', 'vibrissae pattern', 'serum angiotensin i level', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t lymphocyte', 'absolute change in ekg lf/hf ratio', 'brain type ii spike-wave activity severity grade', 'blood chylomicron', 'transitional stage b-cell', 'pancreas molecular composition', 'post insult time', 'thymus morphology', 'callosal gyrus', 'splenic red pulp', 'vagus ganglion', 'serum levels of thyropic hormone', 'milk lauroleic acid content', 'circulating ldl cholesterol amount', 'c6 physiology', 'cd8+ t cell development trait', 'fetal body', 'carcass temperature', 'urinary system development', 'blood osteocalcin', 'mature ovarian follicle number', 'bronchial epithelial cell', 'aqueous vein', 'kidney medulla development trait', 'sebaceous lipid secretion trait', 'brain homovanillic acid', 'metformin drink intake rate', 'chronic experimental arthritis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'induced arthritis severity measurement', 'blood sulfate level', 'thymus capsule morphology trait', 'ureter luminal epithelial cell quantity', 'loin fat thickness', 'blood ig amount', 'hypophysis morphology trait', 'seminal vesicles morphology', 'meat color redness', 'percentage of study population developing leukemia during a period of time', 'cerebellar anterior vermis', 'thigh muscle-to-bone', 'humerus bone mineral content', 'factor d physiology', 'milk trans-9,trans-12-octadecadienoic acid', 'blood xenobiotic amount', 'urine 3-hydroxybutyrate level', 'posterior horn morphology', 'endolymphatic duct size', 'stroke', 'plasma cartilage oligomeric matrix protein level', 'macrophage differentiation', 'blood interleukin-1 alpha amount', 'right ovary wet', 'rt6.2 t lymphocyte count', 'infection severity', 'liver cell', 'blood luteinizing hormone amount', 'hassal body morphology', 'addictive substance', 'total heart left ventricle', 'percent change in hematocrit', 'intestinal epithelium', 'hindlimb mass', 'calculated blood ethanol level', 'calculated ts/c cell', 'plasma bicarbonate', 'cardiac muscle', 'intermaxillary bone', 'hematogenesis', 'heart anterior wall', 'surface structure development', 'common myeloid progenitor cell', 'spleen follicle centre size', 'ethanol drink intake rate', 'stratum reticulare corii', 'adipose fatty acid trans-11-c18:1 percentage', 'mullerian duct', 'front feet phalanges', 'b-cell stimulatory factor 1 secretion', "cowper's gland ductal cell", 'nk cell development', 'macrophage cell factor secretion', 'circulating testosterone level', 'whole body morphological measurement', 'metallophilic macrophage morphology', 't cell receptor alpha/beta positive cell', 'artery lumen', 'behavior', 'circulating myeloid differentiation-inducing protein level', 'urinary system integrity trait', 'corneal stroma development trait', 'spleen gc size trait', 'enterocolitis severity composite score', 'caudate-putamen morphology', 'hair follicle morphology', 'percentage of study population displaying colonic aganglionosis at a point in time', 'tooth hard tissue', 'muscle nerve fiber organization trait', 'cochlea size', 'age at time of death', 'meat protein content', 'heart contractility', 'infection onset/diagnosis measurement', 'cerebrum cell number', 'thyroxine', 'blood estradiol amount', 'cd4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte', 'spleen marginal zone morphology trait', 'mammary alveoli morphology', 'primary somatosensory cortex morphology', 'circulating hematopoietin-2', 'kidney sclerotic glomeruli count', 'plasma urea nitrogen level', 'kidney superoxide dismutase to paraoxonase-1 activity ratio', 'muscle thickness of the gizzard', 'fenestra vestibuli', 'placenta physiology', 'white lipocyte size trait', 'circulating cytokine cx2', 'spiral crest morphology trait', 'calculated left ventricular end-diastolic blood pressure', 'cardiac molecular composition measurement', 'circulating interleukin-12 beta chain', 'meat water', 'tunica vitrea', 'waist/hip ratio', 'skeletal muscle length', 'sphenoparietal suture morphology trait', 'serum levels of somatropin', 'absolute change in ecg lf/hf ratio', 'serum androstenedione', 'gonad rudiment morphology trait', 'transitional stage t3 b cell morphology', 'serum got activity', 'b cell dependent cortex', 'blood interferon amount', 'aorta wall phosphylated enos level', 'pyramid of vermis', 'number of podocytes per  kidney glomerulus', 'scrotum size', 'hippocampus projection neuron morphology', 'milk secretion trait', 'muscle fatty acid c18:3 n-3', 'membrana basilaris', 'progenitor b cell', 'blood cell number', 'pituitary gland hyperplastic lesion incidence', 'hippocampus layer morphology', 'deep cortex morphology', 'plasma estradiol level', 'plasma ethanol', 'antigen presentation', 'fenestra rotunda morphology trait', 'natural killer cell cytolysis trait', 'vestibular hair bundle shaft connector morphology trait', 'percentage of study population displaying trigeminal nerve mpnst at a point in time', 'number of visits', 'tongue squamous epithelium', 'cerebrovascular system', 'respiration trait', 'forebrain', 'blood pressure time series first order moving average coefficient', 'b1 cell number', 'thymus ribonucleic acid', 'plasma immunoglobulin m', 'mean arterial blood pressure', 'serum interleukin-6 level', 'serum very low density lipoprotein phospholipid level', 'colon muscle thickness', 'tibial curved length', 'pancreatic beta cell physiology', 'heart left ventricle end-diastolic posterior wall index', 'membrana statoconiorum morphology', 'medullary pyramid size trait', 'milk capric acid content', 'malignant colorectal neoplasm surface area', 'periodontal ligament morphology trait', 'anus morphology trait', 'b-1b b cell quantity', 'serum alkaline phosphatase activity level', 'gaba neuron quantity', 'scapula size', 'logarithm of the lesioned side motoneuron count to non-lesioned side motoneuron count ratio', 'average daily food intake weight', 'withdrawal response to addictive substance', 'midbrain cell', 'urinary bladder transitional epithelium morphology trait', 'kidney tubule quantity', 'maxillary palatial process', 'transitional three stage b-cell', 'aorta weight to aorta length to body weight ratio', 'receptor-independent contractility', 'spleen cell morphology trait', 'endolymphatic sac size trait', 'atrioventricular canal partitioning trait', 'total body fat', 'cd8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t cell', 'milk fat globule-egf factor 8 protein content', 'meat c18:3 n-6 content', 'splenic cell count', 'scala media', 'percentage of study population displaying hepatocellular carcinoma at a point in time', 'alanine aminotransferase level', 'plasmacytoid monocyte morphology trait', 'milk trans fatty acid measurement', 'substantia trabecularis morphology trait', 'visual axis alignment trait', 'corpus luysi morphology trait', 'mammary gland secreted fluid morphology trait', 'osteoblast cell count', 'heart nefa level', 'osteoplast physiology', 'heart triglyceride level', 'blood alpha-1-acid glycoprotein', 'fourth ventricle', 'serum albumin', 'blood interferon-gamma level', 'tissue dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac)', 'thymus cell', 'respiration', 'blood insulin level area under curve (auc)', 'kidney glomerulus integrity', 'mammary gland embryonic development trait', 'cranial ganglion', 'muscle fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18:2', 'purkinje cell layer lamination integrity trait', 'cerebral cortex thickness', 'allogrooming behavior', 'kidney non-tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence measurement', 't cell differentiation', 'cardiac atrium morphology trait', 'egg white weight, fowl', 'exocrine pancreas morphology trait', 'tibia cortical bone midshaft cross-sectional', 'immune system trait', 'mammary gland tumorous lesion measurement', 'heart septal morphology trait', 'plasma e. coli specific antibody level, post challenge', 'thymic corpuscle morphology', 'inferior vena cava morphology', 'tunica vasculosa oculi morphology trait', 'cornea morphology', 'neurological/behavioral: parental behavior anomalies', 'milk linoleic acid content', 'niddm prevalence', 'normal spermatozoa percent', 'coat/hair pigmentation', 'sodium nitroprusside-induced blood vessel dilation expressed', 'renal medulla cell number', 'spleen ribonucleic acid amount', 'kidney papilla', 'malignant colorectal tumor', 'meat linolenic acid content', 'blood lipoprotein particle diameter', 'lifetime offspring', 'tongue scc number of tumors with diameter greater than 5 mm', 'forelimb long bone morphology trait', 'cataract prevalence', 'spleen b cell follicle morphology', 'adipose fatty acid c17:0 content', 'menarche initiation', 'posterior cornu morphology', 'meat fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18:2', 'semimembranosus size', 'palatine palatal process morphology trait', 'abdominal fat pad mass', 'heart ventricle relative wall', 'serum free fatty acids', 'aorta wall total intracellular protein', 'palatine gland', 'heart left ventricle morphological', 'embryo size trait', 'cervix morphology trait', 'conjunctival vascular morphology trait', 'circulating t-cell replacing factor level', 'milk eicosanoic acid', 'hypertrophic cell zone morphology', 'plasma agp level', 'vibrissae', 'palisade layer morphology trait', 'intestinal adipose weight', 'milk cd36 molecule content', 'single cell response', 'b-cell', 'mammary alveoli diameter', 'blood insulin-like growth factor 1', 'renal corpuscle morphology', 'cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t-lymphocyte', 'percent change in heart rate', 'trigeminal nerve neurilemmoma prevalence', 'circulating interleukin-12a', 'testis development', 'mcgf-2 secretion', 'helper t-lymphocyte type 2 function', 'islet of langerhans non-tumorous lesion', 'statoconial membrane', 'spleen cell count', 'calculated spleen', 'latency of experimental diabetes mellitus', 'celiac lymph node morphology trait', 'milk alpha-s2-casein', 'circulating hdl cholesterol amount', 'latency to locate a hidden target platform in an experimental apparatus', 'igl morphology trait', 'leydig cell quantity', 'blood th2-like cell count', 'head trait', 'meat texture', 'malar process', 'interventricular septum configuration trait', 'aspartate aminotransferase level', 'transitional three stage b-cell morphology', 'kidney adrenomedullin', 'milk iodine amount', 'inguinal lymph gland wet weight to body weight ratio', 'ventricular trabeculae', 'circulating tnfa', 'hypothalamus epinephrine', 'indirect plasma bilirubin level', 'suppressor t cell number', 'craniofacial morphology trait', 'aganglionosis extent', 'zygomatic arch', 'heart septum morphology trait', 'hair retention', 'social behavior trait', 'liver sitosterol level', 'mammary tumor latent period', 'tibia width', 'vasodilation', 'scrotum size trait', 'reproduction', 'b-2 b lymphocyte morphology trait', 'milk phosphorus', 'thyroid gland morphology', 'absolute change in pituitary gland', 'lymphoid stem cell morphology', 'tumor necrosis factor alpha level', 'cervix squamous epithelium', 'distal hind limb circumference', 'milk palmitoleic', 'prostate tumorous lesion frequency', 'total pancreatic area', 'pulmonary ventilation', 'circulating il', 'glial cell physiology', 'glandula pinealis', 'white lipocyte morphology', 'urine vanillylmandelic acid', 'artery wall thickness as percentage of artery total diameter', 'b-2 cell', 'milk fat globule surface area', 'spinal cord ventral horn cd3(+) cell', 'urinary bladder epithelium morphology', 'acoustic startle response measurement', 'calculated blood lipoprotein level', 'tail tip bmi', 'dn4 alpha-beta immature t lymphocyte', 'fungal infection trait', 'serum antibody', 'serum paracetamol level area under curve (auc)', 'splenic central arteriole morphology trait', 'methylenedioxymethamphetamine', 'tissue ribonucleic acid composition measurement', 'plasma cell quantity', 'touch perception trait', 'serum anti-collagen antibody', 'plasma anti-e. coli antibody', 'ductus endolymphaticus morphology', 'interleukin-1 beta secretion', 'cochlear canal size trait', 'muscle myristic acid', 'cardiomyocyte', 'medulla oblongata hva amount', 'zygomatic process of maxilla morphology', 'medulla oblongata serotonin', 'percentage of study population displaying mammary tumors at a point in time', 'hensen cell morphology trait', 'skin tensile strength', 'brain phytosterol level', 'wbc morphology', 'single cell response intensity', 'inferior olivary complex morphology', 'locomotor activity trait', 'esophagus morphology trait', 'calculated liver tumorous lesion number', 'liver odc activity', 'cd4+cd8+ t cell morphology trait', 'prolactin-positive cell', 'medullary sinus morphology', 'kidney protein carbonyl level', 'calculated saccharin drink intake volume', 'milk protein percentage', 'base of stapes', 'experimental allergic neuritis prevalence', 'circulating interleukin-6', 'calculated alcohol intake volume', 'single suprarenal gland', 'blood antidiuretic hormone', 'heart left ventricle infarction weight as percentage of total heart left ventricle', 'percentage of study population developing pituitary gland hyperplastic lesions during a period of time', 'herpes simplex viral encephalitis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'plasma cpk activity level', 'yolk sac vascular plexus morphology', 'lymphocyte tracer radioactivity', 'right atrial volume', 'adipose unsaturated fatty acid amount', 'longissimus dorsi morphology trait', 'regulatory t cell physiology', 'langerhans cell function', 'plasma anti-ssdna antibody level', 'circulating interferon-alpha', 'blood r73 cell', 'forelimb morphological measurement', 'joint capsule morphology trait', 'musculus papillaris morphology', 'auditory ganglion morphology', "bowman's capsule size", 'uterine horn morphological measurement', 'atrial septal', 'prostate tumorous lesion', 'hsv encephalitis onset/diagnosis measurement', 't cell apoptosis trait', 'serum urea nitrogen level', 'monocyte development trait', 'inferior caval vein morphology trait', 'pubis', 'gastric mucosa morphology trait', 'concentration of potassium chloride at which the force of blood vessel contraction is half the maximum value (ec50)', 'calculated inflammatory exudate icosanoid measurement', 'egg albumen morphology', 'number of total glomeruli', 'spleen germinal center quantity', 'circulating il-7 level', 'neutrophil leukocyte physiology trait', 'ham percentage', 'common lymphoid progenitor', 'blood interleukin-15 amount', 'plasma cystatin c level', 'superior glossopharyngeal ganglion size', 'internal granule layer morphology trait', 'laryngeal mucosa goblet cell', 'spinal cord anterior horn cd3-positive cell', 'ethanol intake volume to total fluid intake volume ratio', 'cancellous bone morphology', 'integumentary system trait', 'food energy intake level to body weight ratio', 'ventral prostate tumorous lesion area measurement', 'skeletal muscle fiber size', 'milk palmitoleic acid concentration', 'central b cell anergy', 'adrenal gland renin level', 'aorta mass to aorta length to body mass ratio', 'trophoblast layer morphology trait', 'collar bone', 'immunoglobulin v-d-j joining', 'palatal shelf morphology', 'plasma calcium level', 'neuronal rer', 'cerebellar cortex morphology', 'lumbar vertebral cortical cross-sectional', 'poorly differentiated malignant colorectal neoplasm surface area', 'serum thyroxine level', 'monocyte count as percentage of total white blood cells', 'integumentary system development trait', 'alcohol intake', 'growth plate morphology trait', 'inguinal fat depot morphology', 'mineral absorption', 'pituicyte count', 't cell receptor delta chain v(d)j joining', 'calorie intake rate from food', 'glutamate neuron', 'platelet activation trait', 'blood glutathione peroxidase activity level', 'mammary blood flow', 'hepatocyte apoptosis trait', 'calculated blood vessel contractile force measurement', 'transitional three stage b-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'blood acetaminophen', 'colorectal tumor prevalence', 'meat drip loss trait', 'cd8-positive t cell morphology', 'semimembranosus width', 'muscle fatty acid c18:0 concentration', 'eau severity measurement', 'circulating ifn-beta 2', 'right major bronchus morphology trait', 'urine vma excretion rate', 'epiphysis morphology trait', 'blood immunoglobulin d level', 'inflammatory exudate leukotriene b4 level to lipoxin a4 level ratio', 'cochlear hair cell morphology', 'hair cortex morphology trait', 'ratio of apoptotic bodies to intact tumor cells in nonremodelling liver neoplastic nodules', 'submandibular ganglion size', 'arm incidence measurement', 'adipose fatty acid c16', 'lean tissue morphological', 'plasma agp', 'artery morphology', 'plasma carboxyhaemoglobin level', 'interparietal suture morphology', 'duodenum muscle thickness', 'adrenergic nerve fiber organization trait', 'l4 sympathetic ganglia morphology trait', 'mesenteric fat pad weight as a percentage of body', 'digit length', 'milk fatty acid c12:0 percentage', 'milk fat globule-egf factor 8 protein concentration', 'large bowel', 'milk retinol amount', 'tibiofibular fusion cortical bone total cross-sectional area', 'dorsal root ganglion size trait', 'metencephalon morphology trait', 'peak -lvdp/dt', 'circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone', 'hindlimb integrity', 'b cell positive selection', 'an arbitrary reference', 'spleen red pulp morphology trait', 'hematolymphoid system development', 'scchn', 'miik fat globule size trait', 'liver physiology', 'milk fatty acid c22:5(n-3) percentage', 'serum oxidized ldl', 'quadriceps', 'whole body visceral fat weight to body length (nose to rump) ratio', 'milk alpha-lactalbumin content', 'plasma sterol', 'toxoplasmosis incidence/prevalence', 'hypoglossal nucleus morphology trait', 'well differentiated malignant colorectal tumor number', 'superior caval vein morphology trait', 'natural killer t cell physiology trait', 'meat capric acid content', 'stratum spinosum cell', 'left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time', 'loop of henle', 'vestibular hair cell morphology trait', "merkel's receptor number", 'leg composition trait', 'spleen b lymphocyte follicle morphology', 'venous sinus of sclera morphology', 'serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein level', 'mineral homeostasis trait', 'superior vagus ganglion of the vagus (x) nerve', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,cis-11-c18', 'malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor incidence/prevalence', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c14:1 percentage', 'intramuscular fat morphological measurement', 'egg albumen measurement, fowl', 'milk magnesium content', 'longissimus thoracis mass', 'percentage of study population developing experimental arthritis during a period of time', 'blood vldl', 'gastric mucosa', 'milk fatty acid trans-9-c18', 'lamina elastica posterior morphology trait', 'egg yolk diameter', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity tumor', 'fat physiology trait', 'blood differential leukocyte count  to total wbc count ratio', 'calculated neuronal golgi apparatus area measurement', 'hearing physiology measurement', 'vasoconstrictor-induced blood vessel contractile force expressed', 'polymorphonuclear neutrophil', 'occipitoparietal suture morphology trait', 'extraocular muscle', 'milk fatty acid c20:4 n-6 concentration', 'milk nitrogen content', 'lymphocyte proliferation trait', 'brown adipose morphology', 'front foot morphological measurement', 'iel morphology', 'circulating lymphocyte chemoattractant factor', 'uterine weight, wet', 'plasma phytosterol level', 'helper t lymphocyte type 2 cell differentiation', 'enamel rod organization trait', 'breeding', 'posterior horn morphology trait', 'foot pad morphology', 'axial skeleton', 'interferon type ii secretion', 'radius curvature', 'total area of spinal cord ventral horn', 'salivary gland epithelial cell', 'ventricular trabeculae morphology trait', 'cranial ganglia morphology trait', 'femur total energy absorbed before break', 'anti-ssdna antibody', 'immune system morphology trait', 'uterus weight, wet', 'pancreas measurement', 'blood t(s/c) cell count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'thymus rna composition measurement', 'milk cla content', 'helper t-lymphocyte type 2', 'lymphoid stem cell morphology trait', 'calculated rsna', 'circulating il-12p40 level', 'opercular flap morphology', 'liver tumor count', 'milk colloidal calcium content', 'spiral ligament of cochlear duct morphology trait', 'myeloid cell differentiation', 'inflammatory exudate lymphocyte', 't3 stage b cell morphology', 'immune serum protein secretion trait', 'conductive hearing function', 'lauth canal', 'blood thyroid hormone level', 'spleen fibrosis incidence/prevalence', 'cochlear hair cell development trait', 'reissner membrane', 'tibia straight segment', 'bundle of his morphology', 'eae incidence', 'liver size trait', 'cytotoxic t-lymphocyte', 'right atrium', 'heart morphology', 'double-positive t cell count', 'masseter muscle', 'uterus wet weight as percentage of body', 'blood glycated albumin', 'liver ribonucleic acid', 'abnormal spermatozoa percent', 'atrium septum morphology', 'percentage of study population developing renal tubular degeneration during a period of time', 'onset of leukemia', 'milk nitrogen', 'serum total cholesterol', 'wrist bone', 'blood carboxyhemoglobin level', 'adipose fatty acid trans-11-c18', 'neural crest cell migration', 'calculated artery lesion', 'calculated urine vma level', 'spinal cord rat mhc class ii rt1-b protein level', 'womb measurement', 'brain ventricle integrity', 'mammary fat depot', 'urine 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid amount', 'hepatic tumorous lesion area', 'ureter width', 'milk fatty acid trans-12,trans-14-c18:2 concentration', 'efferent arteriolar plasma protein concentration', 'percentage of study population developing well differentiated malignant colorectal tumors during a period of time', 'secondary somatosensory cortex morphology', 'iddm prevalence', 'blood uric acid amount', 'external nares morphology trait', 'salivary gland physiology', 'canalis spiralis cochleae size', 'superior cervical ganglion morphology', 'ultimobranchial body morphology', 'milk composition trait', 'cochlear hair cell inter-stereocilial links trait', 'pterygoid process', 'force at maximum constriction', 'scrotum', 'vertebral area', 'calculated urine 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid', 'calculated inguinal fat pad', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c14:1 concentration', 'disease incidence/prevalence measurement', 'testis tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 'urine molecular composition', 'squamous part of temporal bone morphology trait', 'tongue scc tumor number', 'mammary gland cistern volume', 'milk polyunsaturated fatty acid amount', 'calculated renal protein composition', 'plasma ldl phospholipid level', 'il2 secretion', 'total abdominal fat', 'spleen b cell follicle cell quantity', 'thoracic aorta intracellular protein amount', 'nucleus niger', 'plasma antibody', 'respiratory alveolar duct', 'serum level of corticotropin-releasing hormone', 'cochlea sensory epithelium', 'crypt of lieberkuhn', 'urine creatine', 'vestibular window morphology', 'stomach tumor measurement', 'carcass circumference, butt', 'lung cell number', 't cell receptor beta chain v(d)j joining', 'milk fatty acid cis-10-c17', 'eggshell color, fowl', 'memory t-cell', 'dorsal striatum', 'brain wet weight to body weight ratio', 'inferior colliculus size', 'plasma alanine aminotransferase activity', 'blood homeostasis', 'skin barrier function', 'lymphocyte migration/homing', 'liver gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase mrna', 'adipose fatty acid cis-9-c18', 'serum aspartate transaminase activity level to alanine transaminase activity level ratio', 'uterine tube morphology trait', 'blood vldl cholesterol amount', 'pons morphology trait', 'rate of maximum negative change in left ventricular blood pressure', 'spleen cell apoptosis', 'myristic acid', 'circulating interleukin-12a level', 'interleukin-18 secretion trait', 'lymphoid system', 'blood pyruvate amount', 'styloid process of temporal bone', 'gestation', "henle's loop morphology trait", 'follicle mantle morphology', 'inferior olivary nucleus morphology', 'blood low density lipoprotein phospholipid', 'calvaria', 'kidney pyramid', 'membrana vitrea morphology trait', 'reproductive system physiology', 'smooth muscle contractility', 'common myeloid precursor cell quantity', 'cardiac muscle fiber diameter', 'pillar cell number', 'skeletal muscle fiber density', 'cochlear hair cell stereociliary bundle', 'neuronal rough endoplasmic reticulum area measurement', 'horizontal distance covered resulting from voluntary locomotion in proximity', 'horn circumference', 'blood cd45rclow cd4 t lymphocyte count as percentage of total lymphocytes', 'nervous system morphology', 'forebrain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid', 'membrana vitrea', 'lipocyte morphology trait', 'primitive streak', 'hematolymphoid system development trait', 'plasma growth hormone', 'subarcuate fossa morphology trait', 'circulating leptin', 'complement protein physiology trait', 'gonadal fat pad morphology trait', 't cell receptor delta chain v(d)j recombination trait', 'blood alkaline phosphatase activity', 'heart left ventricle interstitial norepinephrine amount', 'pulmonary arterial blood pressure', 'adipose eicosadienoic acid concentration', 'cardiac non-esterified fatty acid level', 'blood vessel physiology trait', 'limb regeneration', 'bone trabecular cross-sectional area', 'blood interleukin-3 amount', 'circulating ctla-8', 'milk free calcium concentration', 'skeletal muscle cell', 'brain sitosterol level', 'tibia strength trait', 'testis weight as percentage of body weight', 'complement protein physiology', 'milk fatty acid c22:6(n-3)', 'indirect plasma bilirubin', 'calculated arterial intima hyperplasia', 'suppressor t lymphocyte', 'intraocular muscle', 'nephron physiology trait', 'scchn measurement', 'bronchial epithelial cell count', 'kidney glutathione', 'spermatogenesis', 't-cell development', 'lung', 'adipose fatty acid cis-9-c18:1 content', 'heat intensity', 'brown fat cell', 'brain spike-wave discharge measurement', 'kneecap', 'internal granule layer morphology', 'bilateral renal agenesis prevalence', 'colostrum steroid', 'th2 cell number', 'kidney protein/peptide composition measurement', 'circulating interleukin-21 level', 'serum anti-type ii collagen antibody', 'telencephalic vesicle size', 'milk fatty acid trans-7,trans-9-c18:2', 'pancreas protein/peptide composition measurement', 'front foot morphological', 'paramesonephric duct morphology trait', 'urine component excretion rate', 'serum alanine transaminase activity', 'urine urea excretion rate', 'vestibular hair cell stereociliary bundle morphology', 'placental secretion', 'myotome morphology trait', 'tegmentum size', 'cervical spinal cord hva', 'plasma triiodothyronine', 'liver ribonucleic acid composition', 'vascular smooth muscle size', 'basioccipital bone morphology trait', 'cervical spinal cord serotonin', 'gland physiology', 'atrioventricular valve morphology trait', 'cochlear outer hair cell electromotility trait', 'lateral septum', 'fibula morphological', 'milk fatty acid cis-12,trans-14-c18:2 concentration', 'leukocyte common antigen (lca) positive thymocyte', 'percentage of study population developing experimental allergic neuritis during a period of time', 'hind paw size', 'cd4-negative, cd8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'number of late pro-b cells', 'the count of pancreatic islets with peripheral duct and vessel inflammatory infiltrate only', 'middle ear morphological measurement', 'serum insulin level', 'total heart ventricle weight', 'white fat weight', 'cardiac muscle physiology trait', 'inferior vena cava', 'myeloid cell development', 'malignant liver tumor incidence/prevalence', 'macula sacculi', 'cell', "meissner's corpuscle innervation pattern", 'basal lamina', 'channel response threshold', 'vertebra compact bone cross-sectional', 'ige concentration', 'inner cell mass morphology trait', 'vestibular ganglion of the vestibulocochlear (viii) nerve', 'nervous system cell measurement', 'the count of inflammatory cell-infiltrated pancreatic islets with b cell pathology', 't-cell lymphoma onset/diagnosis measurement', 'pancreas morphological', 'testis volume', 'blood hdl cholesterol amount', 'plasma leptin', 'humerus morphology trait', 'heart left ventricle dna content', 'pro-b cell quantity', 'brain physiology trait', 'midbrain/pons epinephrine amount', 'motor neuron quantity', 'rhombomere', 'optic nerve size trait', 'epiphyseal plate proliferative zone morphology trait', 'optic cup morphology', 'lauth canal morphology trait', 'blood non-hdl cholesterol amount', 'mammary gland growth trait', 'moma-1 positive cell morphology trait', 'cardiac muscle trabeculae', 'liver propanedial level to liver weight ratio', 'hair follicle quantity', 'blood epinephrine amount', 'cerebrospinal fluid chemistry', '3-methyl indole concentration', 'percentage of study population displaying renal tubular degeneration at a point in time', 'heart left ventricle wet', 'ethmoid bone', 'loin muscle area', 'central nervous system regeneration trait', 'igg2b', 'relative change in antibody titer', 'cementum', 'plasma anti-rat type 2 collagen autoantibody level', 'enteric cholinergic innervation pattern trait', 'erythrocytopoiesis', 'ap level', 'nasal mucosa', 'aortic root diameter', 'longissimus thoracis length', 'spinal cord mrna composition measurement', 'thoracic girdle', 'spinal cord morphological', 'eosinophil development trait', 'ratio of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive nuclei to total liver tumorous lesion nuclei', 'trigeminal ganglion morphology trait', 'q wave depth', 'methacholine response/sensitivity', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis duration', 'palmitoleic acid', 'touch corpuscle morphology trait', 'vulva size trait', 'calculated heart left ventricle morphological', 'myocardium compact layer morphology', 'serum glucagon', 'benign colorectal tumor prevalence', 'middle ear ossible', 'alanine aminotransferase', 'bronchus morphology trait', 'cd8-positive t cell quantity', 'plasma inorganic phosphorus level', 'blood molecular composition', 'lymph gland morphology', 'cued fear conditioning behavior', 'meat androstenone content', 'peripheral nervous system glia', 'epidermis development', 'tibiofibular fusion cross-sectional', 'lingual bone morphology trait', 'milk butyrophilin content', 'stria vascularis morphology trait', 'heart left ventricle infarction weight', 'percentage', 'humerus strength trait', 'adipose myristic acid', 'blood vessel endothelial cell morphology', 'inguinal canal morphology trait', 'naive b cell quantity', 'milk fatty acid c18:0', 'hindlimb zeugopod morphology', 'calculated plasma norepinephrine level', 'meat connective tissue', 'satellite cell', 'blood cd4 cell count to cd8 cell count ratio', 'brain type i swd amplitude', 'milk fatty acid c20:0 concentration', 'brain interneuron', 'cortical marginal zone morphology trait', 'adipose vaccenic acid', 'calculated plasma norepinephrine', 'plasma anti-type ii collagen antibody titer', 'pallium', 'rt6.1 t lymphocyte count', 'plasma adiponectin level', 'serum estradiol level', 'total islet of langerhans', 'plasma haemoglobin', 'type ii vestibular cell', 'blood chemistry', 't-cell domain morphology trait', 'egg shell redness', 'helper t lymphocyte type 1 function', 'outer hair cell stereocilia number', 'calculated food energy intake', 'percentage of study population displaying kidney edema at a point in time', 'percentage of study population displaying liver parenchymal degeneration at a point in time', 'pterygoid muscle size', 'epicardium morphology trait', 'breast percentage', 'cochlear hair bundle', 'white fat weight to body weight ratio', 'ifn secretion', 'medullary pyramid morphology', 'plasma glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity level', 'heart muscle contractile force', 'pituitary diverticulum morphology trait', 'otic capsule morphology', 'nonfunctional teat', 'lxa4', 'reticulo-rumen morphology trait', 'gasserian ganglion morphology trait', 'placental development', 'wildness behavior trait', 'nerve fiber morphology trait', 'auditory outer hair cell', 'cerebellar molecular layer thickness', 'mature b cell morphology', 'vestibular ganglion of the vestibulocochlear (viii) nerve morphology trait', 'blood angii level', 'alcohol', 'spleen periarteriolar lymphoid sheath cell quantity', 'leukocyte number', 'meat palmitoleic acid content', 'urine urotensin ii', 'blood follicle stimulating hormone amount', 'pedicle morphology', 'kidney ace2 activity', 'brown adipocyte morphology', 'thyroid gland', 'lamina basalis choroidae', 'chest circumference', 'mammary tumor number', 'neurite', 'respiratory system function', 'serum high density lipoprotein phospholipid', 'total weight of live neonates per litter', 'anogenital distance to cube root of body weight ratio', 'band neutrophil count to total wbc count ratio', 'plasma anti-rat type ii collagen autoantibody titer', 'time interval between offspring', 'temporalis morphology', 'vascular layer of the eyeball morphology trait', 'back leg', 'ihc synaptic ribbon morphology', 'inner ear neuroepithelium', 'il-5 secretion', 'splenic marginal zone macrophage morphology trait', 'tissue weight of the colon', 'adenohypophysis morphology trait', 'body weight of fetus', 'brain weight', 'red blood cell quantity', 'er-tr9 positive cell morphology', 'spiral organ', 'pp_interval', 'platelet morphology', 'abducens nerve morphology trait', 'basophil granulocyte percentage', 'sternum shape trait', 'sinus venosus morphology', 'nervous system disease onset/diagnosis', 'polymorphonuclear leucocyte differentiation', 'brain type ii spike-and-wave discharge frequency', 'blood globulin measurement', 'midbrain/pons homovanillic acid', 'balance trait', 'heart left ventricle end-systolic posterior wall index', 'optic disc size', 'single cell response trait', 't-cell domain', 'muscle fatty acid trans-11-c18:1 percentage', 'otolith morphology trait', 'intramuscular fat area as percentage of skeletal muscle', 'tympanic cavity epithelium depth', 'blood regulatory t lymphocyte count', 'metacarpus length', 'uterine weight as percentage of body weight', 'blood cd45rc(+) cd4(+) t cell', 'liver glutathione disulfide level', 'interleukin-8 physiology', 'percentage of study population developing malignant colorectal tumors during a period of time', 'rt6.2+ t cell', 'hair follicle number', 'neuron size', 'serum inorganic phosphorus', 'pituitary gland cell', 'self harm severity measurement', 'liver mineral', 'pupil morphology trait', 'udder morphology trait', 'adrenergic chromaffin cell morphology', 'granulocyte morphology trait', 'stomach muscle thickness', 'milk palmitic acid content', 'adipose fatty acid c17:0', 'vestibular chamber morphology', 'calculated white blood cell measurement', 'canal of schlemm', 'experimental arthritis incidence', 'prostate duct quantity', 'liver lipid amount', 'splenic germinal center morphology', 'olfactory system trait', 'il-7 secretion', 'heart septal morphology', 'adipocyte absolute fatty acid secretion', 'serum anti-deoxyribonucleic acid antibody level', 'glutaminergic neuron morphology trait', 'meat dodecanoic acid content', 'lens size', 'il-23 p19 secretion', 't cell activation trait', 'proventriculus', 'splenic capsule morphology', 'thymus cortico-medullary boundary', 'm cells', 'drink calorie intake rate', 'pancreatic islet lesion', 'stellate ganglion', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis incidence/prevalence', 'dn4 immature t cell number', 'meat glucose-6-phosphate content', 'medullary cavity', 'femur neck moment of inertia', 'ltd', 'sperm motility trait', 'vagina morphology', 'both adrenal glands wet weight as percentage of body weight', 'serum immunoglobulin g-type rheumatoid factor titer', 'effector t cell quantity', 'germinal center b cell number', 'mandible morphology trait', 'splenic region pancreatic beta cell weight calculated as the product of pancreas splenic region weight and corresponding beta cell fractional area', 'thigh percentage', 'blood sulfate amount', 'olfactory mucosa morphology trait', 'spleen morphological', 'dn2 alpha-beta immature t lymphocyte number', 'labc weight', 'laryngeal cartilage', 'milk fatty acid c18:3 n-3 percentage', 'ventral body wall morphology trait', 'food energy intake rate', 'nodose ganglion size trait', 'type iia muscle fiber', 'sinus circularis morphology', 'locomotor behavior', 'muscle thickness of the ileum', 'descemet membrane', 'bone section specific bone surface', 'meat fatty acid c16:0', 'serum cortisol', 'meat heptadecanoic acid', 'plasma nh2-terminal nppb level', 'single nephron glomerular filtration rate', 'epididymidis wet', 'muscle cell', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'drumstick size', 'blood naga activity level', 'milk vitamin b12 content', 'olfactory receptor protein morphology', 'schwann cell precursor number', 'ear crystal size', 'alpha-beta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte', 'cd4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t lymphocyte', 'morphometry', 'plasma anti-single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody level', 'vasodilation measurement', 'dorsal-ventral axis patterning trait', 'gestation period', 'oculomotor nucleus', 'placenta morphology trait', 'blood vldl phospholipid', 'adipocyte measurement', 'poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma', 'vertebral column orientation', 'blood gsh', 'duodenum villi height', 'factor i', 'plasma glucose level', "ruffini's corpuscle", 'exocoelomic cavity', 'meat ph', 'blood angiotensin i converting enzyme activity level', 'serum agp', 'serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone', 'blood anti-histone antibody', 'pulp cavity morphology trait', 'absolute diurnal change in systolic blood pressure', 'organ effluent measurement', 'blood igf2 level', 'meat fatty acid c20:5 n-3', 'plasma gpt activity', 'atrioventricular node morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-7,cis-9-c18:2', 'well differentiated malignant colorectal tumor prevalence', 'blood haemoglobin', 'nerve conduction trait', 'skeletal muscle fiber quantity', 'eye size trait', 'spleen weight', 'plasma immunoglobulin m level', 'cd8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t lymphocyte', 'mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus morphology', 'skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain type iia amount', 'tibia toughness', 'liver phytosterol', 'caval vein morphology', 'velum', 'filtration angle', 'hair-down neuron', 'innervation trait', 'trimmed wholesale product', 'memory b lymphocyte morphology', 'equilibrioception system trait', 'sperm quantity', 'inferior vagus ganglion morphology', 'muscle unsaturated fatty acid amount', 'palatine gland ductal branching morphology', 'stratum basale epidermis', 'membrana tympani morphology trait', 'muscle triglyceride', 'ratio of change in body weight to starting total body', 'neuron mitochondrion', 'trigeminal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 't-associated plasma cell morphology trait', 'bile duct morphology', 'supraoccipital bone morphology', 'trophectoderm morphology trait', 'hepatic copper level', 'ipca', 'circulating plasmacytoma growth factor level', 'heart left ventricle end-diastolic anterior wall index', 'spleen non-tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence', 'vertebra height', 'renal fat pad weight', 't2d incidence', 'inferior glossopharyngeal ganglion of the glossopharyngeal (ix) nerve', 'inguinal fat depot', 'conjunctiva morphology trait', 'lens induction trait', 'lamellar bone morphology trait', 'medulla oblongata 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid', 'malar arch', 'adipose beta-carotene amount', 'mesenteric artery wall phosphylated enos level', 'primary somatosensory cortex morphology trait', 'tarsus', 'hair cycle trait', 'cerebrospinal fluid sodium', 'time of sexual maturation', 'heart muscle morphology', 'lens fiber morphology trait', 'total body', 'larynx morphology trait', 'semen ph', 'liver tumorous lesion diameter', 'poorly differentiated malignant colorectal neoplasm', 'chronic experimental arthritis prevalence', 'blood hemoglobin level', 'kidney glomerulosclerosis measurement', 'adipocyte maximum free fatty acid secretion', 'ulna curvature trait', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma incidence measurement', 'bilateral renal agenesis incidence', 'muscle ph', 'bacterial', 'blood gpt activity', 'enteric ganglia', 'percentage of study population developing relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis during a period of time', 'urine sodium level to urine creatinine level ratio', 'mesenteric fat pad', 'individual right kidney wet weight to body weight ratio', 'spleen periarteriolar lymphoid sheath morphology trait', 'serum idl phospholipid level', 'sinus node morphology trait', 'plasma chylomicron level', 'ang2 log half maximal effective concentration', 'cerebellar foliation', 'z band', 'circulating interleukin-1 beta level', 'milk whey acidic protein', 'the volume of saccharin consumed', 'symphysis menti morphology', 'common lymphocyte progenitor', "cowper's gland morphology", 'moma-1 positive cell morphology', 'serum igm-rheumatoid factor level', 'cajal-retzius cell', 'vestibulocochlear ganglion size', 'calculated body weight measurement', 'area of ventral prostate occupied by tumorous lesions to total ventral prostate area ratio', 'muscle length', 'renal artery integrity', 'ear rotation trait', "merkel's receptor nerve fiber quantity", 'carpal bone', 'thoracic aorta intracellular protein', 'pelvic arch morphology trait', 'somite size', 'serum cpk activity level', 'liver protein/peptide molecular composition', 'vestibular organ morphology trait', 'circulating b-cell stimulatory factor 1 level', 'ratio of change in renal blood flow rate to kidney', 'b-cell morphology', 'egg organoleptic', 'blood cd4 cell to r73 cell ratio', 'milk saturated fatty acid', 'heart wet', 'wool fleece', 'calculated bone cross-sectional area', 'hippocampal fimbria', 'kidney collecting duct morphology trait', 'cloaca', 'spleen size trait', 'blood very low density lipoprotein particle diameter', 'concentration', 'blood co2 amount', 'serum vldl', 'il-23 secretion', 'vestibular hair bundle inter-stereocilial link morphology', 'neuron  rough endoplasmic reticulum', 'lymphocyte count', 'calculated blood differential leukocyte count', 'lens morphology', 'midbrain cell quantity', 'mammary gland', 'arm prevalence measurement', 'circulating b-cell stimulating factor-1 level', 'white adipocyte lipid droplet size', 'parental behavior trait', 'white lipocyte lipid droplet size trait', 'milk caproic acid percentage', 'toxoplasma gondii brain cyst incidence', 'aorta wall', 'brainstem evoked responses', 'ileum villi length', 'calculated serum acetaminophen level', 'orbit', 'neuroendocrine gland morphology', 'muscle linolenic acid', 'otolith organ morphology', 'ovary dry', 'hassal body', 'calcium amount', 't lymphocyte count as percentage of total white blood cells', 'conditioned place preference behavior', 'tibial volume', 'benign colorectal neoplasm incidence', 'thymocyte activation trait', 'gastric tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 'serum leptin level', 'left uterine horn', 'metaphysis morphology', 'epididymal fat pad morphological measurement', 'kf', 'aortic wall morphological measurement', 'brain tissue protein/peptide composition', 'pterygoid muscle morphology', 'brain infarction size', 'helper t cell', 'ovary development trait', 'cranial base morphology', 'calculated neuronal rough endoplasmic reticulum area measurement', 'branchial pouch morphology', 'blood troponin t level', 'calculated plasma lipoprotein', 'secretion by placenta', 'neuron golgi apparatus measurement', 'percentage of study population displaying benign hepatic tumors at a point in time', 'bmi using body length, nose to tail', 'circulating hydrocortisone', 'milk muc1 concentration', 'hair texture', 'calculated heart left ventricle end-systolic internal diameter', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t-lymphocyte morphology', 'blood cell morphology', 'left perirenal fat pad weight', 'dc2 cell number', 'loin length', 'subthalamic nucleus morphology trait', 'dermomyotome development trait', 'iliac artery integrity trait', 'visual acuity trait', 'potassium chloride-induced blood vessel contractile force expressed', 'optic disc morphology trait', 'meiosis trait', 'skin potassium', 'cerebellum vermis lobule', 'presacral vertebra quantity', 'calculated mesenteric artery molecular composition', 'stratum papillare morphology', 'brain sterol level', 'reissner membrane size trait', 'corneal clarity', 'medullary cavity morphology', 'tactile corpuscle', 'meat lactate', 'blood oxidized ldl amount', 'myeloid progenitor', 'prickle cell layer morphology trait', 'lv-ivrt', 'floor plate size', 'blood high density lipoprotein triglyceride', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,trans-14-c18:2 percentage', 'blood anti-dna antibody', 'lymph gland wet', 'cochlear hair cell stereocilia size', 'femur energy absorption capacity', 'loin composition trait', 'serum glutathione', 'gastric', 'pancreatic islet non-tumorous lesion', 'b-2 b-cell', 'heart muscle', 'b cell clonal deletion trait', 'proventriculus morphology', 'blood dehydroepiandrosterone', 'cerebellum vermis lobule ix', 'spleen wet weight', 'gnrh secretion', 'mucous neck cell morphology', 'oral mucosa morphology', 'brain non-tumorous lesion', 'cholinergic neuron morphology', 'neutrophil chemotaxis', 'total lymphocyte', 'intestinal cell morphology trait', 'cardiac ventricular', 'cranial ganglia morphology', 'wellness/fitness', 'spinal cord b2m mrna level', 'stratum germinativum morphology trait', 'volume of liver occupied by tumorous lesions', 'calculated neuron vacuole area', 'hair cuticle morphology', 'milk vitamin b-12', 'cd4-positive t cell differentiation', 'total food calorie intake rate', 'exocrine gland fluid/secretion', 'tarsal bone', 'circulating interleukin-7 level', 'prothrombin time', 'rostral migratory stream morphology trait', 'ameloblast development', 'testes integrity trait', 'thrombin time', 'craniofacial', 'tibial curved', 'oliva morphology', 'forebrain serotonin', 'blood interleukin-18', 'joint capsule morphology', 'symphysis menti morphology trait', 'urine creatinine measurement', 'combined levator ani and bulbospongiosus muscle weight', 'thymus integrity', 'blood triglyceride amount', 'glossopharyngeal ganglion', 'follicular b cell quantity', 'epithelium thickness of the rumen', "waldeyer's ring", 'calculated artery lesion measurement', 'interleukin-18 secretion', 'eau severity', 'posterior uvea', 'acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis incidence', 'gubernaculum morphology trait', 'taste', 'plasma cpk activity', 'urine taurine', 'calculated heart left ventricle infarction size', 'trigeminal nerve morphology trait', 'food intake frequency', 'kph fat weight', 'benign liver tumor incidence', 'cochlear window', 'adrenal protein/peptide composition measurement', 'number of neonatal deaths', 'serum igg-rf level normalized to an arbitrary reference', 'neuronal vacuole area measurement', 'vitamin absorption trait', 'neurogenesis', 'circulating protein', 'urine protein measurement', 'serum anti-rat type ii collagen autoantibody titer', 'blood lymphocyte', 'left ventricular cell size', 'cochlear hair cell physiology', 'oesophagus morphology', 'intestinal peristalsis', 'skin morphology trait', 'water drink intake rate', 'aorta morphological measurement', 'ratio of the wet weight of both adrenal glands to the weight of the body', 'placental development trait', 'uterine fat pad mass', 'udder width', 'total pancreatic', 'trachea morphology', 'cognitive behavior', 'renal sympathetic nerve activity measurement', 'serum reactive oxygen metabolite', 'serum agp level', 'inguinal lymph gland weight to body weight ratio', 'blood immunoglobulin g2b', 'blood ctx', 'hepatic glutathione', 'extracraniale ganglion morphology trait', 'squamosal suture', 'relative change in food intake volume', 'thymic capsule', 'il-15 secretion', 'pituitary gland size', 'tissue norepinephrine', 'urine podocalyxin amount', 'neutrophil percentage', 'visceral endoderm morphology trait', 'serotonin activity', 'middle ear morphology', 'hepatobiliary system', 'papillary layer', 'gastric tumor depth of invasion', 'blood serum homocysteine level', 'sperm flagellum size', 'volumetric bmd', 'hepatocyte number', 'cochlear melanocyte', 'blood idl-c amount', 'hypodermis integrity trait', 'milk fatty acid c11:0 percentage', 'stapes morphology', 'spleen b lymphocyte follicle morphology trait', 'milk diacylglycerol concentration', 'heart septum morphology', 'spinal cord cd74 mrna', 'serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity level', 'spleen germinal center', 'forebrain norepinephrine amount', 'morphology trait of the basal layer of the choroid', 'aorta wall morphological', 'maximal oxygen uptake', 'eosinophil development', 'neuroglia mrophology', 'endocardial cushion', 'colorectal neoplasm', 'plasma creatine kinase activity level', 'artery internal elastic lamina non-tumorous lesion count', 'platelet quantity', 'meat myristic acid content', 'bacterial infection severity score based on the percentage of leukocyte infiltration', 'forebrain serotonin amount', 'pancreas gland morphology', 'superior cervical ganglion morphology trait', 'blood insulin amount', 'rib morphology', 'milk fatty acid c20:4 n-6 content', 'thymus cell count', 'serum glucose level', 'neutrophilic leukocyte morphology', 'adipocyte morphological measurement', 'post insult time to achieve baseline angle of tilted plane at time of balance/traction loss', 'lean tissue volume', 'total energy intake', 't2 b cell morphology trait', 'udder measurement', 'inner ear morphology', 'ca', 'serum carboxyhaemoglobin', 'plasma inorganic phosphorus', 'popliteal lymph node size trait', 'plasma pyruvate', 'pituitary gland development trait', 'bulbourethral gland physiology', 'circulating b-cell differentiation factor-2 level', 'retinal rod cell morphology', 'femoral stiffness', 'muscle weight', 'ventricular septal', 'blood interleukin-12b amount', 'c4 physiology trait', 'epididymal fat pad', 'eyelid morphology', 'gamma-delta t-cell differentiation', 'optic tract', 'lymph organ morphology trait', 'gamma-delta t-lymphocyte number', 'lymphocyte physiology', 'otoacoustic emissions', 'meat fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18:2 concentration', 'the area occupied by pancreatic islets', 'ethanol preference', 'systolic blood pressure', 'leukocyte quantity', 't cell receptor alpha chain v-j rearrangement', 'cone electrophysiology trait', 'in vivo coagulation measurement', 't1 stage b cell morphology trait', 'circulating ifn', 'kidney medulla development', 'ca morphology trait', 'milk mineral content', 'stria vascularis blood vessel morphology trait', 'serum anti-deoxyribonucleic acid antibody titer', 'amplitude of the acoustic startle response', 'atrioventricular bundle morphology trait', 'number of white blood cells of unspecified type', 'branchial pouch', 'fear-related behavior', 'blood plant sterol and stanol', 'liver fibrosis size measurement', 'eyeball orientation', 'induced arthritis onset/diagnosis measurement', 'insulin-stimulated adipocyte maximal glucose uptake to basal glucose uptake ratio', 'auditory nerve compound action potential', 'outer hair cell stereocilia quantity', 'atrioventricular bundle morphology', 'intraepithelial t cell morphology', 'milk phosphorus amount', 'meiosis', 'total food-derived calorie intake level', 'splenocyte proliferation trait', 'spleen marginal zone morphology', 'loin percentage', 'cytotoxic t-lymphocyte morphology', 'subscapular fat pad morphology trait', 'circulating bcgf-ii', 'encephalitis onset/diagnosis', 'polymorphonuclear leucocyte physiology', 'transitional one stage b lymphocyte morphology', 'milk fatty acid c20:5 n-3 content', 'baseline', 'cranial suture morphology trait', 'red blood cell number', 'livestock product', 'cardiovascular system physiology', 'cerebellum physiology trait', 'blood steroid', 'double-positive t-cell numbers', 'single inguinal fat pad', 'basal layer morphology', 'thymus wet weight', 'hepatocellular carcinoma incidence/prevalence', 'femur elongation', 'lung blood vessel morphology', 'uterus', 'rate of maximum positive change in left ventricular blood pressure', 'nerve fiber response threshold', 'blood adrenocorticotropin', 'shoulder', 'plasma insulin level', 'sinus venosus sclerae', 'adrenal gland function', 'heart left ventricle nppa amount', 'absolute change in plasma norepinephrine level', 'liver oxidized glutathione level', 'individual right kidney wet weight', 'glutaminergic neuron quantity', 'oculomotor nerve size', 'inflammatory exudate leukotriene b4', 'serum thyrotropin level', 'milk growth factor', 'spiral ligament of cochlear duct', 'muscle linoleic acid', 'eye moisture amount', 'adipocyte maximal non-esterified fatty acid secretion', 'anti-chromatin antibody', 'outer hair cell stereocilia size trait', 'blood vessel morphology', 'posterior cornu', 'in vitro coagulation', 'lumbar vertebra', 'pr interval', 'novelty trait', 'convoluted tubule morphology trait', 'eosinocyte morphology trait', 'intervertebral disk development', 'bacterial infection severity score based on inflammatory foci in exudate', 'tongue tumor measurement', 'individual left kidney wet weight', 'milk calcium content', 'food conversion trait', 'calculated lymph gland weight', 'transitional stage b cell morphology trait', 'mhc class ii rt1a-positive spinal cord ventral horn area', 'b lymphocyte receptor editing', 'femoral neck morphological measurement', 'ureter development trait', 'facial bone morphology trait', 'urine 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid excretion rate', 'nephron loop morphology', 'lymph node size trait', 'pituitary gland size trait', 'tissue enzyme amount', 'fat free mass index (ffmi)', 'internal auditory meatus', 'conjunctival epithelium', 'inferior caval vein morphology', 'cd4+cd8+ t cell morphology', 'oxygen uptake', 'vascular endothelium morphology trait', 'placenta wet weight', 'calculated femur cross-sectional', 't cell apoptosis', 'experimental allergic neuritis incidence/prevalence', 'macrophage physiology', 'neutrophil migration trait', 'angiotensin 2 half maximal effective concentration', 'primary neuromuscular spindle size trait', 'carpus', 'heart orientation', 'milk beta-lactoglobulin concentration', 'cerebellum vermis morphology trait', 'age at onset/diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'primary neuromuscular spindle', 'meat fatty cid cis-9-c18:1 concentration', 'choanae', 'uterine lumen morphology trait', 'cd4+ cell', 'eggshell weight, fowl', 'number of b-2 cells', 'tibia energy absorption capacity', 'conductive hearing physiology', 'peripheral b-cell anergy', 'plasma ldl-c level', 'choroid pigmentation', 'transitional one stage b lymphocyte morphology trait', 'pallium development trait', 'plasma phosphorous', 'cerebellum vermis cell', 'saccharin preference score', 'coagulating gland ductal branching trait', 'heart left ventricle infarction area', 'milk myristoleic acid', 'intramuscular adipose area to body weight ratio', 's wave duration', 'measurement of freezing behavior', 'retinopathy incidence', 'gastric parietal cell', 'skeletal muscle morphology', 'milk beta-casein content', 'egg white height, fowl', 'calculated blood globulin level', 'ectoderm development', 'circulating il1 alpha level', 'cochlear coil quantity', 'blood vessel wall thickness as percentage of blood vessel inner diameter', 'colonic aganglionosis severity measurement', 'interatrial septum morphology', 'drumstick size trait', 'urine amino acid', 'liver tumorous lesion area', 'meat juiciness', 'serum uric acid level', 'kidney shape trait', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma measurement', 'nasal epithelium morphology trait', 'milk monoacylglycerol', 'circulating il-1 beta', 'neuromuscular junction morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-13/14-c18:1 concentration', 'intestinal cell morphology', 'adipose fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18:2 content', 'sucrose preference score', 'forebrain cell quantity', 'club cell quantity', 'macrophage morphology trait', 'neutrophil leucocyte physiology', 'cardiac myocyte morphological', 'skin potassium level plus skin sodium', 'muscle saturated fatty acid', 'paired testes volume', 'urine density', 'nk cell number', 'blood homocysteine', 'caudal vertebra number', 'the number of neutrophils in an inflammatory exudate', 'l5 dorsal root ganglion morphology trait', 'respiratory transport', 'rosenthal canal', 'aortic smooth muscle cell count per unit vessel length', 'blood angiotensin i converting enzyme 2 activity level', 'isotonic saline intake rate', 'humeral axillary lymph node', 'blood bicarbonate amount', 'type iib myofiber abundance', 'blood il6', 'in vitro vessel shear stress', 'sensory ganglia', 'tail bud morphology trait', 'muscle fatty acid amount', 'gamma-delta t cell morphology trait', 'linolenic acid', 'osteoclast cell count', 'postnatal subventricular zone morphology', 'kidney trpv4 protein level', 'cardiac development', 'blood thyroxine amount', 'basophil physiology', 'milk potassium amount', 'coat/hair morphology trait', 'thymocyte count', 'diabetes mellitus onset/diagnosis measurement', 'duodenum mucosa morphology', 'inferior vagus ganglion', 'heart ventral wall thickness', 'carcass width', 'blood interleukin-4 amount', 'plasma anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody titer', 'spinal cord ventral horn cellular composition measurement', 'area postrema morphology trait', 'gubernaculae morphology trait', 'segmented neutrophil count', 'skin sodium', 'blood hdl-c', 'milk adph content', 'nodose ganglion', 'milk fatty acid trans-11,cis-15-c18:2 concentration', 'serum igd', 'ureter size trait', 'time of onset/diagnosis of experimental autoimmune neuritis after insult', 'helper t-cell type 2 cell', 'terminal bronchiole morphology', 'milk saturated fatty acid measurement', 'tunel-positive cell', 'celiac lymph node size', 'blood natural killer t cell count', 'time to first movement outside a discrete space in a an experimental apparatus following a stimulus', 'heart left ventricle weight to heart left ventricle end-diastolic area ratio', 'vitreous body morphology', 'adipocyte morphology', 'calculated heart left ventricle weight', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,cis-12-c18:2 concentration', 'fatback', 'secretion by hypothalamus', 'arthritis severity', 'tympanic membrane', 'forebrain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid amount', 'longissimus thoracis', 'intestinal smooth muscle contractility', 'mean brain spike-and-wave discharge duration', 'dn3 thymocyte', 'mouth morphology trait', 'plasma anti-rat type ii collagen antibody titer', 'both epididymides wet', 'lymph flow trait', 'superovulation/artificial insemination', 'sternebra morphology trait', 'blood a1i3 amount', 'milk alpha-s2-casein content', 'adipocyte maximal nefa release', 'blood t3 level', 'autonomic nervous system', 'blood haptoglobin', 'hemopoiesis', 'meat gadoleic acid', 'cranial ganglion x morphology', 'meat hematin', 'tunica vasculosa bulbosa', 'spinal column development trait', 'udder size', 'percentage of study population developing malignant hepatic tumors during a period of time', 'blood hdl triglyceride amount', 'il-12b secretion', 'purkinje cell morphology', 'placental vascular', 'behavioral response to novel food', 'hemolymphoid system trait', 'calculated quinine drink intake volume', 'brain serotonin', 'blood adipoq', 'long-term synaptic depression', 'auditory ossicle size', 'blood gldh activity', 'ham bone-to-muscle ratio', 'blood serum homocysteine', 'femur head', 'lgn morphology', 'jugular ganglion morphology', 'stria vascularis size', 'splenic iron level', 'heart right ventricle dorsal wall thickness', 'pre-b cell morphology', 'non-specified leukocyte', 'cholinergic system morphology', 'yolk sac vascular plexus morphology trait', 'relapsing-remitting eae prevalence', 'blood ggtp amount', 'lauth canal morphology', 'mitral e/a wave', 'colorectal cancer incidence/prevalence', 'kidney medulla cell number', 'seminal vesicle wet', 'mechanoreceptor morphology trait', 'vibrissa quantity', 'number of rearing movements in a discrete space in an experimental apparatus', 'ventriculus lateralis size trait', 'cortical marginal zone', 'femur area moment of inertia', 'skeletal muscle mechanoreceptor morphology trait', 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue', 'pericardial morphology', 'meat arachidonic acid', 'defensive burying duration', 'duodenum mucosa morphology trait', 'serum blood glycerol level', 'tricuspid valve morphology trait', 'blood vessel proliferation trait', 'excitatory postsynaptic potential', 'eye anterior chamber morphology', 'transitional stage b cell quantity', 'milk polyunsaturated fatty acid measurement', 'symphysis menti', 'scrotum morphology trait', 'meat trans-16-octadecenoic acid content', 'thyroid gland weight', 'cancellous bone', 'neutrophil development', 'ratio of change in renal blood flow rate to kidney weight', 'cloaca septation', 'mammary alveoli', 'serum immunoglobulin e level', 'subcutaneous adipose mass', 'meat moisture', 'pancreatic islet non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'plasma alkaline phosphatase activity level', 'juvenile diabetes prevalence', 'initial total body', 'plasma angiotensin i converting enzyme activity level', 'calculated renal medulla protein composition measurement', 'thymic morphology trait', 'platelet size', 'heart ventricle trabeculae morphology', 'malignant liver tumor number', 'retinal layer organization', 'stomach squamous epithelium morphology trait', 'brain plant sterol and stanol level', 'circulating gonadotropin', 'masticatory muscle', 'food energy intake', 'calculated body fat morphological measurement', 'telencephalon morphology trait', 'nonfunctional nipple quantity', 'femoral neck cortex cross-sectional area', 'cranial suture morphology', 'serum anti-porcine type 2 collagen antibody', 'alveoli morphology trait', 'facial', 'tarsal gland', 'b lymphocyte maturation', 'b-1a b-cell morphology trait', 'corium', 'cd8-positive t cell development', 'circulating noradreniline concentration', 'milk pentadecylic acid', 'plasma inorganic phosphate level', 'pancreatic beta cell count', 'milk fatty acid trans-12,cis-14-c18:2 percentage', 'thoracic duct morphology trait', 'lymphocyte firm adhesion', 'chordamesoderm development trait', 'hemodynamics', 'pancreatic tissue molecular composition', 'cd4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t-cell', 'calculated plasma acetaminophen', 'coloenteritis severity', 'subthalamus morphology trait', 'meat homolonolenic acid content', 'absolute change in adipocyte free fatty acid release per cell', 'dense bone morphology', 'gastric tumor prevalence', 'meat fatty acid cis-10-c17', 'circulating il-13', 'temporalis morphology trait', 'intervertebral cartilage morphology trait', 'blood vessel constriction measurement', 'milk cd36 molecule concentration', 'sex gland secretion trait', 'biliary tract', 'milk margaric acid', 'posterior nares', 'liver malondialdehyde level to liver weight ratio', 'eosinophil granulocyte percentage', 'milk palmitic acid', 'enamel morphology', 'blood cd45rchigh cd8 t cell count to total cd8 t cell count ratio', 'femur biomechanical measurement', 'adipocyte free fatty acid secretion measurement', 'disease onset/diagnosis', 'enteric nervous system morphology trait', 'gestational', 'intestine development', 'germinal center b cell physiology', 'alveolar process', 'circulating il-15', 'uterus wet', 'viable sperm count', 'tibial midshaft cortical cross-sectional area', 'thermoregulation', 'cd25+ cell to cd4+ cell ratio as', 'whole body lean tissue volume', 'ankle bone morphology trait', 'arthritis incidence/prevalence', 'myeloid leukemia prevalence', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,trans-13-c18:2 percentage', 'midbrain morphology', 'gastrointestinal system development', 'femur midshaft ip', 'urine calcium excretion rate', 'circulating b-cell growth factor-i', 'pineal body morphology', 'single-positive t cell', 'brain tissue protein/peptide composition measurement', 'calculated trichinellosis severity measurement', 'blood alanine transaminase activity', 'sphenoid sinus morphology', 'mandibular nerve branching morphology', 'superior semicircular canal size trait', 'blood cd25 cell count to cd4 cell count ratio', 'blood  acetaminofen auc', 'calculated food calorie intake', 'femur stiffness', 'touch corpuscle', 'spinal cord anterior column cd3-positive cell', 'heart posterior wall', 'neurocranium morphology trait', 'exocoelomic cavity morphology', 'neutrophil granulocyte count', 'duodenum mucosa thickness', 'tracheal cartilage morphology trait', 'thalamus morphology', 'nociceptor morphology trait', 'sa node', 'milk magnesium amount', 'macula utriculi morphology', 'spinal cord rat mhc class ii rt1-b protein', 'calculated heart left ventricle', 'blood oxygen amount', 'gamma-delta t cell development trait', 'thymic capsule morphology', 'renal corpuscle', 'polynuclear neutrophilic leucocyte physiology trait', 'hair follicle size trait', 'retina blood vessel', 'lens polarity', 'left-right axis symmetry of the somites', 'post-insult time to onset of moribundity', 'intraepithelial t-lymphocyte number', 'otoconia morphology trait', 'total skeletal', 'plasma angiotensin ii level to plasma angiotensin i level ratio', 'left rear ankle joint diameter', 'memory b-cell', 'calculated plasma albumin', 'organ of corti patterning', 'milk adph concentration', 'corpora quadrigemina morphology trait', 'tissue weight of the cecum', 'trigeminal v mesencephalic nucleus', 'infectious disease incidence/prevalence measurement', 'humerus width', 'longissimus dorsi size', 'pupil clarity', 'enamel rod organization', 'heart left ventricle infarction size as percentage of total heart left ventricle size', 'intramuscular adipose area to skeletal muscle area ratio', 'retinal attachment trait', 'suprarenal gland wet', 'heart wet weight to body weight ratio', 'elbow breadth', 'hypothalamus physiology trait', 'basophil development', 'cervical opening size trait', 'cornu ammonis', 'meat fatty acid cis-9-c16:1 concentration', 'basal glucose uptake', 'glia physiology', 'lung dry', 'serum igg subclass level', 'number of male offspring', 'cardiac myocyte', 'plasma lipid level', 'spleen periarteriolar lymphoid sheath morphology', 'femur mineral mass', 'skeleton extremities', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,trans-11-c18:2', 'tear duct', 'cerebrum physiology', 'calculated pvr', 'r wave duration', 'liver fibrosis measurement', 'hippocampus fornix morphology trait', 'secondary lens fiber', 'ham fat', 'artery tunica media width', 'jejunum glandular crypt depth', 'serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol to low density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio', 'milk btn content', 'lymphatic vessel', 'calculated mesenteric artery wall molecular composition', 'muscle zinc amount', 'ventral striatum morphology trait', 'neuron lysosome area to neuron cytoplasm area ratio', 'interleukin-1 alpha secretion', 'germ layer development', 'muscle palmitoleic acid', 'lumbar vertebra trabecular cross-sectional', 'vibrissae shape', 'adipose palmitoleic acid concentration', 'kidney medulla morphology trait', 'st amplitude', 'stria vascularis ductus cochlearis morphology', 'cholesterol absorption trait', 'heart right atrium capacity', 'milk whey acidic protein content', 'mesencephalon morphology', 'respiration rate', 'trigeminal nerve neurilemmoma formation', 'kidney collecting duct morphology', 'milk astringent flavor intensity', 'milk xanthine oxidoreductase', 'pacinian corpuscle morphology', 'liver tumor incidence', 'endometrial tumor measurement', 'bite alignment', 'alimentary/gastrointestinal disease incidence/prevalence', 'oogenesis trait', 'splenic size trait', 'splenic interferon gamma-secreting mononuclear cell', 'food calorie intake level to change in body weight ratio', 'dressed carcass fat', 'primary muscle spindle', 'blood cystatin level', 'epaxial muscle morphology trait', 'individual kidney wet', 't helper 2 function', 'milk fatty acid cis-11-c16:1 percentage', 'diaphragm mass', 'plasma acetaminophen', 'serum creatine kinase activity level', 'placental transport', 'vision', 'residual feed intake', 'il-6 secretion', 'liver fat morphological measurement', 'tibial cortical bone volume', 'bone cross-sectional area', 'respiratory alveolus morphology', 'exudate measurement', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis onset/diagnosis', 'milk arachidic acid content', 'paired-pulse facilitation', 'limb conformation', 'calculated brain ventricle morphological measurement', 'percentage of study population displaying poorly differentiated malignant colorectal tumors at a point in time', 'tumor incidence/prevalence', 't cell anergy trait', 'adipose fatty acid c14', 'adipose hexadecanoic acid', 'pancreas insulin', 'brain non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'joint morphology', 'white corpuscle', 'heart atrium morphology trait', 'saccule morphology', 'thymocyte quantity', 'red blood cell sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase activity', 'chronic eae incidence/prevalence measurement', 'serum anti-bovine type ii collagen antibody level', 'heart contraction', 'follicular b cell physiology trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-11-c18:1', 'styloid process of temporal bone morphology trait', 'forebrain dopamine amount', 'malignant colorectal tumor surface area measurement', 'lymphatic vessel morphology', 'tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 'feather tract width', 'porphyrin', 'uterus molecular composition', 'heart shape', 'spleen non-tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence measurement', 'myelopoiesis', 'rectum weight', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic t cell morphology', 'urine aldosterone', 'breast composition trait (poultry)', 'liver cholesterol amount', 'epididymis mass', 'secretion by pancreas trait', 'placenta development trait', 'ratio of the area occupied by pancreatic islets to total pancreatic area', 'supine abdominal height', 'basophil cell', 'dressed carcass water content', 'shoulder external fat', 'serum anti-self antibody level', 'heart interventricular wall', 'percentage of study population developing unilateral renal agenesis during a period of time', 'cerebellar pyramid', 'igl morphology', 'bulbourethral gland morphology', 'ap', 'hepatic system', 'tunel-positive cell number to total cell number ratio', 'semilunar valve', 'whole body visceral fat', 'blood phospholipid', 'serum aspartate transaminase activity level', 'oliva morphology trait', 'neurocranium size', 'circulating tcgf level', 'heart left ventricle ventral wall', 'cornea/lens morphology', 'urinary bladder transitional epithelium morphology', 'skin fold thickness, suprailiac', 'virus infection incidence/prevalence measurement', 'sublingual salivary gland cholinergic innervation pattern trait', 'vertebra compact bone cross-sectional area', 'calculated horizontal distance resulting from voluntary locomotion in an experimental apparatus', 'oliva', 'posterior semicircular canal morphology', 'serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity level', 'endolymphatic sac size', 'thigh bone', 'vestibular window morphology trait', 'histocompatibility type', 'eosinophil morphology', 'maternal age at birth of last offspring', 'malleus morphology trait', 'myringa', 'neuron cytoplasm area', 'postnatal growth trait', 'circulating t helper factor', 'facial nerve morphology trait', 'vaginal epithelium thickness', 'drink energy intake level to body weight ratio', 'longissimus thoracis muscle thickness', 'type iv spiral ligament fibrocyte morphology trait', 'blood peptidyl-dipeptidase a activity level', 'calculated serum lipoprotein', 'alcohol clearance rate', 'mcv', 'respiratory alveolar epithelial cell morphology', 'cd8+ t cell morphology', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t cell morphology', 'blood follicle stimulating hormone', 'milk fatty acid c22:6(n-3) percentage', 'kidney edema incidence/prevalence measurement', 'middle cerebral artery lumen diameter', 'brain total spike-and-wave discharge duration', 'nk t lymphocyte morphology', 'wing trait', 'calculated heart left ventricle dna', 'blood co2', 'medial ganglionic eminence', 'spongy bone morphology trait', 'blood cpk activity level', 'white adipose amount', 'tissue hva amount', 'milk fatty acid trans-7,cis-9-c18:2 concentration', 'hepatic tumorous lesion volume measurement', 't1 b cell morphology', 'coronary artery', 'fractional change in vessel distensibility contributing to the pressure-flow relationship', 'lipid homeostasis trait', 'skeleton extremities morphology', 'limb', 'telencephalon cell quantity', 'cd4-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-cell morphology', 'salty taste sensitivity trait', 'induced arthritis onset/diagnosis', 'calculated aortic wall molecular composition measurement', 'milk yield trait', 'egl morphology', 'prickle cell size', 'dermatome', 'disease demographics measurement', 'heart ventricle septum morphology', 'tb.th', 'zygoma morphology', 'cerebrospinal fluid chloride level', 'factor d physiology trait', 'colon morphology', 'parietomastoid suture morphology', 'skin sodium ion level', 'iel number', 'blood chylomicron triglyceride level', 'oesophagus length', 'monocyte cell', 'plasma non-hdl, non-ldl cholesterol', 'in vivo vessel shear stress measurement', 'respiratory system development', 'hydrogen ion homeostasis', 'ejaculation measurement', 'basement membrane morphology', 'glomerular epithelial cell morphology', 'calculated liver malondialdehyde', 'ulna', 'pulmonary artery pressure', 'epididymal fat pad morphology trait', 'sschn tumor number', 'phalanx quantity', 'epiphysial plate proliferative zone', 'gastric gland morphology trait', 'decrease in blood ethanol level', 'neurotransmission', 'liver function', 'skin layer morphology', 'spleen primary b follicle', 'circulating t-cell-replacing factor level', 'hip width', 'heart infarction size', 'self tolerance trait', 'spinal cord cd74 protein', 'minute ventilation (ve)', 'neural plate', 'cns glia morphology', 'organ lesion measurement', 'muscle conductivity trait', 'kidney lipid composition measurement', 'milk fatty acid c22:6(n-3) concentration', 'meat c18:3 n-6', 'serum ige', 'calculated urine albumin level', 'plasma magnesium level', 'individual left kidney wet', 'blood immunoglobulin g level', 'cerebellar vermis', 'cardiac excitatory physiology trait', 'abdominal fat morphological', 'serum immunoglobulin g subclass level', 'neuronal rough endoplasmic reticulum area', 'spatial reference memory trait', 'reticulorumen weight', 'dentin', 'interdigital webbing', 'skeleton measurement', 'nk t lymphocyte number', 'plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity', 'ldl cholesterol', 'adipose linolenic acid concentration', 'blood flavanone', 'femur energy to break', 'gustatory papillae morphology', 'sheltering behavior', 'atrial appendage morphology', 'hippocampus neuron morphology', 'leg fat', 'splenic interferon gamma-secreting mononuclear cell count', 'thymic corticomedullary boundary', 'milk fatty acid c24', 'circulating il16 level', 'peak oxygen uptake', 'blood mineralcorticoid', 'calculated neuron mitochondrion area measurement', 'gastric surface mucous cell morphology', 'ctl morphology trait', "hensen's node morphology", 'nipple morphology', 'left-right axis patterning', 'ear crystal size trait', 'blood t helper 1-like cell', 'circulating b-cell stimulatory factor-1', 'cochlear hair cell inter-stereocilial links', 'femur midshaft morphological measurement', 'plasma magnesium', 'brain morphological', 'serum acetaminophen', 'testicular cell', 'wound healing trait', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte number', 'hindlimb muscle morphology', 'palatal process morphology trait', 'neutrophilic leucocyte morphology', "schlemm's canal", 'malignant hepatic tumor prevalence', 'cachectin secretion', 'proximal convoluted tubule', 'b-cell differentiation factor secretion', 'labia minora', 'splenic development', 'pelvic girdle morphology trait', 'tibia-fibula cross-sectional', 'left major bronchus morphology trait', 'interleukin-15 secretion trait', 'frontal lobe morphology', 'ventral horn morphology', 'circulating hdl cholesterol', 'heart ventricle end-diastolic septal wall index', 'germinal center b cell morphology trait', 'circulating il6', 'plasma adrenaline', 'transitional stage b-cell morphology', 'adipose fatty acid content', 'liver edema incidence/prevalence', 'maternal nurturing', 'placenta vascular', 'embryonic epiblast morphology', 'palate width', 'colorectal neoplasm prevalence', 'meat aldehyde content', 'plasma hemoglobin level', 'parasympathetic preganglionic fiber morphology trait', 'circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone', 'intestine weight', 'cn-iii', 'tibial straight length', 'total volumetric bone mineral density', 'total water only intake', 'single positive t cell physiology trait', 'radius', 'blood immunoglobulin d amount', 'lumbar vertebral trabecular cross-sectional', 'cajal-retzius cell morphology', 'fenestra ovalis morphology', 'lymph physiology trait', 'ear unfolding initiation trait', 'granule layer lamination integrity', 'coat/hair physiology trait', 'ileum glandular crypt', 'platelet measurement', 'serum low density lipoprotein phospholipid', 'autoantibody concentration', 'brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid', 'caudal ganglionic eminence morphology trait', 'spinal cord c1qb protein', 'plasma insulin-like growth factor 2 level', 'serum igg-rheumatoid factor', 'cerebral cortex pyramidal cell morphology trait', 'mid-humerus width', 'blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier morphology', 'circulating il4', 'fecal parasite egg count', 'hyaloid membrane', 'testis physiology', 'vulva size', 'heart left ventricle end-systolic elastance', 'blood cd45rclow cd8 t cell count', 'post-immunization time to onset of ean', 'plasma immunoglobulin measurement', 'circulating triiodothyronine level', 'pulmonary interstitium morphology trait', 'pulp cavity morphology', 'heart left atrium morphological', 'lumbar vertebral cross-sectional', 'brain dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac)', 'il15 secretion', 'calculated aortic smooth muscle cell count', 'b-2 b cell morphology', 'b-1 b cell quantity', 'heart rna composition measurement', 'artery outer diameter', 'placental labyrinth morphology trait', 'adipose fatty acid amount', 'parasympathetic ganglion morphology trait', 'nasal septum', 'chief cell', 'plasma campesterol level', 'interleukin-12 secretion trait', 'ratio of pcna-positive cells to total liver tumorous lesion cells', 'meat fatty acid c22', 'ratio of hepatic oxidized glutathione level to liver', 'pterygoid muscle size trait', 'ear morphology trait', 'hair cell physiology', 'muscular system trait', 'change in rsna to change in intracerebroventricular sodium concentration ratio', 'vena cava morphology', 'jejunal smooth muscle contractility', 'orbitosphenoid morphology', 'renal medulla cell', 'left ventricular cell size trait', 'immune cell development trait', 'thymus corticomedullary boundary morphology', 'cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t lymphocyte morphology', 'blood cd4 lymphocyte count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'hook width', 'calculated kidney weight', 'calculated ankle joint diameter', 'hypaxial muscle morphology', 'utricle morphology', 'p-cell stimulating factor secretion', 'vertebral body development', 'kidney cortex trpv4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratio', 'epididymal fat pad weight to body weight ratio', 'brain dopamine amount', 'serum acetaminophen level', 'kidney cortical adrenomedullin', 'circulatory system trait', 'cloaca morphology trait', 'percentage of study population developing t-cell lymphomas during a period of time', 'gonad rudiment morphology', 'muscle area', 'serum hdl-c', 'posture trait', 'iris morphology trait', 'long-term synaptic depression trait', 'blood amino acid level', 'skin h2o level to skin dry weight ratio', 'ethanol intake volume', 'inflammatory exudate ltb4 level', 'eosinophilic leucocyte physiology trait', 'urinary bladder measurement', 'caval vein', 'body weight gain', 'calculated brain ventricle morphological', 'external lymph node morphology trait', 'milk potassium content', 'van horne canal', 'drink calorie intake level to body weight ratio', 'ventral spinal root', 'cd4-negative, cd8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte morphology trait', 'plasma paracetamol', 'upper jaw morphology', 'plasma anti-single-stranded dna antibody level', 'adipose octadecanoic acid', 'heart tube looping morphogenesis', 'tarsometatarsus morphology', 'blood cortisol', 'adipose androstenone content', 'urine albumin amount', 'heart left ventricle end-systolic', 'parametrial fat depot', 'copper', 'vitreous lamella morphology trait', 'mid-tibia cortical thickness', 'absolute change in adipocyte glucose uptake', 'egg shell reflectivity', 'blood sorbital dehydrogenase', 't-cell physiology', 'nacc morphology trait', 'liver tumor number', 'tibialis anterior muscle weight to body weight ratio', 'urine aldosterone amount', 'lens bow organization', 'circulating cholesterol level', 'tumor necrosis factor', 'ratio of splenic ipca', 'serum levels of acth', 'meat stiffening trait', 'wing percentage', 'basis cranii', 'blood rt6.1 positive cell count as percentage of total lymphocytes', 'urine urea', 'aorta cellular protein level', 'nk cell cytolysis', 'hippocampus mossy fiber morphology', 'blood creatine phosphokinase activity', 'tendon physiology trait', 'cd4-, cd8-, alpha-beta intraepithelial t cell', 'thymus subcapsular epithelium morphology trait', 'eosinophil cell number', 'alveolar body', 'vitamin and cofactor metabolism', 'abdominal wall mass', 'milk fatty acid c17:0', 'central b cell anergy trait', 'greasy fleece weight', 'femur midshaft polar moment of inertia', 'bone trabecular cross-sectional', 'liver tumorous lesion volume measurement', 'lvet', 'milk protein content', 'brain type ii spike-wave discharge amplitude', 'connective tissue physiology', 'hepatocellular carcinoma incidence', 'renal medulla morphology trait', 'brain protein/peptide composition', 'spatial reference memory', 'tongue non-tumorous lesion', 'calvaria morphology', 'muscle cell morphology', 'incisor growth trait', 'intraepithelial t cell morphology trait', 'maxillary shelf', 'colostrum trait', 'milk retinol', 'heart wall thickness', 'hcc tumor number', 'spleen rna composition', 'cranial flexure', 'femur toughness', 'salivary duct morphology', 'club cell', 'polynuclear neutrophilic leucocyte morphology trait', 'artery internal elastic lamina defect', 'serum oxidized glutathione', 'relapsing/remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'cd8+ t cell number', 'egg production', 'embryonic subventricular zone morphology', 'gamma-delta t lymphocyte', 'gubernaculum', 'diaphragm muscle thickness', 'serum igm level', 'limbic lobe', 'cerebellum vermis', 'milk trans-11,cis-15-octadecadienoic acid content', 'left ventricular ejection time', 'leg length', 'vertebral body morphology trait', 'splenic marginal zone morphology trait', 'meat fatty acid trans-16-c18', 'tibia mass', 'circulating cachectin', 'iron', 'subependymal plate morphology', 'lateral ventricle', 'number of ribs', 'cardiac muscle cell morphological measurement', 'blood vessel distensibility measurement', 'adipose beta-carotene', 'heart ventricular morphology', 'interleukin-6 secretion', 'blood vessel wall thickness as percentage of blood vessel lumen diameter', 'heart angiotensin i converting enzyme 2 activity', 'ileum weight', 'olfactory receptor', 'exploratory behavior', 'kidney collecting tubule', 'waist girth', 'blood anti-insulin autoantibody amount', 'spiral ligament', 'memory b cell number', 'femur midshaft cross-sectional', 'milk malt flavor intensity', 'proximal convoluted tubule morphology', 'blood interferon-alpha', 'teat angle', 'blood interleukin-23', 'blood albumin', 'prepuce morphology', 'blood ldl-c level', 'olfactory receptor neuron', 'proprioceptive neuron morphology trait', 'auditory perception', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic t cell', 'transitional one stage b-lymphocyte', 'percent change in food intake', 'urinary bladder', 'embryonic cilia morphology', 'lipid absorption', 'milk fatty acid trans-8,cis-10-c18:2', 'suppressor t cell morphology', 'heart ventricle trabeculae', 'mineral homeostasis', 'liver nucleic acid', 'circulating level of adh', 'stellate ganglion morphology trait', 'pancreas lesion measurement', 'heart muscle compact layer morphology trait', 'commissure morphology', 'lipid homeostasis', 'hair follicle development', 'iris size', 'paraoxonase-1 activity', 'pupil size trait', 'serum il6', 'circulating cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor', 'tunica vasculosa oculi', 'cardiac muscle cell morphological', 'bcgf-ii secretion', 'blood vessel smooth muscle measurement', 'integumentary system morphology trait', 'radius morphology', 'renal tubular apoptosis', 'vascular elastic tissue morphology', 'milk fatty acid trans-6-8-c18', 'milk prolactin', 'cerebellum plate', 't cell', 'muscle linolenic acid content', 'unk cell morphology trait', 'neck', 'slope of contraction-induced renal vascular resistance curve', 'secondary muscle spindle', 'percent post-birth perinatal deaths', 'milk vaccenic acid concentration', 'initial amount of time spent in a discrete space in an experimental apparatus before moving to a different space', 'milk fatty acid c15', 'rt6.2 positive t cell count', 'female fertility trait', 'total lung capacity', 'circulatory system development trait', 'mantle zone', 'glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure gradient', 'sciatic nerve', 'sperm count', 'primary muscle spindle morphology trait', 'plasma angii/angi', 'viral infection onset/diagnosis measurement', 'complete blood cell count', 'patella', 'calculated food intake weight', 'basophil count as percentage of total white blood cells', 'metatarsal bone morphology trait', 'retinal inner plexiform layer morphology', 'natural killer t-cell physiology trait', 'single positive t cell morphology trait', 'plasma dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase activity level', 'calculated inflammatory exudate eicosanoid measurement', 'kidney sclerotic glomerular volume to total kidney glomerular volume ratio', 'hepatic total tumorous lesion', 'leukocyte proliferation', 'hippocampal development', 'blood renin', 'tail size', 'urine electrolyte excretion rate', 'daily sperm count', 'sympathetic nervous system morphology', 'lumbar vertebra cross-sectional area', 'turbinate morphology trait', 'blood ace2 activity', 'circulating follicle stimulating hormone level', 'milk fatty acid c6:0 percentage', 'scapular spine morphology trait', 'total hepatic copper', 'transitional two stage b lymphocyte number', 'viable sperm count to total sperm count ratio', 'pancreas weight as a percentage of body', 'follitropin secretion', 'hippocampus proper', 'heart physiology', 'logarithm of the total number of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae bacterial colony forming units recovered', 'strial marginal cell number', 'monocyte cell number', 'blood glutathione amount', 'great vessel orientation trait', 'basal layer', 'circulating ldl cholesterol', 'hippocampus neuron morphology trait', 'circulating total protein level', 'malignant hepatocellular carcinoma prevalence', 'blood protein amount', 'cerebral cortex pyramidal neuron morphology', 'juiciness score', 'artery wall measurement', 'lamina visceralis pericardii morphology trait', 'saccular macula morphology trait', 'thymus cortico-medullary junction', 'calculated islet beta cell mass of duodenal region of pancreas', 'gland physiology trait', 'rump body length', 'pons', 'femur metaphysis morphological measurement', 'malpighian pyramid size trait', 'femoral metaphysis morphological measurement', 'labyrinthus osseus morphology', 'subcutaneous tissue', 'peripheral t-lymphocyte anergy', 'muscle cholesterol amount', 'muscle cholesterol', 'z line morphology trait', 'udder cleft morphology', 'long bone diaphysis morphology trait', 'mammary areola quantity', 'whisker length', 'sa node morphology trait', 'vaginal opening size', 'calculated neuron lysosome area measurement', 'circulating interleukin-23b', 'measurement', 'fsh secretion', 'spleen molecular composition', 'labia majora morphology trait', 'b lymphocyte count as percentage of total white blood cells', 'middle ear bone morphology', 'uterine horn', 'milk manganese amount', 'muscle lipid amount', 'blood insulin-like growth factor 1 level', 'renal venous blood flow rate', 'blood basophil count', 'calculated heart right ventricle', 'percentage of study population developing unilateral left-sided renal agenesis during a period of time', 'urine potassium', 'calculated pancreatic islet area', 'rib muscle weight', 'platelet aggregation measurement', 'nk t-cell number', 'basicranium morphology', 'blood antibody level', 'ear morphology', 'tissue protein amount', 'cholesterol level', 'vallate papillae morphology trait', 'trichinella infection severity', "peyer's patch epithelium morphology", 'compact bone morphology', 'milk cis-9-heptadecenoic acid content', 'plasma uric acid level', 'serum anti-self antibody titer', 'calculated kidney protein composition measurement', 'salivary gland mucosal cell', 'blood glutathione peroxidase', 'nostril morphology', 'nasoanal length', 'short lived plasma cell morphology', 'creatinine clearance', 'superior olivary complex morphology', 'longissimus dorsi length', 'gastric non-tumorous lesion', 'experimental arthritis onset/diagnosis measurement', 'calculated blood paracetamol', 't helper 2 cell', 'prostate gland dry weight', 'epicanthal fold morphology', 'meat nitrogen', 'perivascular macrophage', 'temperament', 'incisive bone morphology trait', 'seminal vesicles', 'absolute change in adipocyte nefa release per cell', 'hippocampal neuron', 'percentage of study population developing kidney tubular degeneration during a period of time', 'granulated metrial gland cell', 'serum insulin level times blood glucose', 'abdominal adipose amount', 'pancreatic isletitis measurement', 'wing weight', 'cochlear ganglion size', 'calculated trichinella infection severity', 'talus', 'vermis', 'circulating hematopoietin-1', 'kidney tubular degeneration prevalence', 'nodose ganglion neuron quantity', 'urine acetoacetone level', 'bone', 'habenular nucleus morphology trait', 'pituitary gland physiology trait', 'active avoidance behavior', 'lung morphology', 'submandibular lymph node morphology trait', 'gill arch development', 'secretion by ovary trait', 'islet of langerhans beta cell', 'benign hepatic tumor', 'area of individual prostate tumorous lesion', 'skin morphological', 'total drink calorie intake', 'biliary tract morphology trait', 'heart pumping trait', 'milk steroid content', 'spiral ligament of cochlea morphology', 'vocalization', 'impulse conducting system', 'eye muscle morphology', 'mononuclear cell count', 'serum ldl phospholipid', 'developmental patterning', 'eosinocyte differentiation', 'post-insult time to trigeminal nerve malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor formation', 'parasite count', 'kidney paraoxonase-1 activity', 'serum triacylglycerol level', 'maxillary shelf morphology trait', 'retinol metabolism', 'white adipose tissue morphology trait', 'total energy intake level', 'toxoplasma gondii brain cyst prevalence', 'hematopoietic system physiology trait', 'milk dusty flavor intensity', 'cerebellum external granule cell layer thickness', 'epiphysis cerebri morphology', 'summary potential threshold', 'pulmonary vein morphology', 'ham external fat', 'sgot activity', 'bacterial infection severity score', 'pulmonary arterial diastolic blood pressure', 'calculated blood vessel wall thickness', 'blood estrogen level', 'blood amino acid amount', 'meat lauric acid', 'production', 'nociception system morphology', 't cell receptor alpha chain v-j recombination', 'mammary gland fetal development', 'meibomian gland morphology', 'il-8 physiology', 'inner medullary pyramid size', 'percent change in body weight', 'gamma-delta intraepithelial t-cell number', 'skin mineral amount', 'kidney medulla morphology', 'organ of corti morphology', 'ratio of change in body weight to initial total body', 'calculated single kidney weight', 'stomach glandular epithelium morphology trait', 'calculated heart infarction weight', 'stratum corneum morphology', 'light reflection', 'red blood cell morphology', 'spleen ribonucleic acid', 'mortality rate', 'milk fatty acid cis-5,8,11,14-c20', 'blood aldosterone', 'serum total igg level', 'long bone epiphysis', 'anterior eye segment morphology', 'calculated blood vessel smooth muscle cell count', 'spine', 'kidney vascular morphology', 'muscle morphological', 'aorta elastic tissue molecular composition', 'prostate morphology', 'blood tnfa', 'blood anti-self antibody titer', 'eyelash retention', 'skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain type iia', 'lymph node t cell domain', 'inflammatory exudate measurement', 'mitogen-stimulated white blood cell proliferation measurement', 'il-13 secretion', 'bulbourethral gland dry weight', 'xenobiotic pharmacokinetics', 'heart infarction measurement', 'blood anti-deoxyribonucleic acid antibody', 'blood alanine transaminase amount', 'sebaceous gland physiology trait', 'basal white blood cell proliferation measurement', "meissner's corpuscle size trait", 'circulatory system', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic t-lymphocyte morphology', 'appendicular skeleton morphology trait', 'embryonic-extraembryonic boundary', 'cerebrum morphology trait', 'heart left ventricle', 'milk beta-casein amount', 'type iia myofiber abundance', 'blood vessel smooth muscle physiology', 'cn-xi', 'albumin level', 'blood adrenocorticotropin amount', 'left perirenal fat pad', 'left ventricular end-diastolic dimension', 'relapsing-remitting eae incidence/prevalence measurement', 'xiphoid process morphology', 'ovarian follicle size', 'liver triglyceride level', 'femur midshaft biomechanical', 'heart left ventricle natriuretic peptide a amount', 'st wave displacement', 'hippocampus development', 'blood intermediate density lipoprotein phospholipid', "merkel's receptor nerve fiber organization", 'absolute change in ekg lf/hf', 'calculated kidney medulla protein composition measurement', 'intraepithelial lymphocyte number', 'saccharin index', 'bill', 'serum anti-bovine type 2 collagen antibody', 'oculomotor nerve morphology', 'osteophage physiology', 'latency to locate a target platform in an experimental apparatus', 'cricoid cartilage morphology trait', 'heart left atrium morphology', 'number of glomeruli with microaneurysms', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c18:1 concentration', 'sinus circularis', 'viral disease incidence/prevalence measurement', 'primitive streak morphology trait', 'stomach tumor count', 'haemoglobin measurement', 'interferon-alpha secretion trait', 'milk retinol content', 'colostrum immunoglobulin g', 'thymocyte apoptosis trait', 'kidney tubule apoptosis', 'malignant colorectal tumor prevalence', '3-methyl indole', 'olfactory cortex', 'granulocyte development trait', 'number of adipocytes per cubic centimeter of muscle', 'serum intermediate density lipoprotein phospholipid level', 'esophagus size', 'nervous system electrophysiology trait', 'heart development', 'blood t helper 1-like cell count', 'turbinate morphology', 'embryonic erythropoiesis trait', 'back fat thickness', 'circulating testosterone', 'bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue morphology trait', 'milk soluble calcium content', 'calculated intramuscular fat morphological measurement', 'germinative layer morphology', 'ovarian folliculogenesis', 'd-hair receptor morphology trait', 'endometrium', 're', 'cerebrovascular system integrity', 'iris pigmentation', 'dorsal horn morphology', 'milk trans fatty acid amount', 'vestibular cochlear ganglion morphology', 'male reproductive organ morphological', 'hair medulla morphology trait', 'nociception system physiology', 'snout morphology trait', 'plasma gd activity level', 'jejunum mucosa thickness', 'liver disease severity', 'salivary gland physiology trait', 'heart right ventricle size trait', 'heart left atrium end-diastolic diameter', 'potassium chloride half maximal effective concentration (ec50)', 'igg2b level', 'phalangeal cell morphology trait', 'b-1b b-lymphocyte morphology', 'renal filtration fraction', 'blood cd4 cell', 'il7 secretion', 'circulating adrenocorticotropin', 'heart left ventricle weight as a percentage of body', 'lymph node cortex morphology', 'oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue morphology', 'back fat', 'adipocyte maximal non-esterified fatty acid secretion to basal non-esterified fatty acid secretion ratio', 'immune system cell physiology trait', 'meat mineral content', 'calculated heart infarction', 'plasma peptidyl-dipeptidase a activity', 'lymphocyte tracer radioactivity measurement', 'stomach lesion', 'percentage of study population developing retinopathy during a period of time', 'serum noradrenaline', 'perilymphatic space morphology', 'secretion by pancreas', 'milk vaccenic acid', 'kidney tumorous lesion measurement', 'liver mgmt mrna level', 'sensorineural hearing physiology', 'cge morphology trait', 'edr', 'plasma igd level', 'gamma-delta t-cell morphology', 'dn2 alpha-beta immature t-cell number', 'dermis mast cell morphology trait', 'meat dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid content', 'combined levator ani and bulbocavernosus muscle weight', 'uterine length', 'kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion measurement', 'blood differential white blood cell', 'kidney ace activity', 'liver tumorous lesion measurement', 'tibia energy to break', 'amacrine cell morphology trait', 'alpha-beta intraepithelial t-cell', 'marrow cavity morphology trait', 'brachial lymph node morphology trait', 'intermaxillary bone morphology', 'rumen volume', 'cns synapse formation', "peyer's patch germinal center", 'th2 cell count', 'blood very low density lipoprotein phospholipid level', 'number of offspring born alive', 'femur length', 'blood th2 cell percentage', 'olfactory epithelium', 'enteric nervous system morphology', 'adipose fatty acid c18:3 n-3', 'ratio of beta cell area to total islet of langerhans', 'optic nerve', 'prostate tumorous lesion area measurement', 'ossification', 'circular sinus morphology trait', 'calculated urine catecholamine excretion rate', 'vestibule', 'heart morphology trait', 'prostate epithelium', 'embryogenesis trait', 'spinal accessory nerve morphology', 'testis non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'bone section connectivity density', 'bulbourethral gland ductal cell', 'pancreas gland physiology trait', 'slope measurement of drug-induced contraction', 'ventricular septum morphology', 'arterial tunica media measurement', 'ventral prostate tumorous lesion', 'monocyte quantity', 'tissue serotonin', 'classical complement pathway', 'meat fatty acid c21', 'percentage of study population displaying toxoplasma gondii brain cysts at a point in time', 'il18 secretion', 'colorectal tumor count', 'receptor-dependent blood vessel maximum contractile force', 'cd45r-positive thymocyte', 'l4 dorsal root ganglion morphology', 'milk bitter flavor intensity', 'serum anti-rat type 2 collagen autoantibody titer normalized for absorbance', 'thoracic cavity morphology', 'loin eye', 'muscle thickness of the jejunum', 'retinal attachment', 'circulating il-2 level', 'pupil clarity trait', 'adipocyte incremental nefa secretion per unit volume', 'femur midshaft morphological', 'prevertebral ganglion morphology trait', 'marginal zone b cell quantity', 'serum gpt activity level', 'ear lobe morphology trait', 'oocyte number', 'hind limb morphological measurement', 'muller duct morphology trait', 'offspring number', 'areola morphology', 'serum prl', 'calculated hepatic tumorous lesion volume', 'optic nerve morphology trait', 'superoxide dismutase activity', 'stomach epithelial cell number', 'kidney catalase activity to total protein level ratio', 'heart left ventricle infarction measurement', 'milk light-oxidized flavor intensity', 'change in intracerebroventricular sodium concentration', 'stimulated rsna to basal rsna ratio', 'deltoid process', 'enteric cholinergic neuron', 'regional blood pressure trait', 'lv mass/bw', 'response to viral infection trait', 'plasma rat anti-self type 2 collagen antibody', "merkel's receptor nerve fiber organization trait", 'skin thickness', 'spongy substance morphology trait', 'stratum cylindricum', 'front feet phalanges count', 'osseous labyrinth', 'orbitosphenoid bone morphology trait', 'left ventricular end-diastolic volume', 'stomach tumor depth of invasion', 'testis non-tumorous lesion', 'serum anti-dsdna antibody level', 'inflammatory exudate cell', 'cochlear ihc', 'calculated heart right ventricle morphological measurement', 'circulating interleukin i', 'humerus size', 'cranial ganglion vii morphology', 'interleukin-13 secretion trait', 'spermiation trait', 'cochlea sensory epithelium morphology trait', 'esophagus size trait', 'renal blood flow change', '5-ht physiology', 'egg shell morphology trait', 'placenta labyrinth morphology', 'forelimb zeugopod morphology', 'calculated ventricle contraction measurement', 'percentage of study population developing endometrial adenocarcinomas during a period of time', 'cataract incidence', 'tenderness score', 'alisphenoid', 'milk adipophilin amount', 'roof plate morphology', 'keratinocyte development', 'myocardial performance index', 'forced vital capacity (fvc)', 'b cell quantity', 'bile duct development trait', 'hair follicle root sheath morphology trait', 'tissue cellular composition measurement', 'forebrain hva amount', 'percentage of study population developing testis tumors during a period of time', 'circulating antidiuretic hormone level', 'vertebral column morphology trait', 'blood physiology', 'cerebellum vermis cell number', 'circulating cytotoxic t lymphocyte-associated antigen 8 level', 'thymus development trait', 'interleukin-16 secretion', 'intervertebral disk morphology trait', 'spleen fdc network morphology', 'pituitary gland physiology', 'blood carbon dioxide amount', 'ratio of the number of zygotes/embryos lost postimplantation to the total number of offspring', 'hymen development', 'eye anterior chamber morphology trait', 'vision system trait', 'milk mineral yield', 'auditory vesicle cell number', 'serum anti-rat type 2 collagen antibody titer', 'caudal vertebra morphology trait', 'arterial tunica media', 'cochlear ihc physiology', 'kidney-specific lymphocyte tracer radioactivity measurement', 'calculated blood cd8 cell count', 'thermal receptor morphology', 'spinal column development', 'pectoralis major weight', 'tooth anlage development', 'skin sodium level to skin dry weight ratio', 'pancreas function', 'egg albumen height, fowl', 'cardiac septum morphology', 'quadrigeminal body morphology', 'dressed carcass muscle', 'serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol', 'blood ldl particle size', 'abnormal sperm count to total sperm count ratio', 'hair amount', 'change in map to change in [vasoactive chemical] ratio', 'forelimb muscle', 'epiphysial plate morphology trait', 'plasma mug1 level', 'urine cortisol level', 'thrombocyte morphology trait', 'renal cortex trpv4 protein level to beta-actin protein level ratio', 'circulating thyroxine', 'heart pumping', 'complement protein amount', 'plasma phosphorous level', 'bone section mineralized tissue surface-area-to-volume ratio', 'kidney malondialdehyde amount', 'marginal zone b cell morphology trait', 'blood leptin amount', 'disease process', 'calculated water drink intake rate', 'turbinate', 'circulating interleukine 2 level', 'plasma anti-laminin antibody titer', 'b-2 b cell number', 'kidney corpuscle morphology', 'pancreatic insulitis measurement', 'rate-pressure product', 'right hindlimb ankle joint diameter', 'biceps brachii mass', 'action potential trait', 'dressed carcass length', 'crista ampullaris', 'semilunar ganglion morphology trait', 'serum ace activity level', 'kidney adrenomedullin amount', 'eae post-insult time', 'brain ribonucleic acid composition', 'adrenal gland molecular composition measurement', 'lymphoid dendritic cell', 'serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein', 'acromial process', 'plasma anti-collagen antibody', 'pectoralis muscle morphology', 'urine protein/creatinine', 'cochlear inner hair cell afferent nerve fiber quantity', 'cd8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t lymphocyte morphology trait', 'serum afp', 'bone toughness', 'serum anti-collagen antibody level', 'the wet weight of both adrenal glands', 'spiral organ morphology trait', 'trigeminal nerve integrity', 'cornea thickness', 'urination behavior', 'meat fatty acid c17:0 percentage', 'neuronal mitochondrion area to neuronal cytoplasm area ratio', 'hind foot morphological measurement', 'neuronal migration trait', 'mucosa thickness of the jejunum', 'spongy bone', 'apical ectodermal ridge development trait', 'blood glutathione peroxidase amount', 'serum gldh activity level', 'renal trpv4 protein', 'liver mgmt mrna', 'blood cd45rclow cd4(+) t cell count', 'choroid vascular morphology', 'splenic capsule morphology trait', 'myocardium morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,cis-11-c18:2 percentage', "cowper's gland", 'muscle morphological measurement', 'leg muscle', 'white blood cell measurement', 'hippocampus pyramidal cell morphology', 'pyramidal tract', 'iris stroma cell', 'ammon horn', 'inguinal lymph node morphology trait', 'polymorphonuclear neutrophil physiology', 'serum orm1', 'heart right ventricle morphological', 'serum anti-toxoplasma antibody', 'vertebral arch development', 'small intestine weight', 'globus pallidus morphology', 'tcr v(d)j recombination', 'left adrenal gland wet', 'food calorie intake level to gain in body weight ratio', 'right suprarenal gland wet', 'experimental allergic neuritis onset/diagnosis', 'malar bone', 'liver physiology trait', 'cerebellar hemispheres', 'thoracic vertebra quantity', 'onset of t-cell lymphoma', 'xenobiotic pharmacokinetics trait', 'thymus trabeculae morphology trait', 'adipose fatty acid c14:0 content', 'plasmacytoid dendritic cell quantity', 'percentage of study population displaying leukemia at a point in time', 'retinal cone cell', 'oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue', 'somatic nervous system morphology trait', 'age at onset/diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type i', 'heptadecanoic acid percentage', 'spinal cord ventral horn t lymphocyte cell', 'calculated liver gsh level', 'strial vascular morphology trait', 'sarcolemma morphology', 'phrenic nerve morphology trait', 'plasma chylomicron', 'blood tnfa amount', 'palate', 'testis integrity', 'rump body mass index', 'milk fatty acid trans-11,trans-13-c18:2 concentration', 'intestinal aganglionosis incidence', 'percentage of study population developing benign colorectal tumors during a period of time', 'cingulate gyrus morphology trait', 'blood pressure time series baroreceptor response calculation parameter', 'tectorial membrane morphology trait', 'cochlear outer hair cell stereociliary bundle morphology', 'neopallium morphology', 'egg shell weight', 'organ tumorous lesion', 'interleukin-1 physiology', 'endometrium thickness', 'inguinal lymph gland dry', 'artery lumen diameter', 'bacterial infection', 'high frequency r-r spectral component', 'brain size trait', 'body length, nose to rump', 'cn-viii', 'femoral toughness measurement', 'ham meat weight', 'saccular spot morphology trait', 'swt', "rathke's pouch morphology", 'milk lauric acid content', 'colliculus morphology', 'venous return', 'circulating interferon level', 'blood interleukin-18 amount', 'percentage of study population displaying liver tumors at a point in time', 'pedicle morphology trait', 'percentage of study population displaying herpes simplex encephalitis at a point in time', 'iris cell quantity', 'hepatic tumor incidence', 'testis ribonucleic acid composition measurement', 'calculated cytotoxic t cell count', 'serum reduced glutathione', 'helper t-lymphocyte type 2 cell number', 'purkinje cell nerve fiber', 'digestive organ orientation', 'internal acoustic meatus morphology trait', 'heart left ventricle interstitial angiotensin ii amount', 'uterus weight as percentage of body weight', 'spleen formation', 'ammon gyrus morphology trait', 'renal plasma flow to body weight ratio', 'aorta wall extracellular elastin dry weight', 'floccular fossa morphology', 'spinal cord rt1-b protein', 'brain electrical activity', 'induced arthritis incidence/prevalence', 'respiratory alveolar epithelial cell', 'milk fatty acid c18:2(n-6) content', 'length of intestine affected by colonic aganglionosis', 'serum anti-bovine type ii collagen antibody titer', 'plasma acetaminophen auc', 'calculated artery inner diameter', 'aorta morphology', 'milk fatty acid cis-12-c18:1 concentration', 'blood gas level', 'utricular macula morphology trait', 'aqueduct of sylvius morphology trait', 'biceps femoris muscle weight', 'blood cd45rchigh cd8 t cell', 'peripheral b lymphocyte anergy', 'excretion behavior', 'tibia cortical bone midshaft periosteal cross-sectional', 'blood got activity', 'volume of individual hepatic tumorous lesion', 'calculated plasma e. coli specific antibody', 'ethmoid sinus morphology', 'calculated blood acetaminophen level', 'lymphocyte anergy', 'percent tumorous foci area in liver', 'kidney cell quantity', 'pancreatic beta cell morphology', 'heart elastic fiber morphology trait', 'renal medulla protein', 'interferon amount', 'sensorimotor gating', 'glomerular capillary hydraulic pressure', 'calculated serum acetaminophen', 'hind leg', 'egg shell yellowness', 'chemokine level', 'follicular b cell morphology', 'il-23p40 secretion', 'sarcoplasmic reticulum morphology', 'both lungs dry', 'calculated blood insulin level', 'circulating il5', 'hsv encephalitis latency', 'lip', 'alpha-linolenic acid', 'glycogenolysis', 'lung vascular morphology trait', 'limb development trait', 'dermis thickness', 'milk fatty acid trans-13/14-c18:1 content', 'tlr2 amount', 'pancreas/salivary gland morphology', 'platelet adhesion', 'serum ethanol level', 'equilibrioception system', 'milk omega-6', 'cardiac muscle relaxation', 'tendon', 'palate depth', 'comb morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c16', 'milk fatty acid cis-12,trans-14-c18:2 percentage', 'shoulder mass trait', 'tnfa level', 'experimental autoimmune neuritis incidence/prevalence measurement', 'femoral neck cortical cross-sectional', 'galt', 'renal tubule morphology', 'cardiomyocyte number', 'circulating interleukin-18 concentration', 'granulocyte count to total wbc count ratio', 'both seminal vesicles wet', 'calculated uterus', 'proventriculus morphology trait', 'gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion', 'both ears average of tympanic cavity epithelium depth', 'omasum volume', 'conjunctival blood vessel morphology', 'of the lesioned side motor neuron', 'frequency of pancreatic islet insulin release oscillations', 'calculated food energy intake measurement', 'milk fatty acid c7:0 concentration', 'wool trait', 'vestibular hair cell stereocilia size trait', 'efferent arteriolar resistance', 'mature b cell morphology trait', 'maximum rate of positive change in left ventricular blood pressure to left ventricular end-diastolic volume ratio', 'uterus development trait', 'vascular morphology', 'serum dehydroepiandrosterone', 'femur midshaft cross-sectional area', 'neuronal golgi apparatus area to neuronal cytoplasm area ratio', 'tactition trait', 'vasoconstrictor-induced blood vessel contractile force expressed as percent of force at baseline', 'primary muscle spindle size trait', 'brachial lymph node size', 'blood triiodothyronine', 'vas deferens', 'inguinal lymph node wet', 'immunoglobulin measurement', 'thorax development', 'cardiac myocyte diameter', 'gpt activity', 'complement alternative pathway function', 'cerebellum posterior vermis', 'gamma-delta t cell development', 'number of nucleated cells per  kidney glomerulus', 'blood cd4(+) lymphocyte count', 'percentage of study population developing stomach tumors during a period of time', 'meat arachidic acid content', 'single feeding food intake', 'blood superoxide dismutase', 'helper t lymphocyte type 1 cell number', 'white blood cell proliferation measurement', 'liver/biliary morphological measurement', 'benign colorectal neoplasm', 'calculated femoral neck cross-sectional area', 'balance measurement', 'milk arachidic acid percentage', 'ventral thalamus', 'rt6.1+ t cell', 'neutrophil physiology', 'percent change in mean arterial blood pressure', 'orbitosphenoid bone morphology', 'pns synaptic transmission trait', 'total number of offspring', 'hematuria incidence/prevalence measurement', 'eosinophil chemotaxis', 'hippocampal neuron morphology trait', 'mesangial cell morphology trait', 'diabetes mellitus prevalence', 'long bone metaphysis', 'trabecular volumetric bone mineral density', 'blood troponin t', 'cd8+ t cell development', 'inner ear canal morphology trait', 'slow-slope measurement of drug-induced contraction', 'barrel cortex morphology', 'neurocranium size trait', 'cochlear inner hair cell afferent innervation pattern trait', 'vestibular hair cell stereocilia', 'nitric oxide', 'nmda-mediated synaptic current', 'blood cst3 level', 'blood glycosylated hemoglobin level', 'facial motor nucleus size', 'tibia cortical bone volume to tibia total bone volume ratio', 'serum igg subclass', 'fornicate gyrus morphology trait', 'gamma-delta t lymphocyte number', 'heart enzyme activity level', 'defensive burying measurement', 'foot diagonal', 'lamellar bone', 'duration of grooming in an experimental apparatus', 'milk zinc', 'spiral limbus', 'thymus subcapsular epithelium morphology', 'common lymphocyte progenitor cell', 't cell morphology trait', 'calculated blood albumin level', 'endolymphatic potential', 'auditory vesicle morphology', 'nerve fiber response intensity', 'strength', 'fibula morphology', 'adipose oleic acid', 'right ventricular cell size trait', 'rib eye', 'lean tissue morphological measurement', 'meat fatty acid c18:0 concentration', 'urine enzyme level', 'scapula bone cell', 'calculated artery neointimal hyperplastic lesion area', 'alt activity level', 'cd4-negative, cd8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial t cell morphology', 'meat myoglobin concentration', 'axon morphology', 'total kidney area', 'serum gpx activity level', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma incidence', 'neuron rough endoplasmic reticulum', 'immature b-cell morphology trait', "cowper's gland wet", 'supplementary motor/speech area morphology', 'placenta morphology', 'ratio of insulin-positive cell area to total area of splenic region of pancreas', 'testis integrity trait', 'epidermis thickness', 'ohc electromotility', 'uterine horn mass', 'metencephalon', 'channel response trait', 'comb shape trait', 'blood glycohemoglobin', 'blood vessel smooth muscle contractility', 'anterior prostate', 'kidney-specific lymphocyte radioactive tracer measurement', 'hepatic mineral', 'colonic aganglionosis prevalence', 'renal tubule number', 'serum afp level', 'abdominal fat pad morphology trait', 'long bone', 'hypertrophic chondrocyte zone thickness', 'immune system morphology', 'blood vessel stenosis measurement', 'plasma dehydroepiandrosterone level', 'retinal cone cell morphology', 'brain type i spike-wave activity frequency', 'trigeminal v mesencephalic nucleus size', 'calculated kidney vascular resistance', 'kidney crescentic glomeruli', 'length', 'greasy fleece', 'both lungs wet weight as percentage of body', 'thymocyte morphology', 'femur midshaft area', 'bronchoconstriction', 'renal', 'pulmonary arterial systolic blood pressure', 'langerhans cell physiology trait', 'self harm severity', 'internal acoustic meatus morphology', 'tibia/fibula cross-sectional', 'hassal body morphology trait', 'external lymph node', 'blood interleukin-5', 'calculated brain weight', 'hair follicle orientation trait', 'type ii vestibular cell morphology trait', 'milk kappa-casein content', 'brainstem morphology', 'bone area moment of inertia', 'calculated lymph gland', 'integumentary system development', 'facial motor nucleus morphology', 'cerebellar granule neuron', 'fetal growth trait', 'heart left ventricle atrial natriuretic factor level', 'blood cd25(+) lymphocyte count', 'malignant hepatocellular carcinoma incidence/prevalence measurement', 'efferent colloid osmotic pressure', 'serum paracetamol', 'left renal fat pad weight', 'metacarpal bone number', 'heart left ventricle insulin-like growth factor 1 mrna level', 'superior semicircular canal', 'tongue lesion measurement', 'corpora lutea morphology', 'cochlear ihc afferent innervation', 'common lymphoid progenitor morphology trait', 'hippocampus pyramidal neuron morphology trait', 'glomerular capillaries morphology trait', 'retinol metabolism trait', 'urinary system', 'brown adipose tissue amount', 'trochlear nerve', 'milk fatty acid trans-8,trans-10-c18:2', 'cecum mass', 'nipple diameter', 'uterine horn length', 'intestine', 'thymus cortex area', 'skeletal muscle mechanoreceptor morphology', 'glutathione reductase activity', 'non-specified leukocyte count to total leukocyte count ratio', 'pharyngotympanic tube morphology trait', 'intestinal adult trichinella spiralis', 'igg1 level', 'blood insulin', 'experimental allergic encephalomyelitis incidence', 'interleukin-4 secretion', 'plasma growth hormone level', 'femur biomechanical', 'intramuscular adipocyte count', 'heart ventricle papillary muscle morphology', 'lung ace2 activity level', 'ana level', 'hair follicle organization', 'neurocranium mass', 'artery integrity trait', 'urinary system development trait', 'pancreatic alpha cell', 'periocular mesenchyme morphology trait', 'meat myoglobin', 'oestrous cycle', 'tympanic cavity epithelium', 'tissue peptide hormone composition', 'meat fatty acid cis-11-c18', 'left ventricular', 'number of periods of voluntary immobility', 'l5 drg morphology trait', 'vomeronasal organ morphology', 'serum androstenedione level', 'lymph vessel physiology trait', 'dressed carcass', 'uterus ribonucleic acid composition measurement', 'cerebellar purkinje cell layer morphology', 'egg shell', 'enamel thickness', 'red blood cell size', 'head size', "e wave velocity to e' wave velocity ratio", 'interscapular fat depot morphology trait', 'liver morphological measurement', 'blood vessel diameter', 'beak', 'self mutilation', 'heart left ventricle molecular composition trait', 'retinal vascular', 'blood band neutrophil count', 'blood ethanol clearance rate', 'anterior horn morphology', 'retinal cone bipolar cell morphology trait', 't-cell lymphoma prevalence', 'cd4+cd8+ t cell count', 'thoracic cavity', 'serum anti-porcine type 2 collagen antibody titer', 'spleen b-cell corona morphology', 'calculated drink calorie intake measurement', 'milk brown flavor intensity', 'alveolar process morphology trait', 't cell morphology', 'molar morphology', 'whole pancreas protein/peptide composition measurement', 'olfactory lobe morphology trait', 'oropharynx morphology trait', 'spleen gc', 'dermatome morphology trait', 'ifn-alpha secretion', 'seminal vesicle wet weight', 'total plasma bilirubin level', 'adipose fatty acid', 'gamma-delta t cell differentiation', 'colostrum somatic cell quantity', 'p40 t-cell growth factor secretion', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,trans-12-c18:2', 'milk fatty acid trans-6-8-c18:1 content', 'age of puberty', 'hemostasis trait', 'hair-down neuron morphology', 'brown adipose tissue morphology', 'dn3 alpha-beta immature t lymphocyte number', 'heart ventral wall', 'neonatal death of offspring shortly after birth', 'cochlear hair cell morphology trait', 'cardiomyocyte width', 'organ of corti supporting cell', 'post-insult time to onset of ean', 'milk stearic acid concentration', 'th1 cell number', 'platelet morphology trait', 'muller duct morphology', 'brain spike-wave activity amplitude', 'adipose protein amount', 'incisor bone morphology trait', 'primitive node', 'mammary gland morphological', 'unilateral renal agenesis incidence', 'becrr', 'pituitary gland hyperplasia measurement', 'uterus measurement', 'vertebrae morphological', 'nk t lymphocyte', 'plasma nh2-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide', 'percentage of study population developing hepatic tumors during a period of time', 'effective renal plasma flow', 'liver parenchymal degeneration prevalence', 'polymorphonuclear leukocyte', 'b-1a b cell quantity', 'self mutilation severity score', 't-cell growth factor secretion', 'the area occupied by cysts', 't-associated plasma cells cell number', 'palpebral glands size', 'femur width', 'calculated hirschsprung disease severity measurement', 'plasma anti-toxoplasma antibody level', 'plasma noradrenaline level', 'omasum morphology', 'relapsing-remitting eae incidence', 'fat physiology', 'milk fatty acid', 'stratum papillare corii', 'myocardium physiology trait', 'calculated testis', 'helper t cell type 1 cell number', 'white fat morphology trait', 'blood mineral amount', 'intestinal trypsin', 'fdc network morphology', 'transitional stage t1 b cell quantity', 'total femoral neck cross-sectional area', 'body weight of newly born offspring', 'mammary gland cistern morphology trait', 'pulmonary endothelial cell surface area', 'serum anti-single-stranded dna antibody titer', 'cerebrovascular lesions incidence', 'lymph gland wet weight to body weight ratio', 'auditory hair cell morphology', 'paries vestibularis ductus cochlearis morphology trait', 'limb development', 'blood prolactin level', 'spiral organ morphology', 'abdominal fat depot', 'ratio of subjects with ankylosis to total subjects with arthritis', 'splenic mononuclear cell count', 'blood-brain barrier', 'scotopic response', 'hypothalamus norepinephrine', 'femoral cross-section area', 'muscle nerve fiber quantity', 'tail', 'conspecific interaction trait', 'circulating mgi-2 level', 'experimental autoimmune uveitis severity', 'plasma alpha-1-acid glycoprotein level', 'respiratory mechanics trait', 'milk cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid content', 'cerebrospinal fluid chloride', 'autopod', 'single kidney wet weight as percentage of body weight', 'offspring measurement', 'gmg cell morphology trait', 'neurohypophysis morphology trait', 'plasma alpha-fetoprotein amount', 'cerebellum vermis morphology', 'lateral ganglionic eminence', 'colostrum igg', 'spontaneous abortion trait', 'sphenofrontal suture', 'subpallium development trait', 'aortic arch morphology trait', 'kidney gsh', 'kcl half maximal effective concentration (ec50)', 'fimbra hippocampus morphology', 'sympathetic nerve fiber organization trait', 'laryngeal mucosa goblet cell morphology', 'single kidney wet', 'percentage of study population displaying cerebrovascular lesions at a point in time', 'plasma ck activity', 'milk ammonia content', 'circulating alpha-interferon level', 'scala tympani', 'milk margaric acid content', 'low density lipoprotein cholesterol', 'single positive t cell morphology', 'adipocyte quantity', 'areola morphology trait', 'serum tc', 'rump)', 'interneuron', 'liver fibrotic lesion size', 'iliac artery morphology', 'calculated lv-ivrt', 'blood alcohol level at loss of balance/traction', 'stroke index', 'wing', 'carbohydrate absorption trait', 'spleen primary b follicle morphology trait', 'neutrophil leucocyte', 'ham bone-to-muscle', 'posterior column morphology', 'uveitis severity measurement', 'wrist bone morphology', 'frontal sinus morphology trait', 'liver fibrosis area measurement', 'lacrimal gland cholinergic nerve fiber organization trait', 'calculated both kidneys', 'spiral limbus morphology trait', 'blood interleukin-13', 'total area of pancreas head region', 'cancellous bone cross-sectional', 'hippocampal fimbria morphology', 'diabetes mellitus type i prevalence', 'feed conversion', 'suprarenal gland morphological measurement', 'sex gland physiology trait', 'lymph node medulla morphology', 'leg percentage', 'tender', 'the pressure-flow relationship', 'intervertebral cartilage morphology', 'pancreatic islet insulin release measurement', 'vibrissae morphology trait', 'tibial total bone volume', 'number of prompted entries into a discrete space in an experimental apparatus', 'mullerian duct morphology trait', 'circulating eosinophil-mast cell growth-factor', 'plasma immunoglobulin g level', 'respiratory passage morphology trait', 'schwann cell morphology', 'milk fatty acid cis-13-c18:1 percentage', 'pubic bone', 'beta-actin protein', 'absolute change in serum insulin', 'blood glutathione level', 'milk fatty acid c4:0', 'back-front patterning', 'dendritic cell development trait', 'vertebral body/neural arch fusion', 'pituitary gland dry', 'mammary fat depot morphology', 'ratio of the count of inflammatory cell-infiltrated pancreatic islets with b cell pathology to the total pancreatic islet', 'cardiac non-esterified fatty acid', 'vallate papillae morphology', 'atrioventricular cushion size', 'hypophysis measurement', 'calculated daily spermatozoa', 'milk thrombospondin receptor content', 'pedicle', 'spleen b cell follicle', 'proprioception system trait', 'kidney malondialdehyde', 'milk rumenic acid percentage', 'aorta wall thickness', 'logarithm of the intestinal adult trichinella spiralis', 'myeloid dendritic cell morphology trait', 'spinal cord rat mhc class ii rt1-b mrna', 'corpus callosum size', 'single ovary wet', 'sphenoid bone morphology', 'nose to rump bmi', 'oxygen saturation', 'viscerocranium morphology', 'waist/hip', 'dense bone', 'ean onset/diagnosis', 'epicardium morphology', 'deltoid eminence', 'skeletal muscle', 'central nervous system integrity', 'intestine trypsin', 'tracheal smooth muscle morphology', 'cd4+ t-cell morphology trait', 'plasma anti-porcine type ii collagen antibody', 'liver plant sterol and stanol level', 'muscle androstenone', 'plasmacytoid t cell morphology', 'uterus dry', 'transitional two stage b lymphocyte morphology trait', 'milk cholesterol ester content', 'bone marrow cavity morphology', 'kidney medulla', 'pancreatic islet insulin', 'milk trans-6/8=octadecenoic acid', 'hind leg weight', 'myeloblast morphology', 'blood peptidyl-dipeptidase a activity', 'epididymides weight', 'penis morphology trait', 'meat fatty acid c14:0', 'limbus laminae spiralis osseae morphology trait', 'cochlear hair bundle horizontal top connectors', 'intestine development trait', 'neuron rough endoplasmic reticulum area to neuron cytoplasm area ratio', 'cytotoxic t cell', 'cerebellum physiology', 'dorsal root ganglion organization', 'heart left ventricle dry weight', 'blood vessel elastic tissue morphology trait', 'non-specified leukocyte percentage', 'olfactory discrimination memory', 'intercapillary cell morphology', 'tibia-fibula cortical bone periosteal cross-sectional', 'serum anti-rat type ii collagen autoantibody', 'phalanx morphology trait', 'polynuclear neutrophilic leucocyte physiology', 'lymph node-specific lymphocyte radioactive tracer', 'milk lactoferrin content', 'macrophage cell number', 'calculated pituitary gland morphological measurement', 'b cell proliferation trait', 'calculated artery diameter', 'plasma cell number', 'respiratory system measurement', 'organ measurement', 'adrenergic system morphology trait', 'complement classical pathway physiology', 'pro-b cell development', 'right lung weight/left lung weight', 'serum glutamate dehydrogenase activity level', 'absolute change in right rear ankle joint diameter', 'maximal volume ventilation (mvv)', 'area of prostate occupied by tumorous lesions as percentage of total prostate area', 'ischial bone morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-4-c18:1 concentration', 'mononuclear cell', 'nest-building behavior', 'purkinje cell innervation pattern', 'nkt cell count', 'fiber type 1', 'cochlear tuning', 'humerus curvature trait', 'milk fatty acid c20:4 n-6 percentage', 'plasma total protein', 'lung size', 'daily sperm', 'curd firming rate', 'percentage of study population displaying endometrioid carcinoma at a point in time', 'single islet of langerhans', "e' wave velocity", 'natural killer cell stimulatory factor secretion', 'hippocampus neuron', 'blood b lymphocyte', 'binetrakin secretion', 'milk lactoferrin concentration', 'intramuscular adipose weight as percent of body', 'number of fat cells per cubic cm of muscle', 'number of live embryos per gestation', "hirschsprung's disease severity measurement", 'adipocyte incremental nefa secretion', 'right ventricular morphology trait', 'blood ldl triglyceride amount', 'granule cell morphology trait', 'relative change in food intake', 'pituitary tumor measurement', 'heart morphological', 'receptor-independent blood vessel maximum contractile force', 'lateral ventricle morphology', 'liver damage severity', 'heart infarction', 'milk saturated fatty acid percentage', 'heart left ventricle ribonucleic acid', 'milk beta-carotene amount', 'blood chloride', 'bone marrow cavity morphology trait', 'heart left ventricle natriuretic peptide a level', 'naive b cell morphology', 'wound healing', 'arterial wall measurement', 'hemolymphatic system morphology trait', 'onset of ear elevation', 'blood high density lipoprotein cholesterol', 'chemokine secretion trait', 'aspartate transaminase', 'kidney cortical adrenomedullin level', 'retinal cone bipolar cell morphology', 'calculated heart end-systolic intraventricular wall', 't cell receptor delta chain v(d)j rearrangement', 'blood interferon level', 'eye moisture', 'milk beta carotene content', 'bony labyrinth morphology trait', 'splenic primary b cell', 'calculated blood cd4 cell', 'blood phospholipid amount', 'b cell activation', 'right ventricular isovolumetric relaxation time', 'number of otoliths', 'eae severity measurement', 'plasma e. coli specific antibody level', 'pectoralis minor weight', 'secondary neuromuscular spindle morphology trait', 'muscular system development', 'live spermatozoa percent', 'lcf factor secretion', 'aortic wall elastin dry weight to aortic wall collagen weight ratio', 'adipose fatty acid c16:0 content', 'the area occupied by protein casts', 'individual right kidney wet', 'plasma chylomicron cholesterol level', 'stomach capacity', 'blood cd25 lymphocyte count', 'plasma total immunoglobulin e level', 'interventricular sulcus morphology', 'tympanic membrane morphology', "cowper's gland ductal cell number", 'duddell membrane morphology trait', 'osseous labyrinth morphology trait', 'vascular endothelium', 'proximal-distal axis patterning trait', 'residual lung volume', 'jowl weight', 'single testis volume', 'otolithic membrane morphology', 'trophoblast giant cell', 'total pancreatic islet', 'udder depth', 'blood epinephrine level', 'amina limitans posterior corneae morphology trait', 'ratio of the count of inflammatory cell-infiltrated pancreatic islets without b cell pathology to the total pancreatic islet', 'femoral fat depot morphology trait', 'st slope', 'liver pigmentation trait', 'sodium nitroprusside half maximal effective concentration (ec50)', 'blood gd activity', 'calculated intramuscular fat weight', 'cervical spinal cord dihyroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac) amount', 'circulating il-10 level', 'blood ace activity level', 'vomer bone morphology', 'heart left ventricle end-systolic internal diameter index', 'comb size', 'heart right ventricle weight to body weight ratio', 'hyoid bone morphology', 'nervous system tumor', 'bone polar moment of inertia to body weight ratio', 'fat cell morphological', 'sensory neuron morphology trait', 'blood hdl particle size', 'urine sorbital dehydrogenase amount', 'heart ribonucleic acid amount', 'gizzard', 'paraoxonase1 activity', 'fin regeneration', 'spleen white pulp morphology trait', 'thrombocyte morphology', 'mammary gland morphology', 'urine hemoglobin level', 'calculated tibial bone volume', 'lung angiotensin i converting enzyme activity level', 'skin adnexa development', 'blood cd4(+) lymphocyte count to total lymphocyte count ratio', 'spinal cord mhc class ii protein measurement', 'epidermis stratum corneum morphology', 'heart ventricle septum thickness', 'circulating natural killer cell stimulatory factor', 'milk cis-9-eicosenoic acid', 'calculated vocalization measurement', 'plasmacytoid dendritic cell morphology trait', 'spleen weight as percentage of body', 'drink intake weight', 'absolute circadian change in systolic blood pressure', 'milk fatty acid cis-12-c18:1 percentage', 'naive b cell number', 'circulating il-23p19 level', 'glucose absorption trait', 'testes cell quantity', 'sodium nitroprusside response/sensitivity', 'pituitary gland tumorous lesion', 'ppf', 'neural crest cell development', 'perinatal loss of fetus as percentage of total litter', 'hepatic tumorous lesion size', 'myocardial physiology', 'schwann cell quantity', 'secondary somatosensory cortex', 'single ovary wet weight', 'one seminal vesicle wet weight', 'distance run on treadmill', 'immune serum protein level', 'liver weight to tibia length ratio', 'both testes dry', 'calculated neuronal lysosome area', 'plasma hdl-c', 'cerebellum morphology', 'plasma orm1 level', 'lumbar vertebra length', 'renal fat pad volume', 'vertebra length', 'total horizontal distance covered resulting from voluntary locomotion in proximity to the target  in an experimental apparatus', 'milk cardboard flavor intensity', 'brain integrity trait', 'milk fatty acid cis-9-c20', 'external germinal layer', 'circulating il-1alpha level', 'amnion morphology', 'splenic marginal sinus morphology', 'hepatocyte organization trait', 'intake volume of ethanol', 'meat docosapentaenoic acid', 'methylenedioxymethamphetamine trait', 'comb length', 'benign liver tumor count', 'efferent lymphatic vessel', 'mesenteric artery phosphylated enos protein level to total enos protein level ratio', 'pressoreceptor morphology trait', 'milk alpha-s1-casein amount', 'red blood cell physiology trait', 'mv co', 'forebrain epinephrine', 'serum carboxyhaemoglobin level', 'connective tissue physiology trait', 'milk polyphenol content', 'ear physiology', 'gustatory papillae morphology trait', 'serum anti-rat type 2 collagen autoantibody level', 'palmitic acid', 'kidney glomerulosclerotic lesion count', 'embryonic cell/tissue morphology trait', 'cd4-, cd8-, alpha-beta intraepithelial t cell morphology trait', 'end-diastolic heart left ventricle posterior wall thickness', 'splenic periarteriolar lymphoid sheath morphology trait', 'plasma parathyroid hormone', 'femur size', 'umami taste sensitivity', 'opening time', 'brain sterol', 'blood cd45rc cd4 t cell count', 'blood o2 amount', 'percentage of study population developing anorectal malformation during a period of time', 'axial skeleton cell', 'total wbc', 'kidney enzyme activity measurement', 'calculated weight of islet beta cells in the head region of pancreas', 'cd8-positive t cell differentiation', 'cochlear outer hair cell morphology trait', 'longissimus thoracis area', 'hirschsprung disease incidence/prevalence measurement', 'cd45r+ thymocyte count', 'basal ganglion', 'trophectoderm morphology', 'smooth muscle physiology', 'functional teat', 'circulating p40 t-cell growth factor', 'skin potassium amount', 'cn-xi morphology', 'helper t-cell type 1 cell differentiation', 'auditory hair cell morphology trait', 'frontal bone', 'serum vasopressin', 'milk triacylglycerol content', 'pituitary gland tumorous lesion incidence/prevalence measurement', 'so/ai measurement', 't1d prevalence', 'immune response', 'red blood cell size trait', 'tibio-fibular complex cortical bone total cross-sectional', 'saccular spot morphology', 'absolute change in adipocyte free fatty acid release', 'superovulation/artificial insemination measurement', 'forebrain hva', 'lambdoid suture morphology', 'dermal layer morphology trait', 'heart molecular composition measurement', 'kidney protein carbonyl', 'milk mucin 1 concentration', 'brain commissure', 'urine sodium level to urine potassium level ratio', 'lge morphology trait', 'both adrenal glands wet weight', 'area of liver occupied by tumorous lesions as percentage of total liver', 'sarcoplasmic reticulum morphology trait', 't-lymphocyte apoptosis', 'single adrenal gland weight to body weight ratio', 'vestibular hair cell', 'corpus epididymis', 'limb number', 'intestine mass', 'meat 7-octadecenoic acid', 'fat cell circumference', 'artery measurement', 'vertebra total cross-sectional area', 'cranial ganglion morphology', 't lymphocyte morphology', 'onset of heart contraction', 'ca5(oh)(po4)3 content', 'prostate gland integrity', 'supplementary motor/speech area morphology trait', 'r-eae incidence/prevalence measurement', 'milk mucin 1 amount', 'transitional stage b cell', 'liver hyperemia incidence/prevalence measurement', 'skeletal muscle morphological measurement', 'hair retention trait', 'logarithm of the', 'skin k+ level', 'trochlear nerve morphology trait', 'circulating t-cell stimulating factor level', 'serum alcohol', 'labyrinthus cochlearis morphology', 'liver gsh level', 'muscle fatty acid trans-11-c18:1', 'testes morphology trait', 'cardiac septum', 'lingual tonsillar tissue morphology trait', 'body fat percentage, siri equation', 'blood retinol', 'lung dry weight', 'protein', 'interleukin physiology trait', 'tubal tonsil', 'arthritis onset/diagnosis measurement', 'ctl physiology trait', 'crypt of lieberkuhn morphology', 'homotypical cortex morphology trait', 'blood circulation', 'blood aldosterone level', 'calculated spermatozoa count', 'defecation measurement', 'afferent lymphatic vessel morphology trait', 'regional blood flow trait', 'central nervous system glia morphology trait', 'splenic', 'temporal muscle', 'milk fatty acid cis-11-c18', 'calculated urine protein level', 'heart weight to body weight ratio', 'secondary bone resorption', 'circulating il-23a', 'cd4-negative, cd8-negative, alpha-beta intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology', 'serum total igm', 'heart tube looping morphogenesis trait', 'mitral e/a wave ratio', 'log(lesioned side motor neuron count/non-lesioned side count)', 'hair cell mechanoelectric transduction', 'malar arch morphology', 'parasympathetic ganglia', 'fat body morphology', 'axial mesoderm development', 'body fat volume', 'gamma-delta t cell', 'calculated vascular smooth muscle cell count', 'epidermis stratum spinosum cell quantity', 'tarsometatarsus diameter', 'shoulder weight', 'lh secretion trait', 'left testis wet', 'heart effluent ldh activity level', 'brain epinephrine', 'ethanol drink intake rate to body weight ratio', 'muscle rna composition measurement', 'retinal layer morphology trait', 'vestibular hair cell stereocilia morphology', 'plasma creatinine measurement', 'cytotoxic t lymphocyte physiology', 'infection onset/diagnosis', 'motor neuron innervation pattern', 'long bone diaphysis morphology', 'meat stiffening', 'cd4+ t cell differentiation', 'saccharin drink intake rate to body weight ratio', 'frontal process of maxilla morphology', 'granulated metrial gland cell number', 'ang2 log half maximal effective', 'blood gamma-gt', 'mammary areola/papilla number', 'brain electrophysiology', 'secondary muscle spindle morphology', 'adrenal gland morphology trait', 'iron homeostasis', 'plasmacytoid t cell number', 'cornea/lens', 'pericardial fat pad', 'saccharin drink intake volume', 'male reproductive organ morphological measurement', 'both testes wet weight', 'splenocyte morphology', 'subcutaneous fat', 'plasma free glycerol', 'amina limitans posterior corneae', 'fornicate gyrus', 'placental transport trait', 'plasma thyroxine', 'artery', 'b-1b b-cell', 'blood cd3(+) cell count', 'percent area of renal protein casting', 'lens development trait', 'midbrain development', 'preload recruitable left ventricle stroke work', 'cardiac size', 'osteophage cell', 'hdl cholesterol', 'spinal cord', 'extraocular muscle morphology', 'ahp', 'milk omega-3 fatty acid measurement', 'medullary cavity development trait', 'mesangial injury score', 'coccygeal vertebra morphology trait', 'milk dairy sweet flavor intensity', 'onset of endochondral osteogenesis', 'heart right ventricle deoxyribonucleic acid', 'single adrenal gland wet', 'stimulated rsna', 'tooth development trait', 'adipocyte basal radioactive glucose uptake', 'great vessel orientation', 'ham muscle percentage', 'galt morphology', 'calculated liver tumorous lesion area measurement', 'type iii spiral ligament fibrocyte', 'forestomach volume', 'abnormal sperm count', 'breast trait (poultry)', 'natural killer t-cell', 'skeletal myogenesis initiation trait', 'parathyroid gland size trait', 'mammary gland progenitor cell', 'total saccharin and water intake volume', 'serum ldl level', 'jejunum length', 'secretion by adrenal gland', 'schwann cell', 'neocortex morphology', 'lumbar vertebra size trait', 'aortic size trait', 'germinal center b cell quantity', 'spinal cord molecular composition measurement', 'blood t(s/c) cell', 'mucous gland morphology trait', 'lamina vitrea', 'hepatic tumorous lesion number', 'serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein level', 'experimental allergic neuritis severity score', 'plasma epinephrine level', 'blood adrenocorticotropic hormone level (acth)', 'body movement coordination trait', 'absolute change in partial pressure of blood carbon dioxide', 'cochlear nerve compound action potential', 'peak aortic blood flow velocity', 'eggshell thickness, fowl', 'superior vagus ganglion morphology trait', 'circulating p-cell stimulating factor', 'latency of induced type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'midbrain/pons norepinephrine', 'naive b cell', 'embryonic hematopoiesis', 'heart left ventricle dry', 'humerus bone mineral density', 'blood apolipoprotein ai to apolipoprotein b ratio', 'mechanoreceptor', 'circulating free fatty acids content', 'plasma anti-rat type 2 collagen autoantibody titer', 'heart intraventricular septum end-systolic', 'liver molecular composition trait', 'third ventricle size trait', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,trans-12-c18', 'normoblast morphology trait', 'tunica propria corii morphology', 'classical complement cascade', 'myocardial morphology', 'spinal cord ox6 level', 'olfactory bulb development trait', 'plasma anti-dsdna antibody titer', 't helper 2 morphology trait', 'calculated kidney non-tumorous lesion measurement', 'bisphenol a in fructose drink intake rate', 'chest depth', 'prostate gland morphological', 'quinine drink intake volume', 'cecum morphology trait', 'sinus venosus sclerae morphology trait', 'circulating alkaline phosphatase', 'circulating leptin level', 'egg weight', 'longissimus thoracis weight', 'neuron', 'reproductive system', 'peak of aortic outflow velocity (pav)', 'milk secretion', 'serum lactate level', 'milk fatty acid cis-9,cis-11-c18:2 concentration', 'body temperature regulation trait', 'individual kidney wet weight as percentage of body', 'brain dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac) amount', 'cranial vault morphology trait', 'cochlear inner hair cell morphology', 'rumen papillae', 'teat', 'innate immunity', 'musculus papillaris morphology trait', 'heart effluent lactate dehydrogenase activity level', 'inferior olivary complex morphology trait', 'end-diastolic heart left ventricle posterior wall', 'intercapillary cell morphology trait', 'calculated pulmonary vascular resistance normalized to body', 'nk t-lymphocyte number', 'ethmoid sinus morphology trait', 'appendage development', 'pericardial fat pad mass', 't-helper 1 physiology trait', 'thymocyte stimulating factor secretion', 'total area occupied by pancreatic islets', 'l4 dorsal root ganglion morphology trait', 'musty/dusty flavor intensity in milk', 'rod neutrophil', 'percentage of study population displaying diabetes mellitus at a point in time', 'artery tunica media width to artery inner diameter ratio', 'mitogen-stimulated white blood cell radioactive nucleoside incorporation', 'spleen capsule morphology trait', 'cochlear neuroepithelium', 'spiral ligament fibrocyte', 'ovarian hyperstimulation/artificial insemination', 'tooth number', 'liver nucleic acid measurement', 'milk dry matter', 'somite development trait', 'well differentiated malignant colorectal neoplasm', 'absolute change in adipocyte non-esterified fatty acid secretion', 'helper t cell type 2 cell differentiation', 'gonadal fat pad mass', 'milk fat composition trait', 'mature gamma-delta t-cell number', 'milk lactose content', 'circulating multipotential colony-stimulating factor level', 'calculated pancreatic total protein', 'pharyngeal pouch morphology trait', 'osteogenesis', 'outer ear morphology', 'liver beta-sitosterol level', 'logarithm of the total number of h. influenzae cfu in effusion plus wash', 'olfactory neuron morphology', 'hypothalamus corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion', 'retinal rod cell', "peyer's patch follicle morphology trait", 'facial motor nucleus', 'serum creatine kinase activity', 'serum immunoglobulin g', 'muller cell', 'adenoid', 'waist', 'blood glutamic-pyruvate transaminase activity', 'milk structure', 'content', 'milk palmitoleic acid', 'liver remodeling tumorous lesion volume', 'monocyte morphology trait', 'conjunctival vascular morphology', 'serum lipid level', 'head and neck integrity', 'plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol level', 'osteoblast quantity', 'kidney ribonucleic acid amount', 'surface structure development trait', 'lymph node dry', 'axillary lymph node', 'blood morphology', 'blood dihydrotestosterone', 'b-1 b lymphocyte', 'polymorphonuclear leucocyte morphology trait', 'calculated heart left ventricle end-diastolic anterior wall thickness', 'total leukocyte count', 'atrioventricular canal morphology trait', 'meat fatty acid cis-9-c16', 'spleen weight as percentage of body weight', 'blood got activity level', 'circulating cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor', 'vestibular hair bundle inter-stereocilial link morphology trait', 'ilium morphology', 'trigeminal v mesencephalic nucleus morphology', 'milk hormone', 'well differentiated malignant colorectal tumor incidence', 'serum level of immunoglobulin g3', 'lamina basalis choroidae morphology', 'milk fatty acid cis-15-c18:1 percentage', 'ovary cell quantity', 'aqueous vein morphology', 'limbic lobe morphology', 'nkt cell physiology', 'calculated milk protein content', 'distal convoluted tubule morphology', 'quadriceps morphology', 'reticulorumen volume', 'urine noradrenaline amount', 'vestibular hair cell stereociliary bundle morphology trait', 'growth measurement', 'aortic elastic fiber morphology trait', 'blood apoliprotein b', 'blood vitamin a', 'onset of diabetes mellitus', 'ileum morphology trait', 'hemolymphoid system physiology', 'muscle fatty acid c17:0 concentration', 'motile sperm percent', 'serum dopamine', 'heart left ventricle nppa', 'joint integrity trait', 'myotome morphology', 'blood interleukin-7 amount', 'b lymphocyte development trait', 'ovary weight', 'serum insulin', 'serum chylomicron cholesterol', 'regional blood pressure', 'myristic acid percentage', 'igg', 'blood anti-parasite antibody measurement', 'bone phosphorus', 'calculated middle ear morphological', 'deep cell', 'plasma got activity', 'cartilage cell morphology', 'adipose vaccenic acid concentration', 'renal morphology', 'milk technological', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth measurement', 'circulating thymocyte stimulating factor', 'combined food plus drink energy intake level', 'habenula morphology trait', 'longissimus thoracis depth', 'spiral ganglion cell', 'pituitary gland hyperplasia incidence/prevalence measurement', 'interdigital webbing trait', 'milk lignoceric acid percentage', 'liver mineral measurement', 'serum idl-c', 'rod', 'immune cell', 'circulating ml-1 level', 'vestibular organ morphology', 'femur metaphysial anterior-posterior diameter', 'respiratory system', 'splenic germinal center size trait', 'preputial gland size trait', 'left ventricle', 'enteric neuron morphology', 'parasite length', 'cerebrospinal fluid mineral', 'mediofrontal suture morphology trait', 'total number of cfu in effusion plus wash', 'heart rv dna', 'kidney papilla morphology trait', 'plasma triglyceride', 'hippocampus pyramidal cell layer morphology trait', 'alpha-beta intraepithelial t cell morphology trait', 'drink calorie intake level', 'cd4+cd8+ t cell numbers', 'milk alpha-casein', 'parathyroid gland morphology trait', 'transverse process', 'ocular fundus morphology', 'heart left ventricle cell size', 'lung weight as percentage of body', 'plasma cortisol level', 'lymph node-specific lymphocyte tracer radioactivity level to kidney-specific lymphocyte tracer radioactivity level ratio', 'heart left ventricle integrity trait', 'myocardium compact layer', 'heart left ventricle nppa level', 'pro-b cell differentiation', 'reticulo-rumen capacity', 'trabecular bone morphology', 'pancreatic islet morphological', 'liver o-6-methylguanine-dna methyltransferase mrna level', 'liver total copper', 'onset of ear unfolding', 'thoracic aorta morphology', 'milk fatty acid c22:5(n-3)', 'circulating il-1 beta level', 'thoracic cavity morphology trait', 'calculated urine 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid level', 'serum igg2a', 'neostriatum', 'plasma glutathione level', 'luteal cell differentiation trait', 'food calorie intake measurement', 'spleen trabecular artery morphology', 'embryonic-extraembryonic boundary morphology trait', 'cd4-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t lymphocyte morphology', 'membrana vestibularis ductus cochlearis morphology', 'acetylcholine log half maximal effective concentration (log ec50)', 'vagus nerve', 'motoneuron', 'renal glomerulosclerosis measurement', 'circulating sodium', 'blood sodium', 'fat cell diameter', 'the weight of a single adrenal gland', 'blood th2 cell', 'meat tetracosanoic acid', 'respiratory system development trait', 'tail bud size', 'offspring', 'kidney medullary adrenomedullin level', 'visceral adipose weight', 'logarithm of the total number of haemophilus influenzae bacterial colony forming units recovered', 'malignant colorectal tumor count', 'atrioventricular canal completeness', 'organ effluent', 'serum inorganic phosphate', 'calculated heart rate measurement', 'calculated milk casein', 'liver beta-sitosterol amount', 'hair cuticle', 'milk vitamin b 12 content', 'neuron lysosome measurement', 'the weight of the body', 'blood lymphocyte count to total leukocyte count ratio', 'lumen diameter at maximum dilation expressed as percent of baseline', 't1 stage b cell number', 'colorectal tumor incidence/prevalence measurement', 'calculated spinal cord anterior column area measurement', 'uterus morphology', 'milk magnesium concentration', 'tumor necrosis factor-alpha physiology', 'longissimus dorsi mass', 'heart right ventricle mass', 'brain integrity', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells', 'bacterial infection severity measurement', 'heart right ventricle ventral wall thickness', 'blood reduced glutathione', 'nasal concha morphology', 'gastrointestinal system', 'muscle fatty acid c16:0 concentration', 'small intestine morphology trait', 'calculated inflammatory exudate cell count', 'areal bmd', 'muscle zinc', 'gastric tumor incidence', 'immature b cell morphology', 'beta cell area as percentage of total islet of langerhans', 'retinal rod cell morphology trait', 'circulating lcf factor', 'circulating pth level', 'a different space', 'thigh muscle percentage', 'dendritic cell number', 'spinal cord size trait', 'hippocampus fimbria morphology trait', 'milk pentadecanoic acid amount', 'vertebra cross-sectional', 'milk saturated fatty acid amount', 'snff', 'blood inorganic phosphate', 'metopic suture morphology trait', 'heart left atrium capacity', 'airway reactivity measurement', 'trigeminal v mesencephalic nucleus morphology trait', 'kidney ribonucleic acid composition', 'dn3 alpha-beta immature t lymphocyte', 'kidney sympathetic nerve activity', 'lacrimal gland cholinergic innervation pattern trait', 'brain total type i spike-wave activity duration', 'blood luteinizing hormone', 'total wall area', 'embryonic hematopoiesis trait', 'sagittal suture morphology trait', 'long bone metaphysis morphology', 'thigh muscle mass', 'olfactory bulb development', 'blood ldl level', 'sperm development', 'hypothalamus physiology', 'milk fatty acid trans-9-c18:1 concentration', 'blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier', 'calculated renal medulla protein composition', 'body fat percentage, lukaski equation', 'blood vessel dilation expressed', 'splenic b cell follicle', 'myeloid dendritic cell morphology', 'gamma-delta t lymphocyte differentiation', 'muscle indole amount', 'blood low density lipoprotein cholesterol amount', 'cervical opening size', 'germ cell migration', 'morphology trait of the basilar membrane of cochlear duct', 'dressed carcass muscle-to-bone', 'ovary cell number', 'serum level of crh', 'endocardium morphology', 'adrenal gland renin', 'intraepithelial t cell quantity', 'vagina', 'plasma glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity', 'liver protein/peptide', 'sperm size trait', 'both adrenal glands weight', 'milk butyrophilin amount', 'maximum contractile force per wet weight of vessel', 'b cell progenitor', 'scrotum cell quantity', 'eosinophil quantity', 'milk fatty acid c16:0 concentration', 'cn-vi morphology trait', 'naive b cell morphology trait', 'glomerular capsule size', 'autoantibody', 'iliac bone', 't-cell receptor positive thymic lymphocyte count', 'hydronephrosis severity', 'rib development trait', 'blood oxygen', 'musty/earthy flavor intensity in milk', 'eosinocyte physiology', 'medulla oblongata dopamine amount', 'mesenteric fat pad morphology', 'muscle fatty acid c16:0', 'zone of proliferating cartilage morphology trait', 'neural plate morphology', 'meat temperature', 'tooth strength', 'hypaxial muscle morphology trait', 'amniotic fluid', 'cerebral infarction volume', 'scapula cell number', 'hepatic cholesterol', "bowman's capsule morphology", 'milk muc1 content', 'exoccipital bone morphology trait', 'circulating interferon-gamma inducing factor', 'absolute change in packed cell volume', 'double-negative t cell count', 'blood acetaminofen level area under curve', 'ratio of change in body weight to final total body', 'reissner membrane morphology trait', 'calculated apoptotic body measurement', 'lumbar vertebra trabecular cross-sectional area', 'harderian gland', 'l4 dorsal root ganglion', 'urine 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid', 'myocardial trabeculae morphology', 'graafian follicle quantity', 'svz morphology', 'area', 'left ventricular morphology', 'calculated femur midshaft cross-sectional area', 'amount of time spent in freeze behavior', 'a reference value', 'percentage of study population developing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis during a period of time', 'coronal suture morphology', 'cochlea size trait', 'double positive t cell morphology', 'left-right axis somite development trait', 'circulating il-5', 'umbilical cord morphology trait', 'milk palmitoleic to palmitic acid ratio', 'milk fatty acid trans-9,trans-11-c18:2', 'serum igf1 level', 'cd8-positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial t-lymphocyte', 'posterior uvea morphology trait', 'lymph node secondary follicle morphology trait', 'myelination', 'svz morphology trait', 'milk fatty acid cis-15-c18:1', 'osteophage physiology trait', 'pulmonary venous morphology', 'single feeding food intake volume', 'uterine horn weight', 'helper t-cell type 1', 'il-1a secretion', 'circulating level of vasopressin', 'iddm incidence', 'gluconeogenesis trait', 'terminal lung bud size', 'tissue weight of the duodenum', 'shoulder size', 'total life span', 'semitendinosus muscle weight', 'dorsal root ganglion organization trait', 'forestomach morphology trait', 'neurilemmoma measurement', 'lens capsule morphology', 'blood bilirubin level', 'b1a cell', 'eosinophil count as percentage of total white blood cells', 'digit', 'milk btn concentration', 'milk churning time', 'ham size', 'cleaved embryo number following in vitro fertilization', 'anorectal malformation incidence', 'electromechanical transduction', 'pyramis of cerebellum morphology trait', 'strial melanocyte morphology', 'internal adipose weight', 'heart right atrium morphological', 'splenocyte morphology trait', 'brain type ii spike-wave discharge rate', 'meat hematin content', 'pluripotent precursor cell morphology trait', 'vertebra biomechanical measurement', 'fourth ventricle morphology', 'time spent running on treadmill', 'calculated aorta smooth muscle cell count', 'blood free fatty acids', 'calculated blood vessel dilation force reduction', 'cerebral cortex morphology', 'intramuscular adipose weight', 'cornu ammonis morphology', 'urinary bladder cell', 'eye electrophysiology', 'plasma chylomicron cholesterol', 'calculated acoustic startle response measurement', 'milk eicosapentaenoic acid content', 'heart right ventricle dry weight', 'calculated endo-systolic volume', 'cerebellum vermis lobule viii morphology trait', 'statolith morphology trait', 'yoke bone morphology trait', 'energy balance', 'frontal sinus morphology', 'neurotransmitter uptake', 'enterocolitis severity score', 'blood haemoglobin level', 'selenium amount', 'heart intraventricular end-diastolic wall', 'brain spike-and-wave discharge severity grade', 'mean corpuscular hemoglobin level', 'gmg cell number', 'ifn-gamma secretion', 'femoral polar moment of inertia', 'interventricular groove morphology trait', 'posterior cerebral artery inner diameter', 'pmn physiology', 'aorta wall morphological measurement', 'active-zone-anchored inner hair cell synaptic ribbon morphology', 'dressed carcass subdivision trait', 'dose of methacholine at which pulmonary conductance is half its pretreatment value (ed50)', 'atrioventricular bundle', 'milk fatty acid c22:6 n-3 percentage', 'memory t-cell morphology trait', 'fat body morphology trait'}

bi_unique = set()
bi_good_phrases = [[token for token in doc if "_" in token] for doc in bigram_token]
bi_good_phrases = [[token.replace("_", " ") for token in doc] for doc in bi_good_phrases]

for doc in bi_good_phrases:
    bi_unique.update(doc) 

print(f"Number of good phrases in the trait dictionary: {len(bi_unique)}")
print(bi_unique)

Number of good phrases in the trait dictionary: 2910
{'af bm', 'novel promising', 'substitution effect', 'white leghorn', 'c.1574a >', 'used select', 'foreshank weight', 'our finding', 'a. pleuropneumoniae', 'two-qtl model', 'promoter activity', '± 0.03', '20 cm', 'fat moisture', 'c.205g >', 'plasminogen activator', 'predictive ability', 'landrace backcross', 'bw70 bwg', 'c. *', 'epistatic pair', 'antibody level', 'bovine tuberculosis', 'stearic acid', 'qingyu pig', 'increase power', 'ankyrin 1', 'to date', 'r =', 'known function', 'curve parameter', 'lumbar bft', 'sexual precocity', 'minolta b', 'h2 =', 'small intestine', 'block defined', 'detection power', 'bacterial load', 'haplotype constructed', 'milk urea', 'economically relevant', 'farm animal', 'producer-recorded health', 'in summary', 'nominally associated', 'italian brown', 'behavioral phenotype', 'efficiency economically', 'holstein-friesian cow', 'bull b', 'lipid metabolism', 'lep g.1387c', 'chromosome 6', 'improve understanding', 'set comprised', 'main-effect qtl', 'calf mortality', 'shank skin', 'genetic merit', 'pa sire', 'fetlock oc', 'cd dd', 'native chicken', 'normal-horned male', 'nc 037332.1', 'largest effect', '51 cm', 'male female', 'domain containing', 'relationship among', 'via marker-assisted', 'prolificacy sow', 'body depth', 'to explore', 'parasitic nematode', 'spot14alpha gene', 'map quantitative', 'percentage normal', 'porcinesnp60k beadchip', 'further research', 'aa substitution', 'accuracy prediction', 'relatively large', 'allele frequency', 'higher marbling', 'telomeric end', 'future breeding', 'hanoverian warmblood', 'microphthalmia-associated transcription', 'shared q', 'gluteus medius', 'a whole-genome', 'f1 individual', 'protein kinase', 'selection strategy', 'chinese native', 'distribution width', 'cyp21 esr1', 'israeli holstein', 'susceptibility scrapie', 'tibia length', 'japanese wild', 'infectious disease', 'holstein dairy', 'mean corpuscular', "'s disease", 'porcine gpihbp1', 'erhualian pig', 'single- multi-trait', 'berkshire x', 'odc gene', 'etec f4ac', 'c.919g >', 'luciferase activity', 'white duroc×erhualian', 'used estimate', 'genome scan', 'mastitis susceptibility', 'percentage palmitic', '% additive', 'rib eye', 'transcription factor', 'main objective', 'danish red', 'regression method', 'explaining large', 'linkage group', 'l -', 'omega-3 pufa', 'line-cross half-sib', 'recurrent airway', 'the objective', 'parasite challenge', 'highly correlated', 'for example', 'udder morphology', 'second parity', 'become possible', 'growth hormone', 'suggesting polygenic', 'genotype dd', 'zinc finger', '300 day', 'belgian texel', 'salmonella infection', 'unbiased prediction', 'performed genome-wide', 'bayesian approach', 'acid profile', 'embryonic development', 'sliding window', 'recent year', 'skeletal investment', 'gga rs14554319', 'duroc ×', 'acute chronic', 'window explained', 'gpihbp1 mrna', 'mass spectrometry', 'uncoupling protein', 'by combining', 'element binding', 'estimate fertility', 'direct indirect', 'reciprocal cross', 'many case', 'randomly selected', 'nematode infection', 'first report', 'result supported', 'rfi1 rfi2', 'differentially expressed', 'compared previous', 'c.2002c >', 'ct scanning', 'variance accounted', 'insulin-like growth', 'reproductive physiology', 'performed 183', '40 %', 'response infection', 'strong positional', '12 week', 'c14 index', 'differential expression', 'result showed', 'wild-type ewe', 'to dissect', 'provides new', 'lepr allele', 'commercial hanwoo', 'rapid association', 'statistically significant', 'significance threshold', 'blue-shelled chicken', 'dairy cow', 'largest number', 'allergen-specific ige', 'model fitted', 'german holstein', 'c. [', 'plasma membrane', 'ibk susceptibility', 'alternative allele', 'glycolytic potential', 'wide range', '48 cm', 'first lactation', 'strongly associated', 'examine whether', 'dna pool', 'metabolism pathway', 'ebv lp', 'eye colour', 'kb downstream', 'day ai', 'immune capacity', 'nucleotide polymorphism', 'rh mapping', 'polymerase chain', 'commercial crossbred', 'improvement livestock', 'polymorphism occurring', 'area ratio', 'fatty acid-binding', 'needed confirm', 'conformation polymorphism', 'coefficient variation', 'chromosome 5', 'relative contribution', 'first service', 'rhode island', '> t', 'maternal infanticide', 'antibody titre', 'ph lm', 'bos taurus', 'whey protein', 'linear unbiased', 'ovine hsp90aa1', 'splice variant', 'birth weaning', 'imprinting effect', 'chinese merino', 'nutritional value', 'white duroc', 'snp g.14,862t', 'analysis performed', 'oleic acid', 'p-value =', 'total 44', 'using haley-knott', '× 10-5', 'h model', 'modified live', 'diagnostic parameter', '19 26', 'maternal behavior', 'ovis aries v3.1', 'earlobe color', '> a', ' tef-1 86.5', 'different criterion', 'perform genome-wide', 'c.622c >', 'weakness pig', 'important role', 'spawn weight', 'equine osteochondrosis', 'infectious pancreatic', 'day post', 'implementation selection', 'pathogenic disease', 'broodstock population', 'genetic mechanism', 'c.10718g >', 'negative effect', 'lead better', 'ab genotype', 'post infection', 'phenotypic standard', 'week life', 'bb710-pvrl2 c.392g', 'disease virus', 'quality grade', 'meat colour', 'egg count', 'fdr <', '0 21', 'missing homozygous', 'affected pp', 'fixed effect', 'triglyceride level', 'across time', 'dh compared', 'difficult measure', 'androstenone concentration', 'selective genotyping', 'five limb', 'genetic variability', 'equine oc', 'finnish landrace', 'subtraits retained', 'toward identification', 'snp43 g', 'growth factor', 'ldha copb1', 'allowed u', 'late lactation', 'junken type', '24 hour', '95 %', 'differential leucocyte', '; bta18', '168 cm', 'meat-type chicken', 'present work', 'coincided previously', 'leghorn chicken', 'bta 6', 'allelic effect', 'scrapie incubation', 'atp1a1 gene', 'water content', 'confirm previous', 'one thousand', 'udder health', 'might useful', 'reproduction performance', 'gga 1', 'single-step gblup', 'c.1111a allele', 'gushi chicken', 'comparative sequencing', 'feed intake', 'showed strongest', 'direct calving', 'upstream region', 'layer cross', 'next generation', 'ib x', 'this first', 'approach implemented', 'nuclear receptor', 'regulatory element', 'anxa10 -/-', 'productive life', 'suggestive significance', 'parameter estimate', 'using illumina', '× german', '35 day', 'tumor initiator', 'growth-related trait', 'evenly distributed', 'ra type', 'vrtn genotype', 'm1 line', 'injection nesfatin-1', 'top snp', 'among others', 'molecular mechanism', 'identify genomic', 'polish landrace', 'conclusion :', 'simmental crossbred', 'worm egg', 'aquaculture industry', 'muscle mass', 'resistant animal', 'to confirm', 'time point', 'twinning rate', '× 10-6', 'provide valuable', 'hock joint', 'control strategy', 'number stillborn', 'permutation test', 'viral load', 'yorkshire pig', 'crossbred lamb', 'igg blocking', '119 mb', 'negative correlation', 'high-density snp', 'h1 ×', 'bayes b', 'much higher', 'significantly lower', 'second shearing', 'using imputed', 'ingenuity pathway', 'result presented', 'concentration beta-lactoglobulin', 'study provides', 'analyzed include', 'estimation method', 'phenotypically extreme', 'selection pressure', 'se vaccine', 'equine autosome', 'linkage map', 'average distance', 'signal transducer', 'maternal calving', 'production trait', '4 month', 'dna pooling', 'endocrine fertility', 'divergent phenotype', 'jersey cattle', 'polymorphic site', 'italian holstein', 'atp-binding cassette', 'age class', 'monounsaturated fatty', '110 kg', 'difference among', 'porcine 60k', 'milk fever', 'selection program', 'cause amino', 'genetically diverse', 'efficient mixed', 'large proportion', 'call rate', 'welfare issue', 'sexual ornament', 'p <', 'using pcr-single-strand', 'test-day record', 'autosome x', '5 %', 'liver muscle', 'average backfat', '250 microsatellite', 'gga5 af', 'porcine cmya1', 'spongiform encephalopathy', 'spawning date', 'traced back', 'reached genome-wide', 'genomic segment', 'genomic blup', 'composition melting', 'backfat ebv', 'regression bayesian', 'single-marker regression', 'reduce incidence', 'animal model', 'regulatory mechanism', 'cc tc', 'valuable information', '305-day milk', 'pietrain sire', 'first egg', 'parent genotyped', 'snp50 beadchip', 'marker-trait association', 'acsl1 gene', 'equine snp50', 'plumage color', 'horn type', 'erythroid trait', 'to achieve', 'animal welfare', 'mostly located', 'dna sequencing', 'gestation length', 'dongxiang blue-shelled', 'order reduce', 'absent :', '2574 2576delgtc', 'broiler layer', 'to determine', 'soay sheep', 'channel catfish', 'faecal sample', 'microrna mir-1596', 'detect quantitative', 'prediction accuracy', 'an f', 'cause economic', 'androstenone skatole', 'female fertility', 'complete linkage', 'cell differentiation', 'recent advance', 'the purpose', 'livestock specie', 'swedish holstein', 'molecular marker', 'live animal', 'positional concordance', 'body height', 'human consumption', 'result indicated', 'chromosome 4', 'regulating expression', 'covering 19', 'additive dominance', 'palmitoleic acid', 'measured ct', 'q haplotype', 'spanning whole', 'direct maternal', 'force sensory', 'adrenal gland', 'chromosome 7', 'additive dominant', 'causative mutation', 'still segregating', 'white marking', 'serve useful', 'anatomical location', 'mechanism regulating', 'hip width', 'validation dataset', 'cold water', 'onset sexual', 'genetical genomics', 'merino sheep', 'fetlock joint', 'german fleckvieh', '-270t >', 'time t-1', 'cell proliferation', 'covering whole', 'used investigate', 'qtlmap software', 'transmission disequilibrium', 'there considerable', '`` tt', 'multiple testing', 'dna repository', 'putative quantitative', 'cie l', 'environmental factor', 'cell cycle', 'alberta hybrid', '99 %', 'milk fatty', 'blocking percentage', 'resistant susceptible', 'serum ige', 'half-sib model', 'south german', 'faecal culture', 'genetic diversity', 'protein yield', 'underlying genetics', 'p ≤', 'npc1 gene', 'first later', 'across 29', 'first time', 'variance component', 'confirmed previous', 'genotypic data', 'milk bhb', 'silv c.64a', 'granddaughter design', 'suffolk texel', 'line selected', 'sequencing technology', 'snp chip', 'risk factor', 'barki ewe', 'full sequence', 'imputed full', 'milk yield', 'might involved', 'leptin receptor', 'p.phe279tyr mutation', 'gemma software', 'red maasai', 'human mouse', 'igga ige', 'copy number', 'identifying causal', 'coat colour', 'target sequence', 'sire family', 'g.2836 a', 'fetlock ocd', 'laiwu pig', 'moderate-large effect', 'individual belonging', 'haplotype encompassing', 'unaffected animal', 'service per', 'population gushi', 'gwas meta-analysis', 'performed using', 'university wisconsin', 'fatty acid', 'family member', 'luciferase assay', 'count recorded', 'provides evidence', 'peak force', "johne 's", 'insight molecular', 'retained placenta', 'sequence share', 'significant comparison-wise', 'host genetics', 'human health', 'plasma coloration', 'major determinant', 'bft hw', 'would beneficial', '156 157del', 'identify causal', 'interaction network', 'dd higher', 'driploss %', 'heifer conceive', 'genome wide', 'highly pathogenic', 'outbred f2', 'whole-genome sequencing', 'il8 haplotype', 'early late', 'water holding', 'target site', 'uw resource', 'full-length coding', 'carcass merit', 'f (', 'six month', 'genbank accession', 'leaf fat', 'native chinese', 'understanding genetic', 'f2 animal', 'correspond previously', 'genotyping technology', 'genetically related', 'used analyse', 'monte carlo', 'cooked meat', 'error rate', 'cc genotype', 'year birth', 'color score', 'number spermatozoon', 'apob gene', 'derived intercross', 'phenotypic record', 'across entire', 'close proximity', 'aimed investigate', 'fragmentation index', 'located exon', 'statistical power', 'underlying biological', 'chi-square test', 'result demonstrate', 'jersey breed', 'a total', 'scan performed', 'capn1 rs81358667g', 'strong linkage', 'muscle fibre', 'proviral load', 'slc11a1 region', '139 f', 'chest circumference', 'buffalo cattle', 'statistical analysis', 'matrix-assisted laser', 'function related', "cow 's", 'quantitative trait', 'molecular breeding', 'f2 population', 'per cent', 'adult height', 'enrichment analysis', 'genotype-phenotype relationship', 'intron 4', 'social behavior', 'parent f', 'model applied', 'friesian cow', 'energy homeostasis', 'hcr1 tbrd', 'allelic substitution', 'insight complex', 'daughter design', ': our', 'expression nucb2', 'polyunsaturated fatty', 'poll dorset', '% 10.9', 'underlie variation', 'u holstein', 'one hundred', 'used describe', 'italian landrace', 'least one', 'domesticated white', '1.8 %', 'line-cross model', "illumina 's", 'italian large', 'bovine genome', 'exon 3', 'yellow meat-type', 'entire resource', 'cmya1 gene', 'snp64 g', 'tandem repeat', 'adipose tissue', 'sire representing', 'number teat', 'option gensel', 'test hypothesis', 'paternal maternal', 'illumina porcine', 'body length', 'multitrait group', 'genotype tt', 'next-generation sequencing', 'favourable allele', '50 k', 'cytokine signalling', 'carcass length', 'odds infection', 'showed significant', 'g.+6723a allele', '72472 g', 'recent availability', 'could potentially', 'three-generation full-sib', 'putative causative', 'dairy product', 'transcriptional activity', 'cooperative dairy', 'brahman ×', 'partial correlation', 'purebred population', 'undertaken using', 'back feather', 'rear leg', 'binding protein', 'poultry industry', 'represent first', 'horn length', 'consistent previous', 'dominance deviation', 'f2 experimental', 'intensive selection', 'yearling height', 'summer milk', 'two distinct', 'newly developed', 'bmts mqts', '80 cm', 'feed conversion', 'confidence interval', 'r2 =', 'breaking strength', 'porcine autosome', 'fecx n', 'biological pathway', 'nominal p', '> 0.2', 'proportion variance', 'jinghai yellow', 'considerable economic', 'susceptible animal', 'non-additive genetic', 'subclinical ketosis', 'pleiotropic closely', 'ham weight', 'architecture underlying', '777 k', 'low density', 'useful reference', 'age puberty', 'reproductive efficiency', 'considerable variation', 'inflammatory response', 'skatole indole', 'imf content', 'italian simmental', 'marker-assisted selection', 'mir-predicted milk', 'coat color', 'considered candidate', 'our aim', 'gene-specific single', 'meat tenderness', 'danish swedish', 'relatively small', 'c >', 'may lead', 'positional functional', 'difference observed', 'milk fa', 'low minor', 'there strong', 'epididymal weight', 'iberian ×', '1-mb window', 'selection scheme', 'number piglet', '-190g >', 'cebpa gene', 'humoral innate', 'rump length', 'shank diameter', 'intergenic region', 'fresh sperm', 'gene encodes', 'dl gga1', 'provided useful', 'mechanism underlie', 'immune function', 'homozygous mutant', 'finnish ayrshire', 'tick burden', 'body weight', 'population spanish', 'in general', 'piglet weaning', 'moderate high', 'previous study', 'feed efficient', 'end second', 'gg genotype', '% chromosome-wide', 'important indicator', 'bta 18', 'functional candidate', 'peroxisome proliferator-activated', 'study needed', 'exon 4', 'tight junction', 'casp3 rs319658214g', 'would allow', 'neuropeptide y', 'potential application', 'wk age', 'illumina bovine', 'knowledge genetic', 'g.-633 -632ins', 'sd polygenic', 'oxytocin signaling', 'economic success', 'chromosome-wise significant', 'bodyweight conformation', 'group at-hook', 'high heritabilities', 'semimembranosus muscle', 'pig passed', 'conception rate', 'following daughter', 'physical chemical', 'aa ab', 'mixed linear', 'hanoverian stallion', 'esc resistance', 'bonferroni-corrected genome-wide', 'skeletal muscle', '928g >', 'conducted determine', '70 cm', 'myod1 75.2', 'genomic profiler', 'repository population', 'backcross pedigree', '< 0.05', 'no overlapping', 'muscle area', 't lymphocyte', 'genetically phenotypically', 'occurrence clinical', 'failed identify', 'sow thus', 'number thoracic', 'fetal growth', 'pork quality', 'reproductive longevity', 'loin muscle', 'c.-533c >', 'snp3 t', 'role regulation', 'genome-wise basis', 'prrsv infection', 'chromosome-wide significance', 'gas chromatography', 'residual feed', 'cortisol response', 'scan conducted', 'made possible', 'involved maintaining', 'towards identification', 'moisture content', 'ssc 1', 'indicus cattle', 'expand knowledge', 'bone quality', '54 cm', 'montana tropical®', 'research centre', 'kinship matrix', 'chl milk', 'genetic progress', 'g.27534932a >', 'eaat2 drd1', 'previously detected', 'crossbred population', 'ld block', 'understanding molecular', 'covering 31', 'p =', 'late-feathering chick', 'diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase', 'ige level', 'marker covering', 'variable selection', '29 bovine', 'bayesian variable', 'best linear', 'bvs model', 'taurine breed', 'genomic prediction', 'body slanting', 'proportion phenotypic', 'previous research', 'indel mutation', 'strong candidate', 'genotype cc', 'common form', 'synonymous mutation', 'biological mechanism', 'variation abhd5', 'b *', 'objective present', 'these finding', 'substantial proportion', 'information investigation', 'aggressive behaviour', 'channel subfamily', 'purebred duroc', 'meat ph', '11.5 %', 'transforming growth', 'btb infection', 'dna extracted', 'high low', 'quantitative pcr', 'least square', 'post-mortem examination', 'steer bull', 'subunit g', 'melanocortin-4 receptor', 'oar9 91721507.1', 'cebpd gene', 'could decrease', 'i ra', 'genome-wise significance', 'analysed separately', 'involved development', 'marker assisted', 'bovinesnp50 beadchip', 'primarily affect', 'commercial broiler', 'conduct genome-wide', 'measured live', 'leg conformation', 'might important', 'data set', 'metabolic disorder', 'environmental condition', 'need validated', 'difficult expensive', 'point mutation', 'obvious candidate', 'heat tolerance', 'involved inflammatory', 'breeding program', 'f8 f10', 'located throughout', 'five hundred', 'role regulating', 'noninfectious claw', '134 bp', 'hypersensitive reaction', 'the aim', 'analyze data', 'live weight', 'avian influenza', 'average daily', 'pig meishan/pietrain', 'muscle depth', 'bwg fi', 'determine whether', 'fetal response', 'might play', '56 kg', 'artificial selection', 'gompertz growth', 'causative agent', 'number born', 'increasing number', 'x jersey', 'we conducted', 'human nutrition', 'abdominal fat', 'calpain 1', 'breast feather', 'stallion fertility', 'provide basis', 'ovinesnp50 beadchip', 'nelore cattle', 'c.-106 -91delgccaggggtgtgagcc', 'montbéliarde cow', 'hock oc', 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'low moderate', 'udder conformation', '72 cm', 'lysozyme concentration', 'model assuming', 'especially swine', 'already reported', 'puerperal psychosis', 'tlr9 tt', 'mixed model', 'cause lameness', 'provided evidence', 't. suis', 'q arm', 'respiratory disease', 'illumina porcinesnp60', 'glm procedure', 'shrinkage estimation', 'infection status', 'to elucidate', 'new zealand', 'cell volume', 'feed efficiency', 'training set', 'polygenic inheritance', 'breeding programme', 'ornithine decarboxylase', 'control ovlv', 'survival rate', 'triglyceride concentration', 'cloned sequenced', 'complement activity', '30 %', 'relationship matrix', 'g.3691g >', 'harness racing', 'western commercial', 'key enzyme', 'ripk2 −/−', 'cdna sequence', 'causative variant', 'piglet per', 'seminiferous tubular', 'deregressed estimated', 'chinese sutai', 'weighted single-step', 'local breed', 'contribute better', '49 70', 'g-protein-coupled receptor', 'lifetime reproductive', 'case control', 'oocyst shedding', 'least extent', 'onset puberty', 'navicular bone', '× erhualian', '6 week', 'advanced intercross', 'gwa analysis', 'production system', 'breast muscle', 'economic environmental', 'le susceptible', 'parent grandparent', 'birth weight', 'half-sib family', 'major histocompatibility', 'chinese erhualian', 'g.18377t >', 'amount phenotypic', 'nc 007316', 'carcass weight', 'chemical body', 'leg muscle', 'linkage phase', 'non-catalytic subunit', 'single-trait meta', 'g.874g >', 'widespread use', 'fn424076 :', 'single-locus multi-locus', 'variance explained', 'mineral density', 'play role', 'mode expression', '0.5 %', 'texel sheep', 'etec f41', 'joint analysis', '1 %', 'reference population', 'progeny produced', 'many specie', 'pufa content', 'wagyu x', "3 '", 'threshold derived', 'investigate genetic', 'large-effect pleiotropic', 'month age', '41 day', 'divergent line', 'linear model', 'support previous', 'could useful', 'white plymouth', 'use marker-assisted', 'http :', 'no significant', 'radiation hybrid', 'narrowed interval', 'data analyzed', 'marker bracket', 'poultry flock', 'may beneficial', 'identification causal', 'biological function', 'mechanism action', 'health disease', 'proc mixed', 'highly expressed', 'previous finding', 'step towards', 'regression approach', 'we propose', 'hanwoo beef', 'bcwd resistance', 'ultimate ph', 'result demonstrated', 'testicular weight', 'provide insight', '× landrace', 'cheese production', 'osteochondral lesion', 'post-weaning gain', 'reaction-restriction fragment', 'to better', 'region attained', 'method :', 'bull artificial', 'lp lta', 'european commercial', 'abnormal sperm', 'first step', 'explore genetic', '= 0.001', 'genomic relationship', 'regression interval', 'parasite resistance', 'combining information', 'nc 006091.3', "'s porcinesnp60", 'x y', 'play essential', 'exon-8 nr6a1', 'direct gestation', 'great economic', 'half-sibling family', 'involved regulation', 'calving ease', 'objective research', 'lactating cow', 'affecting leg', 'g.17507a >', '58 cm', 'varied among', 'affymetrix axiom', '25 26', 'racing performance', '55 cm', 'pork ph', 'f1 male', 'found statistically', 'corpus lutea', 'boar taint', 'broiler x', 'charolais x', 'likelihood ratio', 'imputed sequence', 'starting point', 'to knowledge', 'sus scrofa', '1.0 %', 'meat cooking', '238 f', '< 0.01', 'stillbirth calving', 'l1 insertion', 'metabolic pathway', 'genomewide significance', 'mongolia sheep', 'causal mutation', 'mapping resolution', 'f₂ population', 'bpi exon', 'previously published', 'affected calf', 'there also', 'genomic region', 'affected my', 'growth differentiation', 'ovine chromosome', 'difference prolificacy', 'understand genetic', 'incubation period', 'broiler line', 'full-sib family', 'melting point', 'x merino', 'herd life', 'may play', 'relevantly associated', 'native british', 'inbred line', 'interspecific hybrid', '< 0.001', 'to address', 'behavioural index', 'faecal egg', 'peak position', 'gensel software', 'silico analysis', 'first insemination', 'nematode resistance', 'nc 040256', 'narrow confidence', 'threshold determined', 'moderate heritability', '636a >', 'post immunisation', 'later parity', 'progeny tested', 'condition infection', 'genotype-phenotype association', 'scottish blackface', 'canadian angus', 'using high-density', '60 k', 'hanwoo cattle', 'cooking loss', 'these result', 'major source', 'provide useful', 'genome-wide rapid', 'packed cell', 'immune pathway', 'resistance cd', 'sequence variant', 'cast 101781475', '183 microsatellites', 'mrna level', 'contribute identification', 'a-fabp h-fabp', 'artiodactyl myadm-like', 'information content', 'strand conformation', 'key ancestor', 'genetic correlation', 'imprinting status', 'chromosomal region', '50 generation', 'duroc pietrain', 'random polygenic', 'lean meat', 'dlk1 meg3', 'component pregnancy', 'pietrain f2', 'pork tenderness', 'carboxylase alpha', 'eye area', 'principal component', 'potential causal', 'marker spanning', 'female reproductive', 'productivity farm', '2.4 %', 'ph value', 'first oviposition', 'chromosome wise', 'n =', 'us m', 'marker density', 'age first', 'ovarian follicle', 'novel insight', 'using 125', 'closely linked', 'body dimension', 'in total', 'top 10', 'metabolism mammal', 'lm semimembranosus', 'used perform', 'multiple chromosomal', 'connective tissue', 'epithelial cell', 'indigenous chinese', 'obesity human', 'may influence', 'bw bone', 'dry matter', 'illinois population', 'inflammatory disease', 'result confirm', 'bird genotyped', 'we report', 'initiator locus', 'interesting candidate', 'sire dam', 'future marker-assisted', 'genotypic frequency', 'mechanism underlying', 'meishan ×', 'radiographic data', 'protein synthesis', 'potentially involved', 'reducing incidence', '± 0.02', 'support hypothesis', 'fine map', 'cortisol level', 'lipid biosynthesis', 'epl score', 'strong evidence', 'subpopulation peripheral', 'interval mapping', 'mhc allele', 'number vertebra', '9-base continuous', 'f2 hen', '97 %', 'distributed across', 'developmental process', 'fa composition', 'wb shear', 'deregressed proof', 'mutation underlying', '84 cm', 'biological process', 'density lipoprotein', 'genotyping platform', 'limited power', 'may help', 'large number', 'withers height', 'prp genotype', 'developmental stage', 'bone fracture', 'aim study', 'ph decline', 'current study', 'in order', 'bioinformatics analysis', 'affecting economically', 'facilitate search', 'university broiler', 'covering 21', 'age 300', 'facial wrinkle', 'lm area', 'gnas domain', 'charolais ×', 'solute carrier', 'linear regression', 'last decade', 'nellore cattle', 'maximum significance', 'transcription start', 'adhesion phenotype', 'marker-trait combination', 'yield deviation', 'the northeast', 'missense mutation', 'weaning weight', '57 k', 'cm gga1', 'sequence similarity', 'first parity', 'histocompatibility complex', 'b c', 'arm porcine', 'map4k4 gene', 'poorly understood', 'population consisted', 'leg weakness', 'mendelian model', 'hot carcass', 'dominance variance', 'g.5678784a >', 'grandsire family', 'number corpus', 'snp/duplication locus', 'clinical sign', 'parent-of-origin effect', 'association study', 'selectively genotyped', 'c.10936g >', 'measured loin', 'improvement reproductive', 'type iia', 'pp fp', 'finding advance', 'useful information', 'a c.919g', 'rna-seq data', 'w x', 'on chromosome', '> c', 'performed separately', 'adult stature', 'height human', 'perinatal mortality', 'pig slaughtered', 'fiber number', 'markov chain', 'phenotypic variation', 'residual variance', 'acid content', 'allowed identification', 'body composition', 'activator transcription', 'eps8 gpat4', 'oar9 91647990', 'used calculate', 'shank head', 'genome assembly', 'milk sample', 'within sex', 'meat spot', 'similar position', 'bead chip', 'after quality', 'highly polymorphic', 'trait locus', 'random regression', 'energy balance', 'conformation score', 'eca3:79,533,282 79,533,285delttct', 'high-density single', 'restricted maximum', 'porcine gsk-3α', '= 0.021', 'decr1 me1', 'landrace intercross', 'based single-marker', 'mir206 mir133b', 'red junglefowl', 'protein-coding gene', 'we applied', 'polymorphic microsatellites', 'cheese yield', 'xm 001788152', 'first last', 'daily bw', 'help elucidate', 'limousin breed', 'logarithm odds', 'supernumerary teat', 'classical swine', 'one missense', 'posterior probability', 'response stress', 'bone cartilage', 'good candidate', 'week age', 'included random', '% genome-wise', 'mrna abundance', 'fertility treatment', 'bcse locus', 'chicken h3h3', 'lalba g.242t', 'adr- inra-design', 'we identified', '% vf2', 'commercial herd', 'swine industry', 'lowly heritable', 'suggested potential', 'gga rs13593979', 'indicate possible'}

matching_phrases = bi_unique & trait_phrases

# Count total matches
match_count = len(matching_phrases)


print(f"Total Exact Matches: {match_count}")
print(f"This represents {round(match_count/len(trait_phrases),4)*100}% out of all phrases in the dictionary.")
print("Matching Phrases:", matching_phrases)

Total Exact Matches: 118
This represents 0.52% out of all phrases in the dictionary.
Matching Phrases: {'semen volume', 'milk protein', 'number stillborn', 'body length', 'blood cell', 'glycolytic potential', 'ear size', 'hemoglobin concentration', 'bone density', 'lumbar vertebra', 'functional teat', 'carcass length', 'linoleic acid', 'thoracic vertebra', 'wound healing', 'ovulation rate', 'litter size', 'milk yield', 'comb mass', 'stearic acid', 'immune system', 'backfat thickness', 'mammary gland', 'small intestine', 'horn length', 'longissimus dorsi', 'immune response', 'body size', 'milk urea', 'ige level', 'feather pecking', 'sperm motility', 'chest girth', 'serum leptin', 'fatty acid', 'feed conversion', 'fat thickness', 'lipid metabolism', 'nervous system', 'oleic acid', 'meat ph', 'ham weight', 'heart weight', 'feeding behavior', 'maternal behavior', 'male fertility', 'longissimus muscle', 'eye muscle', 'shank length', 'gizzard weight', 'heart girth', 'pregnancy rate', 'chest width', 'loin eye', 'meat tenderness', 'leaf fat', 'gestation length', 'ribeye area', 'teat number', 'lactose yield', 'breast muscle', 'tibia length', 'shank diameter', 'triglyceride level', 'carcass weight', 'leg muscle', 'bone strength', 'female fertility', 'udder depth', 'postnatal growth', 'muscle fiber', 'abdominal fat', 'rib eye', 'body height', 'body weight', 'subcutaneous fat', 'dressing percentage', 'udder morphology', 'palmitoleic acid', 'back fat', 'chest depth', 'serum lipid', 'fat depth', 'energy balance', 'adrenal gland', 'chest circumference', 'nipple number', 'embryonic development', 'meat color', 'antibody response', 'hip width', 'plasma cortisol', 'egg weight', 'cortical bone', 't cell', 'social behavior', 'uterine horn', 'skin thickness', 'ovarian follicle', 'semimembranosus muscle', 'conception rate', 'energy metabolism', 'skeletal muscle', 'connective tissue', 'body conformation', 'non-return rate', 'muscle area', 't lymphocyte', 'serum ige', 'scrotal circumference', 'abnormal sperm', 'bone mineral', 'fetal growth', 'egg production', 'adipose tissue', 'longissimus thoracis', 'intramuscular fat', 'loin muscle'}

file_name = "QTL_text.json"
final_path = os.path.join(file_path, file_name) 
df = pd.read_json(final_path)
df_processed = df[['Abstract', 'Category']]
df_processed = df_processed[df_processed['Category'] == 1]
df_processed['abstract_nltk'] = df_processed['Abstract'].apply(lambda token: [lemmatizer.lemmatize(token.lower()) for token in word_tokenize(token) if token not in stop_words])
abstract_tokenized = df_processed['abstract_nltk']
bigram = Phraser(Phrases(abstract_tokenized, min_count=2, threshold=15))
trigram = Phraser(Phrases(bigram[abstract_tokenized], min_count=2, threshold=15))
bigram_token = [bigram[doc] for doc in abstract_tokenized]
trigram_token = [trigram[bigram[doc]] for doc in abstract_tokenized]
bigram_text = [" ".join(token) for token in bigram_token]
trigram_text = [" ".join(token) for token in trigram_token]


bi_unique = set()
bi_good_phrases = [[token for token in doc if "_" in token] for doc in trigram_token]
bi_good_phrases = [[token.replace("_", " ") for token in doc] for doc in bi_good_phrases]

for doc in bi_good_phrases:
    bi_unique.update(doc) 

print(f"Number of good phrases in the trait dictionary: {len(bi_unique)}")
print(bi_unique)

Number of good phrases in the trait dictionary: 3964
{'af bm', 'novel promising', 'shear force ,', 'substitution effect', 'white leghorn', 'longissimus dorsi muscle', 'three month', 'used select', 'interesting result', 'foreshank weight', 'our finding', 'illumina porcinesnp60 beadchip', 'a. pleuropneumoniae', 'two-qtl model', 'g ]', 'promoter activity', '± 0.03', '20 cm', 'fat moisture', 'c.205g >', 'plasminogen activator', 'predictive ability', 'landrace backcross', 'bw70 bwg', 'c. *', 'epistatic pair', 'antibody level', 'bovine tuberculosis', 'stearic acid', 'qingyu pig', 'increase power', 'ankyrin 1', 'to date', '22 cm', 'r =', 'known function', 'curve parameter', 'lumbar bft', 'putative qtl', 'sexual precocity', 'minolta b', 'h2 =', 'small intestine', 'block defined', 'detection power', 'mean corpuscular volume', 'bacterial load', 'sire genotyped', 'haplotype constructed', 'lean meat yield', 'milk urea', 'economically relevant', 'farm animal', 'feed consumption feeding behavior', 'producer-recorded health', 'in summary', 'nominally associated', 'italian brown', 'β-lg b *', '10 12 week', '% total', 'behavioral phenotype', 'efficiency economically', 'holstein-friesian cow', 'bull b', 'lipid metabolism', 'japanese wild boar', 'chromosome 6', 'result suggested', 'improve understanding', 'breast muscle weight', 'set comprised', 'main-effect qtl', 'calf mortality', 'shank skin', 'genetic merit', 'pa sire', 'fetlock oc', 'cd dd', 'native chicken', 'normal-horned male', 'nc 037332.1', 'largest effect', '51 cm', '0.01 )', 'male female', 'relationship among', 'via marker-assisted', 'domain containing', 'body depth', 'prolificacy sow', 'two haplotype block', 'analysis highlighted', 'these result suggest', 'to explore', 'parasitic nematode', 'spot14alpha gene', 'porcinesnp60k beadchip', 'further research', 'polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment', 'aa substitution', 'accuracy prediction', 'relatively large', 'allele frequency', 'higher marbling', 'telomeric end', 'future breeding', 'hanoverian warmblood', 'microphthalmia-associated transcription', 'shared q', 'sheep autosome', 'chromosome-wise significance level', 'a whole-genome', 'gluteus medius', 'f1 individual', 'protein kinase', 'selection strategy', 'chinese native', 'distribution width', 'cyp21 esr1', 'israeli holstein', 'susceptibility scrapie', 'tibia length', 'infectious disease', "cow 's ability", 'holstein dairy', 'mean corpuscular', "'s disease", 'porcine gpihbp1', 'erhualian pig', 'single- multi-trait', 'genomic region explained', 'berkshire x', 'odc gene', 'etec f4ac', 'c.919g >', 'luciferase activity', 'white duroc×erhualian', 'used estimate', 'performed genome scan', 'genome scan', 'mastitis susceptibility', 'percentage palmitic', '% additive', 'transcription factor', 'main objective', 'danish red', 'regression method', 'explaining large', 'linkage group', 'affecting leg weakness', 'p < 0.01', 'chinese holstein bull', 'line-cross half-sib', 'increase marker density', 'the objective', 'highly correlated', '0.05 )', 'end second parasite challenge', 'udder morphology', 'for example', 'become possible', 'growth hormone', 'second parity', 'suggesting polygenic', 'genotype dd', 'zinc finger', 'belgian texel', '300 day', 'salmonella infection', 'unbiased prediction', 'performed genome-wide', 'bayesian approach', 'candidate gene related', 'measure meat quality', 'residual feed intake', 'porcine snp60 beadchip', 'suggestive significance threshold', 'embryonic development', '× sex interaction', 'exon 1', 'sliding window', 'recent year', 'skeletal investment', 'gga rs14554319', 'duroc ×', 'acute chronic', 'window explained', 'gpihbp1 mrna', 'mass spectrometry', 'uncoupling protein', 'background : improving', 'causal factor', 'by combining', 'element binding', 'estimate fertility', 'direct indirect', 'reciprocal cross', 'many case', 'randomly selected', 'nematode infection', 'first report', 'result supported', 'rfi1 rfi2', 'candidate gene associated', 'differentially expressed', 'compared previous', 'fresh sperm motility', 'c.2002c >', 'ct scanning', 'daughter yield deviation', 'insulin-like growth', 'reproductive physiology', 'gene-specific single nucleotide polymorphism', '40 %', 'performed 183', 'bodyweight conformation score', 'strong positional', '31 cm', 'variance accounted', 'response infection', '12 week', 'c14 index', 'p = 0.012', 'differential expression', 'result showed', 'production meat quality', 'wild-type ewe', 'italian large white', 'selection improved', 'a > g', 'high quality', 'to dissect', 'provides new', 'lepr allele', 'on chromosome 3', 'commercial hanwoo', 'rapid association', '183 microsatellites covering 19', 'statistically significant', 'significance threshold', 'blue-shelled chicken', 'causative gene', 'dairy cow', 't lymphocyte subpopulation peripheral', 'largest number', 'allergen-specific ige', 'model fitted', 'german holstein', 'c. [', 'fatty acid .', 'plasma membrane', 'ibk susceptibility', 'alternative allele', 'glycolytic potential', 'using least square', 'wide range', 't > c', '48 cm', 'first lactation', 'strongly associated', 'examine whether', 'dna pool', 'metabolism pathway', 'ebv lp', 'genomic information', 'eye colour', 'kb downstream', 'high-density snp chip', 'day ai', 'immune capacity', '( illumina inc.', 'rh mapping', 'commercial crossbred', 'polymerase chain', 'improvement livestock', 'additive genetic variance', 'polymorphism occurring', 'needed confirm', 'conformation polymorphism', 'coefficient variation', 'chromosome 5', 'relative contribution', 'first service', 'rhode island', '> t', 'testis weight', 'maternal infanticide', 'antibody titre', 'ph lm', 'bos taurus', 'whey protein', 'whole population', 'ovine hsp90aa1', 'splice variant', 'birth weaning', 'imprinting effect', 'growth development', 'lipid content', 'associated leg weakness', 'scottish blackface lamb', 'nutritional value', 'white duroc', 'snp g.14,862t', 'analysis performed', 'oleic acid', 'p-value =', 'total 44', 'using haley-knott', '× 10-5', 'feed intake efficiency', 'h model', 'modified live', 'diagnostic parameter', '19 26', 'dairy sheep', 'maternal behavior', 'several single nucleotide', 'ovis aries v3.1', '> a', 'earlobe color', ' tef-1 86.5', 'different criterion', 'w x y pig', 'perform genome-wide', 'kinase 2', 'candidate gene involved', 'weakness pig', 'feed efficiency trait', 'important role', 'c.622c >', 'spawn weight', 'pathway rfi', 'equine osteochondrosis', 'newly developed microsatellites', 'day post', 'c allele', 'implementation selection', 'these result help', 'pathogenic disease', 'broodstock population', 'this finding', 'genetic mechanism', 'c.10718g >', 'negative effect', 'p < 0.1', 'significantly associated body weight', 'lead better', 'exceeded genome-wide significance threshold', "3 ' utr", 'the northeast agricultural university', 'ab genotype', 'body development', 'post infection', 'molecular level', 'this study investigated', 'week life', 'pleiotropic qtl', 'bb710-pvrl2 c.392g', 'disease virus', 'quality grade', 'meat colour', 'fdr <', 'egg count', '0 21', 'agreement result', 'affected pp', 'fixed effect', 'triglyceride level', 'across time', 'difficult measure', 'androstenone concentration', 'selective genotyping', 'large white meishan', 'genetic variability', 'equine oc', 'boar taint compound', 'finnish landrace', 'toward identification', 'heritability imf', 'snp43 g', 'growth factor', 'ldha copb1', 'allowed u', 'late lactation', 'junken type', '24 hour', 'polymerase chain reaction-single strand', '95 %', 'association single nucleotide', 'double backcross population', '; bta18', '168 cm', '. in conclusion', 'approach applied', 'meat-type chicken', 'p = 0.04', 'present work', 'blood component', 'coincided previously', 'leghorn chicken', 'increased age 110', 'bta 6', 'allelic effect', 'sus scrofa build', 'this study reveals', 'scrapie incubation', 'atp1a1 gene', 'water content', 'dongxiang blue-shelled chicken', 'confirm previous', 'one thousand', 'udder health', 'might useful', 'influenced number', 'genome-wise significance level', 'gga 1', 'reproduction performance', 'single-step gblup', 'c.1111a allele', 'maternal infanticide behavior', 'shank growth', 'gushi chicken', 'comparative sequencing', 'feed intake', 'showed strongest', 'direct calving', 'upstream region', 'gene network', 'layer cross', 'next generation', 'ib x', 'change amino acid', 'this first', 'fat colour', 'approach implemented', 'nuclear receptor', 'regulatory element', 'anxa10 -/-', 'productive life', 'parameter estimate', 'suggestive significance', 'using illumina', '× german', '35 day', 'tumor initiator', 'growth-related trait', 'evenly distributed', 'ra type', 'per family', 'm1 line', 'vrtn genotype', 'injection nesfatin-1', 'among others', 'molecular mechanism', 'top snp', 'identify genomic', 'saturated fatty acid', 'polish landrace', 'conclusion :', 'iberian x landrace intercross', 'worm egg', 'aquaculture industry', 'muscle mass', 'resistant animal', 'first scan', 'to confirm', 'regional heritability mapping', 'time point', 'conclusion : the', 'twinning rate', '× 10-6', 'provide valuable', 'hock joint', 'control strategy', 'number egg', 'liver weight', 'analysis confirms', 'number stillborn', 'number functional teat', 'permutation test', 'viral load', 'yorkshire pig', 'crossbred lamb', '119 mb', 'negative correlation', 'high-density snp', 'bayes b', 'much higher', 'significantly lower', 'second shearing', 'using imputed', 'ingenuity pathway', 'f :', 'percentage carcass', 'result presented', 'concentration beta-lactoglobulin', 'study provides', 'analyzed include', 'estimation method', 'immune regulation', 'phenotypically extreme', 'selection pressure', 'se vaccine', 'equine autosome', 'linkage map', 'average distance', 'maternal calving', 'genomic best linear unbiased', 'artificial insemination (', 'abomasal lymph node', 'production trait', '4 month', 'dna pooling', 'ph blood gas', 'divergent phenotype', 'strong association', 'jersey cattle', 'polymorphic site', 'italian holstein', 'atp-binding cassette', 'age class', 'monounsaturated fatty', 'associated multiple chromosomal', 'previously demonstrated', '110 kg', 'used ass', 'difference among', 'microsatellite marker used', 'growth feed intake', 'porcine 60k', 'genome-wide scan performed', 'milk fever', 'selection program', 'cause amino', 'milk fat', 'genetically diverse', 'new method', 'large proportion', 'call rate', 'welfare issue', 'sexual ornament', 'caused mycobacterium avium', 'p <', 'using pcr-single-strand', 'daily bw gain', 'autosome x', 'test-day record', '5 %', 'porcine chromosome', 'liver muscle', 'result confirmed', 'average backfat', 'gga5 af', 'loin yield', 'porcine cmya1', 'spongiform encephalopathy', 'spawning date', 'traced back', 'reached genome-wide', 'single step', 'genomic segment', 'genomic blup', 'backfat ebv', 'regression bayesian', 'single-marker regression', 'reduce incidence', 'animal model', 'haplotype linkage disequilibrium', 'regulatory mechanism', 'cc tc', 'valuable information', '305-day milk', 'pietrain sire', 'first egg', 'parent genotyped', 'snp50 beadchip', 'loin muscle area', 'marker-trait association', 'we detected', 'quantitative phenotype', 'brsv specific antibody', 'acsl1 gene', 'equine snp50', 'plumage color', 'hypothalamus adrenal gland', 'horn type', 'erythroid trait', 'to achieve', "'s porcinesnp60 beadchip", 'animal welfare', 'mostly located', 'dna sequencing', 'gestation length', 'imputed sequence data', 'may therefore', 'dongxiang blue-shelled', 'order reduce', 'absent :', 'x erhualian intercross', '2574 2576delgtc', 'minolta l *', 'broiler layer', 'to determine', 'genome scan conducted', 'soay sheep', 'channel catfish', 'affect tenderness', 'faecal sample', 'affecting meat quality', 'microrna mir-1596', 'prediction accuracy', 'mixed animal model', 'an f', 'cell differentiation', 'androstenone skatole', 'female fertility', 'average daily gain birth', 'linear regression model', 'recent advance', 'the purpose', 'livestock specie', 'single-marker association', 'faecal worm egg count', 'swedish holstein', 'molecular marker', 'live animal', 'significantly associated rfi', 'positional concordance', 'body height', 'human consumption', 'result indicated', 'chromosome 4', 'regulating expression', 'clinical subclinical ketosis', 'additive dominance', 'palmitoleic acid', 'measured ct', 'beef cattle breeding program', 'q haplotype', '5 % genome-wide', 'direct maternal', 'spanning whole', 'due high', 'force sensory', 'adrenal gland', 'milk fatty acid profile', 'chromosome 7', 'estimate genetic parameter', ', feed conversion', 'additive dominant', '. least square', 'causative mutation', 'still segregating', 'may explain', 'red chicken', 'additional microsatellites', 'serve useful', 'white marking', 'anatomical location', 'mechanism regulating', 'hip width', 'using illumina porcine snp60', 'validation dataset', 'cold water', 'onset sexual', 'merino sheep', 'fetlock joint', 'gene involved', 'nordic red cattle', 'german fleckvieh', 'genomic region explain', '-270t >', 'cell proliferation', 'economically important trait', 'classical swine fever', 'affecting milk production', 'covering whole', 'used investigate', 'qtlmap software', 'discordant sib pair', 'there considerable', 'lep g.1387c > t', 'phenotypic genetic correlation', 'multiple testing', 'these result provide evidence', 'dna repository', 'cie l', 'environmental factor', 'qtls affecting leg', 'cell cycle', '99 %', 'milk fatty', 'growth performance', 'blocking percentage', 'resistant susceptible', 'single marker', 'half-sib model', 'south german', 'faecal culture', 'genetic diversity', 'protein yield', 'underlying genetics', 'lean meat production', 'control ovlv post-infection', 'genomic sequence', 'p ≤', 'npc1 gene', 'significantly affect', 'across 29', 'first time', 'variance component', 'confirmed previous', 'genotypic data', 'milk bhb', 'granddaughter design', 'associated resistance cd', "mutated site 3'utr", 'suffolk texel', 'least 2', 'chinese holstein cow', 'gwa study', 'line selected', 'sequencing technology', 'snp chip', 'risk factor', 'barki ewe', 'full sequence', 'imputed full', 'milk yield', 'might involved', 'leptin receptor', 'p.phe279tyr mutation', 'gemma software', 'red maasai', 'chinese red cattle', 'human mouse', 'igga ige', 'copy number', 'identifying causal', 'coat colour', 'target sequence', 'sire family', 'used map', 'fetlock ocd', 'laiwu pig', 'g.2836 a', 'moderate-large effect', 'individual belonging', 'ib x lr cross', 'haplotype encompassing', 'marker interval', 'blv proviral load', 'susceptibility btb chinese holstein', 'faecal egg count', 'unaffected animal', 'population gushi', 'gwas meta-analysis', 'performed using', 'age first calving', 'mapping approach', 'the majority', 'university wisconsin', 'fatty acid', 'family member', 'fatty acid-binding protein', 'milk fatty acid', 'luciferase assay', 'marker-assisted selection increase', 'bovine milk', 'count recorded', 'provides evidence', 'peak force', "johne 's", 'insight molecular', 'conformation functional', 'retained placenta', 'sequence share', 'significant comparison-wise', 'host genetics', 'human health', 'plasma coloration', 'our finding provide', 'g > c', 'growth egg', 'linkage disequilibrium block', 'major determinant', 'reproductive trait', 'bft hw', 'would beneficial', '156 157del', 'allele substitution effect', 'identify causal', 'interaction network', 'intramuscular fat content', 'dd higher', 'driploss %', 'fatty acid (', 'genome wide', 'heifer conceive', 'highly pathogenic', 'outbred f2', 'chicken h3h3 diplotype', 'whole-genome sequencing', 'analysis showed', 'il8 haplotype', 'chinese merino sheep', 'target site', 'full-length coding', 'chicken line', 'piglet per litter', 'carcass merit', 'f (', 'six month', 'reported previously', 'genbank accession', 'leaf fat', 'native chinese', 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beneficial', '72 week age', 'ssc 4', 'identification causal', 'serum lipid concentration', 'biological function', 'mechanism action', 'protein content', 'health disease', 'proc mixed', 'model allowed', 'highly expressed', 'previous finding', 'step towards', 'regression approach', 'low density lipoprotein', 'we propose', 'p = 0.001', 'hanwoo beef', 'bcwd resistance', 'ultimate ph', 'sow high low', 'result demonstrated', 'genetic factor', 'testicular weight', 'provide insight', '× landrace', 'cheese production', 'covering 18', 'osteochondral lesion', 'post-weaning gain', 'perform genome-wide association study', 'to better', 'future marker-assisted selection', 'positional functional candidate gene', 'region attained', 'often used', 'method :', 'lp lta', 'we sequenced', '90 % confidence interval', 'european commercial', 'igg blocking percentage', 'abnormal sperm', 'first step', 'highly significant qtl', 'explore genetic', 'genome-wide significance level', '= 0.001', 'regression interval', 'genomic relationship', 'parasite resistance', 'combining information', 'south german coldblood horse', 'l - r', 'nc 006091.3', 'genotyped across', 'x y', 'play essential', 'exon-8 nr6a1', 'there significant', 'great economic', 'half-sibling family', 'involved regulation', 'p value', 'to map', 'calving ease', 'objective research', 'lactating cow', 'affecting leg', 'g.17507a >', 'fecal egg count', '194 microsatellite marker', '58 cm', 'ca p', 'varied among', 'resource population phenotyped', 'host genetic', 'affymetrix axiom', '25 26', 'nominal p <', 'luxi × simmental crossbred', 'racing performance', '55 cm', 'pork ph', 'genomic location', 'f1 male', 'found statistically', 'corpus lutea', 'rib eye area', 'boar taint', 'understanding genetic control', 'loss dairy', 'broiler x', 'red maasai dorper', 'we show', 'likelihood ratio', 'account population stratification', 'starting point', 'showed strong', 'to knowledge', 'sus scrofa', 'bos taurus chromosome', 'exceeded chromosome-wise p <', 'number thoracic vertebra', '1.0 %', '< 0.01', 'stillbirth calving', 'contribution variation', 'f2 pedigree', 'complex disease', 'l1 insertion', 'might play important role', 'lepr c.1987c > t', 'milk fat percentage', 'line-cross analysis', 'metabolic pathway', 'associated milk fatty', 'genomewide significance', 'causal mutation', 'mapping resolution', 'combined data set', 'chromosome-wide significant linkage', 'f₂ population', 'bpi exon', 'amino acid substitution', 'model included random', 'previously published', 'affected calf', 'there also', 'genomic region', 'present study investigate', 'estimated heritability', 'affected my', 'growth differentiation', 'ovine chromosome', 'difference prolificacy', 'understand genetic', 'omega-3 pufa content', 'fat percent', 'incubation period', 'broiler line', 'no major', 'targeted region', 'full-sib family', 'melting point', 'hardy-weinberg equilibrium (', 'x merino', 'herd life', 'may play', 'resistance would', 'relevantly associated', 'inbred line', 'native british', 'interspecific hybrid', '< 0.001', 'subclinical ketosis lactation', 'to address', 'milk composition', 'behavioural index', 'peak position', 'gensel software', 'silico analysis', 'first insemination', 'nematode resistance', 'nc 040256', 'threshold determined', 'moderate heritability', 'post immunisation', 'result : we', 'later parity', 'progeny tested', 'condition infection', 'p < 0.05', 'genotype-phenotype association', 'scottish blackface', 'meat yield', 'opn level', 'canadian angus', 'larger number', 'ph 45 min', 'radiation hybrid panel', 'using high-density', '60 k', 'genetic contribution', 'hanwoo cattle', 'cooking loss', 'these result', 'major source', 'provide useful', 'genome-wide rapid', 'packed cell', 'immune pathway', 'resistance cd', 'litter size trait', 'sequence variant', 'beef cattle breeding', 'approximate daughter yield deviation', 'cast 101781475', '183 microsatellites', 'marker-assisted selection .', 'chromosome x', 'mrna level', 'contribute identification', 'a-fabp h-fabp', 'artiodactyl myadm-like', 'published result', 'line-cross half-sib model', 'total number piglet born', 'canadian holstein bull', 'information content', 'strand conformation', 'key ancestor', 'white plymouth rock', 'genetic correlation', 'imprinting status', 'chromosomal region', '50 generation', 'chinese indigenous pig', 'duroc pietrain', 'random polygenic', 'improved meat quality', 'lean meat', 'dlk1 meg3', 'content fatty acid', 'pietrain f2', 'via prediction equation', 'pork tenderness', 'skeletal muscle development', 'carboxylase alpha', 'effect milk fatty', 'eye area', 'lean area', 'principal component', 'this study designed investigate', 'result : a total', 'potential causal', 'marker spanning', 'p = 0.004', 'reproductive seasonality litter size', 'female reproductive', 'f2 chicken', 'ph value', '2.4 %', 'first oviposition', 'n =', 'us m', 'marker density', 'age first', 'our result suggest', 'ovarian follicle', 'a multitrait', 'novel insight', 'identify quantitative trait locus', 'using 125', 'closely linked', 'body dimension', 'these result indicated', 'in total', 'myog gene', 'top 10', 'behavioral trait', 'low frequency', 'metabolism mammal', 'lm semimembranosus', 'used perform', 'multiple chromosomal', 'connective tissue', 'epithelial cell', 'indigenous chinese', 'obesity human', 'may influence', 'bw bone', 'dry matter', 'illinois population', 'inflammatory disease', 'result confirm', 'bird genotyped', 'we report', 'initiator locus', 'interesting candidate', 'sire dam', 'mechanism underlying', 'genotypic frequency', 'meishan ×', 'future marker-assisted', 'radiographic data', 'protein synthesis', 'potentially involved', 'reducing incidence', '± 0.02', 'support hypothesis', 'fine map', 'cortisol level', 'significantly different', 'lipid biosynthesis', 'strong evidence', 'epl score', '250 microsatellite marker', 'play crucial role', 'clinical ketosis lactation', 'interval mapping', 'a genome-wide scan', 'mhc allele', 'number vertebra', '9-base continuous', 'bone mineral density', 'f2 hen', 'distributed across', '97 %', 'positional candidate gene', 'developmental process', 'heterogeneous residual variance', 'fa composition', 'present result', 'wb shear', 'deregressed proof', '5 % chromosome-wide significance', 'measured second shearing', 'region spanning', 'mutation underlying', 'applied identify', 'polygenic inheritance pattern', 'significantly associated average', '84 cm', 'biological process', 'correction multiple test', 'method : a total', 'density lipoprotein', 'genotyping platform', 'limited power', 'may help', 'large number', 'withers height', 'prp genotype', '× erhualian cross', 'developmental stage', 'calculated using', 'bone fracture', 'linear animal model', 'aim study', 'marker spacing', 'current study', 'ph decline', 'genome-wide threshold', 'subcutaneous fat thickness', 'in order', 'weighted single-step gblup', 'bacterial artificial chromosome', 'bioinformatics analysis', '337 fertile stallion', 'meat ph color', 'affecting economically', 'carcass conformation', 'evaluate association', 'university broiler', 'french dairy cattle', 'facilitate search', 'covering 21', 'age 300', 'facial wrinkle', 'lm area', 'linkage mapping', 'charolais ×', 'solute carrier', 'linear regression', 'onset sexual maturity', 'last decade', 'feed intake feed efficiency', 'gnas domain', 'conclusion : we', 'maximum significance', 'nellore cattle', 'egg quality', 'adhesion phenotype', 'marker-trait combination', 'we developed', 'productive trait', 'yield deviation', 'polymerase chain reaction', 'missense mutation', 'weaning weight', 'significant single nucleotide', '57 k', 'cm gga1', 'sequence similarity', 'first parity', 'histocompatibility complex', 'infectious pancreatic necrosis', 'conclusion : our finding', 'maternal calving difficulty', 'region explaining', 'b c', 'arm porcine', 'map4k4 gene', 'poorly understood', 'leg weakness', 'population consisted', 'milk protein yield', 'mendelian model', 'hot carcass', 'subtraits retained placenta', 'functional significance', 'fine mapping study', 'underlying variation', 'broiler chicken', 'among individual', 'dominance variance', 'g.5678784a >', 'grandsire family', 'one hundred twenty', 'snp/duplication locus', 'clinical sign', 'parent-of-origin effect', 'association study', 'selectively genotyped', 'c.10936g >', 'polyunsaturated fatty acid', 'our result demonstrate', 'paternal component pregnancy', 'measured loin', 'improvement reproductive', 'to better understand', 'type iia', 'pp fp', 'this information', 'chromosome harbouring', 'fatty acid profile', 'finding advance', 'near position', 'useful information', 'a c.919g', 'rna-seq data', 'w x', 'on chromosome', '> c', 'performed separately', 'reached genome-wide significance', 'adult stature', 'height human', 'perinatal mortality', 'pig slaughtered', 'using weighted single-step', 'fiber number', 'markov chain', "animal 's", 'ketosis dairy cattle', 'phenotypic variation', 'residual variance', 'economic trait', 'acid content', 'allowed identification', 'body composition', 'eps8 gpat4', 'recurrent airway obstruction', 'oar9 91647990', 'used calculate', 'phenotypic measurement', 'shank head', 'genome assembly', 'milk sample', 'within sex', 'meat spot', 'similar position', 'bead chip', 'highly polymorphic', 'trait locus', 'energy balance', 'random regression', 'conformation score', 'eca3:79,533,282 79,533,285delttct', 'play key role', 'restricted maximum', 'porcine gsk-3α', '= 0.021', 'decr1 me1', 'capn1 :', 'based single-marker', 'mir206 mir133b', 'red junglefowl', 'protein-coding gene', 'effect tm-qtl', 'we applied', 'polymorphic microsatellites', 'cheese yield', 'early growth', 'esc resistance .', 'xm 001788152', 'help elucidate', 'limousin breed', 'logarithm odds', 'supernumerary teat', 'present study identify', 'one missense', 'posterior probability', 'response stress', 'bone cartilage', 'suggestive threshold', 'candidate gene proposed', 'good candidate', 'week age', 'included random', '% genome-wise', 'random regression model', 'mrna abundance', 'fertility treatment', 'bcse locus', 'lalba g.242t', 'adr- inra-design', 'we identified', '% vf2', 'commercial herd', 'predicted transmitting ability', 'swine industry', 'daughter pregnancy rate', 'chromosome-wide significant qtl', 'lowly heritable', 'suggested potential', 'background : a', 'level skatole', 'indicate possible'}

matching_phrases = bi_unique & trait_phrases

# Count total matches
match_count = len(matching_phrases)


print(f"Total Exact Matches: {match_count}")
print(f"This represents {round(match_count/len(trait_phrases),4)*100}% out of all phrases in the dictionary.")
print("Matching Phrases:", matching_phrases)

Total Exact Matches: 157
This represents 0.69% out of all phrases in the dictionary.
Matching Phrases: {'semen volume', 'liver weight', 'longissimus dorsi muscle', 'milk protein', 'number stillborn', 'body length', 'body weight gain', 'glycolytic potential', 'ear size', 'bone mineral density', 'bone density', 'lumbar vertebra', 'functional teat', 'total number born', 'carcass length', 'linoleic acid', 'innate immune response', 'thoracic vertebra', 'wound healing', 'ovulation rate', 'tenderness score', 'litter size', 'abdominal fat weight', 'milk yield', 'comb mass', 'stearic acid', 'immune system', 'backfat thickness', 'mammary gland', 'small intestine', 'subcutaneous fat thickness', 'mean corpuscular volume', 'horn length', 'longissimus dorsi', 'immune response', 'body size', 'rib eye area', 'milk urea', 'ige level', 'feather pecking', 'mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration', 'testis weight', 'sperm motility', 'chest girth', 'fatty acid', 'egg size', 'milk fatty acid', 'egg number', 'milk fat', 'feed conversion', 'fat thickness', 'milk fat percentage', 'lipid metabolism', 'shoulder weight', 'nervous system', 'oleic acid', 'meat ph', 'breast muscle weight', 'back fat thickness', 'loin yield', 'fertility trait', 'nervous system development', 'ham weight', 'heart weight', 'feeding behavior', 'maternal behavior', 'intramuscular fat content', 'male fertility', 'longissimus muscle', 'eye muscle', 'milk protein yield', 'shank length', 'bone mineral content', 'longissimus dorsi muscle area', 'milk somatic cell', 'gizzard weight', 'loin muscle area', 'heart girth', 'pregnancy rate', 'chest width', 'loin eye', 'meat tenderness', 'leaf fat', 'gestation length', 'milk composition', 'milk fat yield', 'ribeye area', 'teat number', 'lactose yield', 'white blood cell', 'milk protein percentage', 'breast muscle', 'tibia length', 'shank diameter', 'triglyceride level', 'carcass weight', 'leg muscle', 'bone strength', 'female fertility', 'udder depth', 'postnatal growth', 'muscle fiber', 'abdominal fat', 'body height', 'dry matter intake', 'somatic cell score', 'body weight', 'subcutaneous fat', 'clean wool yield', 'dressing percentage', 'udder morphology', 'palmitoleic acid', 'back fat', 'chest depth', 'serum lipid', 'fat depth', 'energy balance', 'adrenal gland', 'chest circumference', 'residual feed intake', 'nipple number', 'red blood cell', 'embryonic development', 'meat color', 'antibody response', 'hip width', 'plasma cortisol', 'egg weight', 'cortical bone', 't cell', 'social behavior', 'uterine horn', 'skin thickness', 'feed conversion ratio', 'body mass', 'ovarian follicle', 'semimembranosus muscle', 'conception rate', 'energy metabolism', 'loin eye area', 'skeletal muscle', 'average daily feed intake', 'body conformation', 'connective tissue', 'white adipose tissue', 'non-return rate', 'muscle area', 't lymphocyte', 'scrotal circumference', 'abnormal sperm', 'bone mineral', 'fetal growth', 'egg production', 'adipose tissue', 'longissimus thoracis', 'intramuscular fat', 'loin muscle'}

	PMID	Journal	Title	Abstract	Category
0	17179536	J Anim Sci. 2007 Jan;85(1):22-30.	Variance component analysis of quantitative tr...	In a previous study, QTL for carcass compositi...	1
1	17177700	J Anim Breed Genet. 2006 Dec;123(6):414-8.	Single nucleotide polymorphism identification,...	Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypep...	0
2	17129674	Vet Parasitol. 2007 Apr 10;145(1-2):2-10. Epub...	Genetic resistance to Sarcocystis miescheriana...	Clinical and parasitological traits of Sarcocy...	0
3	17121599	Anim Genet. 2006 Dec;37(6):543-53.	Results of a whole-genome quantitative trait l...	A whole-genome quantitative trait locus (QTL) ...	1
4	17057239	Genetics. 2006 Dec;174(4):2119-27. Epub 2006 O...	Unexpected high polymorphism at the FABP4 gene...	Fatty acid bing protein 4 (FABP4) plays a key ...	0

	Abstract	Category
0	In a previous study, QTL for carcass compositi...	1
3	A whole-genome quantitative trait locus (QTL) ...	1
5	A partial genome scan using microsatellite mar...	1
7	BACKGROUND: The rate of pubertal development a...	1
10	Previously, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ...	1

	Abstract	Category	abstract_split	abstract_spacy	abstract_nltk
0	In a previous study, QTL for carcass compositi...	1	[previous, qtl, carcass, composition, meat, qu...	[previous, study, qtl, carcass, composition, m...	[previous, study, qtl, carcass, composition, m...
3	A whole-genome quantitative trait locus (QTL) ...	1	[quantitative, trait, locus, scan, phenotype, ...	[genome, quantitative, trait, locus, qtl, scan...	[quantitative, trait, locus, qtl, scan, phenot...
5	A partial genome scan using microsatellite mar...	1	[partial, genome, scan, using, microsatellite,...	[partial, genome, scan, microsatellite, marker...	[partial, genome, scan, using, microsatellite,...
7	BACKGROUND: The rate of pubertal development a...	1	[the, rate, pubertal, development, weaning, es...	[background, rate, pubertal, development, wean...	[background, the, rate, pubertal, development,...
10	Previously, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ...	1	[quantitative, trait, locus, backfat, loin, ey...	[previously, quantitative, trait, locus, qtl, ...	[previously, quantitative, trait, locus, qtl, ...

	Top Word	TF-IDF Score	Similar 1	Similar 2	Similar 3	Similar 4	Similar 5	Similar 6	Similar 7	Similar 8	...	Similar 11	Similar 12	Similar 13	Similar 14	Similar 15	Similar 16	Similar 17	Similar 18	Similar 19	Similar 20
1	qtl	0.0707	qtls:0.968	previously:0.9493	mapped:0.9269	detected:0.9258	chromosome:0.9226	reported:0.9147	suggestive:0.908	locus:0.8943	...	several:0.8674	significant:0.8543	quantitative:0.8498	chromosomal:0.8359	putative:0.8277	region:0.8272	located:0.8233	coincided:0.8222	pleiotropic:0.8206	near:0.8203
2	snp	0.0545	revealed:0.9347	exon:0.9332	intron:0.9234	single:0.9177	haplotype:0.9152	three:0.9126	four:0.9065	two:0.9048	...	within:0.8855	nucleotide:0.8828	showed:0.8788	seven:0.8726	flanking:0.8676	the:0.8664	six:0.8612	one:0.8583	association:0.8537	sequence:0.8501
3	trait	0.0534	affecting:0.9246	locus:0.9047	quantitative:0.8975	fatness:0.8815	quality:0.8315	growth:0.8214	carcass:0.8205	meat:0.8113	...	qtls:0.7957	influencing:0.7919	related:0.789	reported:0.768	economically:0.767	eggshell:0.7657	bone:0.7648	affect:0.7629	complex:0.7616	detect:0.7427
4	gene	0.0474	candidate:0.9688	positional:0.9439	mutation:0.862	functional:0.8604	region:0.8417	potential:0.8333	pathway:0.8237	involved:0.8194	...	variant:0.8022	porcine:0.7977	novel:0.7939	scd:0.7876	promoter:0.787	close:0.7765	causal:0.7737	located:0.7729	coding:0.7697	causative:0.7639
5	region	0.0329	located:0.9698	identified:0.9634	previously:0.9336	within:0.9307	novel:0.9275	several:0.926	chromosome:0.9174	reported:0.9101	...	mutation:0.8963	close:0.896	detected:0.8896	bovine:0.8796	candidate:0.8744	variant:0.8673	near:0.8673	chromosomal:0.8671	position:0.8653	mapped:0.8645
6	association	0.0309	analysis:0.912	gwas:0.899	sequence:0.8936	revealed:0.8869	array:0.8814	approach:0.88	imputed:0.8762	chip:0.8719	...	conducted:0.8614	single:0.8608	gwa:0.8595	regression:0.8558	interval:0.8554	snp:0.8537	autosome:0.8523	perform:0.8512	bovine:0.8485	flanking:0.8474
7	associated	0.0299	found:0.9148	significantly:0.8994	also:0.8918	several:0.8763	bta:0.8618	reported:0.8529	close:0.8396	located:0.8383	...	qtls:0.8344	chromosome:0.8175	near:0.8174	harboring:0.8172	promoter:0.814	level:0.813	identified:0.8123	coincided:0.8097	positional:0.8094	one:0.8089
8	study	0.0295	identify:0.9628	objective:0.9382	aim:0.9268	present:0.919	genomic:0.9177	gwas:0.8816	detect:0.872	conducted:0.8647	...	map:0.858	fine:0.8499	mapping:0.8416	genome:0.8409	scan:0.8346	approach:0.8331	investigate:0.829	perform:0.8202	performed:0.8077	association:0.806
9	pig	0.0295	commercial:0.9348	landrace:0.9312	erhualian:0.9307	duroc:0.929	leghorn:0.9279	dongxiang:0.925	meishan:0.9221	cross:0.921	...	broiler:0.9131	rock:0.9117	intercross:0.9104	boar:0.9089	sheep:0.9074	litter:0.9043	resource:0.9033	junglefowl:0.9001	population:0.9001	indigenous:0.8985
10	analysis	0.0293	disequilibrium:0.96	linkage:0.9518	regression:0.947	marker:0.9397	interval:0.9368	mapping:0.9339	approach:0.9303	ldla:0.9241	...	combined:0.9101	test:0.9061	method:0.9016	across:0.8976	revealed:0.8973	gwa:0.897	based:0.8967	microsatellites:0.8917	covering:0.8908	chip:0.8854

Config¶

Import Dataset¶

Pre-processing and other requirements¶

Tokenization of Sentences¶

Task 1¶

1) Frequency Base¶

2) TD-IDF Base¶

Task 2¶

Task 3¶

Built-in TfidfVectorizer Bigram and Trigram¶

Gensim Bigram and Trigram¶

Main result:¶